Class #2

Chapters 4,5,6,7, and 10

NFPA Statistics

NFPA survey is a three year cycle that attempts to survey one third of the states in a given year.

Tables 4.1 to 4.18 pg 90 to 96

FD Administration and OPS

Effective FD management requires specific decisions related to specific communities, as well as general practices relating to objectives, structure, budgeting, purchasing, planning, intergovernmental relations, and analysis.

Early Suppression and Regulations

5 steps in the evolution of fire prot. 1. establishment of night watch

services 2. fire prevention regs.+ enforcement 3. salvage societies (groups) 4. volunteer fire companies 5. appointment of officers a F/F

Interesting History Facts

First organized fire protection Roman vigil’s 24 B.C.

First fire regulation (code) 872 A.D. Oxford England, hearth fire

extinguished at a fixed hour. First SOPS

Edinburgh’s fire chief James Braidwood authored a 396 page handbook on what good fire department service should be

Interesting America History Facts

First America fire ordinance (code) Boston Mass. 1631 prohibited thatched

roofs and wood chimneys First paid municipal department

Circa 1679 Boston started a paid FD (not full time, paid on call) as a result of a major conflagration in 1679

First full time paid FDs Cincinnati 1853, FDNY 1865

Duty System and Training History Early 20 century continuous duty system After WWII two – platoon system Three platoon system evolved 24 hr. shifts now common with FLSA

restrictions 53 hr work week 1889 Boston first drill school 1914 NYC college for officer training 1937 OSU fire program 1950 most states provide some form of

training

Types of FD Organizations Public FD municipal Fire Bureau division of public safety County FD Fire District separate taxing body Fire Protection Districts tax supported

unit of government that contracts other organizations for service, paper district

Volunteer FD

Expanding Role of Fire Service The leadership challenge for the fire service

is to define what an effective, competitive FD will look like in the future and establish a steady course in pursuit of that vision. FFs can’t define the business they want to be in based on the missions that have the most appeal or immediate gratification. Neither can the fire chief impose his will. The measure of success must be one that satisfies dynamic changing community needs.

Expanding Role Fire Prevention

As FDs have professionalized they have historically developed suppression capability rather than their fire prevention capability.

Positioning the Fire Service in the future depends on a affordable balance between suppression and FPB

Expanding Role Pre-Incident Planning

Should involve all FFs and be ongoing Five steps in preplanning

Info gathering Info analysis Info dissemination Review and drill

Expanding Role Fire Investigation

Fire investigations, not only to identify criminal activity but to make fire cause determination, can identify factors useful in lessening the number and severity of fires that may occur in the future.

Expanding Role Public ED

The neighborhood station is a great vehicle for public education and support for FD.

good programs are available NFPA And developed programs within a FD

Expanding Role Public Information

In a good public info program it is important to develop and maintain procedures that keep the public informed of activities and programs.

WHY?

Expanding Role EMS

No kidding, EMS touches all aspects of FD operation.

Other expanded roles Haz Mat and special ops Mgt. improvement systems Mgt. info systems Safety and Health

FD Structure

For a FD to function effectively it must have an organizational plan that shows the relationship between operating divisions and the total organization.

Organizational Principles

Work should be divided among individuals and operating units according to a plan.

As a FD gets bigger & complex the need for coordination increases.

The most successful organizations operate as a team organized as a system.

Organization Functions

Line functions; directly involving delivery of emergency services.

Staff functions include; FPB, Training, Maintenance,

Communications, Research and planning, Public information, Financial mgt., Personnel mgt., Fire protection engineering, and Management information systems.

Organizational Plans

Good organizational plans that reflect the current status of the FD is essentially a blueprint of the organization.

A list of responsibilities (job descriptions) for each position should be part of the plan.

Rules and Regulations

Every FD should have a set of R & R that outline expectations, SOPs, and punitive discipline.

Good R & R should be Easy to interpret and understand Are readily available to all Trained on Reviewed and revised

Organizing For Emergency Response

Complexity relates to size of FD and size of emergency

Putting the right numbers of personnel and apparatus in a timely way is essential.

Mutual aid, interagency cooperation and operability are also very important

Components of Communications

Receiving alarms Dispatching procedures Radio communications Proper staffing and training Information retrieval and storage Alerting systems

FD and in some cases the public

Personnel in FDs

Greatly influenced by Financial resources Availability Vol vs career Frequency of incidents Range of services Preference of community

There are no simple guidelines it boils down to a local decision

Major Responsibilities of the Organization

Fiscal mgt. and budgeting Personnel mgt.

Recruiting, qualifications, promotions, and personnel records

Productivity Difficult to measure Must maintain good training Planning and research help productivity

Staffing Practices

2 to 3 % of members assigned FPB Most career work 24s Dallas study recommends minimum 4

on a company so does NFPA and OSHA (2 in 2 out)

Many FDs use mutual aid Most FDs are understaffed?

WHY?

Intergovernmental Relations

FDs should always try to interact cooperatively with Building departments The PD Water dept. Community public info and education Personnel, finance, planning, MIS And other groups as needed

Evaluation and Planning

Background issues High costs Technical and operational issues What process should be used

Five questions on pg 126 Basic questions raised in Evaluation

and planning. Pg 127

Evaluation and Planning

Planning steps Setting goals Evaluating Working out details All three require analysis of information

Two important aspects of good plans A good plan to make your plan Feasible with clear goals

Evaluation and Planning

Evaluation statement pg 128 Two important concepts

Capability (personnel trained & equipped)

Capacity (sustained operations) A common rule of thumb initial attack

companies on scene within 10 minutes of alarm.

Evaluation and Planning Following a hazard analysis in a

jurisdiction many questions are raised Pg 129 lists 15 questions

In simplest terms fire suppression in urban areas (or any area), involves tasks to be completed quickly and simultaneously pg 131

See page 132 table 6 for guideline

Evaluation and Planning

In evaluating the adequacy of fire protection evaluators and planers must give major consideration to health and safety issues.

Interesting staffing statement pg 133

Evaluation and Planning

Evaluating service levels pg 135 NFPA select committee identified

what a good FD analysis should consist of see pg 136

ISO FSRS (fire suppression rating schedule) rating 1 to 10 looks at communication, FD, water

Evaluation and Planning

Goal setting concepts to consider during the planning process Adequate level of protection Cost to community risk vs benefit in

relation to $$ Acceptable risk

Evaluation and Planning

Master planning examines existing programs, projects future needs, and determines the best way to fill those needs.

Key questions in master plan development pg 141

Evaluation and Planning

Master planning is participative and has four phases see pg 142

FD Information Systems

Information technology can enhance organizational effectiveness and efficiency by providing rapid access to high quality info. Information technology has become an organizational necessity.

FD Information Systems

Information technology can support and complement Resource control and deployment Emergency response and operations Help internal & external communication Administration and office automation FPB, Training, Research activities Emergency management

FD Information Systems

A good MIS fulfills a variety of needs Strategic planning Resource optimization Support of daily operations Public outreach and communications Internal communication and

documentation

FD Information Systems

Systems uses include Program and organizational performance

evaluation Fleet management Capital asset & personnel planning CAD and enhanced 911 GIS geographic positioning system Mobile data

FD Information Systems Thermal imaging Personal accountability Digital documentation EMS Administrative automation Mobile connectivity Networking Internal and external database

FD Information Systems Financial applications HR functions Facility management FPB applications Incident reporting and analysis Fire investigation Emergency planning Training and research Any others?

System Integration

Many FDs don’t have a systematic approach to the development and use of MIS. The approach is piecemeal without an overall plan.

The solution is information technology planning.

Pre-Incident Planning

What it is; pre-incident planning is ensuring that first responders know as much as they can about the facilities construction, occupancy, and installed systems before the incident.

What it is not; it is not easy

Pre-Incident Planning Proper training is important

What to look for How to document How to interoperate Making it useful

Preplanning requires cooperation of all involved, mgt, insurance, others

Planning process see flowchart pg 182 Fig 10.1

Pre-Incident Planning Data Components

Building construction Walls construction Roof construction Ceilings and attics Floor construction Means of egress Vertical openings Horizontal openings

Pre-Incident Planning Data Components

Occupancy the people inside numbers and time

people are present What is done inside (what process) What is used inside, equipment, supplies,

hazardous materials

Pre-Incident Planning Data Components

Fire protection Sprinkler system Water supply Special systems Standpipes Fire alarm system

Pre-Incident Planning Data Components

Site considerations Access Security Exposures Utilities Environment

Outside assistance Public and private sector