Class 12 Physics Investigatory Project - Solar Car

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Transcript of Class 12 Physics Investigatory Project - Solar Car

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project has been satisfactorily performed by Master

RUSHIL AGGARWAL studying in NAVY CHILDREN SCHOOL of class XII-A under the

guidance of Mr. Rajesh Srinivasan during the academic year 2015-2016.

Signature of Head Of Department Signature of External Examiner

School Stamp

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Acknowledgement

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my Physics

mentors Mr. Rajesh and Mr. Govind for their vital

support, guidance and encouragement without which

this project would not have come forth from my side.

I would like to express my heartily gratitude to the lab

incharge , Mr. Ram for his support during the making of

this project .

I would like to thank my parents and friends who have

helped me with their valuable suggestions and guidance

has been helpful in various phases of the completion of

the project.

I would like to acknowledge the Almighty God who made

all the things possible.

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OBJECTIVE

THEORY

CONSTRUCTION

ADVANTAGES

APPLICATION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Contents

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OBJECTIVE

In this project, the objective is to study the

mechanism and working of a solar car and

to explore the application of renewable

energy in building model cars.

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THEORY

Introduction

A solar car is an electric vehicle powered by solar energy

obtained from solar panels on the surface of the vehicle.

Solar cars combine technology typically used in the aerospace,

bicycle, alternative energy and automotive industries. The

design of a solar vehicle is severely limited by the amount of

energy input into the car.

Solar cars depend on a solar array that uses photovoltaic cells

(PV cells).The Solar Electric Vehicle system was designed and

engineered as an easy to install (2 to 3 hours) integrated

accessory system with a custom molded low profile solar

module, supplemental battery pack and a proven charge

controlling system

.As an alternative, a battery-powered electric vehicle may use

a solar array to recharge; the array may be connected to the

general electrical distribution grid

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Difference between Conventional Vehicle

and Solar Vehicle

A Solar vehicle operates in a significantly different fashion from

a regular vehicle. Regular cars use the internal combustion engine

. These engines, until very recently, used gasoline or diesel fuel

made from petroleum, a fossil fuel. The engine works by literally

burning the fuel, which creates heat and causes expansion of

gases, directly causing movement of pistons in the engine.

A perfect combustion reaction would leave only carbon dioxide

and water. However, perfect combustion is impossible, so these

engines also emit carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and

particulate pollution--all of which contribute to air pollution

Solar cars depend on PV cells to convert sunlight into

electricity to drive electric motors. Unlike solar thermal energy

which converts solar energy to heat, PV cells directly convert

sunlight into electricity.

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Solar Car Schematics

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CONSTRUCTION

Solar car consists of :-

SOLAR ARRAY

POWER TRACKERS

ELECTRIC MOTOR

SPEED CONTROLLER

CHASSIS

BATTERY

WHEEL

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Solar Array

The solar array consists of hundreds of photovoltaic solar cells

converting light into electricity. The solar array is the vehicle’s

only source of power. The power from the array is used either

to power the electric motor or stored in the battery pack for

later use

Power Trackers

Power trackers condition the electricity coming from the solar

array to maximize the power and deliver it either to the

batteries for storage or to the motor controller for propulsion.

When the solar array is charging the batteries, the power

trackers help to protect the batteries from being damaged by

overcharging. Power trackers can be very lightweight and

commonly reach efficiencies above 95%

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Electric Motor

An electric motor is the basic and the most important part of a

solar car. It should work with optimal power and the efficiency

should be high . An electric motor is a device using electrical

energy to produce mechanical energy, nearly always by the

interaction of magnetic fields and current-carrying conductors

Speed Controller

The purpose of a motor speed controller is to take a signal

representing the demanded speed, and to drive a motor at

that speed.

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Chassis

The primary challenge in developing an effective solar car

chassis is to maximize the strength and safety, but minimize

the weight. However, safety is a primary concern and the

chassis must meet stringent strength and safety requirements.

Battery

Battery is the main power supply of a vehicle , a battery is a

device that stores chemical energy and makes it available in an

electrical form.

Wheel

Span tyres are used as it is light and has low traction with the

road. The light tyre does not require greater force to move

faster.

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ADVANTAGES

Eco-friendly One of the most significant benefits of a solar powered vehicle is that it is

highly nature-friendly. Solar powered automobiles produce a negligible

amount of greenhouse gasses that are responsible for the depletion of the

protective ozone layer.

Renewable and Infinite Source of Energy The sun is one of the biggest renewable sources of energy and running solar

powered vehicles does not require any natural resources that are on the verge

of extinction.

Gasoline Independence A solar based car is gasoline independent. A traditional car adds to the all

ready high air pollution levels, whereas, a solar powered car does not produce

any harmful emissions.

Solar Cars are Noiseless A solar powered car is exceptionally quiet and runs noiselessly, thereby,

cutting the noise pollution that comes complimentary with fuel-driven cars.

Longer Life Span A solar car can easily last decades without any expensive regular upkeep.

Low Maintenance The solar vehicles are specially designed to be low maintenance and can be

easily maintained to last years with general cleaning of the solar panels.

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APPLICATION

This concept can be utilized to build a

single sitter four wheel vehicles in practice.

It can be extended to more commercial

form of four wheeler vehicle.

In industry where small vehicles are used

to perform light weight conveys work from

one place to other place.

It can be used in places where , fuel based

vehicles are banned due to production of

pollution and noise

In space exploration vehicles where

conventional source of energy cannot be

used.

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Bibliography

1. www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_car

2. auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency

3. www.solarpoweredcar.org

4. www.miniscience.com/kits/SOLAR

5. www.tafesa.edu.au/solarcar_works