Civil War

Election of 1860

• Democratic Party split

• Border States – Constitutional Union Party

–DE, MD, KY, MO

Election of 1860

N. Dem. – Stephen Douglas

S. Dem. – John Breckinridge

CU – John Bell

Rep. – Abraham Lincoln

Election of 1860

• Lincoln Wins!

• BUT with only 39% of the popular votes

• & NO electoral votes from the South!

Secession!

• In protest South Carolina leaves the Union on Dec. 20, 1860

• GA, FL, AL, MS, LA, TX leave the union

• They create the Confederate States of America

Fort Sumter

• April 12, 1861 – General PGT Beauregard opened fire on fort

• Major Robert Anderson tried to hold the fort but ran out of supplies

• Lincoln declared the south in rebellion

After Fort Sumter….

• Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, & Arkansas join Confederacy

• Borders States become very important to the North – Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, Kentucky, & Missouri

Union Strengths1. Had more Railroads

2. Had more Factories

3. Balanced Economy

4. Functioning Gov’t

Confederacy Strengths

1. More Trained Officers

2. South only had to keep a defensive position

3. Fighting to preserve way of life

New Technology1. Bullet – long piece of metal w/

rounded end

New Technology2. Rifling – spiral groove cut

inside the gun barrel

New Technology

3. Shell – Exploding cannon ball

New Technology4. Canister – Shell filled w/ tiny

lead balls

New Technology5. Ironclad Gunboats –

steamships w/ iron plating

Increased Gov’t Power• Draft – required military

service

• Suspended Writ of Habeas Corpus – right to a trial before imprisonment

Increased Gov’t Power• Internal Revenue Act – tax on

liquor, tobacco, medicine, & paper–Becomes Internal Revenue

Service

Increased Gov’t Power• Created National Currency:

Greenbacks

Increased Gov’t Power• Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 –

gov’t project to connect East & West w/ railroads

Increased Gov’t Power• Emancipation

Proclamation: all enslaved people in areas of open rebellion were free

Company C of the 54th MA Regiment

• 1st African American Regiment

• Led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw

• Most of the regiment was killed during attack on Fort Wagner

Election of 1864

Election of 1864Rep. – Abraham LincolnDem. – George McClellan

Lincoln thought he would lose!McClellan hated Lincoln

Election of 1864• Just before the election

Sherman took Atlanta

• This victory changed country’s outlook

• Lincoln won re-election

Civil War Prison Camps

NorthPoint Lookout, MACamp Chase, OHFort Delaware

Civil War Prison Camps

SouthLibby’s Prison, VAAndersonville, GA

- 100 soldiers died a day

- Commander guilty of war crimes

Medical Conditions• TERRIBLE!

• Docs did not sterilize equipment!

• Went days w/out washing equipment!

• High rates of infection

Medical ConditionsSome tried to make changes:

1. Clara Barton – gave 1st aide to troops & started American Red Cross

2. Dorothea Dix – Organized Union’s nursing corps

EconomyNORTH• Flourished• Industry

boomed• Women took

jobs in factories

SOUTH• Declined• Food

Shortages• Still produced

cotton & not food crops

Essay Question

Explain how the United States expanding its borders led to the Civil War.

Slave vs Free States

Compromises

Bleeding Kansas

John Brown

Election of 1860