Clariant Antistatic Agents

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Antistatic AgentsProduct Leaflet

Exactly your chemistry.

2Contents

Product range 3 Applications 6 Safety data 15 Position under food regulations 16 Transport and storage 18

Antistatic Agents Product leaflet

Antistatic agents are incorporated into plastics largely to avoid the negative effects of electro static charges (e.g. attraction of dust, static discharge, splashing of printing inks).

3Product range

The technical data contained in the following tables conform to our latest state of knowledge and are monitored by continuous quality controls. Furthermore, we monitor other application properties, which cannot be expressed as technical specifications. This quality control ensures maximum reliability for processing and use of our antistatic agents.

The quality assurance system of the Business Unit received certification from the German Associ ation for the Certification of Quality Systems (CQS), indicating that the requirements of DIN ISO 9001 have been entirely fulfilled.

For determination of the following product data the DGF methods the ASTM or DIN standards are applied.

DGF Testing Methods can be obtained from Wissenschaftliche Verlags ge sellschaft mbH, Birken waldstrae 44, D70191 Stuttgart.

test method

Alkali value mg KOH/g DGFMIV 4Alkane sulphonate % ISO 2271Amine value mg KOH/g DIN 16 945Calcium content % internal method Density at 23 C g/cm3 DIN 53 479, ASTM D1505Density at 50 C g/cm3 DIN 51 757Color (Gardner value) ISO4630Color (Iodine color value) DIN 6162Particle size % ISO4610Sodium sulphate % DGFHIII 8Paraffin content % ISO 893 resp. 1104Melting range C DIN 53 181Bulk density g/l ISO 60Nitrogen content % by KjeldahlSolidification point C ISO 3016Acid value mg KOH/g ISO 2114Tertiary amine % internal methodDrop point C ISO 2176Saponification mg KOH/g ISO 3681 value 1387Water content % DIN 51 777 (Karl Fischer)Viscosity at 50C mm2/s DIN 51 562Volatility % internal methodViscosity at 50C mPa.s DIN 53 018

Antistatic Agents Product Leaflet

41) = These values are part of our Standard-Delivery specifications. Please refer to our product data sheets for the exact delivery specifications of each product.

2) = These data are not part of our delivery specifications.

Characteristic values Chemical designation Color Physical form Specifications1) General product data 2)

Hostastat* FA 14 Alkali value: 200mg KOH/g Viscosity (50 C): 35mm2/s Natural based ethoxylated Clear Lowviscous liquid Water: 0.5% Solidification point: 5 C alkylamine Tert. amine: 97.5% Density (50 C): 0.9 g/cm3

Color (Gardner value): 3

Hostastat FA 24 Alkali value: 200mg KOH/g Viscosity (50 C): 36mm2/s Purified, natural based Clear Lowviscous liquid Water: 0.5% Solidification point: 5 C ethoxylated alkylamine Tert. amine: 97.5% Density (50 C): 0.9 g/cm3


Hostastat FA 68 Alkali value: 160mg KOH/g Viscosity (50 C): 40mPa.s Natural based ethoxylated White Waxy like paste Water: 0.5% Solidification point: 40 C alkylamine at room temperature Tert. amine: 97.5% Density (50 C): 0.9 g/cm3

Color (Iodine color value): max. 3

Hostastat FA 38 Nitrogen: 2.25% Drop point: 97 C Natural based ethoxylated Light yellowish Free flowing Particle size: 99%

5Antistatic Agents Product Leaflet

Characteristic values Chemical designation Color Physical form Specifications1) General product data 2)

Hostastat* FA 14 Alkali value: 200mg KOH/g Viscosity (50 C): 35mm2/s Natural based ethoxylated Clear Lowviscous liquid Water: 0.5% Solidification point: 5 C alkylamine Tert. amine: 97.5% Density (50 C): 0.9 g/cm3


Hostastat FA 24 Alkali value: 200mg KOH/g Viscosity (50 C): 36mm2/s Purified, natural based Clear Lowviscous liquid Water: 0.5% Solidification point: 5 C ethoxylated alkylamine Tert. amine: 97.5% Density (50 C): 0.9 g/cm3


Hostastat FA 68 Alkali value: 160mg KOH/g Viscosity (50 C): 40mPa.s Natural based ethoxylated White Waxy like paste Water: 0.5% Solidification point: 40 C alkylamine at room temperature Tert. amine: 97.5% Density (50 C): 0.9 g/cm3

Color (Iodine color value): max. 3

Hostastat FA 38 Nitrogen: 2.25% Drop point: 97 C Natural based ethoxylated Light yellowish Free flowing Particle size: 99%

6Applications

overview

Main application areas

Hostastat FA14 PO1) ABS

Hostastat FA 24 PO1) ABS

Hostastat FA 68 PO1) ABS

Hostastat FA 38 PO1)

Hostastat FE 1 PO1)

Hostastat FE 2 PO1)

Hostastat FE 20 PVC

Hostastat HS 1 PVC PS ABS

Due to their chemical constitution, most plastics are very good electrical insulating materials, i.e. their electrical conductivity is exceptionally low. Because of this important property, many plastics are used as insulating materials in the electrical industry. The high electrical resistivity however, leads to an undesired property, namely that the material is prone to accumulating electrostatic charges. To facilitate dissipation of the charge, antistatic agents are incorporated which, in combination with atmos pheric humidity, form a conductive film on the plastic surface. A vital requirement for the effectiveness of an antistatic agent is limited compatibility (solubility) with the polymer concerned and controlled mobility (rate of diffusion) in the matrix. For polymers with a low glass transition temperature (e.g. polyolefins), continuous migration of the antistatic agent is important to achieve an antistatic effect, whereas with polymers which have a glass transition range considerably above ambient temperature (e.g. PVC, ABS and PS), the compatibi lity at the moment of cooling is the decisive factor. The antistatic agents mentioned are added to plastics before or during processing. In many plastics they migrate continuously to the surface, where a deposit of the material can take place often even if they are frequently re moved from the surface. Possible interactions with the polymer must be borne in mind when choosing the antistatic additive (lubrication, haze, effects on thermal stability). Depending on the applications the antistatic effect reaches its optimum level either im mediately (calendered film) or after a period of time (injection moulding, extrusion). To achieve an adequate antistatic effect, it is necessary to have a certain level of humidity so that the required moisture film can be formed at the surface (as mentioned previously).

1) = PO = polyolefins

7PVC

When processing semirigid and flex ible calendered PVC film, Hostastat FE 20 is the preferred additive. It can also be used as an antistatic agent for the production of plasticized injection mouldings and ex trudates. It acts as an internal lubricant and does notcause hazing at usual addition levels of 1 phr to 2 phr 1). Since Hostastat HS 1 causes hazing with PVC in the typical quantity used of 1 phr to 1.5 phr, its prime use is in opaque rigid PVC calendered films. Its strong external lubricating effect must be taken into account during formulation. To minimize the clouding effect of Hostastat HS 1 it can be used in combination, e. g. 0.3 phr Hostastat HS 1 with 1.0 phr Hostastat FE 20. For injection mouldings and extrudates made of rigid PVC, internal antistatic agents are less suitable (at usual addition rates < 2 phr). In this case, we recommend an external treatment with an approx. 1% aqueous solution of Hostastat HS 1 2) pills. As far as possible with the production process, good antistatic effects can also be achieved by addition rates of more than 2 phr of Hostastat HS 1 (as an internal antistatic agent).

Hostastat FE 2 is also used for pro cessing rigid PVC because of its effectiveness as internal lubricant in combination with montan waxes. Diagrams 14 give an indication of the antistatic effectiveness of Hostastat HS 1 and Hostastat FE 20 in PVC.

Polyolefins

For antistatic finishing of PELD, PEHD, and PP Hostastat FA 14, FA 24 or FA 68 and Hostastat FA 38 are the most suitable products. In general, addition levels of Hostastat FA 14, FA 24 or FA 68 are 0.10.15 phr. If Hostastat FA 14 or FA 24 are drum tumbled with polyolefin granules, they may additionally act as an adhesion promoter for other powdered additives. Apart from the antistatic effect, Hostastat FA 38 acts as a processing aid when manufacturing particularly thin PEHD films and biaxially orien tated PP films (BOPP). In this connection it needs to be considered that, like with ethoxylated amines in general, an impact on printability and sealability might take place, generally, the dosage of Hostastat FA 38 ranges from 0.2 to 0.5 phr.

Direct incorporation of Hostastat FA 14, FA 24 or FA 68 in polyolefin melts by processing can lead to problems of dis persion of the antistatic agent.

Therefore, Clariant offers a range of granulated systems in which the active ingredient has been predis persed in a suitable carrier. Figures 5 15 illustrate the efficiency of Hostastat FA 14, FA 24, FA 38 and FA 68 in PELD, PEHD and PP. In addition to these products, Clariant offers Hostastat FE 1 and FE 2 for antistatic finishing of polyolefins. Because of its higher dosage of 0.5 phr to 2 phr, the pure additive can be incorporated into the polymer, thus receiving sufficient dispersion (see figures 16 and 17). In cases where an especially effective antistatic finishing is required, a syner gistic combination of Hostastat FA 14, FA 24 or FA 68 and Hostastat FE 1 or FE 2 is recommended (as shown in figure 18).

For certain PP polymerization processes Hostastat FA14, FA 24 or FA 68 are added in situ to avoid agglomeration of fines whilst shut down or startup. Addition rates are from 200300 ppm.

1) = phr: parts per hundred resin

2) = In order to achieve homogeneous surface coating, the additional use of flow control agents based on polyvinyl alcohol is recommended. We are pleased to assist our customers in selecting the appropriate agent.


8without 0.5 phr 1.0 phr

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Figures 1 and 2:Antistatic effect of Hostastat HS 1 in polyvinylchloride (PVC), measured on 1 mm plates produced on a two-roll mill as surface resistance and half-life period according to DIN 53 482; samples stored for 3 days at 23 C/50% rel. humidity.

Hostastat Hs 1 in rigid PVC, tin-stabilized

without 0.5 phr 1.0 phr

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Figures 3 and 4:Antistatic effect of Hostastat FE 20 in polyvinylchloride (PVC), measured on 1 mm plates produced on a two-roll mill as surface resistance and half-life period according to DIN 53 482; samples stored for 3 days at 23 C/50% rel. humidity.

Hostastat Fe 20 in flexible PVC, Ca/Zn-stabilized


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Figures 5 and 6:Antistatic effect of Hostastat FA 14 in high-density polyethylene, measured as surface resistance and half-life period according to DIN 53 482 on 1 mm injection moulded plates; 10 days stored at 23 C/50% rel. humidity.

Hostastat FA 14 in Pe-HD, MFR 190/2.16: 9 g/10 min

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Figures 7 and 8:Antistatic effect of Hostastat FA 14 in low-density polyethylene, measured as surface resistance and half-life period according to DIN 53 482 on 1 mm injection moulded plates; 3 days stored at 23 C/50% rel. humidity.

Hostastat FA 14 in Pe-LD, MFR 190/2.16: 2-3 g/10 min

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without 0.075 phr0.05 phr 0.10 phr 0.15 phr without 0.075 phr0.05 phr 0.10 phr 0.15 phr


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Figure 9:Antistatic effect of Hostastat FA 14 in PP, measured as surface resistance and half-life period according to DIN 53 482 on 1 mm injection moulded plates; stored at 23 C/50% rel. humidity for 21 days.

Hostastat FA 14 in PP, MFR 230/5: 1.2 g/10min

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Figure 11:Antistatic effect of Hostastat FA 38 in PP, measured as surface resistance and half-life period according to DIN 53 482 on 1 mm injection moulded plates; stored at 23 C/50% rel. humidity for 21 days.

Hostastat FA 38 in PP, MFR 230/5: 1.2 g/10min

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Figure 10:Antistatic effect of Hostastat FA 38 in PE-HD, measured as surface resis tance and half-life period according to DIN 53 482 on 1 mm injection moulded plates; stored at 23 C/50% rel. humidity for 14 days.

Hostastat FA 38 in Pe-HD, MFR 190/2.16: 9 g/10min

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without 0.12 phr Hostastat FA 68

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Figure 12:Specimen: 1mm injection moulded plates

Hostastat FA 68 in Pe-HD, MFR 190/2.16: 9 g/10min

without 0.12 phr Hostastat FA 68

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Figure 13:Specimen: 1mm injection moulded plates

Hostastat FA 68 in PP, MFR 230/ 5 : 1.2 g/10min

Hostastat FA 24 in PP, MFR 230/ 5 : 26 g/10min Hostastat FA 24 in Pe-LD, MFR 190/2.16 : 2.0 g/10min

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0.1 phr AST 163

0.1 phr Hostastat FA 24

time [days]

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Figure 14 Figure 15

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without 0.5 phr 1.5 phr 2.0 phr

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Figures 16 and 17:Antistatic effect of Hostastat FE 2 in PP, measured as surface resistance and half-life period according to DIN 53 482 on 1 mm injection moulded plates; stored at 23 C/50% rel. humidity for 21 days.

Hostastat Fe 2 in PP, MFR 230/5: 1.2 g/10min

Figure 18:Antistatic efficiency of a mixture of Hostastat FE 2 and Hostastat FA 14 in PP, measured as surface resistance according to DIN 53 482 on 1 mm injection moulded plates at 23 C/50% rel. humidity.

synergistic mixture of Hostastat Fe 2 and Hostastat FA 14 in PP, MFR 230/5: 1.2 g/190min

without

after storage for 5 days

0.5 phr Hostastat

Fe 2


0.35 phr Hostastat Fe 2 +0.15 phr Hostastat FA 14

without

after storage for 21 days

0.5 phr Hostastat

Fe 2


0.35 phr Hostastat Fe 2 +0.15 phr Hostastat FA 14

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Polystyrene and ABs

Hostastat HS 1 is the preferred antistatic agent for poly styrene (PS and PSHI). The dosage level is 1.5 to 2.5 phr. These addition levels lead to a reduction in transparency of general purpose PS. Therefore, the application should be limited to opaque articles. Furthermore, Hostastat FA 14, FA 24 or FA 68 and Hostastat FE 20 can be used in polystyrene, the addition rates are 0.5 to 1.0 phr (Hostastat FA 14, FA 24, FA 68) or 1.0 to 2.0 phr (Hostastat FE 20), e.g. if liquid coloring agents are involved.

For styrene co and graftpolymers, such as ABS, either Hostastat HS 1 with addition levels of 2.0 to 3.0 phr or Hostastat FA 14, FA 24 or FA 68 at 0.5 to 1.0 phr is incorporated.

Diagrams 1924 give a few examples of the antistatic effect of Hostastat HS 1 in polystyrene, high impact polystyrene and ABS.

Hostastat Hs 1 in Ps, MFR 200/5: 26 g /10min

Figures 19 and 20:Antistatic effect of Hostastat HS 1 in polystyrene, measured as surface resistance and half-life period according to DIN 53 482 on 1 mm injection moulded plates; 1 day stored at 23 C/50% rel. humidity.

14


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Figures 21 and 22:Antistatic effect of Hostastat HS 1 in high impact polystyrene, measured as surface resistance and half-life period according to DIN 53 482 on 1 mm injection moulded plates; 14 days stored at 23 C/50% rel. humidity.

Hostastat Hs 1 in high impact Ps, MFR 200/5: 9.5 g/10min

Figures 23 and 24:Antistatic effect of Hostastat HS 1 in ABS, measured as surface resistance and half-life period according to DIN 53 482 on 1 mm injection moulded plates; 14 days stored at 23 C/50% rel. humidity.

Hostastat Hs 1 in ABs, MFR 200/10: ca. 3 g/10min

15

safety data

toxicological properties

The acute oral toxicity (LD50) values are as follows:

Hostastat HS 1 5002000 mg/kg (rat) Hostastat FE 1 > 2000 mg/kg (rat) Hostastat FE 2 > 2000 mg/kg (mouse) Hostastat FE 20 > 2000 mg/kg (rat) Hostastat FA 14 5002000 mg/kg (rat) Hostastat FA 24 5002000 mg/kg (rat) Hostastat FA 68 > 2000 mg/kg (rat) Hostastat FA 38 > 2000 mg/kg (rat)

Because of their alkaline nature Hostastat FA 14, FA 24, FA 68 and Hostastat FA 38 are strong irritants and particularly strong mucous membrane irritants. As for handling these materials, the usual precautions must therefore be taken to avoid contact with such substances (gloves, goggles).

ecological properties

If handled correctly, Hostastat FE 1, FE 2 and Hostastat FE 20 present no problems in waste water disposal. Mechanical separation in water treatment plants is possible. The other Hostastat grades must not be discharged into waste water, as they have a fish toxicity of 0.1 mg to 10 mg/l. The COD eliminability (static test) is between 20652600mg/g CSB value.

Status according to the German federal regula tions on hazardous substancesHostastat FE 1, FE 2 and Hostastat FE 20 are not dangerous substances within the definition of these regulations. Hostastat FA14 and FA 24 are defined as corrosive, (C) and environmentally ha z ard ous, (N) and should be marked with warning label R 22, R 34, R 41, R 50/53 for FA 14 and R 22, 34, 50 for FA 24. Hostastat FA 68 and Hostastat FA 38 are defined as irritant, (Xi) and environmentally hazardous, (N) and require warning label R 38, R 41, R 50/53. Hostastat HS 1 needs the labelling corrosive, (C) and warning label R 22, R 34. For further information please see safety data sheet.

Position under food regulationsOur antistatic agents comply with numerous regulations as shown in the table position under food regulations. For details of national recommendations, guidelines and regulations on addition and migration limits, the relevant official publications should be referred to.


16

Position under food regulations

Country Publications, Directives, Regulations Maximum content in polymers (% by weight)

Hostastat HS 1 Hostastat FA 14 Hostastat FA 38 Hostastat FA 68 Hostastat FE 1 Hostastat FE 20 Hostastat FA 24 Hostastat FE 2

UsA Code of federal regulations Food and Drug Administration 175.300 Coatings 3.0

Title 21 178.3130 Antistatic and/or PO film 0.1 0.1 0.18 0.1

antifogging agents PE containers 0.27 0.15

in food packaging PS and rubber

materials modified PS 3.0

178.3400 Emulsifiers and/or PVC 2.6

surface active PS and rubber

agents modified PS 3.0

eU 2002/72/EC and Effective in all member states All plastics No. 34230 No. 39090 No. 39090 No. 39090 No. 56585 No. 30960

amendments since January 2010 (Positive List) SML 6 mg/kg SML 1.2 mg/kg SML 1.2 mg/kg SML 1.2 mg/kg Unlimited Unlimited

Ref. No.

Japan Code of Japan Positive list PVC 2.0 Unlimited Unlimited

Hygienic Associations PE 3.0 0.5 0.9 Unlimited Unlimited

PP 3.0 0.2 0.36 0.2 Unlimited Unlimited

PS 3.0 2.0 3.6 2.0 Unlimited Unlimited

ABS 3.0 2.0 3.6 2.0 Unlimited Unlimited

17

Country Publications, Directives, Regulations Maximum content in polymers (% by weight)

Hostastat HS 1 Hostastat FA 14 Hostastat FA 38 Hostastat FA 68 Hostastat FE 1 Hostastat FE 20 Hostastat FA 24 Hostastat FE 2

UsA Code of federal regulations Food and Drug Administration 175.300 Coatings 3.0

Title 21 178.3130 Antistatic and/or PO film 0.1 0.1 0.18 0.1

antifogging agents PE containers 0.27 0.15

in food packaging PS and rubber

materials modified PS 3.0

178.3400 Emulsifiers and/or PVC 2.6

surface active PS and rubber

agents modified PS 3.0

eU 2002/72/EC and Effective in all member states All plastics No. 34230 No. 39090 No. 39090 No. 39090 No. 56585 No. 30960

amendments since January 2010 (Positive List) SML 6 mg/kg SML 1.2 mg/kg SML 1.2 mg/kg SML 1.2 mg/kg Unlimited Unlimited

Ref. No.

Japan Code of Japan Positive list PVC 2.0 Unlimited Unlimited

Hygienic Associations PE 3.0 0.5 0.9 Unlimited Unlimited

PP 3.0 0.2 0.36 0.2 Unlimited Unlimited

PS 3.0 2.0 3.6 2.0 Unlimited Unlimited

ABS 3.0 2.0 3.6 2.0 Unlimited Unlimited

= For the active ingredients


18

transport and storage

Packaging

Hostastat Hs 1 20 kg net bags/ free flowing 1,000 kg pallet 25 kg net bags/pills 500 kg pallet 20 kg net bags/pills Zn 500 kg pallet Hostastat Fe 1 25 kg net PE bags 500 kg pallet Hostastat Fe 2 25 kg net PE bags 750 kg pallet Hostastat Fe 20 180 kg net metal drums 720 kg pallet Hostastat FA 14 180 kg net metal drums 720 kg pallet Hostastat FA 24 180 kg net metal drums 720 kg pallet Hostastat FA 38 25 kg cardboard with PE Inliner 500 kg pallet Hostastat FA 68 175 kg net metal drums 700 kg pallet

19

storage When transporting or storing Hostastat FA 14 and FA 24 below solidifi cation point ( 5 C) flocculation can occur. This can be eliminated by gentle warming and homogenization (stirring up) and does not impair the product quality.

The products should be stored dry and at room temperature. Because of the hygroscopic nature of the products it is essential that package and storage containers are tightly closed at all times. As far as Hostastat FA 38 is concerned, lump formation may occur under disadvantageous storage conditions. When obeying the above mentioned instructions, the closed units can be stored for at least 6 months.


This information corresponds to the present state of our knowledge and is intended as a general description of our products and their possible applications. Clariant makes no warranties, express or implied, as to the informations accuracy, adequacy, sufficiency or freedom from defect and assumes no liability in connection with any use of this information. Any user of this product is responsible for determining the suitability of Clariants products for its particular application. * Nothing included in this information waives any of Clariants General Terms and Conditions of Sale, which control unless it agrees otherwise in writing. Any existing intellectual/industrial property rights must be observed. Due to possible changes in our products and applicable national and international regulations and laws, the status of our products could change. Material Safety Data Sheets providing safety precautions, that should be observed when handling or storing Clariant products, are available upon request and are provided in compliance with applicable law. You should obtain and review the applicable Material Safety Data Sheet information before handling any of these products. For additional information, please contact Clariant.

* For sales to customers located within the United states and Canada the following applies in addition: NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY IS MADE OF THE MERCHANTABILITY, SUITABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR OTHERWISE OF ANY PRODUCT OR SERVICE.

* = Product and service marks licensed to Clariant in many countries

= Clariant International Ltd, 2010 DA 3217 E_

10/10

www.additives.clariant.com Headquarters: Clariant International Ltd Business Unit Additives Business Line Polymer AdditivesMarketing Polymer AdditivesRothausstrasse 61 4132 Muttenz SwitzerlandPhone: +41614697912Fax: +41614697550 Global Marketing and technical Center:Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH Business Unit Additives Business Line Polymer AdditivesLudwigHermannStr. 100 86368 Gersthofen GermanyPhone: +498214792470Fax: +498214792968

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