Civil War Part 1 12apr12

8/2/2019 Civil War Part 1 12apr12

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The Civil War
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War


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President Lincoln:-Called for 75,000 volunteersto serve in the army againstthe South.

- The Northerners thoughtthe war would be over inabout ninety days.-Southerners believed thatthe war would be over

quickly.-With flags held up high bothNortherners andSoutherners marched into

battle.

The Conflict Takes ShapePART I
http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/al16.htmlhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/al16.htmlhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/al16.html


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REASONS FOR WAR:

- The Southerners were convinced their cause for leaving the Union wasright: succession.

Eight new states had to decide which side they would join.

- The border states, Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, and Delaware

decided to stay with the Union, or northern states.

- Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Arkansas decided to stay withthe Confederacy, or the southern states..

-- The Northerners wanted first to preserve the Union, and second, fightto abolish slavery.


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- When the war began each side was convinced that their cause

was right. The South wanted to preserve the Southern way of life.This would mean that slavery would continue!

Southern Disadvantages:

- The South did not have as many soldiers as the

Northerners, but they knew the countryside.

- The Southerners had few factories to makeweapons and other vital supplies. They had hardlyany ships in their Navy.

The South

SOUTHERN STRATEGY: The South had the advantage of fighting adefensive war. This means they would sit tight in the country andwait for the Northern Army to attack. They would try to wear out theNorthern army.

A Nation Divided


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The NorthNorthern Advantages:

- The North had three times as many citizens as compared to theSouth. Thus they had more soldiers.

-Northern factories produced more than 90% of the nationsmanufactured goods, including weapons such as guns, cannons,and bullets.

- The North had a large Navy with many ships.

NorthernSoldiers

NorthernShips


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LeadersNORTH AND SOUTH

-Jefferson Davis, as President of the ConfederateStates of America (CSA), led the South, or theConfederacy. Davis went to West Point Militaryacademy. He served our country in the Mexican War.

- Abraham Lincoln, as President of the United States of America, led the

North, or the Union. Many people had doubts about Lincolnsleadership, but he later proved to be a stronger leader, than Davis.

*** Robert E. Lee was asked by PresidentLincoln to join the Union Army as commanderand chief.

-Robert E. Lee refused the position andinstead became the Chief General of theConfederate Army.- Lee would not turn against his home state ofVirginia when his state supported the

Confederacy.


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UNION STRATEGY: ANACONDA PLAN

Designed to smother the Souths economy:

1. Naval blockade of the Souths coastline in

order to prevent transportation of goods orpeople into or out of an area.

2. Gain control of the Mississippi, splitting

the Confederacy in two.3. Attacking and take over the Confederate

capital of Richmond, Virginia.

Answer these questions:

a. What is the Anaconda Plan?b. What new military technology changed the

war?

MILITARY TECHNOLOGY:

Rifle: a gun with a groovedbarrel that causes a bullet tospin through the air, giving it

more distance and accuracy.

Minie ball: a bullet with ahollow base, shooting farther

and more accurately.


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A Confederate soldier. A Union soldier
http://www.sinclair.edu/sec/his102/102doc01.htmhttp://www.nps.gov/archive/gett/gettkidz/reb.htm


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- On July 12, 1861 President Lincoln

sent troops from Washington, D.C. toRichmond, Virginia.-As soon as they left Washington theUnion soldiers clashed with theConfederate soldiers near a smallstream called Bull Run.

-Thomas Jackson, the general for the Confederacy, held his ground likea stone wall. Jackson henceforth became as General StonewallJackson".

*** At the end of the battle the Union retreated. The Confederate soldierswon the first major battle of the Civil War.This showed both sides they needed more training to win the war.Hence forth, this battle became known as the Battle of Bull Run. Italso demonstrated to both sides that this war would be a long and

bloody war!

The First Major Battle:1st Bull Run
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Battle_of_Bull_Runhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonewall_Jacksonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonewall_Jacksonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonewall_Jacksonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonewall_Jacksonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Battle_of_Bull_Run


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-In the battles of the Civil War the navy used ships covered in steel forthe first time. These ships were called ironclad ships.

-The Confederates used a steel ship called the Merrimack to fight thewar. They covered the ship with steel and renamed it the Virginia. Onits maiden voyage, this Confederate ironclad destroyed two Unionships.

Merrimack or Virginia

Ironclad Ships Change the War


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-In the end, the battle between the two ships did not seriously damage them,but both sides realized that ironclad ships had changed naval warfare forever.

-The Union used a steel ship called Monitor. This was the first Unionironclad that held its own in battle but was unable to claim a victory.

Monitor


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General Ulysses S. Grantappointed as the new Generaland Commander of the UnionArmy.

- Lincoln replaced GeneralBurnside because the Union was

not winning any battles.

-Lincoln was looking for aGeneral that would lead the

Union to a victory. Lincolnbelieved Grant could win the war.General Ulysses S. Grant
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_S._Granthttp://americancivilwar.com/north/grant.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant


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Grants Plan for Total War Against the South

-General Grant decided to destroy the South's ability tofight the war. Grant ordered his generals to wage total war

against the South.-He wanted the Union army to destroy food, equipment, andanything else they found that might be useful to the enemy(South).

General Grant said:

Leave nothing to invite the enemy to return. Destroy whatever cannotbe consumed. Let the valley be left so that crows flying over it will haveto carry their rations along with them

What does Grant saywith these words?


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The BattleChancellorville:

Won in three daysby theConfederacy, butthey lost a greatleader, General

"Stonewall"Jackson, who diedfrom gunshotwounds from hisown men.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_chancellorsvillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_chancellorsvillehttp://www.vmi.edu/archives/jackson/jackson.htmlhttp://www.vmi.edu/archives/jackson/jackson.htmlhttp://www.vmi.edu/archives/jackson/jackson.htmlhttp://www.vmi.edu/archives/jackson/jackson.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_chancellorsvillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_chancellorsville

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