Bell Ringer

• REVIEW- Use the term, “nullification,” in a sentence that shows that you understand the meaning of the term.

Tennessee During the Civil War/Leaders of the Civil War

EQ’s:What role did TN play during the Civil War?

How did certain individuals affect the course of the Civil War?

Geographical DifferencesNorth

• Climate – frozen winters; hot/humid summers

• Natural features: – Coastline: bays and harbors –

fishermen, shipbuilding (i.e. Boston)

– Inland: rocky soil – farming hard; turned to trade and crafts (timber for shipbuilding)

South

• Climate – mild winters; long, hot, humid summers

• Natural features: – coastline: swamps and

marshes (rice & sugarcane, fishing)

– inland: indigo, tobacco, & corn

Constitutional Issue: Nullification

• Review: What is nullification?• The idea that a state can refuse to accept a federal law.

• What is the Constitutional issue with nullification?• Article III- “Supremacy Clause”

– The power to make the final decision about the constitutionality of federal laws lies with the federal courts, not the states.

Secession in Tennessee• TN was the last state to secede• TN was divided politically and

geographically• East and Middle TN was in strong

support of the Union, while pro-slavery West TN was wanted to secede

• Governor, Isham Harris (from West TN) favored secession but most voters disagreed

• Eventually, TN agreed to secede because they did not want to fight other Southerners

Secession in Tennessee• Disagreements continued

about TN in the Confederacy• People from Scott County (in

East TN) seceded from TN and formed the independent state of Scott

• They were forced to remain with the Confederacy until Union troops entered the area in 1863

Fort Sumter• The day after Lincoln took office,

he receives a message that Fort Sumter in SC was running low on supplies

• Lincoln responded by sending unarmed group w/ supplies

• Jefferson Davis (Confederate President) ordered his troops to attack before the supplies arrived

• The Union surrendered the fort and the Civil War had begun

Soldier Statistics• Confederacy- In 1861, 112,000

“rebels”• Union- In 1861, 187,000

“yankees”• By the end, there were 900,000

Rebels and 2.1 million Yankees• Union army had just under

200,000 African-Americans• About 10,000 Mexican

Americans served in the war

Massachusetts 54th Regiment• One of the first African-

American units in the Civil War

• Led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw

• Assaulted Fort Wagner• Became famous for the

courage and sacrifice of their members

13th U.S. Colored Troops• 20,000 African-American

soldiers from TN• Played an important role in

the Battle of Nashville• Alongside other Union troops

led by George H. Thomas, defeated Confederate forces in one of the biggest Union victories of the war

Jefferson Davis• Elected president of the

Confederacy• Views on secession:

– States have the right to alter or abolish their government

– Used the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution to back up his points

Robert E. Lee• Came from a wealthy Virginia

family• Attended West Point and

graduated second in his class• Eventually returned to Virginia,

resigned from the U.S. Army and became commander of the Virginia forces and later the entire Confederate Army

• One of the greatest military leaders in history

“Stonewall” Jackson• Born in Virginia• Attended West Point• Had an unremarkable

career in the U.S. Army• Became one of the

Confederacy’s top military leaders after he won the First Battle of Bull Run

David Farragut • Highest-ranking officer in the

Union navy• Led 18 ships into Mobile Bay

in Alabama• He guided ships through

waters filled with torpedo mines

• Succeeded in blocking the last Southern port east of the Mississippi River

Nathan Bedford Forrest• From the state of Tennessee• Famous for his daring cavalry

raids on Union forces• “I wish none but those who

desire to be actively engaged.  COME ON BOYS, IF YOU WANT A HEAP OF FUN AND TO KILL SOME YANKEES”

• Becomes infamous as one of the founders of the first version of the Ku Klux Klan

William Brownlow• Pro-Union Methodist

minister from TN• He was also a slave-owner• Forced out of the south for

criticizing the Confederacy• Became the governor of TN

during Reconstruction (after the war)

Sam Watkins• Private in Company

H- First TN Infantry• Described his

battlefield experiences in the popular memoir, “Co. Aytch”

Sam Davis• Also a private in the First

Tennessee Infantry• Carried messages for the

Confederate army• Union forces captured him• He was executed after

being accused as a spy• Became known as “the Boy

Hero of the Confederacy”

Exit-Put on half sheet of paper

Create three questions you would put on the quiz and

answer them.

Create a top 5 list of the most important facts of the

lesson.

3213-Things you

found out2-interesting

things1-question you

still have

5 WordsWhat 5 words would you use to describe slavery during the time period discussed in class

today?Explain and justify your

choices.

Pick one