Civil Rights The Movement Toward Equality Erica Andersen.
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Civil Rights The Movement Toward Equality Erica Andersen
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Brown V. Board (1954) Started the want and need for integrated schools and other segregated places. Topeka, KA Separate, but equal NOT equal Thurgood Marshall, lawyer for Brown family Chief Justice Earl Warren decided separate but equal in education was not equal Lawyers in the Brown V. Board case: Boulware, Marshall, and Robinson
Transcript of Civil Rights The Movement Toward Equality Erica Andersen.
Civil Rights
The Movement Toward Equality
Erica Andersen
Background
13th, 14th, and 15th amendmentsGave blacks rights, but were soon
taken away with Jim Crow laws, poll taxes and the Grandfather Clause.
Plessy v. Ferguson set the standard for “separate but
equal” facilities for blacks and whites.
Brown V. Board (1954) Started the want and need
for integrated schools and other segregated places.
Topeka, KA
Separate, but equal NOT equal Thurgood Marshall, lawyer
for Brown family Chief Justice Earl Warren
decided separate but equal in education was not equal
Lawyers in the Brown V. Board case: Boulware, Marshall, and Robinson
Emmett Till (1955)
Young boy from Chicago
Beaten and murdered by white men in south
Men admit guilt, but get off anyway
Emmett Till Mother wanted an
open casket to show the world what prejudice and hatred had done to her son.
Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955) Rosa Parks refused to give
up her seat on a bus City-wide bus boycott Over a year of walking Martin Luther King, Jr.
organized the boycott which caused huge damages to the bus lines
Desegregate Buses
Little Rock, AR (1957)
“Little Rock Nine”
Stopped by the Governor
Troops sent by Eisenhower
Leaders
Martin Luther King, Jr. Stokely Carmichael Malcolm X Thurgood Marshall A. Philip Randolph
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Bus boycott
SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference)
March on Washington
MLK cont. “I have a dream” speech
Assassinated by James Earl Ray in 1968
Stokely Carmichael SNCC (Student
Nonviolent Coordinating Committee)
Black Power – reject white, American customs and unite to form their own society
“Black is Beautiful”
Malcolm X Nation of Islam-
converted while in prison
Black Separatism, Black Pride, separate society for blacks. Did not want integration to continue
Assassinated Because he changed
his mind.
Thurgood Marshall
NAACP
Brown v. Board
Supreme Court Justice,first black to reach that position
A. Philip Randolph Fair Employment Act
Desegregation in Armed Forces
Negro American Labor Council
March on Washington
Major Groups
NAACP CORE SCLC SNCC Black Panthers
NAACP 1910
W.E.B. Du Bois
NonViolence
Legal Issues
CORE-Congress of Racial Equality 1942
James Farmer
NonViolence
March on Washington
SCLC
1957
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Nonviolent passive resistance
SNCC
1960
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
Nonviolence
Black Panthers
1966
Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale
African-American Militant Party
Violence Whites used on blacks
Methods such as beatings, hangings, burning houses, and gassing protestors.
Ku Klux Klan in the 1960s/70s
Violence againstBlacks
Bombings, lynchings,Shootings, etc.
James Meredith (1961)
University of Mississippi
Violence and Riots
5,000 Federal Troops
Medgar Evers (1963) NAACP secretary
Murdered
Byron De La Beckwith
Not convicted for 30 years
Church Bombing (1963) Sixteenth Street Baptist Church
Sunday
Four young girls killed Denise McNair Cynthia Wesley Carole Robertson Addie Mae Collins
The Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner (1964)
James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner
Civil Rights workers
Whites as well as blacks
March from Selma (1965) To Montgomery
First attempt were stopped by police beat and gassed the walkers
Made it on second attempt
NonViolence Blacks/ pro-Civil Rights
SNCC
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Sit-Ins (1960-1961) Could buy items in
store but couldn’t eat at counter
Just sat while whites attacked
Freedom Rides (1961) May, 1961
Nonviolent
Want integration of Bus Terminals
Encountered much opposition
Civil Rights Act of 1964 Made racial discrimination in public places
illegal
Equal Employment opportunities
voting
Bibliography Infoplease. 2005. 24 May 2005.
<http://www.infoplease.com/spot/civilrightstimeline1.html>. “Civil Rights.” Wikipedia. 24 May 2005.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rights_movement>. Rezelman, David. “American History since 1877.” Temple University. 24
May 2005. <http://www.temple.edu/history/amhist2images.html>. "Civil Rights Movement in the United States." Microsoft Encarta Online
Encyclopedia 2005. 24 May 2005. <http://encarta.msn.com>. “Stokely Carmichael.” 26 May 2005.
<http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAcarmichael.htm>. “Black History.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 2005. 26 May 2005.
<http://search.eb.com/Blackhistory/subjects/bio.do>. Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopedia. 1996. CD-ROM.
Bibliography, cont. “History of SNCC.” 2000. 1 June 2005.
<http://www.ncsu.edu/chass/mds/sncchist.html>. “Sit Ins.” 22 June 1998. 31 May 2005.
<http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/sit-ins.html>.
