Civil Rights

Jim Crow Laws-laws that created separate facilities for African Americans and whites (schools, restaurants, trains, hospitals, theaters, etc.)

31.2

Following World War II segregation remains legal in the general

public

Returning Soldiers Face Segregation

31.2

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)-the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was legal as long asfacilities for African Americans and whites were equal, which they rarely were-“Separate but Equal”

-made Jim Crow legal

31.3

1948 President

Truman Ends Segregation in

the Armed Forces

31.3

-1954 Supreme Court ruled that separate schools could never be equal, thus striking down Plessy v. Ferguson

-Linda Brown’s parents sued the Topeka Board of Education which denied her the right to attend a Topeka school

-schools are ordered to desegregate

31.3Brown v. Board of Education

of Topeka, Kansas

-December 1955 Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat to a white person in Montgomery, Alabama and she is arrested and jailed

- Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. a Baptist Minister, helps lead the Montgomery Bus Boycott and becomes a national Civil Rights leader.

Montgomery Bus Boycott 31.4

31.4Rosa Parks Being Fingerprinted

Peacefully Protesting

Segregated Busses

31.4

Dr. King is

arrested for his

role in the bus

boycott.

31.4

Economic pressure put on business leaders of Montgomery helps convince them to desegregate

busses.

31.4

Martin Luther King Jr., Celebrating End of

Montgomery Bus Boycott

31.4

Suggestions from

Montgomery Improvement Association

how to behave on newly

desegregated busses.

31.4

31.4

Civil Disobedience:

-refusing to obey certain laws in order to change those laws or change government policy

-nonviolent techniques such as boycotting, picketing,etc. are used

Nonviolent Protest 31.5

Marches Sit Ins

Nonviolent Protest 31.5

Integration = desegregation, ending legal segregation

31.5

Arkansas National Guard Used to Enforce School Segregation

Crisis in Little RockCentral High School 1957

Little Rock, Arkansas

31.5

Police Block Entrance to Central High

School School in Little Rock

31.5

Nine African American students (Little Rock Nine) were escorted to school each day by the 101st U.S. Army Airborne Division and the nationalized Arkansas National Guard for the 1957-1958 school year.

The board of education of Little Rock cancelled the entire 1958-1959 school year.

31.5

31.5

Greensboro Lunch Counter Sit In - 1960Greensboro Lunch Counter Sit In - 196031.5

FREEDOM RIDERS 1961 – challenged segregation on interstate bus trips

31.5

John Lewis

James Zwerg

31.5

31.5

31.5

Birmingham, Alabama

-one of the most racially divided cities in America

-civil rights activists organize nonviolent protests (sit ins, marches), which lead to mass arrests draw media attention and force integration

31.6

31.6

Under orders of police, fire

fighters turn hoses on

protesters.

Hoses exert 700 pounds of

pressure per square inch and

can rip flesh from bone.

31.6

Children’s Marches

-6,000 children age 6-16

-police used hoses, dogs and clubs

-over 900 were arrested

-reported in the media all over the world

31.6

Four Girls Killed in

the Bombing

of the Sixteenth

Street Baptist Church

September 1963, Bombing of 16September 1963, Bombing of 16thth Street Street Baptist ChurchBaptist Church 31.6

Addie Mae Collins

Carole Robertson

Denise McNair Cynthia Wesley

31.6

31.6

MARCH ON WASHINGTON, MARCH 1963

31.7

MARCH ON WASHINGTON

Protesting:

Police Brutality, Unequal Pay, Job Discrimination, Lack of Rights

31.7

MARCH ON WASHINGTON, MARCH 1963

31.7

-ended segregation in public places

Civil Rights Act 1964

-outlawed discrimination in hiring

-gave the govt. the authority to enforce desegregation

31.7

Michael Schermer

James Chaney

Andrew Goodman

1964: Civil Rights Workers 1964: Civil Rights Workers Murdered in Murdered in

MississippiMississippi 31.7

Voting Rights Act 1965

-ended literacy tests-allowed federal officials to register voters in states where local officials refused to

31.7

April 4, 1968April 4, 1968 31.7

-even in death he is one of the most influential figures in civil rights and nonviolent protest

-Dr. King was killed by James Earl Ray in Memphis, Tennessee

Assassination

-April 4, 1968

31.7

31.7

James Earl Ray

31.7