Class 01 “Introduction to Control Systemswebx.ubi.pt/~felippe/texts/contr_systems_ppt01e.pdf ·...
Transcript of Class 01 “Introduction to Control Systemswebx.ubi.pt/~felippe/texts/contr_systems_ppt01e.pdf ·...
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1“Introduction to Control Systems”
Control Systems
J. A. M. Felippe de SouzaJ. A. M. Felippe de Souza
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“Control Systems”
Control Systems a very wide area
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A palavra “sistema” (system) tem
um significado muito amplo.
Things which are
very different
may be examples
of systems.
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The human being has a natural desire to control everything.
When we press a button, such as for example to call an
elevator (lift), we are exercising a type of control.
When we drive a vehicle, either a motorcycle, or a car, or even
an helicopter or a airplane, we are also exercising some type of
control.
What is Control Systems?__________________________________________________________________
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Control Systems is the art of to guide, conduct,maneuver, command, drive, manage or controla device, an utensil, an equipment, an appliance,
a mechanism, a tool, a machine, an estructure, a
process, or rather, a system.
What is Control Systems?__________________________________________________________________
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In engineering, man has been controlling devices for centuries.
The centrifugal governor (or regulator).
What is Control Systems?__________________________________________________________________
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Similar devices to that has been used
Through the centuries men has been improving the techniques
to control systems.
o in ancient Greece by the priests to open and close the
heavy doors of their temples.
and also
o in 17th century, in mills,
o in 18th century, in steam engines (James Watt), for
•pumping water from a well or
• in steam engines in vessels or
• in steam engines for pulling trains;
and even nowadays:
o in the engine of a car or
o in the engine of a locomotive.
What is Control Systems?__________________________________________________________________
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In particular, in 20th century men constructed several types
of machines or devices which he is able to control more
and more efficiently.
The vehicles that men has constructed last century
(20th century) are great examples of Control Systems.
What is Control Systems?__________________________________________________________________
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They are all sort of machines controlled by man and with increasing
sophistication: vehicles with 2 wheels, with 4 wheels, that goes on
water, or under the water, that fly or that goes on the space.
What is Control Systems?__________________________________________________________________
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We got to the Moon, and, tele-guided, we also got to
other planets.
Control Systems__________________________________________________________________
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Today there are space probes (such as for exemple Pioneer
10 and 11 and the Voyager 1 and 2) that have already left
our solar system and are going towards some star where is
only going to arrive after millions of years, when this
planet will not exist anymore.
Control Systems__________________________________________________________________
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Even now in the 21st century, in 2004, men has landed a robotic
space vehicle in Mars, called Mars Rover Spirit, which weighs 185 kg
and moved about 100 meters per day.
Mars Rover Spirit went to Mars packed inside an unmanned spaceship
Mars Surveyor during its 480 millions km trip that took to get there,
when then it opened.
Control Systems__________________________________________________________________
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The Mars Rover Spirit robot drove around in Mars 591 days Martian
days, exploring, photographing, sending images to Earth and reaching
about 3 km (three kilometres) away from the point it landed in Mars.
Control Systems__________________________________________________________________
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Some examples of Control Systems
The notion of systems is intuitive.
Almost everything that is around us is some type of system.
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Some examples of Control Systems__________________________________________________________________
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Almost everything that is around us is some type of system.
Some examples of Control Systems__________________________________________________________________
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Some examples of Control Systems__________________________________________________________________
Almost everything that is around us is some type of system.
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Some examples of Control Systems__________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________Robotics
Robotics is today a great example of Control Systems, and of
Automation in particular.
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Automation is the reduction of the necessity of
human intervention.
__________________________________________________________________Robotics
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However, automation in industry do not consist in robots only.
__________________________________________________________________Robotics
Just to mention some few examples in the alimentary/food
industry: the handling of the mass (bread, cakes, cookies,
etc.); or the packing phase; or also the bottling of drinks; etc.
There are many machines which are not robots but are
automatized.
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On the other hand, today we can see robots not only in the industry:
• robots for domestic use;
• robots for medical purposes,
• robots in hospitais;
• robots for dangerous tasks or in risk zones such as:
robots to dismantling bombs;
robots to enter in radioactive zones;
robots to rescue people in fires, earthquakes, etc.;
robots that goes to the bottom of the sea, etc.
• UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicle or drones);
• AUVs (autonomous underwater vehicle)
__________________________________________________________________Robotics
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Robots for rescuing and
saving
__________________________________________________________________Robotics
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Robots in medical surgeries
__________________________________________________________________Robotics
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UAVs ‘drones’
__________________________________________________________________Robotics
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AUVs
domestic agriculture
cattle
farming
services
__________________________________________________________________Robotics
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robonaut entertainment exoskeleton
educational
__________________________________________________________________Robotics
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nanorobots
__________________________________________________________________Robotics
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humanoid robots
__________________________________________________________________Robotics
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humanoid
robots
__________________________________________________________________Robotics
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humanoid
robots
__________________________________________________________________Robotics
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humanoid
robots
__________________________________________________________________Robotics
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humanoid
robots
__________________________________________________________________Robotics
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intelligent
robots
__________________________________________________________________Robotics
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intelligent
robots
__________________________________________________________________Robotics
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intelligent
robots
__________________________________________________________________Robotics
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intelligent
robots
__________________________________________________________________Robotics
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robots in the fiction
__________________________________________________________________Robotics