Civil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other

Wars

Civil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other

Wars

Home Front Home Front PoliticsPolitics

Preview of Main PointsPreview of Main Points

Keeping control of the home front Keeping control of the home front can be just as important as can be just as important as fighting battles in a war. The Civil fighting battles in a war. The Civil War forced both the North and War forced both the North and South to confront many volatile South to confront many volatile issues internally. issues internally.

Politics in the South-Politics in the South-

The South had many obstacles to overcome The South had many obstacles to overcome because it also had to set up its own because it also had to set up its own government. Ironically, the single greatest issue government. Ironically, the single greatest issue the South rallied around, state’s rights, became the South rallied around, state’s rights, became a major roadblock in the Confederate’s attempt a major roadblock in the Confederate’s attempt to wage war. War demands central control and to wage war. War demands central control and direction rather than a loose organization of direction rather than a loose organization of government, a confederacy to make decisions. government, a confederacy to make decisions. No matter what, the South needed to make the No matter what, the South needed to make the most out of its resources because it had so few most out of its resources because it had so few compared to the North.compared to the North.

Why the North Won Why the North Won (or Why the Confederacy Lost)(or Why the Confederacy Lost)

““The Army of Northern Virginia has been compelled to yield The Army of Northern Virginia has been compelled to yield

to overwhelming numbers and resources." Robert E. Leeto overwhelming numbers and resources." Robert E. Lee

"God is always on the side of the heaviest battalions""God is always on the side of the heaviest battalions"

Railroad Lines, 1860Railroad Lines, 1860

471 total, 19 CSA,

452 union

Resources: North & the SouthResources: North & the South

GovernmentGovernment

-South passed a constitution similar to the -South passed a constitution similar to the US one, but it recognized state’s rights US one, but it recognized state’s rights and slavery.and slavery.

-The South had continuous disputes within -The South had continuous disputes within itself on how to exercise power.itself on how to exercise power.

““Died of States’ Rights”Died of States’ Rights”

zz

Joseph Brown, Georgia Governor

Zebulon Vance, North Carolina

Mobilizing for War in the SouthMobilizing for War in the South

-April 1862 passed a conscription (not a -April 1862 passed a conscription (not a draft) white men 18-35draft) white men 18-35

-Extend service to all volunteers for 2 -Extend service to all volunteers for 2 more yearsmore years

-Age rose to 45 after Antietam-Age rose to 45 after Antietam

-50 at the end of the war-50 at the end of the war

90% of all eligible white men fought in the 90% of all eligible white men fought in the war!war!

All Southerners were not ConfederatesAll Southerners were not Confederates

How many southerners fought for How many southerners fought for the Union?the Union?

Southern slavesSouthern slaves 150,000150,000Border state whitesBorder state whites 200,000200,000Confederate state whitesConfederate state whites 100,000100,000

TotalTotal 450,000450,000

1/3 of all southerners who fought in the Civil War 1/3 of all southerners who fought in the Civil War fought for the Unionfought for the Union

EconomyEconomy

-Determined how much goods should be -Determined how much goods should be producedproduced

-Took ownership of RR from private -Took ownership of RR from private individualsindividuals

-Farmers had to give 1/10 of crop to the -Farmers had to give 1/10 of crop to the government- still food shortage was a government- still food shortage was a serious problem for the Southserious problem for the South

-Personal income tax-Personal income tax

Financial StrengthFinancial StrengthSources of RevenueSources of Revenue

CSA USACSA USA

BondsBonds 35% 66% 35% 66%

TaxationTaxation 5% 21% 5% 21%

Paper MoneyPaper Money 60% 13% 60% 13%

Indices of Prices and Real Wages Indices of Prices and Real Wages During the Civil War(1860=100)During the Civil War(1860=100)

Union Union Confederate Confederate Year Prices Real Wages Prices Real WagesYear Prices Real Wages Prices Real Wages1860 100 100 1860 100 100 100 100 100 1001861 101 100 1861 101 100 121 86 121 861862 113 93 1862 113 93 388 35 388 351863 139 84 1863 139 84 1,452 19 1,452 191864 176 77 3,992 111864 176 77 3,992 111865 175 821865 175 82 9,200 approx. 9,200 approx.

AbroadAbroad

No one in Europe formally No one in Europe formally recognized the Confederacyrecognized the Confederacy

-Britain allowed the South to build -Britain allowed the South to build 11 privateer ships to raid Union 11 privateer ships to raid Union shippingshipping

South’s #1 hope was to get Britain South’s #1 hope was to get Britain to ally with the South by cutting off to ally with the South by cutting off all cotton trade with Britain, “cotton all cotton trade with Britain, “cotton diplomacy,” failure because of diplomacy,” failure because of British AbolitionistBritish Abolitionist

Politics in the NorthPolitics in the North

Active Congress with no Southern opposition passed the:1861 – Morrill Tariff Act-higher import tax1862 – Homestead Act- 160 acres free land1862 – Legal Tender Act- a national currency, called the greenback. 1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act- sale of land for state colleges, like OHIO STATE, GO BUCKEYES #11862 –Emancipation Proclamation (Presidential)1863 – Pacific Railway Act- transcontinental railroad(The effects of these laws were not truly seen until after the Civil War! Remember these laws!)

All these acts All these acts strengthenedstrengthened the power of the federal the power of the federal government.government.

•Lincoln resorted to extreme measures to quash protest. •The Union had to exercise a firm hand with slave states that did not secede to keep their loyalty. •Lincoln put Kentucky under martial law to secure it. •Also Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus, the right to be charged with a crime when arrested, in Latin it literally means produce the body

•Ex Parte Milligan- Supreme Court case that ruled military trials of civilians were illegal unless the civil courts were inoperative or the region was under military rule.

•In all, more than 13,000 Americans were arrested and jailed because of their political opposition to the government. •Lincoln’s main goal was to preserve the union.

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

-Legal document that freed the slaves in areas -Legal document that freed the slaves in areas that were rebelling against the Unionthat were rebelling against the Union

-Slaves seen as contraband, property seized -Slaves seen as contraband, property seized during wartime during wartime

-Dramatically changed the war into a fight to end -Dramatically changed the war into a fight to end slaveryslavery

-Thousands of African Americans rushed to join -Thousands of African Americans rushed to join the Union army after this was announcedthe Union army after this was announced

Opposition to the War Opposition to the War The North also The North also issued a draft for issued a draft for the Civil War. the Civil War. Riots erupted in Riots erupted in New York City in New York City in protest. protest.

Copperheads= Copperheads= Democrats in Democrats in congress that congress that opposed the opposed the war effortwar effort

Ken Burns VideoKen Burns Video

Disc 3Disc 3 The Universe of BattleThe Universe of Battle

Bottom Rail on TopBottom Rail on Top

59 to 1:1259 to 1:12