Class 2 Slide Deck Spring 2016 (1)
Transcript of Class 2 Slide Deck Spring 2016 (1)
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MBA 545: People and
Systems in Organizations
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Session 2
Co-teach:
Lesson:• Diversity, work performance and organizations
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Class Co-Teach Presentations
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esson
Diversity, work performance and
organizations
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!hat is Diversity"
#ow wo$ld yo$ define diversity"
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!hat is Diversity"#arvey, %llard p& 'ii
#ow wo$ld yo$ define diversity"
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%re %ttit$des towards Diversity
Changing"#arvey, %llard p& 'ii
#ow"
!hy"
(s it for the good"
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Change )odel
*nfreezing• Demographics
• +loal e'pansion• aws
• al$es• .conomics
Change• eadership
• Corporate/oards
• Diversity a$dits•
Training
0efreezing• Social
responsiility• /est practices
• %wards•
1le'ile work
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*nderstanding rganizational
0esponses to Change
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Definitions
Pre3$dice: 4 a preconceived eval$ative
attit$de ased on social gro$p
memership&5
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• (s pre3$dice ad" Common"
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• (s pre3$dice ad" Common"
• %ltho$gh pre3$dice can e positive, ne$tral
or negative, and conscience or $nconscio$s
it is the negative and $nconscio$s that can
lead to stereotypes&
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Definitions
Stereotype: 4generalized eliefs that all
memers of a gro$p possess the same
characteristics that are the most prolematic65
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Definitions
Stereotype: 4generalized eliefs that all
memers of a gro$p possess the same
characteristics that are the most prolematic65
ike pre3$dice, stereotypes can e positive,ne$tral or negative and are learned rather
than innate& It is a mental process, not a
behavior.
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Definitions
Discrimination: 4a behavior that occ$rs when
memers of a social identity gro$p are
treated $nfairly or $ne7$ally eca$se oftheir gro$p memerships&5
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*nderstanding Diversity
• oden8s Dimensions of Diversity 9#arvey
%llard p& 'v;
• Schein8s evels of rganizational C$lt$re9#arvey %llard p& 'v;
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ideo:
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Disc$ssion
• Think of an e'ample where yo$ have e'perienced:
– Pre3$dice
–
Stereotype – Discrimination
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Disc$ssion
• Think of an e'ample where yo$ have e'perienced:
– Pre3$dice
–
Stereotype – Discrimination
• Think of an e'ample where yo$ have e'hiited :
– Pre3$dice
– Stereotype
– Discrimination
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Stages of Diversity %wareness
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Power, %$thority, and (nfl$ence
• Power is the aility to get others to do
what yo$ want them to do
• Authority is formal power d$e to position
• Influence is the aility to lead others
witho$t the e'ertion of force or formal
a$thority
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So$rces of rganizational Power
9 from French & Raven;
• Coercive ability to punish
• !eward provide benefits
• Le"itimate/title based upon position
•
!eferent role model or mentor • #$pert experience or knowledge
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Theories of )otivation
Self-%ct$alization
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Theories of )otivation
#erzerg8s Two-1actor Theory 9#ygiene Theory;
=o Satisfiers
or Tr$e )otivators
=o Satisfiers
or Tr$e )otivators=o Dissatisfiers
or #ygiene 1actors
=o Dissatisfiers
or #ygiene 1actors
• 0ecognition• %chievement• %dvancement• The work itself
• !ork conditions• Pay• /enefits• S$pervision
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Theories of )otivation
)acgregor>s Theory ? and Theory @)anagement Styles
Theory @Theory @ Theory ?Theory ?
People are inherently
good and 3$st need to e
given the right
opport$nity and s$pport&
People are inherently
lazy and incompetent and
need to e directed and
watched&
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Process: )anaging Team Conflict
%cknowledge
0espond
Prepare
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Cooperativeness
% s s e r t i v e n
e s s
&i"h
&i"h
Low
Low
'
'
'
'
'
Competing
Compromising
%voiding %ccommodating
Collaorating
Conflict 0esponse )odel from #homas$%ilman
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Cross-C$lt$ral Conflicts
)onitor these areas on m$lti-national pro3ects:
• (nformation sharing
•#ierarchical vs& participative decision-making
• !ork ethic
• 0esistance to change
• Performance feedack
• 0isk tolerance
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+$idelines for (mproving Cross-
C$lt$ral Competence• %ccept that yo$r eliefs and ehaviors are
c$lt$rally o$nd, and represent only one
perspective of a sit$ation• Develop an awareness of other c$lt$res
• %void $sing attri$tions and stereotypes
•
%dopt Stephen Covey8s advice, 4Seek first to$nderstand, then to e $nderstood5
• (nstead of ass$ming yo$ have all the information,
ass$me that yo$ don8t
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• #igh Conte't 4 %now and trust first, then work &5 – .mphasis on Social Conte't
– Setting, stat$s and nonveral ehavior more importantthan words
–0elationship and tr$st more important than $siness goalsand o3ectives
– !elfare and harmony of gro$p is val$ed
• ow Conte't 'on(t take it personal) it(s *ust business"+ – Comm$nicate to e'change facts and information
– )eaning derived from words
– /$siness transactions more important than relationship andtr$st
– (ndivid$al achievement over gro$p welfare andf$nctioning
Aennedy, =&, 4P$t Diversity in Conte't5, ersonal -ournal 9Sept& BB;
#igh Conte't ow Conte't C$lt$res
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#igh Conte't ow Conte't C$lt$res
Chinese
Aorean
=apanese
ietnamese
%ra+reek
Spanish
(talian
.nglish
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%ttit$des towards Diversity:
(ndivid$al
•
erceptual 'istortions – 0tereotyping
– ro*ection
– erceptual 'efense
• 1ttributions
– Fundamental 1ttribution 2rror
– 0elf$serving bias
Individuals and groups tend to see prejudice and bias in others and not themselves.
% i d d Di i
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• .thnocentrism – +ro$p or c$lt$re s$perior
• )onoc$lt$re
– %ccepts only one way of doing things and set val$es and
eliefs
• .thno-relativism
– +ro$ps and s$c$lt$res are inherently e7$al
• Pl$ralism
– rganization accommodates several s$c$lt$res
%ttit$des towards Diversity:
rganizational
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Stages of Diversity %wareness
/ennet, )&, -ournal of Intercultural Relations BG 9BHF;
I - %daptation
B - Denial
2 - Defense
J - )inimizing Differences
K - %cceptance
F - (ntegration
#ighest evel of %wareness
owest evel of %wareness
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Stages of Diversity %wareness
F - (ntegration – )$ltic$lt$ral attit$de
I - %daptation – %le to empathize with other c$lt$res
– %le to shift from one c$lt$ral perspective to another
K - %cceptance –
%ccepts ehavioral and val$e differences – 0ecognizes validity of other perspectives
J - )inimizing Differences – #ides or trivializes c$lt$ral differences
– 1oc$ses on similarities among all peoples
2 - Defense –
Perceives threat from others – *ses negative stereotyping
– %ss$mes own c$lt$re s$perior
B - Denial – Parochial world view
–
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% /est Practice 1ramework for .nhancing Comm$nications and
.ffectiveness on )$ltic$lt$ral Teams
B& Create Diversity %wareness
– Training designed to make people aware of their
own pre3$dices and stereotypes
2& Develop Team-/ased al$es
– T% and Team Charter creation
J& C$lt$ral