Clandestine CartographyClandestine Cartography

Part 3: The Imagery and its Part 3: The Imagery and its UsesUses

TALENT/TALENT/KEYHOLEKEYHOLE

Mapping vs. IntelligenceMapping vs. Intelligence

ARGON (KH-5) “frame camera” had reseaus for mapping

Necessary for registering KH-1…4B stripsCompetition at first between CIA and Air

Force (SAC targeting)Later KH-5 replaced by DISIC mapping

camera

Geodesy and WGS70Geodesy and WGS70

Mission 9009: 18 August 1960Mission 9009: 18 August 1960

Coverage: Denied territory, Coverage: Denied territory, but…but…

Soviet SA-2 Launch SiteSoviet SA-2 Launch Site

KH-5 Argon Santa Barbara KH-5 Argon Santa Barbara ChannelChannel

Santa Rosa Island in 1967Santa Rosa Island in 1967

Early KH PentagonEarly KH Pentagon

CORONA/SPOT Pan comparisonCORONA/SPOT Pan comparison

Mass imageryMass imagery

GeoregistrationMultiple copiesMosaicingRevisit and change detectionAll needed new hardware, training,

methods etc

PIC (Steuart Bldg) 5PIC (Steuart Bldg) 5thth and K Sts., NW and K Sts., NW (Navy Yard Bldg 213 in January 1963)(Navy Yard Bldg 213 in January 1963)

Kodak Film Kodak Film ProcessorProcessor

Budget PressureBudget Pressure

NRO/CIA budget also deep blackOMB and congress seek to make use of

money already spent as mission became less critical

1973 OMB report acknowledges civil roleCivil backs up intelligence/military (e.g.

Gulf War I)

New UsesNew Uses

USGS Building E-1 “Special Mapping Centers” “The USGS became the largest civil agency user

of the CORONA imagery” (Baclawski, 1997) EPA, Forest Service, FEMA: Civil Applications

Committee 1975, Medea Technology for cartography, UPDRAMS,

UNAMACE, AS-11 Birth of GIS and remote sensing “A Pandora’s box of potential applications”

White, Gray and BlackWhite, Gray and Black

Leaks A and B– Secret sentries in Space 1971– Deep Black 1986– Photogrammetric Engineering

Eugene Fubini: DISIC, mapping and multiuse Gemini: Control and reuse of components Apollo Lunar Mapping Camera: SAMOS Geodetic mapping: DMA 1972 ERTS 1972: NRO/Air Force vs NASA (Landsat 7

and stereo)

Deep BlackDeep BlackBurrows (1986)Burrows (1986)

CAC CharterCAC Charter

“…facilitate civilian agencies’ use of classified systems and coordinate the incorporation of photography, derived data, and technology in performance of domestic civilian functions…”

Dredging and Dredging and gold extractiongold extraction

Tsaidam Basin China: RED DOTTsaidam Basin China: RED DOT

Autometrics: Africa MosaicAutometrics: Africa Mosaic

CORONA CORONA and and archeologyarcheology

Goleta, CA: 24K RevisionGoleta, CA: 24K Revision

TodayToday

CORONA archives open, images at Sioux Falls and in National Archives 1995

NRO acknowledged 1992 All since KH-9, most of SAMOS etc still T-K Executive Order 12951 in 1995, five year promise

completed in 2002 Many uses of CORONA in environmental and

historical work

CORONA and CORONA and GLIS/EarthExplorerGLIS/EarthExplorer

KH-7 Hanoi 6/11/67KH-7 Hanoi 6/11/67

KH-7 Moscow 4/6/79KH-7 Moscow 4/6/79

KH-9 Buenos Aires 10/31/74KH-9 Buenos Aires 10/31/74