CIW Training Materials Computer Hdwe

8/17/2019 CIW Training Materials Computer Hdwe

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ciw-training-materials-computer-hdwe 1/140

Basics of PC Assembly,Troubleshooting &

MaintenancePrepared by: Rosalina R Estacio

Jose Rizal UniversityCollege of Computer Studies and EngineeringComputer/Electronics Engineering Department

Computer Literacy ProgramCorrectional Institute for omen

January !!" !#$%



earning !b"ecti#es

• $dentify the basic part of a computer system

• %escribe the parts and function of themotherboard

• Assemble and disassemble a computer system

• Test a 'or(ing computer system

• Appreciate the importance of PC maintenance

• $dentify basic troubleshooting guides andtechni)ues



Basic Personal Computer

*ystem A computer system consists of hardware and softwarecomponents.

Hardware is the physical equipment such as the case,

storage drives, keyboards, monitors, cables, speakers,and printers.

Software is the operatingsystem and programs.

The operating systeminstructs the computer howto operate.

rograms or applications

perform different functions.



Computer Cases and

Po'er *uppliesComputer case

• Pro#ides protection and support for internalcomponents

• *hould be durable, easy to ser#ice, and ha#e enoughroom for e+pansion

Power supply

• Con#erts AC po'er from the'all soc(et into %C

• Must pro#ide enough po'erfor the installed componentsand future additions



Computer Cases

• Contain the frame'or( tosupport and encloseinternal components of thecomputer

• Typically made of plastic,steel, and aluminum

• A#ailable in a #ariety ofstyles

• The sie and layout of acase is called a form factor

• %esigned to (eep internalcomponents cool

• -elps to pre#ent damage

from static electricity



Po'er *upplies• The po'er supply con#erts alternating.current

/AC0 po'er coming from a 'all outlet into direct.current /%C0 po'er, 'hich is a lo'er #oltage

• %C po'er is re)uired for all of the componentsinside the computer

• Cables, connectors, andcomponents are designed

to 1t together snugly2e#er force any connectoror component



Po'er *upplies

CAUTION: %o not opena po'er supply

Electronic capacitorslocated inside of apo'er supply can holda charge for e+tended

periods of time



$nternal Parts of

Computer• Motherboard

• CP3

• Memory

• 4ideo Card

• Po'er *upply

• -ard %is(

• C%5%4% Rom %ri#e

• $%E Cable



Motherboards

• The main printed circuit board

• Contains the buses, or electricalpath'ays found in a computer

Buses allo' data to tra#elamong the #arious components

• Also (no'n as the system board,the bac(plane, or the main board

• Accommodates CP3, RAM, e+pansion slots, heatsin(5fan assembly, B$!* chip, chip set, soc(ets,internal and e+ternal connectors, #arious ports,and the embedded 'ires that interconnect the

motherboard components



Motherboard 6orm

6actors• The form factor of motherboards pertains to the sie andshape of the board

• $t also describes the physical layout of the di7erentcomponents and de#ices on the motherboard

• 4arious form factors e+ist for motherboards

AT 8 Ad#anced Technology

AT9 8 Ad#anced Technology E+tended

Mini.AT9 8 *maller footprint of AT9Micro.AT9 8 *maller footprint of AT9

P9 8 o'.pro1le E+tended

29 8 2e' o'.pro1le E+tended

BT9 8 Balanced Technology E+tended



Motherboard %esign



http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kHCk15xhQIA/UBzG7HoMvHI/AAAAAAAAAFc/eUUIeOfEdMk/s1600/motherboard-labelled5.jpg



Microprocessor

• A microprocessor .. also

(no'n as a CPU or centralprocessing unit .. is acomplete computationengine that is fabricatedon a single chip



Central Processing 3nit

/CP30

• Most important element of a computer system

E+ecutes a program, 'hich is a se)uence ofstored instructions

• T'o ma"or CP3 architectures related toinstruction sets:

Reduced Instruction Set Computer /RISC0

Complex Instruction Set Computer /CISC0



Microprocessor %esign



CP3 *oc(ets

• A CP3 soc(et or CP3 slot is an

electrical component that attaches to aprinted circuit board /PCB0 and isdesigned to house a CP3 /also called amicroprocessor0 CP3 soc(et structureis largely dependent on the pac(aging of

the CP3 it is designed to house



Types of Processor *oc(ets or*lots

• Most CP3s are based onthe pin grid array /PA0architecture in 'hichshort, sti7 pins arearranged in a grid on the

underside of the processorare mated 'ith holes inthe soc(et To minimiethe ris( of bent pins, eroinsertion force /;$60soc(ets allo' theprocessor to be inserted'ithout any resistance andthen loc( in place 'ith ale#er or latch mechanismPGA Processor Slot



*!T Type CP3 *lotSLOT TYPE CPU

slot - are single-edged

connectorssimilarto expansionslots, into whicha PCB holding aprocessor is

inserted.



and rid Array

Land grid array (LGA) -the socket contains pinsthat make contact with

pads or lands on thebottom of the processorpackage.



Chipset . Refers to aspeci1c pair of chipson the motherboard:the 2!RT-BR$%Eand the*!3T-BR$%EThenorthbridge lin(s theCP3 to #ery high.speed de#ices,

especially mainmemory and graphicscontrollers



The *outhbridge Chipset

• The southbridge connects to lo'er.speedperipheral buses /such as PC$ or $*A0

• $n many modern chipsets,the southbridge actually contains some on.chipintegrated peripherals, such as Ethernet, 3*B,and audio de#ices

• A chipset is usually designed to 'or( 'ith a

speci1c family of microprocessors Because itcontrols communications bet'een the processorand e+ternal de#ices, the chipset plays a crucialrole in determining system performance



Cooling *ystems• Electronic components

generate heat Too much heatcan damage components

• A case fan ma(es the coolingprocess more e7icient

• A eat sin! dra's heat a'ayfrom the core of the CP3 A fanon top of the heat sin( mo#es

the heat a'ay from the CP3

• 6ans are dedicated to cool the"rapics#processin$ unit%"PU&

!ase "an

!# "an



B$!* or Basic $nput !utput*ystem

• A main function of the B$!* is to gi#e

instructions for the po'er.on self test

/P!*T0This self test ensures that thecomputer has all of the necessary parts andfunctionality needed to successfully startitself, such as use of memory, a (eyboard andother parts $f errors are detected during the

test, the B$!* instruct the computer to gi#ea code that re#eals the problem ComputerError codes are typically a series of beepsheard shortly after startup



CM!*

• Carbon Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor(CMOS) . is a technology for ma(ing

integrated circuits CM!* technology is usedin microprocessors, microcontrollers, staticRAM, and other digital logic circuits CM!*technology is also used for a 'ide #ariety ofanalog circuits such as image sensors, datacon#erters, and highly integrated transcei#ersfor many types of communication 6ran(=anlass successfully patented CM!* in >?@/3* Patent ,@,DD0



• CMOS Battery . $sa button cell batterythat gi#es po'er toCM!* so that the Biossetting is retain 'hen

the PC is turn o7



Memory

• 'emory . is technically

any form of electronicstorage, it is used mostoften to identify fast,

temporary forms ofstorage



Read.only Memory

/R!M0ROMTypes

ROM Types Description

ROM Read-only memory chipsInformation is written to a ROM chip when it ismanufactured. A ROM chip cannot be erased orre-written and can become obsolete.

PROMProgrammable read-onlymemory

Information is written to a PROM chip after it ismanufactured. A PROM chip cannot be erasedor re-written.

PROM rasable programmableread-only memory

Information is written to an PROM chip after it

is manufactured. An PROM chip can be erasedwith e!posure to "# light. $pecial e%uipment isre%uired.

PROMlectrically erasableprogrammable read-onlymemory

Information is written to an PROM chip afterit is manufactured. PROM chips are alsocalled &lash ROMs. An PROM chip can beerased and re-written without ha'ing to remo'e

the chip from the computer.

$asic instructions for booting the computer and loading theoperating system are stored in %&'.



Random.access Memory

/RAM0• Temporary storage for data and programs that are beingaccessed by the CP3

• 4olatile memory, 'hich means that the contents are erased'hen the computer is po'ered o7

• More RAM means more capacity to hold and process large

programs and 1les, as 'ell as enhance system performance

• Types of RAM:

%ynamic Random Access Memory /%RAM0

*tatic Random Access Memory /*RAM0

6ast Page Mode %RAM /6PM Memory0

E+tended %ata !ut RAM /E%! Memory0

*ynchronous %RAM /*%RAM0

%ouble %ata Rate *%RAM /%%R *%RAM0

%ouble %ata Rate *%RAM /%%R *%RAM0

RAMBus %RAM /R%RAM0



Types of Memory *oc(et or

*lot

• Memory Socket or Slot . is commonly

refers to the slot in a motherboard 'erethe e+tended memory modules areinstalled

S!! "Single-inline-memor# mod$le% slot,&' pins



Memory Modules

• %ual $nline Pac(age /(IP0 is an indi#idual memorychip A %$P had dual ro's of pins used to attach itto the motherboard

• *ingle $nline Memory Module /SI''0 is a smallcircuit board that holds se#eral memory chips*$MMs ha#e F.pin and .pin con1gurations

• RAM Bus $nline Memory Module /RI''0 is acircuit board that holds R%RAM chips A typical

R$MM has a >DG.pin con1guration



%$MMs

($al nline !emor# !od$le "DI&&% is a circ$it board thatholds S()A!, (() S()A!, and (()' S()A! chips. *here are+-pin S()A! (!!s, +-pin (() (!!s, and '/-pin(()' (!!s.



DDR (Dual/Double Data Rate) DIMM slot. 184 edgecontacts (DDR 1)



(() "($al0(o$ble (ata )ate% (!! slot. '/ edge contacts"(() ' 0 1%



SODIMM (SO-DIMM is short for Small Outline DIMM ) Slot A 72-pinand 144-pin configuration SO-DIMMs are commonl! utili"ed in

laptop computers



Computer *ystem

E+pansion *lots

• The E+pansion slot is a type of slot that

connects an e+pansion bus /Adaptercard0, 'hich allo's the processor tocommunicate 'ith peripheral attachedto the adapter card %ata is transmittedto the memory or the processor tra#els

from the e+pansion slot #ia thee+pansion bus and the system bus



The $*A *lot

ISA SLOT - nd$str# Standard Architect$re, is an a bit and

+ bit wide b$s, and r$ns at .&& mh2. *he SA b$s wasde3eloped b# a team lead b# !ark (ean at B! as part ofthe B! PC pro4ect in +5+. t was originated as an -bits#stem and was extended in +51 for the 6* s#stemarchitect$re. *he newer +-bit standard, the B! A* b$s,was introd$ced in +5.



AP *lot

AGP SLOT - Accelerated Graphics Port, alsocalled Ad3anced Graphics Port, often shortened to AGP it is ahigh-speed point-to-point channel for attaching a graphicscard to a comp$ter7s motherboard, primaril# to assist in theacceleration of 1( comp$ter graphics. AGP controller is onl#capable of controlling a single de3ice.



PC$ *lot

PCI SLOT - Peripheral Component nterconnect is aspeci8cation that de8nes a 1'-bit data b$s interface.PC is a standard widel# $sed b# expansioncard man$fact$rers.



Types of PC$ *lots

• PCI – . is a computer e+pansion card interfaceformat introduced by $ntel in FFG $t 'as designed

to replace the general purpose PC$ e+pansion bus

• PC$e >> /the most common #ersion as of FF0each lane carries F MB5s

• PC$e F doubles the bus standardHs band'idthfrom bit5s to bit5s, meaning a +

connector can transfer data at up to >@ B5s ineach direction• PC$ E+press F 'ill carry a bit rate of D giga

transfers per second



PC$ E+press



!ther E+pansion *lots

• !M" S#O$ . Audio Modem Riser, $s a riser card thatsupports sound or modem function

• • !C" S#O$ . Ad#ance Communication Riser, this type

of slot is for communication and audio subsystem Theslot supports modem, audio, A2, and -ome Phoneline2et'or(ing Alliance /-P2A0 or -ome 2et'or(ingcards

•

• C%" S#O$ . Communications net'or( riser, thisconnector supports specially designed net'or(, audio,or modem riser cards, main processing is done throughsoft'are and controlled by the motherboardIs systemchipset

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard



Adapter Cards

$ncrease the functionality of a computer by addingcontrollers for speci1c de#ices or by replacingmalfunctioning ports

• E+amples of adapter cards:*ound adapter and #ideo adapter

3*B, parallel, and serial ports

RA$% adapter and *C*$ adapter

2et'or( $nterface Card /2$C0,'ireless 2$C, and modem adapter



4ideo Card• A )ideo card, /also

referred to as a

$rapics acceleratorcard, display adapter ,$rapics card, andnumerous other terms0,is an item ofpersonal computer hard'are 'hose functionis to generate and outputimages to a display

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardware

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_display

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_display

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardware

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer



-ard %ri#es and 6loppy

%ri#es• Reads or 'rites information to magnetic oroptical storage media

• May be 1+ed or remo#able

• The ard dis! dri)e %*((& is amagnetic storage de#ice installedinside the computer The storagecapacity is measured in gigabytes /B0

A floppy dis( dri'e )&DD* is storagedevice that uses removable (.) inchfloppy disks that can store *.++ '$ ofdata.



!ptical %ri#es and 6lash

%ri#es• An optical dri)e is a storage de#ice that useslasers to read data on the optical media Thet'o types are C% and %4%

• A +as dri)e is a remo#able storage de#ice that connects

to a 3*B port A Jash dri#e uses a typeof memory that re)uires no po'er to maintain thedata

• *ome common dri#e interfaces:

$ntegrated %ri#e Electronics /$%E0

Enhanced $ntegrated %ri#e Electronics /E$%E0

Parallel ATA /PATA0

*erial ATA /*ATA0

*mall Computer *ystem $nterface /*C*$0



$%E Controller

IDE CONTROLLER - ntegrated(ri3e 9lectronics, Parallel A*A

"PA*A% is an interface standardfor the connection of storagede3ices s$ch as hard disks,solid-state dri3es, and C(-):!dri3es in comp$ters. t $ses the$nderl#ing A* Attachment and

A* Attachment Packet nterface"A*A0A*AP% standards



• &'' CO%$"O##" .6loppy %is( %ri#e, anonboard Joppy dri#econtroller 'hich ma(e

your 6loppy %is( %ri#e

operational



• S!$! CO%$"O##" . *erial Ad#ancedTechnology Attachment is a computer bus

primarily designed for transfer of data bet'eena computer and storage de#ices /li(e hard dis(dri#es or optical dri#es0

• *ATA > bit5s• *ATA F bit5s

• *ATA @F bit5s



*ATA Controller

SATA CONTROLLER - SerialAd3anced *echnolog#

Attachment is a comp$terb$s primaril# designed fortransfer of data betweena comp$ter andstorage de3ices "like harddisk dri3es or optical

dri3es%.

SA*A +.; Gbit0sSA*A 1./ Gbit0sSA*A ./ Gbit0s



$nternal Cables%ata cables connect dri#es to the dri#e

controller, 'hich is located on an adapter cardor on the motherboard

• 6loppy dis( dri#e /6%%0 data cable• PATA /$%E0 data cable

• PATA /E$%E0 data cable

• *ATA data cable• *C*$ data cable



$%E Cable %esign

*his cable will work 8ne in two-dri3e con8g$rations, b$tthere is a drawback< it7s s$boptimal for one-dri3einstallations. *hese high-speed disk cables reall# sho$ldalways ha3e a dri3e on the ph#sical far end of the cable tored$ce noise on the b$s, b$t this cable p$ts the single dri3ein the middle



*ATA Cable %esign



Po'er *upply

• $n a personal computer /PC0, the

po'er supply is the metal bo+usually found in a corner of thecase The po'er supply is #isiblefrom the bac( of many systems

because it contains the po'er.cord receptacle and the coolingfan



Po'er *upply %esign



Po'er *upply connectors

• These connectors are for po'er supply,the po'er supply plugs are designed to1t these connectors in only oneorientation

• AT 5 AT9• Au+iliary po'er



Types of Po'er *upply Terminal

C ti th P C bl



Berg

Connecting the Po'er Cables

S'(' power connectors $se either a &-pin or +;-pin connector to connect tohard disk dri3es, optical dri3es, or an#de3ices that ha3e a SA*A power socket.

&ole) power connectors are $sed b#hard disk dri3es and optical dri3es thatdo not ha3e SA*A power sockets.

C'U(I*+, (o not $se a !olex

connector and a SA*A power connectoron the same dri3e at the same time.

-pin -erg power connector s$ppliespower to a =opp# dri3e.

SA*A

!olex



*erial Ports and Cables

• A serial port can be either a%B.?, as sho'n, or a %B.male connector

• *erial ports transmit one bitof data at a time

• To connect a serial de#ice,such as a modem or printer,

a serial cable must be used• A serial cable has a

ma+imum length of F feet/> m0



3*B Ports and Cables

• 3*B is a standard interface forconnecting peripheral de#ices toa computer

• 3*B de#ices are hot.s'appable

• 3*B ports are found on

computers,cameras, printers, scanners,storage de#ices, and many otherelectronic de#ices

• A single 3*B port in a computercan support up to > separate

de#ices 'ith the use of multiple3*B hubs



6ire=ire Ports and

Cables• 6ire=ire is a high.speed,hot.s'appable interface

• A single 6ire=ire port in a computercan support up to @ de#ices

• The $EEE >?Ga standard supportsdata rates up to GFF Mbps and cablelengths up to > feet /G m0 Thisstandard uses a @.pin connector or aG.pin connector

• The $EEE >?Gb standard supportsdata rates in e+cess of DFF Mbps anduses a ?.pin connector



Parallel Ports and Cables• Parallel ports can transmitD bits of data at one timeand use the $EEE >DGstandard

• To connect a parallelde#ice, such as a printer, aparallel cable must beused

• A parallel cable has ama+imum length of > feet/G m0



*C*$ Ports and Cables• A *C*$ port can transmit data at rates ine+cess of F Mbps and can support upto > de#ices

• Three di7erent types of *C*$ ports:

%B. female connector

-igh.density F.pin female connector

-igh.density @D.pin female connector

• NOT,: *C*$ de#ices must be terminated at the

endpoints of the *C*$ chain Chec( the de#icemanual for termination procedures

• CAUTION: *ome *C*$ connectors resembleparallel connectors The #oltage used in the

*C*$ format may damage the parallel interface



2et'or( Ports and

Cables• A net'or( port, also (no'n as an RK.G port,connects a computer to a net'or(

• *tandard Ethernet can transmit up to >FMbps

• 6ast Ethernet can transmit up to >FF Mbps

• igabit Ethernet can transmit up to >FFFMbps

• The ma+imum length of net'or( cable is Dfeet />FF m0



P*5 Ports and Audio

Ports• A P*5 port connects a (eyboard or amouse to a computer

• The P*5 port is a @.pin mini.%$2female connector

ine -n connects to an eternal source

'icrophone -n connects to a microphone

ine &ut connects to speakers or headphones

/ameport0'-1- connectsto a 2oystick or'-1-3interfaced device



4ideo Ports A video port connects a

monitor cable to a computer.

4ideo /raphics Array 54/A6

1igital 4isual -nterface 514-6

High31efinition 'ultimedia-nterface 5H1'i6

S34ideo

!omponent0%/$



$nput %e#ices$nput de#ices used to enter data orinstructions into a computer:

• Mouse and Leyboard

• %igital camera and digital #ideocamera

• Biometric authentication de#ice

• Touch screen

• *canner

"ingerprint scanner

1igital camera



Monitors and Pro"ectorsThe most important di7erencebet'een these monitor types is thetechnology used to create an image:

• Cathode.ray tube /CRT0 monitor is

the most common monitor type Mosttele#isions also use this technology

• i)uid crystal display /C%0 iscommonly used in laptops and some

pro"ectors C% comes in t'o forms,acti#e matri+ and passi#e matri+

• %igital light processing /%P0 isanother technology used inpro"ectors



!ther !utput %e#ices• Printers- Scanners- and .ax

'acines . Printers are outputde#ices that create hard copies ofcomputer 1les !ther all.in.one type

printers are designed to pro#idemultiple ser#ices such as printing,fa+, and copier functions

• Spea!ers and eadpones areoutput de#ices for audio signals

Most computers ha#e audio supporteither integrated into the motherboardor on an adapter card

Audio support includes ports that allo'

input and output of audio signals

$pea(ers

+eadphone



Part $$

•PC A**EMB

P t A ti iti



Part 8 Acti#ities

> !pen the case

$nstall the po'er supply

Attach the components to the motherboardand install the motherboard

G $nstall internal dri#es $nstall dri#es in e+ternal bays

@ $nstall adapter cards

Connect all internal cablesD Re.attach the side panels and connect

e+ternal cables to the computer

? Boot the computer for the 1rst time

$ntroduction



$ntroduction

Comp$ter assembl# is a large part of a technician7s 4ob.

> ?ork in a logical, methodical manner when workingwith comp$ter components

> mpro3e comp$ter assembl# skills dramaticall# withpractice

* f t 6i t



*afety 6irst

* f t 6i t



*afety 6irst

*afet 6irst



*afety 6irst

E*% P ti



E*% Precautions

• 'rist strap

• grounding mat

• antistatic bags

• humidity /F.FN0

• touch chassis todischarge staticelectricity

! i th C



!pening the Case repare the workspace before opening the computer

case7

8 Adequate lighting

8 /ood ventilation

8 !omfortable room temperature

8 9orkbench accessible from all sides

8 Avoid cluttering workbench

8 An antistatic mat on the table

8 Small containers to hold screws and other small parts

There are different methods for opening cases. To

learn how, consult the user manual or manufacturer:s

website.

$nstalling the Po'er *upply



$nstalling the Po'er *upply

ower supply installation steps include the following7

*. -nsert the power supply into the case

;. Align the holes in the power supply with the holes in

the case

(. Secure the powersupply to the case

using the proper

screws

Attaching Components to the



Motherboard

As part of an upgrade or repair, a technician may need

to attach components to the motherboard, and theninstall the motherboard.

$nstalling the CP3 on the



Motherboard The !# and motherboard are sensitive to electrostatic

discharge so use a grounded antistatic mat and wear anantistatic wrist strap. ,A"TIO 9hen handling a !#,

do not touch the !# contacts.

The !# is secured to the soc(et on the motherboard

with a loc(ing assembly.

$nstalling the CP3



$nstalling the CP3

E+amining the *oc(et



g$nterface

• PA

Applying the Thermal



Compound Thermal compound helps to keep the !# cool.

To install a used !#, clean it and the base of the heat

sink with isopropyl alcohol to remove the old thermal

compound.

"ollow manufacturer<s

recommendations

about applying the

thermal compound.

$nstalling the -eat *in(56an



Assembly The +eat $in(/&an Assembly is a two3part cooling

device. The heat sink

draws heat away

from the !#.

The fan moves

the heat away

from the heat

sink.

The heat sink0fanassembly usually

has a (3pin power

connector.

$nstalling CP3 and -eat



*in(56an Assembly*. Align the !# so that the !onnection * indicator is lined up with in *

on the !# socket.

;. lace the !# gently into the socket.

(. !lose the !# load plate and secure it by closing the load lever and

moving it under the load lever retention tab.

+. Apply a small amount of thermal compound to the !# and spread it

evenly. "ollow the application instructions provided by the manufacturer.

). ine up the heat sink0fan assembly retainers to the holes on the

motherboard.

=. lace the heat sink0fan assembly onto the !# socket, being careful

not to pinch the !# fan wires.>. Tighten the heat sink0fan assembly retainers to secure the assembly in

place.

?. !onnect the heat sink0fan assembly power cable to the header on the

motherboard.

$nstalling RAM



$nstalling RAM

RAM provides temporary data storage for the !#

while the computer is operating.

%A' should be installed in the motherboard before

the motherboard is placed in the computer case.

%A' installation steps7

*. Align the notches on the %A' module to the keys in the slot

and press down until the side tabs click into place.

;. 'ake sure that the side tabs have locked the %A' module

and visually check for eposed contacts.

$nstalling the Motherboard




The motherboard is now ready to install in the

computer case.

lastic and metal standoffs are used to mount the

motherboard and to prevent it from touching the metal

portions of the case.

-nstall only the standoffs that align with the holes in the

motherboard.

-nstalling any additional standoffs may prevent the

motherboard from being seated properly in the

computer case.





*. -nstall standoffs in the

computer case.

;. Align the -0& connectors on

the back of the motherboard

with the openings in the back

of the case.

(. Align the screw holes of the

motherboard with the

standoffs.

+. -nsert all of the motherboardscrews.

). Tighten all of the

motherboard screws.

G $nstalling the $nternal



%ri#es 1rives that are installed in internal bays are called

internal drives.

A hard disk drive 5+DD6 is an eample of an internal

drive.

H11 installation steps7

*. osition the H11 so that it aligns

with the (.)3inch drive bay.

;. -nsert the H11 into the drive bay so

that the screw holes in the drive line

up with the screw holes in the case.(. Secure the H11 to the case using

the proper screws.

$nstalling the %ri#es inE t l B



E+ternal Bays 1rives, such as optical drives 5,D

and D#D6 and floppy drives, areinstalled in drive bays that are

accessed from the front of the case.

&ptical drives and floppy drives

store data on removable media.

1rives in e!ternal bays allow

access to the media without

opening the case.

$nstalling the !ptical %ri#e



$nstalling the !ptical %ri#e

An optical dri'e is a storage device that reads and

writes information to !1s or 141s.

&ptical drive installation steps7

*. osition the optical drive to align with the ).;) inch drive bay.

;. -nsert the optical drive into the drive bay so that the opticaldrive screw holes align with the screw holes in the case.

(. Secure the optical drive to the case using the proper screws.

$nstalling 6loppy %ri#e



$nstalling 6loppy %ri#e

A floppy disk drive 5&DD6 is a storage device that reads

and writes information to a floppy disk.

"11 installation steps7

*. osition the "11 so that it aligns with the (.) inch drive bay.

;. -nsert the "11 into the drive bay so that the "11 screw holes

align with the screw holes in the case.

(. Secure the "11 to the case using the proper screws.

Attaching the 6loppy %ri#e



Attaching the 6loppy %ri#e

• Pin > 8 Red *tripe

• G pin

• t'ist

• A dri#e on the end of the

ribbon cable after thet'ist

• $f Pin > is bac('ards, theE% stays on for Joppy

,onnecting the &loppy Dri'es



g ppy

The floppy drive echanges data with the motherboard devices,

including the microprocessor, via a (+3pin flat ribbon 5data6 cable.

!urrent system $-&S versions can support up to two floppy drives

on one controller via a daisy chain cable arrangement. !able pin3

outs *@ through *= are cross3wired between the middle drive

connector and end drive connector, producing a twist that reversesthe 1rive Select 51S6 configuration of the drive plugged into the

end connector of the ribbon cable. This feature, called cable

select, automatically configures the drive on the middle connector

as Dri'e 0 and the drive on the end connector as Dri'e A.

@ $nstalling the Adapter Cards



@ $nstalling the Adapter Cards

Adapter cards are installed to add functionality to a

computer. Adapter cards must be compatible with the epansion

slot.

Some adapter cards7

!-e * -!

!- 9ireless -!

!-e *= video adapter card

$nstalling the 2et'or($ t f C d /2$C0



$nterface Card /2$C0 A -! enables a computer to connect to a network.

-!s use P,I and P,Ie epansion slots on the

motherboard.

-! installation steps7

*. Align the -! to the appropriateslot on the motherboard.

;. ress down gently on the -!

until the card is seated.

(. Secure the -! ! mountingbracket to the case with the

appropriate screw.

$nstalling the =ireless 2$C



g

A wireless -! enables a computer to connect to a

wireless network.

Some wireless -!s are installed eternally with a

#S$ connector.

9ireless -! installation steps7

*. Align the wireless -! to the

appropriate epansion slot on

the motherboard.

;. ress down gently on the

wireless -! until the card isfully seated.

(. Secure the mounting bracket

to the case with the appropriate

screw.

$nstalling the 4ideo AdapterCard



Card A video adapter card is the interface between a

computer and a display monitor.

An upgraded video adapter card can provide better

graphic capabilities for games and graphic programs.

4ideo adapter card installation steps7

*. Align the video adapter card to the appropriate epansion

slot on the motherboard.

;. ress down gently on the video

adapter card until the card is fully

seated.

(. Secure the video adapter card

! mounting bracket to the case

with the appropriate screw.

4ideo Card $nstallation



4ideo Card $nstallation

A/

#ideo ,ard Installation




!-





Connecting the $nternalCables



Cables Power cables are used to

distribute electricity from thepower supply to the motherboard

and other components.

Data cables transmit data

between the motherboard andstorage devices, such as hard

drives.

Additional cables connect the

buttons and link lights on the frontof the computer case to the

motherboard.




'otherboard ower !onnections

The Advanced Technology Btended5AT16 main power connector has either

;@ or ;+ pins.

The power supply may

also have a +3pin or

=3pin Auiliary 5A"16

power connector that

connects to the motherboard.

A ;@3pin connector will work in a

motherboard with a ;+3pin socket.




$erg

g

$ATA power connectors use either a >3pin or

*)3pin connector to connect to hard diskdrives, optical drives, or any devices that

have a SATA power socket.

Mole! power connectors are used by hard

disk drives and optical drives that do not haveSATA power sockets.

,A"TIO 1o not use a 'ole connector

and a SATA power connector on the same

drive at the same time. +3pin 0erg power connector supplies power

to a floppy drive.

SATA

'ole

Po'er Connector $nstallation*teps



*teps*. lug the SATA power connector into the H11.

;. lug the 'ole power connector into the optical drive.

(. lug the +3pin $erg power connector into

the "11.

+. !onnect the (3pin fan power connector into theappropriate fan header on the motherboard,

according to the motherboard manual.

). lug the additional cables from the case into the appropriate

connectors according to the motherboard manual.

PATA Cables

http://www.mysuperpc.com/build/power_supply_3pin_connector.jpg



1rives connect to the motherboard using data cables.

8 Types of data cables are ATA, SATA, and floppy disk.

The PATA cable 5sometimes called a ribbon cable6 is

wide and flat and can have either +@ or ?@ conductors.

8 A ATA cable usually has three +@3pin connectors.

8 -f multiple hard drives are installed, the master drive will

connect to the end connector. The sla'e drive will connect to

the middle connector.

'any motherboards have two ATA cable sockets,

which provides support for a maimum of four ATAdrives.

Installing +ard Dri'e/,D-ROM



g

Attaching the hard drive and !13%&'

are basically similar.

"irst, the 2umper settings should be

properly set.

The designation of a hard drive or !13

%&' drive as either master or slave isgenerally determined by the 2umper

configuration, not by the order in which

the drive is daisy3chained to the other

drive.

The only eception is if the drive is

2umpered 5set to6 Ccable selectC and both

the system and ribbon cable support

cable select.

Attaching -ard %ri#e5C%.R!M



R!M

• $%E ribbon cables: GFpin53ltra.ATA DF connectors

• Master 5 *la#e 5 Cable*elect settings

• user "umpers

• CM!* auto select



-nside your computer,you generally have two

5;6 -1B hard drive

controller connections.

They look this this DDEof the time.

5The smaller one on the

very top is a floppy drive

controller connection.6

Attaching -ard

%ri#e5C%.R!M

Attaching +ard Dri'e/,D-ROM



ictured here are the two

cables, the ?@3wire and the

older +@3wire ATA -1B

cables. As you can see, the one on

the left, the newer ?@3wire

cable has very small wiresrunning from connector to

connectorF conversely, the

+@3wire cable has larger

wires. There is a reason for

this. The newer standardrequires the addition and

separation of the wires for

better signals to achieve the

faster speeds.

Attaching +ard Dri'e/,D ROM

,ables



The ?@3wire 5conductor6 cables are not called ?@3pinsG

The older +@3wire and the newer ?@ wire are both +@3pinsG

9ell, actually, they are (D pins. &ne pin was removed that

was never used so people installing hard drives wouldn:t

connect them backwards. See the picture below...

,ables

,ables



,onnector Assignments and ,olor

,oding "or the first time, the ?@3conductor cable defines specific roles

for each of the connectors on the

cableF the older cable did not. !olor

coding of the connectors is used to

make it easier to determine which

connector goes with each device70lue The blue connector attaches to

the host 5motherboard or controller6.

2ray The gray connector is in the

middle of the cable, and goes to any

slave 51evice *6 drive if present on the

channel.0lac( The black connector is at the

opposite end from the host connector

and goes to the master drive 51evice

@6, or a single drive if only one is used.

,ables

*ATA Cables



The $ATA data cable has a > or *)3pin connector.

8 &ne end of the cable is connected to the motherboard.

8 The other end is connected to any drive that has a SATA

data connector.

*ATA %ri#es and Connectors



*. ower connector

;. 1ata cable connector

(. SATA power cable

+. SATA data cable

$ATA Motherboard ,onnectors



SATA0*)@ 5*6

communicates at a

rate of *)@ 'bps

SATA0(@@ 5(6

communicates at a

rate of (@@ 'bps

A >3pin Serial ATA

data cable A *)3pin Serial ATA

data cable

*ATA /*erial ATA0 #s PATA/$%E0



/$%E0

6loppy %ri#e Cables



The floppy drive data cable has a (+3pin connector and

it has a stripe to denote the location of pin *. 8 &ne connector at the end of the cable connects to the

motherboard. The other two connectors connect to drives.

8 -f multiple floppy drives are installed, the A7 drive will connect

to the end connector. The $7 drive will connect to the middleconnector after the twist .

'otherboards have one floppy drive controller which

provides support for a maimum of two floppy drives.

$nstalling %ata Cables



*. lug the motherboard end of the ATA cable into the

motherboard socket.

;. lug the connector at the far end of the ATA cable

into the optical drive.

(. lug one end of the SATA cable into the motherboardsocket.

+. lug the other end of the SATA cable into the H11.

). lug the motherboard end of the "11 cable into the

motherboard socket.

=. lug the connector at the far end of the "11 cable

into the floppy drive.

Attaching the E%s, Leyloc(and *pea(er



and *pea(er

Attaching the 3Ds



lug the reset3switch, power3switch, H113B1, speaker,

and power3B1 connectors into the motherboard, all labelsfacing upwards.

D Re.attaching Panels, Connect E+ternalCables

http://pictures.cr.yp.to/1/a34cc11d4d13880f0435bb4a0805375d/1.jpg

http://pictures.cr.yp.to/1/f2961f62224dc8956b5eb0870ce0127d/1.jpg



ow that all the internal components have been

installed and connected to the motherboard and powersupply, the side panels are re3attached to the computer

case.

The net step is to connect the cables for all computer

peripherals and the power cable.

Re.attaching the *ide Panels



'ost computer cases have two panels, one on each

side.

&nce the cover is in place, make sure that it is secured

at all screw locations.

%efer to the documentation or manufacturer<s website if

you are unsure about how to remove or replace your

computer case.

,A"TIO Handle case parts

with care. Some computer case

covers have sharp or 2agged

edges.

Connecting E+ternal Cables



After the case panels have been re3attached, connect

the eternal cables to the back of the computer. Bternal cable connections include7

'onitor #S$

eyboard ower

'ouse Bthernet

,A"TIO 9hen attaching cables, never force a

connection.

OT lug in the power cable after you haveconnected all other cables.

Connecting E+ternal Cables



*. Attach the monitor cable to the video port.

;. Secure the cable by tightening the screws onthe connector.

(. lug the keyboard cable into the S0;

keyboard port.

+. lug the mouse cable into the S0; mouse

port.

). lug the #S$ cable into a #S$ port.

=. lug the network cable into the network port.>. !onnect the wireless antenna to the antenna

connector.

?. lug the power cable into the power supply.



Part $$$ PC

TR!3BE*-!!T$2& MA$2TE2A2CE



• Bene1ts of pre#enti#e maintenance are:

• Reduced computer do'n time and repair

costs• $ncreased data protection

• E+tended life of the components

• $ncreased e)uipment stability



PC Maintenance• =hen using your computer more than a

fe' hours per day, 'e suggest you not toturn o7 your computer at the end of the

day $nstead turn o7 only the monitor tosa#e electricity• The life.time of electronic components 'ould

be increased if they are run at constanttemperature 'ith ade)uate #entilation

• $f your area e+periences a fe' times of po'eroutage per year, it is necessary to use a 3P**udden po'er do'ns 'hile the system is runningmay cause se#ere damage to hard dri#es



Basic Maintenance Tips• 3se your hand to touch and feel the co#er

of your computer at least once a 'ee( The

co#er should be at room temperature $f itfeels 'arm there may be a problemO Chec(to ma(e sure that the cooling fans on thepo'er supply and CP3 are 'or(ingproperly

• Clean the air path'ay on the bac( of thepo'er supply on a regular basis



Basic PCTroubleshooting



%ata ProtectionBefore troubleshooting problems, always follo' the necessary precautions to protectdata on a computer$f you are unsure that a bac(up has been

done, do not attempt any troubleshootingacti#ities until you chec( 'ith the customer:• %ate of the last bac(up• Contents of the bac(up• %ata integrity of the bac(up• A#ailability of all bac(up media for

data restore$f no bac(up can be created,

as( customer to sign a release form

Th T bl h ti



The Troubleshooting

Process• 6ollo' an organied andlogical procedure

• Eliminate #ariables one

at a time• Troubleshooting is a s(ill

that is re1ned o#er time

• The 1rst and last steps

in#ol#e e7ecti#elycommunicating 'ith thecustomer



Troubleshooting Tips

%/& Trial#and#error

%0& 1It2s te ca3le- s#####45%6& (on2t 3e frustrated7

%8& Ta!e notes7

%9& Ta!e a loo!

'onitors: Common



'onitors: Commonerrors;pro3lems <

solutions ,rror;pro3lem:

• Te picture doesnot appear

• Te Screen is notsyncroni=ed

• Te position of tescreen is not inte center

• Te screen is too3ri$t or too dar!

• Te screen issa!in$

• Possi3le Solution

• Chec( monitor po'ercable

• Chec( monitor serialcable

• Ad"ust monitorsettings

'oter3oard: Common



'oter3oard: Commonerrors;pro3lems <

solutions• Error5problem

• *ystem has no po'erat all Po'er light

does not illuminate,fan inside the po'ersupply does not turnon, and indicator lighton (eyboard does notturn on

• *ystem inoperati#e

Leyboard lights areon, po'er indicatorlights are lit, and harddri#e is spinning

• Possible *olution

• Chec( po'er cable

• Chec( E%*connections /P*=,-%%, Reset,spea(er0

• Chec( internalcables

• Chec( memorymodules

' 3 d C



'oter3oard: Common

pro3lems;solutions cont44• ,rror;pro3lem• *creen message says

$n#alid Con1gurationor CM!* 6ailure

• *creen is blan(

• *ystem does not bootfrom hard dis( dri#e, canbe booted from Joppydis( dri#e

• ,rror readin$ dri)e A: , C: dri)e failure4

• Possible solution

• Chec( CM!*5B$!*

settings• Chec( -%%56%%

cables

• Chec( "umpersettings

• Chec( for #iruses• Chec( for defecti#e

-%%

T 3l S i Ti f



Trou3le Sootin$ Tips for

>ideo Cards

• Chec( that the card is seated properly inits e+pansion slot

•Ensure the display cable is securelyfastened to the cardHs display connector

• Ma(e sure that the display and computerare plugged in and recei#ing po'er

• $f necessary, disable any built.in graphicscapabilities on your motherboard

• Ma(e sure you selected the appropriatedisplay de#ice and graphics card 'hen you installed your enhanced dri#er

B i T 3l ti



Basic Trou3lesootin$

Tips *ard (ri)e • >erify compati3ility • Cec! all cards

• Cec! all connectors and ca3les

• >erify ?umper settin$s

• Cec! your power#supply speci@cations

• >erify te dri)e#type settin$s in te

system setup pro$ram • Cec! for )iruses

B i T 3l ti



Basic Trou3lesootin$

Tips for 'emory modules>2o %isplay, short beep

computer al'ays hang duringthe boot process

The installation setup interrupt



T-A2L !3Q

CIW Training Materials Computer Hdwe

Documents

Transcript of CIW Training Materials Computer Hdwe