Civil War

Begins

1861-1865

Ele

ctio

n o

f Li

nco

ln

(Republic

an)

“My paramount object in

this struggle is to save

the Union, and not to

either save or destroy

slavery. If I could save

the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it, and if I could save the Union

by freeing all of the slaves, I would do it.” -- Abraham Lincoln

South

sece

des

(leave

the U

nio

n)

A Declaration of the Causes which

Impel the State of Texas to Secede

from the Federal Union

We hold as undeniable truths that the

governments of the various States, and

of the confederacy itself, were

established exclusively by the white

race, for themselves and their posterity;

that the African race had no agency in

their establishment; that they were

rightfully held and regarded as an

inferior and dependent race, and in that

condition only could their existence in

this country be rendered beneficial or

tolerable.

Our position is thoroughly identified with the

institution of slavery-- the greatest material

interest of the world. Its labor supplies the

product which constitutes by far the largest and

most important portions of commerce of the

earth. These products are peculiar to the climate

verging on the tropical regions, and by an

imperious law of nature, none but the black race

can bear exposure to the tropical sun. These

products have become necessities of the world,

and a blow at slavery is a blow at commerce and

civilization. That blow has been long aimed at the

institution, and was at the point of reaching its

consummation. There was no choice left us but

submission to the mandates of abolition, or a

dissolution of the Union, whose principles had

been subverted to work out our ruin.

A Declaration of the Immediate Causes

which Induce and Justify the Secession

of the State of Mississippi from the

Federal Union.

We affirm that these ends for which this

Government was instituted have been defeated,

and the Government itself has been made

destructive of them by the action of the non-

slaveholding States. Those States have assume the

right of deciding upon the propriety of our domestic

institutions; and have denied the rights of property

established in fifteen of the States and recognized

by the Constitution; they have denounced as sinful

the institution of slavery; they have permitted open

establishment among them of societies, whose

avowed object is to disturb the peace and to eloign

the property of the citizens of other States. They

have encouraged and assisted thousands of our

slaves to leave their homes; and those who remain,

have been incited by emissaries, books and

pictures to servile insurrection.

Declaration of the Immediate

Causes Which Induce and Justify

the Secession of South Carolina

from the Federal Union

Fort

Sum

ter

April 1861, first shot,

starts the Civil War

Unio

n (U

SA

) vs.

Confe

dera

cy (CSA

)North –

President

Lincoln

Capital –

Washingto

n, DC

South –

President

Jefferson

Davis

Capital –

Richmond ,

VA

Popula

tion,

Sta

tes

North

22 million

people, 24

states,

outnumber

South 4 to 1

Would allow

blacks to

fight

South

9 million

people, 1/3

were slaves,

South did

not use

them, 11

states

Industry,

Infra

structu

reNorth

Variety of

economic

resources,

92% of the

nation’s

industry,

22,000 miles

of RR

South

Agricultural,

especially

staple crops

which

needed to be

sold (leads

to food

shortages

later), 9,000

miles of RR

Territo

ryNorth

Offensive

War

Had to

conquer a

very large

area

South

Defensive

War

Protect

homes, land,

way of life

Know the

terrain

Leadersh

ipNorth

Few

experienced

officers

Eventually

Ulysses S

Grant

South

Superior

military

leadership

Robert E.

Lee

Oth

er

North

Border

States –

States which

allowed

slavery yet

fought for

the North

Missouri,

Kentucky,

Delaware,

Maryland

South

Asked Great

Britain and

France to

help them

“Johnny

Reb”

War S

trate

gie

sNorth

Blockade the

South

(Anaconda),

prevent

imports and

exports

Take control of

Mississippi

River, cut the

Confederacy

in two

South

Fight a

defensive

war, hope

the North

gets tired

and leaves

War S

trate

gie

s

Seize

Richmond,

the

Confederate

capital

Seize

Washington,

the Union

capital

NorthSouth

New

Weapons

of

War

1. Ironclad ships2. Rifles (longer and

more accurate than muskets)3. Bullet shapes

Tota

l War Destruction of

everything that could

be used to help the enemy Includes crops,

livestock, homes, infrastructure

Contr

aband Property seized from

the enemyEscaping or seized slaves – are they property or humans?

People

Clara

Barton –

later

founds the

Red Cross

Dorothea

Dix

People

Matthew

Brady

Photographer