Civil Rights The political, social, and economic rights of a citizen.
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Transcript of Civil Rights The political, social, and economic rights of a citizen.
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Civil Rights
• The political, social, and economic rights of a citizen.
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WWIIand Civil Rights
• Better access to good jobs helped set the stage for the civil rights movement
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Little Rock Nine• Integrated Central High School
• Elizabeth Eckford- girl that went on her own
• Marked the 1st time a sitting president sent federal troops into the south to enforce the Constitution since Reconstruction.
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Plessy vs. Ferguson
• The Supreme Court ruling allowing “separate but equal” facilities
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Brown v. Board of Education
• 80% of southern whites opposed the decision.
• Many Southern politicians disobeyed the ruling.
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NAACP
• National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
• focused on working through the court system.
• Initiated a series of court cases that chipped away at the “separate but equal” doctrine.
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Thurgood Marshall
• Lawyer for NAACP
• 1st black Supreme Court Justice
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Orval Faubus
• Governor of Arkansas during Little Rock Nine integration
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Rosa Parksarrest led to a call
for a boycott of the Montgomery bus system
successful in keeping most blacks off the buses
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Bus Boycott
• Resulted in the emergence of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. as the leader of the Montgomery Improvement Association.
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Rolling Churches
• Station wagons used to give protesters rides during the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
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MLK, Jr.• First leader of the Montgomery Improvement Association
• Ordained Baptist minister
• adopted many of his philosophies & teachings for the civil rights movement from Gandhi
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Civil Rights demonstrators in the 1950’s utilized
• boycotts
• non-violent sit-ins
• passive resistance
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Boycott• Not buying or using a product or
dealing with a certain company in order to exert economic pressure for change.
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Sit-ins
• Nonviolent protests against restaurants and lunch counters who refused to serve black customers.
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John F. Kennedy• Chose Lyndon B. Johnson as his running mate because Johnson was a Southern Senator capable of holding the white vote from the south.
• Along with RFK, helped Martin Luther King after he was arrested for violating his probation.
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Freedom Riders• The purpose in 1961 was to test
the Supreme Court decision that ruled that all bus stations and terminals serving interstate travelers should be integrated.
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James Meredith
• Integrated the Univ. of Mississippi with the help of federal troops
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Eugene “Bull” Connor• Police Chief who used fire hoses,
dogs, and cattle prods to disperse a crowd marching in Birmingham, Alabama
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• After watching television coverage of the brutal tactics used against protestors by the Birmingham police, even opponents of the civil rights movement were appalled by the police violence.
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Voting Rights Act of 1965
• Provided for the end of literacy tests and other barriers to voting.
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1963 March on Washington• Participants
hoped to convince Congress to pass civil rights legislation.
• Location of Dr. Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream” speech.
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“black power”• Impatient with the slow progress
of the civil rights movement.
• African American movement that worked for the economic, political, and social goals of blacks, without the help of whites.
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Malcolm X
• Outspoken member of the Nation of Islam who advocated black separatism
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Stokely Carmichael
• He became the militant leader of the SNCC
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The Watts Riots
• Took place in Los Angeles, California
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The Black Panthers
• Black Power
• Black nationalism
• Community development
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Emmet Till• From the Chicago visiting South
• Killed by two white men
• Not Guilty verdict by an all-white jury
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The Civil Rights Act of 1964• Forbid segregated
theaters.
• Forbid segregated restaurants.
• Forbid segregated hotels & motels
• Banned discrimination in the selling or renting of a home.
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George Wallace
• Governor who stood in the doorway at the University of Alabama
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De jure segregation
• Segregation that is imposed by law.
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de facto segregation
• By custom, not by law.• Example- concentration of urban
African Americans in slum areas