Cladograms
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Transcript of Cladograms
CLADOGRAMS
DE
TE
RM
I NI N
G E
VO
L UT
I ON
AR
Y R
EL A
TI O
NS
HI P
S
Which type of plant is most closely related to flowering
plants?CONIFERS
HISTORY OF CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS
o Aristotle – Plants and Animals o Linneaus – developed BINOMIAL
NOMENCLATUREo TWO KINGDOMS: plants and
animalso THREE kingdoms: plant,
animal, Protisto FIVE kingdoms: plant, animal,
Protist, fungi, Moneran
CLASSIFICATION
K
•Kingdom
P
•Phylum
C
•Class
O
•Order
F
•Family
G
•Genus
S
•Species
Scientific name is genus and species name. Organisms in same genus are closely related
FIVE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION
Moneran• Bacteria• Prokaryotic• No nucleus• Have cell wall• Unicellular• Can be
heterotrophic or autotrophic
Protist• Protozoans,
algae• Eukaryotic• Have nucleus• Some have cell
wall• Mainly
unicellular• Can be
heterotrophic or autotrophic
Fungi• Mushroom,
yeast• Eukaryotic• Have nucleus• Have cell wall• Mainly
multicellular• heterotrophic
Plant• Moss, fern,
trees, flowers• Eukaryotic• Have nucleus• Have cell wall• All multicellular• autotrophic
Animal• Sponge,
annelids, amphibians, birds, mammals
• Eukaryotic• Have nucleus• No cell wall• All multicellular• heterotrophic
DICHOTOMOUS KEY
• Always begin with #1• Follow directions using choices given• What shape is “Gina”?• Equilateral triangle
TYPES OF PLANTS
Bryophytes• Non-vascular
• No xylem or phloem• Examples are mosses• They are small• Have to be near water• No pollen, seeds, flowers, or
fruits
Gymnosperms• Vascular
• Xylem to move water• Phloem to move food
• Examples are conifers• Have pollen (sperm)• Have seeds on cones• No fruits or flowers
Angiosperms• Vascular
• Xylem to move water• Phloem to move food
• Examples are flowering plants like oak trees, corn, and roses
• Have pollen (sperm)• Have seeds in fruits• Have flowers
PLANT ADAPTATIONS
R O O T , S T E M , L E A F
Roots are adapted to absorb water with root hairsLeaves are adapted for photosynthesis by being flat and greenStems move water with xylem
F L O W E R S A N D F R U I T S
Flowers have bright petals to attract pollinators
Pollen (Sperm) can be transferred by animals
When egg joins with pollen, a seed is formed in the ovary
The ovary becomes the fruit
Fruit surrounds and protects seed
Fruit also helps get baby plants in seeds away from parent plant
TYPES OF ANIMALS
Annelids•Segmented worms•No backbone•“breathe” through skin
•Closed circulatory system
•External fertilization•External development
Insects•No backbome•Three body segments
•Six legs•Wings•Open circulatory system
•External fertilization•Females may store sperm
•External development
•metamorphosis
Amphibians•Have backbone•Moist skin•Gills when young, lungs when adult
•Three chambered heart
•Cold-blooded•External fertilization•External development
•Metamorphosils•Jelly like egg
Mammals•Backbone•Hair•Milk glands•Lungs•Four chambered heart
•Warm-blooded•Internal fertilization•Internal development
•Amniote egg