Civil Procedure Outline Part 2

8/12/2019 Civil Procedure Outline Part 2

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CIVIL PROCEDURE Part 2)Lambda Epsilon Xi DVOREF College of Law

Rule 45APPEAL BY CERTIORARI

TO THE SC

Section 1. Filing of petition with SC. A partye!irin" to appeal #y certiorari $ro% a &u "%ent or $inal or er or re!olution o$ t'eCA ( t'e SB ( t'e RTC or ot'er court! )'ene*eraut'ori+e #y la)( %ay $ile )it' t'e SC a*eri$ie petition $or re*ie) on certiorari . T'epetition !'all rai!e only ,ue!tion! o$ la) )'ic'%u!t #e i!tinctly !et $ort'.

-eneral rule : Appeals to the SC aremade ONLY by VERIFIED PETITIONS FORREVIEW ON CERTIORARI

E ception : Appeals !rom "#d$me%ts o!the RTC &%criminal 'ases (here&% the pe%alty&mposed &s l&!e &mpr&so%me%t orreclusion

perpetua (h&'h shall be ele)ated by ord&%aryappeal* or (here&% the death pe%alty &s &mposed(h&'h &s s#b"e't to auto%atic re*ie)

The appeal #%der th&s R#le 'o%templatesthat the RTC re%dered the "#d$me%t or !&%al orderor resol#t&o% a't&%$ &% &ts ORI+INAL,-RISDICTION

/0ue!tion o$ La) e i!t! )'en t'ere i!a ou#t or contro*er!y a! to )'at t'e la) i! ona certain !tate o$ $act!.

T'ere i! a /,ue!tion o$ $act )'en t'eou#t or i$$erence ari!e! a! to t'e trut' or

$al!e'oo o$ $act!.

Te!t : Whether the appellate 'o#rt 'a%determ&%e the &ss#e ra&sed (&tho#t re)&e(&%$ ore)al#at&%$ the e)&de%'e* &% (h&'h 'ase &t &s aquestion of law

-eneral rule2 The !&%d&%$s o! !a't o!CA are !&%al a%d 'o%'l#s&)e a%d CANNOT bere)&e(ed o% appeal to the SC pro)&ded they are

bor%e o#t by the re'ord or are based o%s#bsta%t&al e)&de%'e

E ception! 2. Whe% the 'o%'l#s&o% &s a !&%d&%$

$ro#%ded entirely o% s peculations *surmises or conjectures

/ Whe% the &%!ere%'e made &s%ani$e!tly%&sta0e%*a bs#rd or imposs&ble

1 Whe% there &s "ra*e a#u!e o$i!cretion

2 Whe% the "#d$me%t &s based o% a%i!appre'en!ion o! facts

3 Whe% the !&%d&%$s o! fact arecon$lictin"

4 Whe% the CA* &% ma0&%$ &ts !&%d&%$s*(e%t beyond the issues o! the 'ase anthe same &s contrary to the admissionso! both appella%t a%d appellee

5 Where the CA %ani$e!tly overlooked'erta&%relevant !a'ts not d&sp#ted by the

part&es a%d (h&'h* &! properly'o%s&dered* (o#ld "#st&!y a different'o%'l#s&o%

6 Where the !&%d&%$s o! !a't o! theCA arecontrary to those o! the TC * or aremere conclusions (&tho#t '&tat&o% o!spe'&!&' e)&de%'e*or (here the !a'ts set!orth by the pet&t&o%er are not disputed

by the respo%de%t* or (here the !&%d&%$so! !a't o! the CA are prem&sed o%absence of evidence b#t are contradicted

by the e)&de%'e o! re'ord

Rule 45 Rule 35

The pet&t&o% &s based o%,ue!tion! o$ la) (h&'hthe appella%t des&res theappellate 'o#rt to resol)e

The pet&t&o% ra&ses the&ss#e as to (hether thelo(er 'o#rt a'ted withoutor in e cess or with

grave abuse of i!cretion

It &%)ol)es the re)&e( o!the "#d$me%t* a(ard or$inal order o% the %erit!

It may be d&re'ted a$a&%sta%interlocutory or er o! the 'o#rt prior toappeal !rom the "#d$me%tor (here there &s noappeal or any other

plain! speedy! adequateremedy


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It m#st be made (&th&%the re"le%entary perio$or appeal

It may be !&led %ot latertha%3 ay! !rom %ot&'eo! the "#d$me%t* order orresol#t&o% so#$ht to beassa&led

It !tay! the "#d$me%t*a(ard or order appealed!rom

It does not stay the'halle%$ed pro'eed&%$*

6LESS a (r&t o! prel&m&%ary &%"#%'t&o% ora temporary restra&%&%$order shall ha)e bee%&ss#ed

The pet&t&o%er a%drespo%de%t are theori"inal partie! to t'eaction * a%d the lo(er'o#rt or 7#as&8"#d&'&ala$e%'y &snot to be&mpleaded

The parties are thea$$r&e)ed party a$a&%st the lo(er 'o#rt or quasi"

judicial agency a%d the prevailing parties * (hothereby respe't&)ely

be'ome the pet&t&o%er a%drespo%de%ts

The pr&or !&l&%$ o! amot&o% !orre'o%s&derat&o% &snot re7#&red

A mot&o% !orre'o%s&derat&o% &s acon ition prece ent s#b"e't to 'erta&%e9'ept&o%s

The appellate 'o#rt &s &%the e9er'&se o! &tsappellate "#r&sd&'t&o%a%d po(er to re)&e(

The h&$her 'o#rte9er'&ses ori"inal

"#r&sd&'t&o% #%der &ts po(er o! 'o%trol a%ds#per)&s&o% o)er the

pro'eed&%$s o! lo(er'o#rts

Section 7. Time for filing# e tension. T'epetition !'all #e $ile )it'in 15 ay! $ro%notice o$ t'e &u "%ent or $inal or er orre!olution appeale $ro%( or o$ t'e enial o$t'e petitioner8! %otion $or ne) trial orrecon!i eration $ile in ue ti%e a$ter notice o$t'e &u "%ent. On %otion uly $ile an!er*e ( )it' $ull pay%ent o$ t'e oc9et anot'er la)$ul $ee! an t'e epo!it $or co!t!#e$ore t'e e piration o$ t'e re"le%entaryperio ( t'e SC %ay $or &u!ti$ia#le rea!on!"rant an e ten!ion o$ : ay! only )it'in)'ic' to $ile t'e petition.

The re$leme%tary per&od to appeal &s .3days !rom ser)&'e o! the "#d$me%t or !&%al orderor resol#t&o%

$owever * (&th&% that per&od* thea$$r&e)ed party may !&le a mot&o% !or %e( tr&al or

re'o%s&derat&o%a%d &! de%&ed* he shall ha)e theENTIRE .3 DAYS ALL OVER A+AIN !rom%ot&'e o! s#'h de%&al (&th&% (h&'h to !&le h&s

pet&t&o% !or re)&e( o% 'ert&orar& &% the SC

Section 3. Review discretionary . A re*ie) i!not a %atter o$ ri"'t ( #ut o$ !oun &u icial

i!cretion ( an )ill #e "rante only )'en t'ereare !pecial an i%portant rea!on! t'ere$ore.T'e $ollo)in"( )'ile neit'er controllin" nor$ully %ea!urin" t'e court8! i!cretion( in icatet'e c'aracter o$ t'e rea!on! )'ic' )ill #econ!i ere .

1. ;'en t'e court a ,uo 'a! eci e a,ue!tion o$ !u#!tance( not t'ereto$ore

eter%ine #y t'e SC( or 'a! eci eit in a )ay pro#a#ly not in accor )it'la) or )it' t'e applica#le eci!ion o$t'e SC< or

7. ;'en t'e court a ,uo 'a! !o $areparte $ro% t'e accepte an u!ual

cour!e o$ &u icial procee in"!( or !o$ar !anctione !uc' eparture #y alo)er court( a! to call $or an e erci!eo$ t'e po)er o$ !uper*i!ion.

Section =. Rule applicable to both civil andcriminal cases . T'e %o e o$ appealpre!cri#e in t'i! Rule !'all #e applica#le to#ot' ci*il an cri%inal ca!e!( e cept incri%inal ca!e! )'ere t'e penalty i%po!e i!

eat'( reclusion perpetua or li$e i%pri!on%ent .

Lecture2

Re%e ie! a$ter or a"ain!t $inal &u "%ent!or $inal or er!2

I. Sa%e Court

. R#le 15 ;NT< ;R / R#le 16 Rel&e! !rom "#d$me%t

II. Hi"'er Court


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1. Appeal

Ord&%aryR#le 2= ;TC to RTCR#le 2. RTC to CA or S>

Pet&t&o% !or re)&e( R#le 2/ RTC to CA

Pet&t&o% !or re)&e( o% 'ert&orar&R#le 23 o%ly to SC !rom a%y lo(er'o#rt? p#re 7#est&o% o! la(? SC 'a% alsota0e 7#est&o% o! !a't &! &t (a%ts to

@#as&8"#d&'&al bod&es are %ot &%'l#ded

7. Ori"inal action

R#le 25I! RTC CAI! ;TC RTC

R#le 43 8 Cert&orar&

7 !ta"e!

. Tr&al/ Appeal

7 >in ! o$ Re%e ie! :

. mer&ts/ (here mer&ts 'a% %o lo%$er be to#'hed

be'a#se "#d$me%t has already be'ome!&%al a%d e9e'#tory

Rule :?

I. 6e) Trial 7 -roun !

. F A ; E

E9tr&%s&' e)&de%'e

Party (as pre)e%ted !rom prese%t&%$e)&de%'e &% 'o#rt by F A ; E )al&d ormer&tor&o#s de!e%se

A party m#st 'la&m F A ; E #%der oath be'a#se F A ; E 'a%%ot be pres#med

/ Ne(ly d&s'o)ered e)&de%'e B%ot!or$otte% e)&de%'e

II. Recon!i eration t'eparty oe! not a!9 t'e

court to recei*e ne)e*i ence.

. E9'ess&)e Dama$e/ I%s#!!&'&e%'y o! e)&de%'e1 Co%trary to la(

;R 'a%%ot be set e9 parte ear&%$ &sre7#&red BD#e Pro'ess

E!!e't o! $ra%t o! ;NT "#d$me%t &s part&ally )a'ated

Pro !orma mot&o% the mot&o% &s !&ledmerely !or the sa0e o! !&l&%$ It &s pro !orma&!:

. I! &t !a&ls to 'o%!orm (&th the re7#&s&te pres'r&bed by spe'&!&' r#le E9 R#le 15

re7#&res oath

/ I! &t !a&ls to state the $ro#%d allo(ed bythe r#les

I! the mot&o% &s pro !orma* the per&od toappeal &s %ot &%terr#pted

I! o%ly a part o! the 'ase &s tr&ed a$a&%* o%lythat part &s a!!e'ted

Rule :@

;ore o! a% e7#&table remedy Co#rt o! la( e7#&ty WhyG >e'a#se at th&s sta$e* "#d$me%thas already be'ome !&%al a%d e9e'#tory

Co%d&t&o%: "#d$me%t &s %o lo%$er appl&'able

4= days !rom %ot&'e o! "#d$me%t* 4 mo%ths!rom e%try o! "#d$me%t

Restr&'t&o%s:

. s(or% stateme%t deta&l&%$ F A ; E/ s(or% stateme%t stat&%$ mer&tor&o#s

de!e%se

The 'o#rt &s %ot d#ty bo#%d to $ra%t rel&e!

Same 'ase* same 'o#rt

Rule 41

&$her 'o#rt e9er'&ses s#per)&s&o% o)er thelo(er 'o#rt


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Appeal does %ot reope% the e%t&re re'ords?o%ly spe'&!&' errors (h&'h appella%t ass&$%ed?see0s to set as&de the de'&s&o% o! the lo(er'o#rt

Cert&orar& a!!&rmat&)e $ro#%ds (h&'h aree9ter%al to the mer&ts o! the 'ase

Ord&%ary appeal appeal !rom the "#d$me%to! 'o#rt re%dered &% the . st &%sta%'e? (&th&%.3 days !rom re'e&pt o! de'&s&o% or !&%alorder

I! ;NT &s !&led* per&od &s &%terr#pted A!terthat* per&od &s res#med

Payme%t o! do'0et !ee &! %ot 'ompl&ed (&th*the appeal (&ll %ot be $&)e% d#e 'o#rse

Per!e'ted by a mere %ot&'e o! appeal

O%ly a$$r&e)ed part&es may appeal

O%ly s#bsta%t&)e re)ers&ble error

E9'ept&o%s to .38day per&od to appeal:

. shorter per&od 26 ho#rs !rom re'e&pt o!de'&s&o% &% habeas 'orp#s 'ases B>P ./H

/ lo%$er per&od 1= days or more

Whe% the re'ord o! appeal &s %e'essary:

a spe'&al pro'eed&%$s b &% all 'ases (here m#lt&ple

appeals are allo(ed

Re'ord o% appeal Se't&o% 4

Appeal &s a stat#tory r&$ht

Rule 45

R#le 23 7#est&o%s o! la( that ar&ses &% the. st &%sta%'e* %ot &% appellate &%sta%'e

R#le 23 lo(er 'o#rtsR#le 43 Co%Com B4= daysR#le 42 Co%Com B1= days

Rule 43ORI-I6AL CASES

Section 1. Title o$ ca!e!.

Section 7. To what actions applicable . T'i!rule !'all apply to ori"inal action! $orcertiorari( p ro'i#ition( %an a%u! an , uo

)arranto.

E cept a! ot'er)i!e pro*i e ( t'eaction! $or annul%ent o$ &u "%ent !'all #e"o*erne #y Rule 4? ( $or certiorari(pro'i#ition an %an a%u! #y Rule 35 ( an $or,uo )arranto #y Rule 33 .

Section 4. %urisdiction over person ofrespondent. T'e court !'all ac,uire

&uri! iction o*er t'e per!on o$ t'e re!pon ent#y t'e !er*ice on 'i% o$ it! or er or re!olution

in icatin" it! initial action on t'e petition or #y'i! *oluntary !u#%i!!ion to !uc' &uri! iction.

Section 5. &ction by court . T'e court %ayi!%i!! t'e petition outri"'t )it' !peci$ic

rea!on! $or !uc' i!%i!!al or re,uire t'ere!pon ent to $ile a co%%ent on t'e !a%e)it'in 1 ay! $ro% notice . Only plea in"!re,uire #y t'e court !'all #e allo)e . Allot'er plea in"! an paper! %ay #e $ile only)it' lea*e o$ court .

Rule 4?A66 L E6T O D- E6TS ORI6AL ORDERS A6D RESOL TIO6S

Section 1. Coverage . T'i! Rule !'all "o*ernt'e annul%ent #y t'e CA o$ &u "%ent! or $inalor er! an re!olution! in ci*il action! o$ RTC!$or )'ic' t'e or inary re%e ie! o$ ne) trial(appeal( petition $or r elie$ or ot'er appropriatere%e ie! are no lon"er a*aila#le t'rou"' no$ault o$ t'e petitioner .

A%%#lme%t o! a "#d$me%t &s a remedy &%la( in epen ent o! the 'ase (here the "#d$me%tso#$ht to be a%%#lled (as re%dered

The "#d$me%t may be a%%#lled o% the$ro#%d o! e trin!ic or collateral !ra#d

A perso% (ho &s not a party to the "#d$me%t may s#e !or &ts a%%#lme%t pro)&ded he


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'a% pro)e that the same (as obta&%ed thro#$h!ra#d or 'oll#s&o% a%d that he (o#ld be adverselyaffected thereby

A% a't&o% !or a%%#lme%t o! "#d$me%tmay be a)a&led o! e*en i$ the "#d$me%t to be

a%%#lled had already bee%$ully e ecute

or&mpleme%ted

Section 7. 'rounds for annulment . T'eannul%ent %ay #e #a!e only on t'e "roun !o$ e trin!ic $rau an lac9 o$ &uri! iction .

E trin!ic $rau !'all not #e a *ali"roun i$ it )a! a*aile o$( or coul 'a*e #eena*aile o$( in a %otion $or ne) trial or petition$or relie$ .

Section :. (eriod for filing of action . I$ #a!eon e trin!ic $rau ( t'e action %u!t #e $ile)it'in 4 year! $ro% it! i!co*ery < an i$ #a!eon lac9 o$ &uri! iction ( #e$ore it i! #arre #ylac'e! or e!toppel .

Lac'e! &t &s s#'h &%e9'#sable delay&% the assert&o% o! r&$hts or a !a&l#re to prose'#te a'la&m* (&th&% a reaso%able a%d proper per&od*(h&'h (arra%ts the pres#mpt&o% that a party has(a&)ed h&s r&$ht

For pro'ed#ral p#rposes* the e!toppelre!erred to here &s a't#ally estoppel by laches *(h&'h &s that !a&l#re to do someth&%$ (h&'hsho#ld be do%e to or to 'la&m or e%!or'e a r&$ht ata proper t&me or a %e$le't to do someth&%$ (h&'ho%e sho#ld do or to see0 or e%!or'e a r&$ht at a

proper t&me

Section 5. &ction by the court .

Section 3. (rocedure .

Th&s r#le has 7 !ta"e! :

. Prel&m&%ary e)al#at&o% o! the pet&t&o% !or pr&ma !a'&e mer&t there&% a%d

/ &% the a!!&rmat&)e* the &ss#a%'e o!s#mmo%s as &% ord&%ary '&)&l 'ases a%ds#'h appropr&ate pro'eed&%$s therea!teras 'o%templated &% Se't&o% 4

Section ?. )ffect of judgment . A &u "%ent o$annul%ent !'all !et a!i e t'e ,ue!tione

ocu%ent or $inal or er or re!olution anren er t'e !a%e null an *oi ( )it'outpre&u ice to t'e ori"inal action #ein" re$ille int'e proper court. Ho)e*er ( )'ere t'e

&u "%ent or $inal or er or re!olution i! !eta!i e on t'e "roun o$ e trin!ic $rau ( t'ecourt %ay on %otion or er t'e trial court totry t'e ca!e a! i$ a ti%ely %otion $or ne) trial'a #een "rante t'erein.

Section @. Suspension of prescriptive period . T'e pre!cripti*e perio $or t'e re$ilin" o$ t'ea$ore!ai ori"inal action !'all #e ee%e!u!pen e $ro% t'e $ilin" o$ !uc' ori"inalaction until t'e $inality o$ t'e &u "%ent o$annul%ent. Ho)e*er ( t'e pre!cripti*e perio!'all not #e !u!pen e )'ere t'e e trin!ic$rau i! attri#uta#le to t'e plainti$$ in t'eori"inal action.

Section =. Relief available . T'e &u "%ent o$annul%ent %ay inclu e t'e a)ar o$ a%a"e! (attorney8! $ee! an ot'er relie$.

I$ t'e ,ue!tione &u "%ent or $inalor er or re!olution 'a alrea y #een e ecute (t'e court %ay i!!ue !uc' or er! o$ re!titutionor ot'er relie$ a! &u!tice an e,uity %ay)arrant un er t'e circu%!tance!.

Section 1 . &nnulment of judgments or finalorders of *TCs . An action to annul a

&u "%ent or $inal or er o$ a TC !'all #e$ile in t'e RTC 'a*in" &uri! iction o*er t'e$or%er. It !'all #e treate a! an or inary ci*ilaction an !ection! 7( :( :( ?( @ an = o$ t'i!Rule !'all #e applica#le t'ereto.

Rule 4@PRELI I6ARY CO6 ERE6CE

Section 1. (reliminary conference . At any ti%eurin" t'e pen ency o$ a ca!e ( t'e court %ay

call t'e partie! an t 'eir coun!el to apreli%inary con$erence2

c. To con!i er t'e po!!i#ility o$ an a%ica#le!ettle%ent( e cept )'en t'e ca!e i! notallo)e #y la) to #e co%pro%i!e


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. To e$ine ( !i%pli$y an clari$y t'e i!!ue!$or eter%ination

Ot'er "roun ! $or t'e i!%i!!al o$ anappeal :

. >y a$reeme%t o! the part&es* as (here the'ase (as am&'ably settled by them

/ Where the appealed 'ase has be'omemoot or a'adem&'

1 Where the appeal &s !r&)olo#s or d&latory

It (as OR ERLY held that the !a&l#reo! the re'ord o% appeal to sho( o% &ts !a'e all the!a'ts re!le't&%$ the t&mel&%ess o! the appealre%ders &t ma%datory !or the appeal to bed&sm&ssed* as sa&d !a'ts are "#r&sd&'t&o%al

HO;E ER * th&s mater&al data r#lehas bee% l&beral& ed start&%$ (&th the 'ase o!Pi%entel *!. CA B,#%e /5* .H53

Section 7. ismissal of improper appeal to theC&. An appeal un er Rule 41 ta9en $ro% t'eRTC to t'e CA rai!in" only ,ue!tion! o$ la)!'all #e i!%i!!e ( i!!ue! purely o$ la) not#ein" re*ie)a#le #y !ai court. Si%ilarly( anappeal #y notice o$ appeal in!tea o$ #ypetition $or re*ie) $ro% t'e appellate

&u "%ent o$ a RTC !'all #e i!%i!!eoutri"'t.

-eneral rule : Appeals !rom the RTC!to t'e SC may be made o%ly by a petition forreview on certiorari

E ception : I% 'r&m&%al 'ases (here the pe%alty &mposed (as l&!e &mpr&so%me%t orre'l#s&o% perpet#a

Appeals !rom the RTC to t'e CA may be ta0e% e&ther by writ of error Bord&%ary appealor by petition for review

Section :. ,ithdrawal of appeal . An appeal%ay #e )it' ra)n a! o$ ri"'t at any ti%e#e$ore t'e $ilin" o$ t'e appelee8! #rie$ .T'erea$ter( t'e )it' ra)al %ay #e allo)e int'e i!cretion o$ t'e court .

Rule 51D- E6T

Section 1. ,hen the case deemed submitted for judgment . A ca!e !'all #e ee%e !u#%itte$or &u "%ent2

A. In or inary appeal! .

1. ;'ere no 'earin" o$ t'e la!t plea in"(#rie$( or %e%oran u% re,uire #yt'e Rule! or #y t'e court it!el$( or t'ee piration o$ t'e perio $or it! $ilin".

7. ;'ere !uc' a 'earin" i! 'el ( upon it!ter%ination or upon t'e $ilin" o$ t'ela!t plea in" or %e%oran u% a! %ay#e re,uire or per%itte to #e $ile#y t'e court( or t'e e piration o$ t'eperio $or it! $ilin".

B. In ori"inal action! anpetition! $or re*ie) .

1. ;'ere no co%%ent i! $ile ( upon t'ee piration o$ t'e perio to co%%ent .

7. ;'ere no 'earin" i! 'el ( upon t'e$ilin" o$ t'e court( or t'e e piration o$t'e perio $or it! $ilin".

:. ;'ere a 'earin" on t'e %erit! o$ t'e%ain ca!e i! 'el ( upon it! ter%inationor upon t'e $ilin" o$ t'e la!t plea in"or %e%oran u% a! %ay #e re,uireor per%itte to #e $ile #y t'e court(or t'e e piration o$ t'e perio $or it!$ilin".

La) o$ t'e ca!e It &s the opiniondel&)ered o% a former appeal It means that(hate)er &s o%'e &rre)o'ably establ&shed* as the'o%troll&%$ le$al r#le or de'&s&o% bet(ee% thesame part&es &% the same 'ase* 'o%t&%#es to be the

la( o! the 'ase* (hether 'orre't o% $e%eral pr&%'&ples or %ot* so lo%$ as the !a'ts o% (h&'hs#'h de'&s&o% (as pred&'ated 'o%t&%#e to be the!a'ts be!ore the 'o#rt

Section 7. +y whom rendered . T'e &u "%ent!'all #e ren ere #y t'e %e%#er! o$ t'e court)'o participate in t'e eli#eration on t'e%erit! o$ t'e ca!e #e$ore it! a!!i"n%ent to a%e%#er $or t'e )ritin" o$ t'e eci!ion.


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Section :. /uorum and voting in the court . T'eparticipation o$ all : u!tice! o$ a i*i!ion !'all#e nece!!ary at 'e eli#eration an t'eunani%ou! *ote o$ t'e : u!tice! !'all #e

re,uire $or t'e pronounce%ent o$ a &u "%entor $inal re!olution. I$ t'e : u!tice! o notreac' a unani%ou! *ote( t'e cler9 !'all entert'e *ote! o$ t'e i!!entin" u!tice! in t'erecor . T'erea$ter( t'e C'air%an o$ t'e

i*i!ion !'all re$er t'e ca!e( to"et'er )it' t'e%inute! o$ t'e eli#eration( to t'e Pre!i in"

u!tice )'o !'all e!i"nate 7 u!tice! c'o!en#y ra$$le $ro% a%on" all t'e ot'er %e%#er! o$t'e court to !it te%porarily )it' t'e%( $or%in"a !pecial i*i!ion o$ 5 u!tice! . T'eparticipation o$ all t'e 5 %e%#er! o$ t'e!pecial i*i!ion !'all #e nece!!ary $or t'e

eli#eration re,uire in !ection 7 o$ t'i! Rulean t'e concurrence o$ a %a&ority o$ !uc'

i*i!ion !'all #e re,uire $or t'epronounce%ent o$ a &u "%ent or $inalre!olution.

Section 4. isposition of a case . T'e CA ( int'e e erci!e o$ it! appellate &uri! iction( %aya$$ir% ( re*er!e ( or %o i$y t'e &u "%ent or$inal or er appeale $ro%( an %ay irect ane) trial or $urt'er procee in"! to #e 'a .

Section 5. Form of decision . E*ery eci!ion or$inal re!olution o$ t'e court in appeale ca!e!!'all clearly an i!tinctly !tate t'e $in in"! o$$act an t'e conclu!ion! o$ la) on )'ic' it i!#a!e ( )'ic' %ay #e containe in t'e eci!ionor $inal re!olution it!el$( or a opte $ro% t'o!e!et $ort' in t'e eci!ion( or er( or r e!olutionappeale $ro%.

W&th respe't to pet&t&o%s !or re)&e( a%dmot&o%s !or re'o%s&derat&o%* the Co%st&t#t&o%merely re7#&res a stateme%t o! the legal basis !orthe de%&al thereo! or re!#sal o! d#e 'o#rse thereto

Section 3. $armless error .

Section ?. %udgment where there are several parties .

Section @. /uestions that may be decided . 6oerror )'ic' oe! not a$$ect t'e &uri! ictiono*er t'e !u#&ect %atter or t'e *ali ity o$ t'e

&u "%ent appeale $ro% or t'e procee in"!t'erein )ill #e con!i ere unle!! !tate in t'ea!!i"n%ent o$ error! ( or clo!ely relate to or

epen ent on an a!!i"ne error an properlyar"ue in t'e #rie$( !a*e a! t'e court %ay pa!!upon plain error! an clerical error! .

-eneral rule : O%ly errors 'la&med a%dass&$%ed by a party (&ll be 'o%s&dered by the'o#rt

E ception : Errors a!!e't&%$ &ts jurisdiction over the subject matter or errorsa!!e't&%$ the validity of the judgment appealed!rom or the proceedings there&%

Section =. (romulgation and notice of judgment .

Section 1 . )ntry of judgments and finalresolutions .

Section 11. ) ecution of judgment . E cept)'ere t'e &u "%ent or $inal or er orre!olution( or a portion t'ereo$( i! or ere to#e i%%e iately e ecutory ( t 'e %otion $or it!e ecution %ay only #e $ile in t'e proper courta$ter it! entry.

In ori"inal action! in t'e CA ( it! )rito$ e ecution !'all #e acco%panie #y acerti$ie true copy o$ t'e entry o$ &u "%ent or$inal re!olution an a re!!e to anyappropriate o$$icer $or it! en$orce%ent.

In appeale ca!e! ( )'ere t'e %otion$or e ecution pen in" appeal i! $ile in t'e CAat a ti%e t'at it i! in po!!e!!ion o$ t'e ori"inal recor or t'e recor on appeal ( t'e re!olution"rantin" !uc' %otion !'all #e tran!%itte tot'e lo)er court $ro% )'ic' t'e ca!e ori"inateto"et'er )it' a certi$ie true copy o$ t'e

&u "%ent or $inal or er to #e e ecute ( )it' airecti*e $or !uc' court o$ ori"in to i!!ue t'e

proper )rit $or it! en$orce%ent .

-eneral rule : The e9e'#t&o% o! a "#d$me%t or !&%al resol#t&o% may be appl&ed !oro%ly a!ter &ts e%try

E ception : Where the same &s ordered to be &mmed&ately e9e'#tory


9/36


Rule 57OTIO6 OR RECO6SIDERATIO6

Section 1. (eriod for filing . A party %ay $ile a%otion $or recon!i eration o$ a &u "%ent or$inal re!olution )it'in 15 ay! $ro% noticet'ereo$( )it' proo$ o$ !er*ice on t'e a *er!eparty .

Section 7. Second motion for reconsideration . 6o !econ %otion $or recon!i eration o$ a

&u "%ent or $inal re!olution #y t'e !a%e party!'all #e entertaine .

Section :. Resolution of motion . In t'e CA ( a%otion $or recon!i eration !'all #e re!ol*e)it'in = ay! $ro% t'e ate )'en t'e court

eclare! it !u#%itte $or re!olution

Section 4. Stay of e ecution . T'e pen ency o$a %otion $or recon!i eration $ile on ti%e an#y t'e proper party !'all !tay t'e e ecution o$t'e &u "%ent or $inal re!olution !ou"'t to #erecon!i ere unle!! t 'e court( $or "oorea!on!( !'all ot'er)i!e irect.

Rule 5:6E; TRIAL

Section 1. (eriod for filing# ground . At anyti%e a$ter t'e appeal $ro% t'e lo)er court 'a!#een per$ecte an #e$ore t'e CA lo!e!

&uri! iction o*er t'e ca!e( a party %ay $ile a%otion $or a ne) trial on t'e "roun o$ ne)ly

i!co*ere e*i ence )'ic' coul not 'a*e #eeni!co*ere prior to t'e trial in t'e court #elo)

#y t'e e erci!e o$ ue ili"ence an )'ic' i! o$!uc' a c'aracter a! )oul pro#a#ly c'an"e t'ere!ult. T'e %otion !'all #e acco%panie #ya$$i a*it! !'o)in" t'e $act! con!titutin" t'e"roun ! t'ere$ore an t'e ne)ly i!co*eree*i ence.

A %otion $or recon!i eration B;Rmay be !&led (&th&%01 days !rom %ot&'e o! the

"#d$me%t o! !&%al resol#t&o% o! the CA

A %otion $or ne) trial B;NT may be!&led at a%y t&me a!ter per!e't&o% o! the appeal!rom the RTC a%d #p to b#t (&th&% 01 days !romser)&'e o! a 'opy o! the "#d$me%t or !&%alresol#t&o% o! the CA

A petition $or re*ie) on certiorariBPR by the SC may also be !&led (&th&% s#'h 01"day per&od !rom %ot&'e o! the "#d$me%t or !&%alresol#t&o% o! the CA*unless the party !&les e&thero! the a!oreme%t&o%ed / mot&o%s

A''ord&%$ly* (&th&% that re$leme%tary.38day* the a$$r&e)ed party ma !&le a ;R ? or a;NT * &! proper? or a PR to the SC The sa&d /mot&o%s shall be !&led &% CA* a%d the pet&t&o% (&thSC* (&th 'op&es ser)ed o% the ad)erse party &% all&%sta%'es

I! the party seaso%ably !&les a ;R &% theCA* the period to appeal &s set aside a%d he shallha)e a%other .3 days !rom re'e&pt o! theresol#t&o% o! sa&d 'o#rt de%y&%$ s#'h mot&o%(&th&% (h&'h toappeal by certiorari I! he !&les a;NT * the same pro'ed#re shall apply &% the e)e%to! &ts de%&alI% both &%sta%'es* the r#le o% thee!!e'ts o! pro forma mot&o%s shall be obser)ed

I! the party de'&des to pro'eed d&re'tly(&th a% appeal by 'ert&orar&* he sho#ld 'omply(&th all the re7#&reme%ts o! R#le 23 * a%d !&le h&s

pet&t&o%* s#!!&'&e%t &% !orm a%d s#bsta%'e* (&th&%the re$leme%tary 01"day period * or a motion fore tension o! that per&od #po% 'ompl&a%'e (&thSe't&o% /* R#le 23 The party (hose mot&o%s !orre'o%s&derat&o% or NT (as denied a%d (hodes&res to appeal to SC may also mo)e !or s#'he9te%ded per&od #po% the same terms preparatoryto a%d !or p#rposes o! the !&l&%$ o! h&s pet&t&o%

Section 7. $earings and orders .

Section :. Resolution of motion .

Section 4. (rocedure in new trial .

Rule 54I6TER6AL B SI6ESS

Rule 55P BLICATIO6 O D- E6TS A6D

I6AL RESOL TIO6S

Section 1. (ublication T'e &u "%ent! an$inal re!olution! o$ t'e court !'all #e pu#li!'ein t'e O- an in t'e Report! o$$iciallyaut'ori+e #y t'e court in t'e lan"ua"e in) 'ic' t'ey 'a*e #een ori"inally )ritten(to"et'er )it' t'e !ylla#i t'ere$ore prepare #yt'e reporter in con!ultation )it' t'e )riter!t'ereo$. e%oran a o$ all ot'er &u "%ent!an $inal re!olution! not !o pu#li!'e !'all #e


10/36


%a e #y t'e reporter an pu#li!'e in t'e O-an t'e aut'ori+e report! .

PROCED RE I6 THE SC

Rule 53A. ORI-I6AL CASES

Section 1. 2riginal cases cogni3able . Onlypetition! $or certiorari( p ro'i#ition(%an a%u!( , uo )arranto( ' a#ea! corpu!(

i!ciplinary procee in"! a"ain!t %e%#er! o$t'e &u iciary an attorney! ( an ca!e! a$$ectin"a%#a!!a or!( ot'er pu#lic %ini!ter! ancon!ul! %ay #e $ile ori"inally in t'e SC.

Section 7. Rules applicable .

B. APPEALED CASES

Section :. *ode of appeal . An appeal to t'eSC %ay #e ta9en only #y a petition $or re*ie)on certiorari ( e cept in cri%inal ca!e! )'eret'e penalty i%po!e i! eat'( r eclu!ionperpetua or li$e i%pri!on%ent.

Section 4. (rocedure .

Section 5. 'rounds for dismissal of appeal . T'e appeal %ay #e i!%i!!e motu proprio oron %otion o$ t'e re!pon ent on t'e $ollo)in""roun ! 2

a. ailure to ta9e t'e appeal )it'in t'ere"le%entary perio -T !a't#al&ss#es are &%)o0ed !or resol#t&o%

Section ?. (rocedure if opinion is equallydivided . ;'ere t'e court en #anc i! e,ually

i*i e in opinion ( or t'e nece!!ary %a&oritycannot #e 'a ( t'e ca!e !'all a"ain #e

eli#erate on( an i$ a$ter !uc' eli#erationno eci!ion i! reac'e ( t 'e ori"inal actionco%%ence in t'e court !'all #e i!%i!!e < inappeale ca!e! ( t'e &u "%ent or or erappeale $ro% !'all !tan a$$ir%e < an on allinci ental %atter! ( t'e petition or %otion !'all#e enie .

See: Art&'le VIII o! the .H65Co%st&t#t&o%* Se't&o%s 2* .1* .2* .3

The SC &s 'lothed (&th ample a#thor&tyto re)&e( matters* even if they are not ass&$%ed aserrors o% appeal* &! &t !&%ds that the&r 'o%s&derat&o%&snecessary &% arr&)&%$ at a "#st de'&s&o% o! the'ase

II. PRO ISIO6AL RE EDIES

A. PRELI I6ARY CO6SIDERATIO6S

Pro*i!ional Re%e ie! * also 0%o(% asancillary or a#9&l&ary remed&es* are (r&ts a%d

pro'esses a)a&lable d#r&%$ the pe%de%'y o! thea't&o% (h&'h may be resorted to by a l&t&$a%t to

preser)e a%d prote't 'erta&% r&$hts a%d &%tereststhere&% pe%d&%$ re%d&t&o%* a%d !or p#rposes o! the#lt&mate e!!e'ts* o! a !&%al "#d$me%t &% the 'ase


11/36


They are pro*i!ional be'a#se they'o%st&t#te temporary meas#res a)a&led o! d#r&%$the pe%de%'y o! the a't&o%

They are ancillary be'a#se they are

mere &%'&de%ts &% a%d are depe%de%t #po% theres#lt o! the ma&% a't&o%

>P ./H re7#&res that the ma&% 'asesho#ld be (&th&% the "#r&sd&'t&o% o! the &%!er&or'o#rt &% order that &t may $ra%t a%y o! thea!oresa&d pro)&s&o%al remed&es

Rule 5?PRELI I6ARY ATTACH E6T

Section 1. 'rounds upon which attachment mayissue . At t'e co%%ence%ent o$ t'e action orat any ti%e #e$ore entry o$ &u "%ent ( aplainti$$ or any proper party %ay 'a*e t'eproperty o$ t'e a *er!e party attac'e a!!ecurity $or t'e !ati!$action o$ any &u "%entt'at %ay #e reco*ere in t'e $ollo)in" ca!e! 2

a. In an action $or t'e reco*ery o$ a !peci$iea%ount o$ %oney or a%a"e! ( ot'er t'an%oral an e e%plary ( on a cau!e o$ actionari!in" $ro% la)( contract( , ua!i contract(

elict or , ua!i elict a"ain!t a party )'o i!a#out to epart $ro% t'e P'ilippine! )it'intent to e$rau 'i! cre itor!ased o% the availability a%d effects o!attac'%ent * &t may becla!!i$ie as:

. Preli%inary (h&'h &s resorted to at thecommencement o! the a't&o% or at anytime before e%try o! "#d$me%t* !or the

temporary sei3ure or property o! thead)erse party? a%d

/ inal or le*y upon e ecution (h&'h &sa)a&lable after the "#d$me%t &% themaina't&o% has be'ome e ecutory * a%d !or the

satisfaction of the said judgment

As to form a%d procedure ofenforcement * there &s:


12/36


. Re"ular $or% o! atta'hme%t (h&'hre!ers to corporeal property &% the

possession o! the party? a%d

/ -arni!'%ent (h&'h re!ers to mo%ey*

sto'0s* 'red&ts a%d other incorporeal property (h&'h belo%$ to the party b#t &s&% the possession or #%der the 'o%trol o!a 4rd person

Purpo!e! o! preli%inary attac'%entare:

. to sei3e the property o! the debtor &%ad)a%'e o! !&%al "#d$me%t a%d to hold &t

for purposes of satisfying the said judgment * or

/ to enable the 'o#rt to acquire jurisdiction o)er the a't&o% by the a't#alor 'o%str#'t&)e se& #re o! the property &%those &%sta%'es where personal serviceof summons on the creditor cannot beeffected

A procee in" in attac'%ent &sin re%(here the de!e%da%t does not appear* a%d inper!ona% (here he appears &% the a't&o%

A% i%ple%entin" )rit may be s&$%eda%d &ss#ed e&ther by the clerk of court or the

presiding judge >-T the or er 'a% ob)&o#sly bes&$%ed o%ly by the judge h&msel!

Section 7. 5ssuance and contents of order . Anor er o$ attac'%ent %ay #e i!!ue eit'er eparte or upon %otion )it' notice an 'earin"#y t'e court in )'ic' t'e action i! pen in"( or#y t'e CA or t'e SC ( an %u!t re,uire t'e!'eri$$ o$ t'e court to attac' !o %uc' o$ t'eproperty in t'e P'ilippine! o$ t'e party a"ain!t)'o% it i! i!!ue ( not e e%pt $ro% e ecution (a! %ay #e !u$$icient to !ati!$y t'e applicant8!

e%an ( unle!! !uc' party %a9e! epo!it or"i*e! a #on a! 'ereina$ter pro*i e in an

a%ount e,ual to t'at $i e in t'e or er( )'ic'%ay #e t'e a%ount !u$$icient to !ati!$y t'eapplicant8! e%an or t'e *alue o$ t 'eproperty to #e attac'e a! !tate #y t'eapplicant. Se*eral )rit! %ay #e i!!ue at t'e!a%e ti%e to t'e !'eri$$! o$ t'e court! o$

i$$erent &u icial re"ion! .

-otice a%d hearing are NOT re7#&red &%the &ss#a%'e o! a writ of preliminary attachment

Section :. &ffidavit and bond required . Anor er o$ attac'%ent !'al l #e "rante only)'en it appear! #y t'e a$$i a*it o$ t'eapplicant ( or o$ !o%e ot'er per!on )'oper!onally 9no)! t'e $act!( t'at a !u$$icientcau!e o$ action e i!t!( t'at t'e ca!e i! one o$t'o!e %entione in !ection 1 'ereo$( t'at t'erei! no ot'er !u$$icient !ecurity $or t'e clai%!ou"'t to #e en$orce #y t'e action( an t'att'e a%ount ue to t'e applicant ( or t'e *alueo$ t'e property t'e po!!e!!ion o$ )'ic' 'e i!entitle to reco*er( i! a! %uc' a! t'e !u% $or)'ic' t'e or er i! "rante a#o*e all le"alcounterclai%!. T'e a$$i a*it ( an t'e #onre,uire #y t'e ne t !uccee in" !ection ( %u!t#e uly $ile )it' t'e cler9 o$ t'e court #e$oret'e or er i!!ue!.

The $ra%t o! pro*i!ional re%e y o$attac'%ent bas&'ally &%)ol)es : !ta"e! :

1 !t 8 the 'o#rt issues the order $ra%t&%$ theappl&'at&o%?

7n 8 the writ issues p#rs#a%t to the order$ra%t&%$ the same? a%d

: r 8 the writ &s implemented

For the $ir!t 7 !ta"e! * &t &s NOT%e'essary that &uri! iction o*er t'e per!on o$t'e e$en ant sho#ld !&rst be obta&%ed

OWEVER* o%'e the action commences * the'o#rt m#st ha)e a'7#&red "#r&sd&'t&o% o)er thede!e%da%t* OT ERWISE* the 'o#rt has NO

po(er a%d a#thor&ty to a't &% a%y ma%%er a$a&%stor b&%d the de!e%da%t

Section 4. Condition of applicant6s bond . T'eparty applyin" $or t'e or er %u!t t'erea$ter"i*e a #on e ecute to t'e a *er!e party int'e a%ount $i e #y t'e court in it! or er

"rantin" t'e i!!uance o$ t'e )rit( con itionet'at t'e latter )ill pay all t'e co!t! )'ic' %ay#e a &u "e to t'e a *er!e party an all

a%a"e! )'ic' 'e %ay !u!tain #y rea!on o$t'e attac'%ent ( i$ t'e court !'all $inallya &u "e t'at t'e applicant )a! not entitlet'ereto .


13/36


-enerally * the l&ab&l&ty o% theatta'hme%t bo%d pro)&ded !or &% th&s se't&o% &sl&m&ted toactual a%a"e! * B T %oral a%de e%plary a%a"e! may be re'o)ered (here theatta'hme%t (as alle$ed a%d pro)ed to bemalicious

There &s NO r#le allo(&%$ !u#!titutiono! attac'e property although a% atta'hme%tmay be d&s'har$ed (holly or &% part #po% the

security of a counter"bond o!!ered by thede!e%da%t #po% appl&'at&o% to the 'o#rt* (&th%ot&'e to a%d a!ter hear&%$ the atta'h&%$ 'red&tor?or #po% appl&'at&o% o! the de!e%da%t* (&th %ot&'eto the atta'h&%$ 'red&tor a%d a!ter hear&%$* &! &tappears that the atta'hme%t (as &mproperly or&rre$#larly &ss#ed

Section 5. *anner of attaching property . T'e!'eri$$ en$orcin" t'e )rit !'all )it'out elayan )it' all rea!ona#le ili"ence attac' ( toa)ait &u "%ent an e ecution in t'e action (only !o %uc' o$ t'e property in t'e P'ilippine!o$ t'e party a"ain!t )'o% t'e )rit i! i!!ue (not e e%pt $ro% e ecution ( a! %ay #e!u$$icient to !ati!$y t'e applicant8! e%an (unle!! t'e $or%er %a9e! a epo!it )it' t'ecourt $ro% )'ic' t'e )rit i! i!!ue ( or "i*e! acounter#on e ecute to t'e applicant( in ana%ount e,ual to t'e #on $i e #y t'e court int'e or er o$ attac'%ent or to t'e *alue o$ t'eproperty to #e attac'e ( e clu!i*e o$ co!t!. 6ole*y on attac'%ent pur!uant to t'e )rit i!!ueun er !ection 7 'ereo$ !'all #e en$orce unle!!it i! prece e ( or conte%poraneou!lyacco%panie ( #y !er*ice o$ !u%%on!( to"et'er)it' a copy o$ t'e co%plaint( t'e application$or attac'%ent( t'e applicant8! a$$i a*it an#on ( an t'e or er an ) rit o$ attac'%ent( ont'e e$en ant )it'in t'e P'ilippine!.

T'e re,uire%ent o$ prior orconte%poraneou! !er*ice o$ !u%%on! !'all notapply )'ere t'e !u%%on! coul not #e !er*eper!onally or #y !u#!titute !er*ice e!pite

ili"ent e$$ort!( or t'e e$en ant i! a re!i ent

o$ t'e P'ilippine! te%porarily a#!entt'ere$ro%( or t'e e$en ant i! a non re!i ento$ t'e P'ilippine!( or t'e action i! one in rem orquasi in rem .

Section 3. Sheriff6s return . A$ter en$orcin" t'e)rit ( t 'e !'eri$$ %u!t li9e)i!e )it'out elay%a9e a return t'ereon to t'e court $ro% )'ic't'e )rit i!!ue ( )it' a $ull !tate%ent o$ 'i!p rocee in"! un er t'e )rit an a co%plete

in*entory o$ t'e property attac'e ( to"et'er)it' any counter #on "i*en #y t'e partya"ain!t )'o% attac'%ent i! i!!ue ( an !er*ecopie! t'ereo$ on t'e applicant.

Section 5 'ompleme%ts the pro'i#itiona$a&%st e ce!!i*e atta'hme%t o% the ad)erse partyJs property* by pro)&d&%$ that le)y o%atta'hme%t shall be limited only to so m#'h o! the

property as may be s#!!&'&e%t to sat&s!y theappl&'a%tJs dema%d

;ore &mporta%tly* &t &s NOWRE@-IRED that s#'h le)y shall %ot be madeunless prece e or conte%poraneou!lya''ompa%&ed by !er*ice o$ !u%%on! to$ether(&th a 'opy o! the 'ompla&%t* appl&'at&o% !oratta'hme%t* a!!&da)&t a%d bo%d o! the appl&'a%t*a%d the (r&t o! atta'hme%t

The EKCEPTIONS !rom s#'hre7#&reme%t or ser)&'e o! s#mmo%s are &% the7n

para"rap' o$ t'e !ection

Section ?. &ttachment of real and personal property# recording thereof . Real an per!onalproperty !'all #e attac'e #y t'e !'eri$$e ecutin" t'e )rit in t'e $ollo)in" %anner2

a. Real property( or "ro)in" crop! t'ereon(or any intere!t t'erein( !tan in" upon t'erecor ! o$ t'e re"i!try o$ ee ! o$ t'epro*ince in t'e na%e o$ t'e party a"ain!t)'o% attac'%ent i! i!!ue ( or notappearin" at all upon !uc' recor !( or#elon"in" to t'e party a"ain!t )'o%attac'%ent i! i!!ue an 'el #y any ot'erper!on( or !tan in" on t'e recor ! or t'ere"i!try o$ ee ! in t'e na%e o$ any ot'erper!on #y $ilin" )it' t'e re"i!try o$ ee !a copy o$ t'e or er( to"et'er )it' a

e!cription o$ t'e property attac'e ( an anotice t'at it i! attac'e ( or t'at !uc' realproperty an any intere!t t'erein 'el #yor !tan in" in t'e na%e o$ !uc' ot'er

per!on are attac'e ( an #y lea*in" acopy o$ !uc' or er( e!cription( an notice)it' t'e occupant o$ t'e property( i$ any(or )it' !uc' ot'er per!on or 'i! a"ent i$$oun )it'in t'e pro*ince. ;'ere t'eproperty 'a! #een #rou"'t un er t'eoperation o$ eit'er t'e Lan Re"i!trationAct or t'e Property Re"i!tration Decree(t'e notice !'all contain a re$erence to t'enu%#er o$ t'e certi$icate o$ title( t'e


14/36


*olu%e an pa"e in t'e re"i!tration #oo9)'ere t'e certi$icate i! re"i!tere ( an t'ere"i!tere o)ner or o)ner! t'ereo$.

T'e re"i!trar o$ ee ! %u!t in eattac'%ent! $ile un er t'i! !ection in t'ena%e! o$ t'e applicant( t'e a *er!e party(or t'e per!on #y )'o% t'e property i!'el or in )'o!e na%e it !tan ! in t'erecor !. I$ t'e attac'%ent i! not clai%eon t'e entire area o$ t'e lan co*ere #yt'e certi$icate o$ title( a e!cription!u$$iciently accurate $or t'e i enti$icationo$ t'e lan or intere!t to #e a$$ecte !'all#e inclu e in t'e re"i!tration o$ !uc'attac'%ent.

#. Per!onal property capa#le o$ %anualeli*ery( #y ta9in" an !a$ely 9eepin" in

'i! cu!to y( a$ter i!!uin" t'ecorre!pon in" receipt t'ere$or-T the "#d$me%t(as a$a&%st the atta'hme%t 'red&tor

Section 7 . Claim for damages on account ofimproper! irregular or e cessive attachment .

Th&s se't&o% $o)er%s the 'o%se7#e%'es(here the atta'h&%$ 'red&tor !a&ls to s#sta&% h&sa't&o% a%d "#d$me%t &s re%dered a$a&%st h&m

OWEVER* e)e% &! "#d$me%t (asre%dered a$a&%st the atta'h&%$ 'red&tor >-T he

pro)es that he a'ted &% +OOD FAIT &% pro'#r&%$ s#'h prel&m&%ary atta'hme%t* thead)erse party CANNOT re'o)er o% theatta'hme%t bo%d

The appl&'at&o% !or dama$es m#st be

made by a CO-NTERCLAI; &% the a%s(er or by ;OTION &% the same a't&o%

I! the 'ase &s appealed a%d the "#d$me%to! the appellate 'o#rt &s &% !a)or o! the party(hose property (as atta'hed* he 'a% as0 !ordama$es s#sta&%ed by h&m D-RIN+ T EPENDENCY OF T E APPEAL by !&l&%$ amot&o% &% the appellate 'o#rt at a%y t&me be!ores#'h "#d$me%t o% appeal be'omes e9e'#tory*>-T &! he d&d NOT apply !or dama$es &% the TC*he CANNOT as0 !or dama$es during the

pendency of the trial by mot&o% &% the appellate'o#rt

The pro'ed#re !or 'la&m&%$ dama$eso#tl&%ed &% Se' /= &sE CL SI E * he%'e s#'h'la&ms !or dama$es CANNOT be the s#b"e't o!a%independent action *E CEPT :

. Where the pr&%'&pal 'ase (as d&sm&ssed!or la'0 o! "#r&sd&'t&o% by the TC(&tho#t $&)&%$ a% opport#%&ty to the

party (hose property (as atta'hed toapply !or a%d pro)e h&s 'la&m !ordama$es? a%d

/ Where the dama$es by reaso% o! theatta'hme%t (as s#sta&%ed by a : r

per!on (ho (as not a party to thea't&o% (here&% s#'h (r&t (as &ss#ed

The 'la&m !or dama$es a$a&%st the bo%d&% a% alle$ed (ro%$!#l atta'hme%t 'a% o%ly beso#$ht &% the same 'o#rt (here the bo%d (as !&leda%d the atta'hme%t (as &ss#ed

The pro'ed#re #%der th&s se't&o% &sd&!!ere%t !orm that &%Section 1? o$ t'i! Rulere$ard&%$ the l&ab&l&ty o! the s#rety o% the'o#%ter8bo%d posted !or the l&!t&%$ o! the

prel&m&%ary atta'hme%t* #%der (h&'h the s#retymay be held l&able a!ter %ot&'e a%d s#mmary

hear&%$ a!ter e9e'#t&o% o! the "#d$me%t (asret#r%ed #%sat&s!&ed

Rule 5@PRELI I6ARY I6 6CTIO6

Section 1 (reliminary injunction defined#classes.

In&unction &s a "#d&'&al (r&t* pro'essor pro'eed&%$ (hereby a party &s ordered to do orre!ra&% !rom do&%$ a part&'#lar a't It may be a%

action in it!el$ * bro#$ht spe'&!&'ally to restra&% or'omma%d the per!orma%'e o! a% a't* or &t may "#st be a pro*i!ional re%e y !or a%d as a%&%'&de%t &% the ma&% a't&o% (h&'h may be !orother rel&e!s

The pri%ary purpo!e o$ in&unction &sto preser)e the stat#s 7#o by restra&%&%$ a't&o% or&%ter!ere%'e or by !#r%&sh&%$ pre)e%t&)e rel&e!

The !tatu! ,uo &s the la!t( actual(peacea#le( unconte!te !tatu! )'ic' prece e!t'e pen in" contro*er!y

Th&s r#le deals (&th &%"#%'t&o% as apro*i!ional re%e y

I%"#%'t&o% may be:

. Preli%inary &t &s a% order $ra%ted ata%y sta$e o! a% a't&o% pr&or to the

"#d$me%t or !&%al order there&%

/ inal &t &s o%e &ss#ed &% the "#d$me%t&% the 'ase perma%e%tly restra&%&%$ thede!e%da%t or ma0&%$ the prel&m&%ary&%"#%'t&o% per!orma%e%t

I%"#%'t&o% may also be:

. Pre*enti*e &t re7#&res a perso% tore!ra&% !rom a part&'#lar a't?

/ an atory &t re7#&res the per!orma%'e o! a part&'#lar a't


17/36


A %an atory in&unction &s a%e tremeremedy a%d (&ll be $ra%ted o%ly o% a sho(&%$that:

. The &%)as&o% o! the r&$ht &s mater&al a%ds#bsta%t&al*

/ The r&$ht o! the 'ompla&%a%t &s 'lear a%d#%m&sta0able* a%d

1 There &s a% #r$e%t a%d paramo#%t%e'ess&ty !or the (r&t to pre)e%t ser&o#sdama$es

2 The e!!e't o! the ma%datory &%"#%'t&o%(o#ld not be to 'reate a %e( relat&o%

bet(ee% them (h&'h (as arb&trar&ly&%terr#pted by the de!e%da%t

Di!tinction! bet(ee% &%"#%'t&o% a%d proh&b&t&o%:

In&unction Pro'i#ition

It &s $e%erally d&re'teda$a&%st a party &% thea't&o%

It &s d&re'ted a$a&%st a'o#rt* tr&b#%al or perso%e9er'&s&%$ "#d&'&al

po(ers

It does NOT &%)ol)e the "#r&sd&'t&o% o! the 'o#rt

It may be o% the $ro#%dthat the 'o#rt a$a&%st

(hom the (r&t &s so#$hta'ted (&tho#t or &%e9'ess o! "#r&sd&'t&o%

It may be the ma&%a't&o% &tsel!* or "#st a

pro)&s&o%al remedy &%the ma&% a't&o%

It &s al(ays &% a ma&%a't&o% e%'e* !ortemporary restra&%t &% a

pro'eed&%$ !or proh&b&t&o%* prel&m&%ary&%"#%'t&o% m#st beso#$ht there&%

-eneral rule : Co#rts sho#ld a)o&d&ss#&%$ a (r&t o! prel&m&%ary &%"#%'t&o% (h&'h &%e!!e't d&sposes o! the ma&% 'ase (&tho#t tr&al

I% the &ss#a%'e o! a (r&t o! prel&m&%ary&%"#%'t&o%* the 'o#rts are $&)e% s#!!&'&e%t

i!cretion to determ&%e the %e'ess&ty o! the $ra%tthereo!* (&th the 'a)eat that e treme caution beobser)ed &% the e9er'&se o! s#'h d&s'ret&o%

Section 7 ,ho may grant preliminary injunction.

uri! ictional rule! &% prel&m&%ary

&%"#%'t&o%:

. The SC 'a% &ss#e the preli%inary (r&t&% 'ases o% appeal be!ore &t or &% or&$&%ala't&o%s 'omme%'ed there&%

OWEVER* a% ori"inal a't&o% !or&%"#%'t&o% &s o#ts&de the "#r&sd&'t&o% o!the SC b#t m#st be !&led &% the TC orCA

/ -%der Section = F1G o$ BP 17= * the CA'a% &ss#eau iliary )rit! whether or notthese are in aid of its appellate

jurisdiction Desp&te th&s 'ha%$e &%le$&slat&o%* NO s#'hau iliary (r&ts 'a%l&0e(&se be &ss#ed &! the "#d$me%t o! thelo(er 'o#rt has already be'ome final a%de ecutory * 6LESS the (r&t &s prayed!or as a pro)&s&o%al remedy &% a%ORI-I6AL a't&o% !&led &% theCA'halle%$&%$ or see0&%$ to restra&% thee%!or'eme%t o! sa&d "#d$me%t or toa%%#l the same as &%Rule 4?

1 A C I had "#r&sd&'t&o% to &ss#e (r&ts o! prel&m&%ary &%"#%'t&o% &% 'ases pendingbefore it a%d those pe%d&%$ &%inferiorcourts (&th&% &ts terr&tor&al "#r&sd&'t&o%HO;E ER

a The "#r&sd&'t&o% o! CFI torestra&% a'ts by a (r&t o!&%"#%'t&o% (as l&m&ted to those

be&%$ or abo#t to be 'omm&ttedwithin its territorial

jurisdiction

b It 'o#ld NOT &ss#e (r&ts o! prel&m&%ary &%"#%'t&o% &%unfairlabor practices

' It 'o#ld NOT &ss#e a (r&t o! prel&m&%ary &%"#%'t&o% a$a&%stthe Social Security Commission

d It 'o#ld NOT &%ter!ere by&%"#%'t&o% (&th the "#d$me%t o!a court of concurrent orcoordinate jurisdiction *pro*i e the rel&e! so#$ht by


18/36


s#'h &%"#%'t&o% &s o%e (h&'h'o#ld be $ra%ted by the 'o#rt(h&'h re%dered the "#d$me%t*or (he% %o 1 rd party 'la&ma%t &s&%)ol)ed

Section :.'rounds for issuance of preliminaryinjunction.

-eneral rule : I%"#%'t&o% does %ot l&e torestra&% the e%!or'eme%t o! a la( alle$ed to be#%'o%st&t#t&o%al

E ception : I! &t (&ll res#lt &% &%"#ry tor&$hts &% pr&)ate property

Section 4. 7erified application and bond for preliminary injunction or temporary restraining

order.

Tho#$h the term &s somet&mes #sed as asy%o%ym o! injunction * are!trainin" or er &sd&st&%$#&shable !rominjunction &% that the$or%er&s &%te%ded o%ly as a restra&%t #po% the de!e%da%t#%t&l the propr&ety o! $ra%t&%$ a% &%"#%'t&o%*temporary or perpet#al* 'a% be determ&%ed* a%d &tdoes no more tha% restra&% the pro'eed&%$s #%t&ls#'h determ&%at&o%

Section 5. (reliminary injunction not granted

without notice# e ception.

The e9e'#t&)e "#d$e o! a %ultiple 8sala'o#rt* or the pres&d&%$ "#d$e o! a s&%$le8sala'o#rt* &s empo(ers to &ss#e e parte a TRO #ut :

. It shall be e!!e't&)e !or o%ly 5/ ho#rs?

/ e shall &mmed&ately 'omply (&thSe't&o% 2 re$ard&%$ ser)&'e o! s#mmo%sa%d a''ompa%y&%$ do'#me%ts* a%d

1 e shall 'o%d#'t a s#mmary hear&%$(&th&% sa&d 5/ ho#rs to determ&%e(hether the restra&%&%$ order shall bee9te%ded #%t&l the appl&'at&o% !or

prel&m&%ary &%"#%'t&o% bee% be heard

-eneral rule : The per&od o! e!!e't&)&tyo! TRO &s /= days !rom notice to the party or

person to be enjoined

E ception : Secon para"rap' o$ t'i!!ection The /=8day per&od &s also ma&%ta&%ed(&th the spe'&!&'at&o% that the or&$&%al?7 'our! &sre'0o%ed !rom &ts issuance It res#lts that the /=8day per&od shall be 'omp#ted !rom the date o!

ISSUANCE o! the TRO* a%d not the date o! &ts

re'e&pt by the ad)erse party or perso% to bee%"o&%ed

In&ury &s 'o%s&dered irrepara#le &! &t&s o! s#'h 'o%sta%t a%d !re7#e%t re'#rre%'e that%o !a&r or reaso%able redress 'a% be had there!ore&% a 'o#rt o! la(* OR (here there &s %o sta%dard

by (h&'h the&r amo#%t 'a% be meas#red (&threaso%able a''#ra'y* that &s* &t &s %ot s#s'ept&bleo! mathemat&'al 'omp#tat&o%

Section 3. 'rounds for objection to! or formotion of dissolution of! injunction or restrainingorder.

Section ?. Service of copies of bonds# effect ofdisapproval of the same.

I%"#%'t&o% #%der these se't&o%s may bere$u!e or i!!ol*e &!:

. The 'ompla&%t &s &%s#!!&'&e%t?

/ The de!e%da%t &s perm&tted to post a'o#%ter8bo%d* &t appear&%$ that he (o#lds#sta&% $reat dama$es (h&le the pla&%t&!!'a% be amply 'ompe%sated? a%d< or

1 O% other $ro#%ds* as (here the bo%d posted by appl&'a%t t#r%ed o#t to be&%s#!!&'&e%t or de!e't&)e

Section @. %udgment to include damages against party and sureties.

Section =. ,hen final injunction granted. I$a$ter t'e trial o$ t'e action it appear! t'at t'eapplicant i! entitle to 'a*e t'e act or act!co%plaine o$ per%anently en&oine ( t'e court!'all "rant a $inal in&unction perpetualre!trainin" t'e party or per!on en&oine $ro%t'e co%%i!!ion or continuance o$ t'e act oract! or con$ir%in" t'e preli%inary %an atoryin&unction.

Rule 5=RECEI ERSHIP


19/36


Section 1. &ppointment or receiver.

Recei*er!'ip may be the principalaction &tsel! or "#st a% ancillary re%e y &! a

pr&%'&pal a't&o% &s &%d&'ated #%der the'&r'#msta%'es o! the 'ase

A recei*er & s a per!on appointe #yt'e court in #e'al$ o$ all t'e partie! to anaction $or t'e purpo!e o$ pre!er*in" t'eproperty in*ol*e in t'e !uit an to protect t'eri"'t! o$ all t'e partie! un er t'e irection o$t'e court

-eneral rule : A party to a l&t&$at&o%sho#ld NOT be appo&%ted as a re'e&)er (&tho#tthe 'o%se%t o! the other part&es thereto

Wh&le the perfection of an appealdepr&)es the TC o! "#r&sd&'t&o% o)er the 'ase* theTC 'a% appo&%t a re'e&)er s&%'e th&s doesnot&%)ol)e a%y matter l&t&$ated by the appeal

The appellate 'o#rt may allo( theappl&'at&o% !or the appo&%tme%t o! a re'e&)er to be!&led &% a%d de'&ded by thecourt a quo (h&'hshall also ha)e 'o%trol o)er s#'h re'e&)er

Th&s se't&o% NOW allo( a )er&!&edmot&o% to be !&led (here the re'e&)ersh&p so#$ht&s ONLY a% &%'&de%t &% the ma&% a't&o%

-%der BP 17= * all &%!er&or 'o#rtsBm#%&'&pal* et' NOW ha)e "#r&sd&'t&o% toappo&%t a re'e&)er &! the ma&% 'ase &s (&th&% the&r

"#r&sd&'t&o%

Section 7. +ond on appointment of receiver.

Section :. enial of application or discharge ofreceiver.

Section 4. 2ath and bond of receiver.

Section 5. Service of copies of bonds# effect ofdisapproval of the same..

A re'e&)ersh&p may be enie or li$te :

. I! the appo&%tme%t so#$ht or $ra%ted &s(&tho#t s#!!&'&e%t 'a#se* as (here there&s %o %e'ess&ty there!ore or &t &s %ot a

proper 'ase !or re'e&)ersh&p*

/ I! the ad)erse party !&les a s#!!&'&e%t bo%d to a%s(er !or dama$es*

1 Where the bo%d posted by the appl&'a%t!or the $ra%t o! re'e&)ersh&p &s

&%s#!!&'&e%t* or 2 I! the bo%d o! the re'e&)er &s &%s#!!&'&e%t

Section 3. 'eneral powers of receiver.

Th&s &s a%other &%sta%'e (here a perso%(ho &s not the real party in interest &s a#thor& edto s#e as a repre!entati*e party #%der Section :(Rule :

-eneral rule : Re'e&)ersh&p 'a%%ot be

e!!e'ted (&th respe't to property &% custodia legisE CEPTIO6 : Where the property &% the '#stodyo! a% adm&%&strator or e9e'#tor &s &% da%$er o!&mm&%e%t loss or &%"#ry* a re'e&)er may beappo&%ted by the probate 'o#rt

Section ?. 8iability for refusal or neglect todeliver property to receiver.

Section @. Termination of receivership#compensation of receiver.

Section =. %udgment to include recovery against sureties.

Where* ho(e)er* the dama$es s#sta&%ed(ere NOT by reaso% o! the appo&%tme%t o! there'e&)er >-T d#e to the re'e&)erJs o(%mal!easa%'e* the re'o)ery !or dama$es shall bea$a%st the bo%d o! the re'e&)er a%d may bere'o)ered &% a separate a't&o%* a%d %ot by meremot&o% &% the 'ase (here&% the re'e&)ersh&p (as$ra%ted

-eneral rule : A "#d$me%t &% are'e&)ersh&p a't&o% shall NOT be stayed a!ter &tsre%d&t&o% a%d be!ore a% appeal &s ta0e% or d#r&%$the pe%de%'y o! a% appeal E CEPTIO6 :other(&se ordered by the 'o#rt

Rule 3REPLE I6

Section 1. &pplication.


20/36


Th&spro*i!ional re%e y o! reple)&% &sa)a&lable (here the principal purpose of theaction &s to re'o)er the possess&o% o! per!onal

property

Di!tinction!:

Reple*in Attac'%ent

It &s a)a&lable o%ly(here the pr&%'&palrel&e! so#$ht &% thea't&o% &s the re'o)ery o!

possess&o% o! perso%al property* the otherrel&e!s* l&0e dama$es*

be&%$ merely &%'&de%talthereto

It &s a)a&lable e)e% &! there'o)ery o! perso%al

property &s o%ly a%&%'&de%tal rel&e! so#$ht&% the a't&o%

It 'a% be so#$ht o%ly(here the de!e%da%t &s&% the a't#al or'o%str#'t&)e possess&o%o! the perso%alty&%)ol)ed

It may be resorted toe)e% &! the perso%al

property &s &% the'#stody o! a 1rd perso%

It e9te%ds o%ly to perso%al property'apable o! ma%#al

del&)ery

It e9te%ds to all 0&%ds o! property (hether real*

perso%al or &%'orporeal

It &s a)a&lable to re'o)er perso%al property e)e%&! the same &s %ot be&%$'o%'ealed* remo)ed ord&sposed o!

Atta'hme%t to re'o)erthe possess&o% o!

perso%al property#%"#stly deta&%ed

pres#pposes that thesame &s be&%$ 'o%'ealed*remo)ed or d&sposed o!to pre)e%t &ts be&%$!o#%d or ta0e% by theappl&'a%t

It 'a%%ot be a)a&led o! &!the property &s &%custodia legis * as (here&t &s #%der atta'hme%t or(as se& ed #%der asear'h (arra%t

It 'a% st&ll be resorted toe)e% &! the property &s &%custodia legis

Section 7. &ffidavit and bond.

I%reple*in 8 the bo%d to be posted by theappl&'a%t m#st be do#ble the )al#e o! the propertyso#$ht to be re'o)ered

I%attac'%ent 8 the bo%d &s &% s#'h amo#%t asmay be !&9ed by the 'o#rt* %ot e9'eed&%$ theappl&'a%tJs 'la&m or e7#al to the )al#e o! the

property to be atta'hed

I%in&unction 8 the amo#%t o! the bo%d m#stalso be !&9ed by the 'o#rt

I%recei*er!'ip 8 a bo%d &s %o( al(ays re7#&redo! the appl&'a%t a%d shall be &% the s#m !&9ed bythe 'o#rt &% &ts d&s'ret&o%

Section :. 2rder.

Section 4. uty of the sheriff.

Section 5. Return of property.

Section 3. isposition of property by sheriff.

The de!e%da%t &s e%t&tled to the ret#r% o!the poperty ta0e% #%der a (r&t o! reple)&%* &!:

. e seaso%able posts a redel&)ery bo%d?

/ The pla&%t&!!Js bo%d &s !o#%d to be&%s#!!&'&e%t or de!e't&)e a%d &s %otrepla'ed (&th a proper bo%d? or

1 The property &s NOT del&)ered to the pla&%t&!! !or a%y reaso%

Section ?. (roceedings where property claimedby 4 rd person.

Section @. Return of papers.

Section =. %udgment.

Section 1 . %udgment to include recovery against sureties.

A reple*in #on &s s&mply &%te%ded to&%dem%&!y the de!e%da%t a$a&%st a%y loss that hemay s#!!er by be&%$ 'ompelled to s#rre%der the

possess&o% o! the d&sp#ted property pe%d&%$ tr&alo! the a't&o%


21/36


Rule 31S PPORT PE6DE6TE LITE

Section 1. &pplication.

Section 7.Comment.

Section :. $earing.

Section 1 ma0es th&s pro)&s&o%al remedya)a&lable not only to pla&%t&!!but also to a%y party&% the a't&o%

Where the ri"'t to !upport &sput ini!!ue by the plead&%$s or the !a't !rom (h&'h ther&$ht o! s#pport ar&ses &s &% 'o%tro)ersy or has %ot

bee% establ&shed* the 'o#rt CANNOT $ra%t

s#pport pendente liteSection 4. 2rder.

Section 5. )nforcement of order.

Wh&le a% order !or s#pport pendente lite&sinterlocutory * the same* however * &s s#b"e't toe ecution >e&%$ a% &%terlo'#tory order a%d o%e!or s#pport* the same may be modified at a%ysta$e o! the pro'eed&%$s The RE EDY * &! theorder &s (&th grave abuse of discretion * &s

certiorari )it' preli%inary in&unction

The s#pport $ra%ted #%der th&s R#le &spro*i!ional &% %at#re a%d the a't#al amo#%t a%dterms o! &ts payme%t shall be determ&%ed &% the

final "#d$me%t I! the "#d$me%t &sin $a*or o$ t'ee$en ant * the s#pport pendente lite &s

discontinued a%d the 'o#rt sho#ld ma0e !&%d&%$sa%d pro)&s&o%s !or therestitution o! the amo#%ts#%"#st&!&edly re'e&)ed as s#pport pendente lite

The CA may $ra%t s#pport pendente lite *during the pendency of the appeal there&%* (hereno appl&'at&o% there!ore (as !&led a%d


22/36


There are 4 special civil actions (h&'h'a% be !&led &% or (&th&% the "#r&sd&'t&o% o! the&%!er&or 'o#rts* orcourt! o$ t'e 1 !t le*el :

. I%terpleader* pro)&ded the amo#%t &s(&th&% &ts "#r&sd&'t&o%

/ E"e'tme%t s#&ts1 Co%tempt

Rule 13 o% mot&o% to d&sm&ss &sappl&'able &% spe'&al '&)&l a't&o%s

-%der Section = o$ BP 17= * the IAC hador&$&%al "#r&sd&'t&o% to &ss#ewrits of certiorari!

prohibition! mandamus and quo warranto WON&% a&d o! &ts appellate "#r&sd&'t&o%

Rule 37I6TERPLEADER

Section 1. 5nterpleader when proper.

Section 7. 2rder.

Section :. Summons.

Section 4. *otion to dismiss.

Section 5. &nswer and other pleadings.

Section 3. etermination.

Section ?. ocket and other lawful fees! costsand litigation e penses as liens.

The pro)&s&o%s o!Rule 13 may also bea)a&led o! &% spe'&al '&)&l a't&o%s (he%e)er the

prel&m&%ary ob"e't&o%s there&% may !eas&bly be&%)o0ed $owever * the i%propriety o$ re!ortin"to an interplea er action may be ra&sed as a

special ground &% add&t&o% to those pro)&ded &%R#le .4

Where there are no 'o%!l&'t&%$ 'la&msamong the defendants * the&r respe't&)e 'la&ms

be&%$ separate a%d d&st&%'t !rom ea'h other* the'ompla&%t !or &%terpleader may be dismissed !orla'0 o! 'a#se o! a't&o%

Rule 3:DECLARATORY RELIE A6D SI ILAR

RE EDIES

Section 1. ,ho may file petition.

The $ir!t para"rap' re!ers tode'laratory rel&e!

The !econ para"rap' re!ers to:

. a't&o% to 7#&et t&tle/ a't&o% !or re!ormat&o% o! a% &%str#me%t1 a't&o% to 'o%sol&date o(%ersh&p

These 1 remed&es are 'o%s&dered similarto declaratory relief be'a#se they also res#lt &%the ad"#d&'at&o% o! the le$al r&$hts o! the l&t&$a%ts*o!te% (&tho#t the %eed o! e9e'#t&o% to 'arry the

"#d$me%t &%to e!!e't

I% eclaratory relie$ :

Su#&ect %atter 8 deed* (&ll* 'o%tra't or other(&rtt%e &%str#me%t* stat#te* e9e'#t&)e order orre$#lat&o%* or ord&%a%'e

I!!ue 8 the )al&d&ty or'o%str#'t&o% o! these do'#me%ts

Relie$ 8 the de'larat&o% o! pet&t&o%erJs re&$hts a%d d#t&es there#%der

The re,ui!ite! o$ an action $oreclaratory relie$ are:

. The s#b"e't matter o! the 'o%tro)ersym#st be a deed* (&ll* 'o%tra't or other(r&tte% &%str#me%t* stat#te* EO orre$#lat&o%* or ord&%a%'e?

/ The terms o! sa&d do'#me%ts a%d the)al&d&ty thereo! are do#bt!#l a%d re7#&re

"#d&'&al 'o%str#'t&o%?

1 There m#st ha)e bee% %o brea'h o! thedo'#me%ts &% 7#est&o%* other(&se* a%ord&%ary '&)&l a't&o% &s the remedy?

2 There m#st be a% a't#al "#st&'&able'o%tro)ersy or the r&pe%&%$ seeds o!

o%e bet(ee% perso%s (hose &%terests aread)erse?

3 The &ss#e m#st be r&pe !or "#d&'&aldeterm&%at&o%* as* !or e9ample* (here alladm&%&strat&)e remed&es ha)e bee%e9ha#sted? a%d


23/36


4 Ade7#ate rel&e! &s %ot a)a&lable thro#$hother mea%s or other !orms o! a't&o% or

pro'eed&%$

De'laratory rel&e! &s not a)a&lable !or aeclaration o$ citi+en!'ip

To #e ripe $or &u icial eter%ination *&t m#st appear that there &s a threatened litigation&% the immediate !#t#re* (h&'h l&t&$at&o% &simminent a%d inevitable -NLESS pre)e%ted bythe de'laratory rel&e! so#$ht

Section 7. (arties.

Section :. -otice on Solicitor 'eneral.

Section 4. 8ocal government ordinances.

Section 5. Court action discretionary.

Section 3. Conversion into ordinary action.

-%der Section 5 * de'laratory rel&e! may be refused by the 'o#rt (here the same (o#ld notterm&%ate the #%'erta&%ty Th&s d&s'ret&o% does

NOT e9te%d to a't&o%s !or re$or%ation o$ anin!tru%ent * to ,uiet title to real property or tore%o*e clou ! there!rom* or to con!oli ateo)ner!'ip in a pacto de retro sale

S&%'eno mater&al rel&e! &s so#$ht &% a%action $or eclaratory relie$ * a : r partyco%plaint 'a%%ot be e%terta&%ed there&%HO;E ER * a co%pul!ory counterclai% may

be set #p &% a de'laratory rel&e! s#&t

Rule 54RE IE; O D- E6TS A6D I6ALORDERS OR RESOL TIO6S O THE

CO ISSIO6 O6 ELECTIO6S A6D THECO ISSIO6 O6 A DIT

Section 1. Scope.

Section 7. *ode of Review.

Section :. Time to file petition.

Section 4. ocket and other lawful fees.

Th&s ne) Rule &s based o% the pro)&s&o%s Article I A o$ t'e 1=@?Con!titution re$ard&%$ the 1 Co%Coms

The remedy o! 'ert&orar& &% th&s R#lea$a&%st ad"#d&'at&o%s o! the Co%Coms &s %o(appl&'able o%ly to CO ELEC a%dCOA

P#rs#a%t to a#thor&ty $ra%ted &% the

pro)&s&o% a%d as e9pla&%ed &% the early part o! th&s)ol#me* Co%$ress e%a'ted RA ?= 7 ame%d&%$Section = o$ BP 17= * e!!e't&)e arc' 1@( 1=55 *eliminating s#'h re'o#rse to the SC a%dtra%s!err&%$ the re)&s&%$ po(er to theCA o)er allad"#d&'at&o%s o! theCSC For that matter* thesame ame%dme%t (as made (&th respe't to theCentral Boar o$ A!!e!!%ent Appeal!

As a 'o%se7#e%'e* the SC &ss#edRe*i!e A %ini!trati*e Circular 6o. 1 =5&mpleme%t&%$ the !ore$o&%$ ame%dme%t a%d&%'l#d&%$ theCSC amo%$ the ,ua!i &u iciala"encie! (hose a(ards* "#d$me%ts* !&%al ordersor resol#t&o%s sho#ld be ele)ated to the CA o% a

pet&t&o% !or re)&e( e!!e't&)e une 1( 1==5

Section 5. Form and contents of petition.

Section 3. 2rder to comment.

Section ?. Comments of respondents.

Section @. )ffect of filing.

Section =. Submission for decision.

Rule 35CERTIORARI( PROHIBITIO6 A6D

A6DA S

Section 1. (etition for certiorari. ;'en anytri#unal( #oar or o$$icer e erci!in" &u icial or,ua!i &u icial $unction! 'a! acte )it'out or ine ce!! o$ it! or 'i! &uri! iction ( or )it' "ra*ea#u!e o$ i!cretion a%ountin" to lac9 or e ce!!o$ it! or 'i! &uri! iction ( an t'ere i! no appealor any p lain( !pee y( an a e,uate re%e y int'e or inary cour!e o$ la)( a per!on a""rie*et'ere#y %ay $ile a *eri$ie petition in t'eproper court( alle"in" t'e $act! )it' certaintyan prayin" t'at &u "%ent #e ren ereannullin" or %o i$yin" t'e procee in"! o$ !uc'tri#unal( #oar or o$$icer( an "rantin" !uc'inci ental relie$! a! la) an &u!tice %ayre,uire.

T'e petition !'all #e acco%panie #ya certi$ie true copy o$ t'e &u "%ent ( or er or


24/36


re!olution !u#&ect t'ereo$( copie! o$ allplea in"! an ocu%ent! rele*ant anpertinent t'ereto( an a !)orn certi$ication o$non $oru% !'oppin" a! pro*i e in t'e : r

para"rap' o$ !ection :( Rule 43 .

Th&s ame%ded se't&o% %o( e pressly&%'l#des a respo%de%t e9er'&s&%$,ua!i &u icial$unction!

Where the error &s not o%e o! "#r&sd&'t&o%#ut a% error o! la( or !a't (h&'h &s a m&sta0e o!

"#d$me%t*appeal &s the remedy

The mere pendency of a special civilaction for certiorari * &% 'o%%e't&o% (&th a

pending case in a lower court * does not &%terr#ptthe 'o#rse o! the latter &! there &s no writ of

injunctionDi!tinction! :

,ith respect to the purpose of the writ

Certiorari 8 &%te%ded to 'orre't a% a't per!ormed by the respo%de%t

Pro'i#ition 8 &%te%ded to pre)e%t the'omm&ss&o% or 'arry&%$ o#t o! a% a't

an a%u! 8 &%te%ded to 'ompel the per!orma%'e o! the a't des&red

,ith respect to the act sought to be controlled

Certiorari 8 e9te%ds o%ly to d&s'ret&o%arya'ts

Pro'i#ition 8 to d&s'ret&o%ary a%dm&%&ster&al a'ts

an a%u! 8 to m&%&ster&al a'ts

,ith respect to the respondent

Certiorari 8 o%ly a$a&%st a respo%de%te9er'&s&%$ "#d&'&al or 7#as&8"#d&'&al !#%'t&o%s

Pro'i#ition 8 a$a&%st those (ho e9er'&se "#d&'&al a%d


25/36


-eneral rule : Where the remedy o!appeal (as lost thr# the !a#lt or %e$l&$e%'e o! the

pet&t&o%er* he 'a%%ot a)a&l o! the (r&t o! 'ert&orar&

E ception : Where the 'o#rt a'ted(&tho#t "#r&sd&'t&o% &% &ss#&%$ the order

'ompla&%ed o!A remedy &s 'o%s&dered plain ( !pee y (

an a e,uate &! &t (&ll pro%ptly relie*e t'epetitioner !rom the in&uriou! e$$ect! o! the

&u "%ent a%d the act! o$ t'e lo)er court ora"ency

-eneral rule : +efore certiorari may bea)a&led o!* the pet&t&o%er m#st ha)e !&led a%otion$or t'e recon!i eration by the lo(er 'o#rt o! thea't or order 'ompla&%ed o!

For th&s reaso%* &t has bee% held that s#'hR * reiterating the same grounds against the

order sought to be reconsidered * &s NOT 'o)ered by the pro $or%a rule &! &t &s d&re'ted a$a&%st a%interlocutory or er

I% the 'ase o! $inal &u "%ent * a ;R prior to ta0&%$ a% appeal &snot re7#&red* he%'e* &%s#'h 'ase* the pro $or%a rule appl&es

OWEVER* even in ori"inal action!#%der t'i! Rule * a %otion $or recon!i eration o!a%interlocutory or er may be i!pen!e (&th:

. Where there &s a pate%t %#ll&ty as (herethe 'o#rt a 7#o had %o "#r&sd&'t&o%

/ Where the 7#est&o%s ra&sed &% the'ert&orar& pro'eed&%$ ha)e bee% d#lyra&sed a%d passed #po% by the lo(er'o#rt* or are the same as those ra&sed a%d

passed #po% &% the lo(er 'o#rt

1 Where there &s #r$e%t %e'ess&ty !or theresol#t&o% o! the 7#est&o% a%d a%y !#rtherdelay (o#ld pre"#d&'e the &%terests o! the+o)er%me%t or o! the pet&t&o%er or the

s#b"e't matter o! the a't&o% &s per&shable

2 Where* #%der the '&r'#msta%'es* a ;R(o#ld be #seless

3 Where pet&t&o%er (as depr&)ed o! d#e pro'ess a%d there &s e9treme #r$e%'y !orrel&e!

4 Where* &% a 'r&m&%al 'ase* rel&e! !rom a%order o! arrest &s #r$e%t a%d the $ra%t&%$o! s#'h rel&e! by the tr&al 'o#rt &s&mprobable

5 Where the pro'eed&%$s &% the lo(er 'o#rt

are a %#ll&ty !or la'0 o! d#e pro'ess6 Where the pro'eed&%$ (as e9 parte or &%

(h&'h the pet&t&o%er had %o opport#%&tyto ob"e't

H Where the &ss#e ra&sed &s o%e p#rely o!la( or (here p#bl&' &%terest &s &%)ol)ed

0ue!tion! o$ $act CANNOT be ra&sed &%a% or&$&%al a't&o% !or 'ert&orar& O%lye!ta#li!'eor a %itte $act! 'a% be 'o%s&dered

I%ori"inal action! $or certiorari #%dert'i! Rule * the !&%d&%$s o! !a't o! the CA are NOT'o%'l#s&)e or b&%d&%$ #po% the SC*unli9e t'e"eneral rule &%appeal! #y certiorari #%der Rule45 That t'eory o$ conclu!i*ene!! does NOTapply &% th&s!pecial ci*il action #%der Rule 35

Section 7. (etition for prohibition. ;'en t'eprocee in"! o$ any tri#unal( corporation(#oar ( o$$icer or per!on( )'et'er e erci!in"

&u icial( , ua!i &u icial or %ini!terial $unction!(are )it'out or in e ce!! o$ it! or 'i!

&uri! iction or )it' "ra*e a#u!e o$ i!cretiona%ountin" to lac9 or e ce!! o$ it! or 'i!

&uri! iction ( an t 'ere i! no appeal or anyot'er plain( !pee y( an a e,uate re%e y int'e or inary cour!e o$ la) ( a per!on a""rie*et'ere#y %ay $ile a *eri$ie petition in t'eproper court( alle"in" t'e $act! )it' certaintyan prayin" t'at &u "%ent #e ren ereco%%an in" t'e re!pon ent to e!i!t $ro%$urt'er procee in"! in t'e action or %atter!peci$ie t'erein( or ot'er)i!e "rantin" !uc'inci ental relie$! a! la) an &u!tice %ayre,uire.

T'i! petition !'all li9e)i!e #e

acco%panie #y a certi$ie true copy o$ t'e &u "%ent or or er !u#&ect t'ereo$( copie! o$ allplea in"! an ocu%ent! rele*ant anpertinent t'ereto( an a ! )orn certi$ication o$non $oru% !'oppin" a! pro*i e in t'e t'irpara"rap' o$ !ection :( Rule 43 .

Section :. (etition for mandamus. ;'en anytri#unal( corporation( #oar ( o$$icer or per!onunla)$ully ne"lect! t'e per$or%ance o$ an act


26/36


)'ic' t'e la) !peci$ically en&oin! a! a utyre!ultin" $ro% an o$$ice( t ru!t( or !tation( orunla)$ully e clu e! anot'er $ro% t'e u!e anen&oy%ent o$ a ri"'t or o$$ice to )'ic' !uc'ot'er i! entitle ( an t'ere i! no ot'er plain(!pee y an a e,uate re%e y in t'e or inarycour!e o$ la) ( t'e per!on a""rie*e t'ere#y%ay $ile a *eri$ie petition in t'e proper court(alle"in" t'e $act! )it' certainty an prayin"t'at &u "%ent #e ren ere co%%an in" t'ere!pon ent( i%%e iately or at !o%e ot'er ti%eto #e !peci$ie #y t'e court( to o t'e actre,uire to #e one to protect t'e ri"'t! o$ t'epetitioner #y rea!on o$ t'e )ron"$ul act! o$ t'ere!pon ent.

T'e petition !'all al!o contain a !)orncerti$ication o$ non $oru% !'oppin" a!pro*i e in t'e : r para"rap' o$ !ection :(Rule 43 .

Di!cretion * (he% appl&ed to p#bl&'!#%'t&o%ar&es* mea%s a po(er or r&$ht 'o%!erred#po% them by la( o! a't&%$ o!!&'&ally* #%der'erta&% '&r'#msta%'es* #%'o%trolled by the

"#d$me%t or 'o%s'&e%'e o! others

A purely %ini!terial act or duty incontradiction to a discretional act &s o%e (h&'ha% o!!&'er or tr&b#%al per!orms &% a $&)e% state o!!a'ts* &% a pres'r&bed ma%%er* &% obed&e%'e to thema%date o! a le$al a#thor&ty* (&tho#t re$ard to orthe e9er'&se o! h&s o(% "#d$me%t #po% the

propr&ety or &mpropr&ety o! the a't do%e

an a%u! (&ll l&e to 'ompel the per!orma%'e o! a m&%&ster&al d#ty* NOT ad&s'ret&o%ary d#ty

E ception : I% e9treme s&t#at&o%s$e%erally &% 'r&m&%al 'ases* ma%dam#s l&es to'ompel the per!orma%'e by the !&s'al o! (hatoste%s&bly are d&s'ret&o%ary !#%'t&o%s (here byreaso% o! $ra)e ab#se o! d&s'ret&o% o% h&s part* h&sa't#at&o%s are tantamount to a willful refusal to

perform a duty specifically required by law

-eneral rule : I% the per!orma%'e o! a%o!!&'&al d#ty or a't &%)ol)&%$ d&s'ret&o%* s#'ho!!&'&alcan only be d&re'ted by ma%dam#s to a't>-T NOT to a't o%e (ay or the other

E ception : Where there has bee% $rossab#se o! d&s'ret&o%* ma%&!est &%"#st&'e* or palpablee9'ess o! a#thor&ty* &% (h&'h 'ase* the respo%de%t

'a% be ordered to a't &% a part&'#lar ma%%er*espe'&ally (here a 'o%st&t#t&o%al r&$ht has bee%)&olated

The pet&t&o% m#st be !&led %ot later tha%3 ay! a!ter %ot&'e o! the "#d$me%t* order or

resol#t&o%;a%dam#s does NOT l&e to 'ompel the

per!orma%'e o! a contractual uty * espe'&ally &!the 'o%tra't &s d&sp#ted* a%d s#'h ma%dam#s s#&t'a%%ot be 'o%)erted &%to a% ord&%ary a't&o% !or

brea'h o! 'o%tra't

-eneral rule : ;a%dam#s 'a% be a)a&ledo! o%ly by the party (ho has a d&re't le$al &%terest&% the r&$ht so#$ht to be e%!or'ed

E ception : I! the 7#est&o% &s o%e o! p#bl&' r&$ht a%d the ob"e't o! the ma%dam#s s#&t&s to pro'#re the per!orma%'e o! a p#bl&' d#ty* &t&s s#!!&'&e%t to sho( that the pet&t&o%er &s a '&t& e%e)e% &! he has %o spe'&al &%terest &% the res#lt

-eneral rule : A pet&t&o% !or ma%dam#s&s premat#re &! there are adm&%&strat&)e remed&esa)a&lable to the pet&t&o%er

E ception : Where the 'ase &%)ol)eso%ly le$al 7#est&o%s* the l&t&$a%t %eed %ot e9ha#stall adm&%&strat&)e remed&es be!ore s#'h "#d&'&alrel&e! 'a% be so#$ht

Section 4. ,here petition filed .

I% the abse%'e o! spe'&al reaso%s* the SC*altho#$h &t has 'o%'#rre%t or&$&%al "#r&sd&'t&o%(&th the CRI* (&ll NOT ta0e 'o$%& a%'e o! these

pet&t&o%s Th&s &s espe'&ally tr#e (here the pet&t&o% &%)ol)esquestions of fact a%d may e%ta&lre'ept&o% o! e)&de%'e

Section = BP 17= 'o%!ers 'o%'#rre%t "#r&sd&'t&o% o% the IAC o)er or&$&%al a't&o%s !orthe &ss#a%'e o! (r&t o! e9e'#t&o% WON the sameare &% a&d o! &ts appellate "#r&sd&'t&o%

Section 5. Respondents and costs in certaincases .

The pri*ate re!pon ent be&%$ a%in i!pen!a#le party * h&s %o%8&%'l#s&o% (o#ldre%der the pet&t&o% !or 'ert&orar& de!e't&)e The


27/36


"#d$e &% 'ert&orar& pro'eed&%$s &s merely a%om&%al or !ormal party

Section 3. 2rder to comment .

Section ?. ) pediting proceedings# injunctive

relief .

Section @. (roceedings after comment is filed .

Section =. Service and enforcement of order or judgment .

-eneral rule : Where the h&$her 'o#rt!&%ds that the lo(er 'o#rt (as &% error* ord&%ar&ly*the 'ase &s rema%ded to the lo(er 'o#rt !or !#rtherappropr&ate pro'eed&%$s

E ception : It may re%der "#d$me%t o%the mer&ts (&tho#t rema%d o! the 'ase (here the!a'ts re)ealed by the plead&%$s 'learly sho( thatthe pet&t&o%er &s e%t&tled to the rel&e! preyed !or

Rule 330 O ;ARRA6TO

Section 1. &ction by 'overnment againstindividuals . An action $or t'e u!urpation o$ apu#lic o$$ice( po!ition or $ ranc'i!e %ay #eco%%ence #y a *eri$ie petition #rou"'t int'e na%e o$ t'e Repu#lic o$ t'e P'ilippine!a"ain!t2

a. A per!on )'o u!urp!( intru e! into( orunla)$ully 'ol ! or e erci!e! a pu#lico$$ice( po!ition or $ranc'i!e-T a mere &%tr#der


33/36


The pre!ent rule &s that a lea!e contracton a %ont' to %ont' #a!i! pro)&des !or adefinite period a%d may be terminated at the endof any month * he%'e* by the !a&l#re o! de!e%da%tto pay the re%tal* the lease contract is deemedterminated a%d may be so term&%ated by the

pla&%t&!!)it'out t'e nece!!ity o$ prior e%an

Th&s appl&es to*er#al contract! o% a mo%th8to8mo%th bas&s

Where the !or'&ble e%try (as madethro#$h !tealt' * the o%e8year per&od sho#ld be'o#%ted !rom the t&me the pla&%t&!! lear%edthereo!

Section :. Summary procedure .

E!!e't&)e 6o*e%#er 15( 1==1 * the

Re*i!e Rule on Su%%ary Proce ure appl&edto ALL 'ases o! forcible entry * a%d unlawfuldetainer irre!pecti*e o! the a%ount o! dama$esor #%pa&d re%tals so#$ht to be re'o)ered

E9'l#ded !rom th&s prese%t ame%dedR#le are e"e'tme%t 'ases 'o)ered by thea$r&'#lt#ral te%a%'y la(s or s#'h as mayother(&se be e9pressly pro)&ded by la(

Section 4. (leadings allowed .

Section 5. &ction on complaint .

Section 3. &nswer .

Section ?. )ffect of failure to answer .

Section @. (reliminary conference# appearanceof parties .

Section =. Record of preliminary conference .

Section 1 . Submission of affidavits and position papers .

Section 11. (eriod for rendition of judgment .

Section 17. Referral for conciliation .

Section 1:. (rohibited pleadings and motions .

Section 14. &ffidavits .

W&th the adopt&o% o! theRe*i!e Ruleon Su%%ary Proce ure appl&'able to all 'aseso! forcible entr! a%d unla"ful detainerE CEPT those #%der the a"ricultural tenancyla)! * t'e !a%e s#ppla%ted a%d &s %o( thes#bsta%t&al te9t o! the pre!ent Rule ? o%

e"e'tme%t*in lieu

o! theOR ER pro*i!ion! o$

t'i! !pecial ci*il action E CEPT those (h&'hha)e bee% reta&%ed

The !u%%ary nature an purpo!e o$e&ect%ent procee in"! are more !#lly s#bser)ed

by the ne) pro*i!ion! #%der (h&'h the TC nolonger 'o%d#'ts a hearing !or the re'ept&o% o!testimonial evidence The a &u ication o$e&ect%ent ca!e! &s %o%e merely o% the bas&s o!affidavits a%d s#'h position papers as may bere7#&red

Hilario *! CAA#$#st 5* .HH4

act! : De!e%da%t 'la&med that they %e)er sold tothe pla&%t&!!s the lot !rom (h&'h the !ormer (ere

be&%$ e"e'ted by the latter* 'la&m&%$ that (hatthey e9e'#ted (as %ot a deed o! sale b#t o%ly amort$a$e 'o%tra't

I!!ue : WON the 'o%!l&'t&%$ pos&t&o%s o! the part&es o% the &ss#e o! o(%ersh&p 'o#ld pla#s&bledepr&)e the TC o! "#r&sd&'t&o% o)er the 'ase

Hel : 6o -%der Section :: F7G o$ BP 17= * theInteri% Rule! an -ui eline! &mpleme%t&%$sa&d la(* the Re*i!e Rule on Su%%aryProce ure * a%d RA ?3=1 (h&'h e panded the

"#r&sd&'t&o% o! theinferior courts * the con!i!tentrule &s that sa&dtrial court! retain jurisdictiono)er ejectment cases e*en i$ the ,ue!tion o$po!!e!!ion cannot be resol)ed (&tho#t pass&%$#po% the i!!ue o$ o)ner!'ip * (&th the ca*eat that&% sa&d 'ase* theissue of ownership shall beresol)ed by the TC !or the !ole purpo!e o!determ&%&%$ thei!!ue o$ po!!e!!ion Thead"#d&'at&o% made there&% re$ard&%$ thei!!ue o$o)ner!'ip (o#ld merely be pro*i!ional a%d

(o#ld not bar or pre"#d&'e a% a't&o% bet(ee% thesame part&es &%)ol)&%$ t&tle to the la%d

Th&s 'ase 7#oted the hold&%$ &%;il%on(h&'h 'atalo$#ed the 'ases that sho#ld not bere$arded as pre&u icial to an e&ect%ent !uit :

. In&unction !uit! &%st&t#ted &% RTC byde!e%da%ts &% e"e'tme%t a't&o%s &% ;TC


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/ Accion pu#liciana

1 ;rit o$ po!!e!!ion 'ase (hereo(%ersh&p &s 'o%'edely the pr&%'&pal&ss#e be!ore the RTC

2 A't&o% !or,uietin" o$ title

3 S#&ts !or !peci$ic per$or%ance )it'a%a"e!

4 A't&o% !orre$or%ation o$ in!tru%ent!rom deed o! absol#te sale to o%e o! sale(&th pa'to de retro

5 A't&o% !or re'o%)erya%'e o! property oraccion rei*in icatoria

6 S#&ts !orannul%ent o$ !ale or title orocu%ent

Re$u"ia *! CA,#ly 3* .HH4

-ui eline! to be obser)ed:

. The pri%al rule &s that the principali!!ue m#st be that o! po!!e!!ion * a%dthat ownership &s merely ancillarythereto* &% (h&'h 'ase the &ss#e o!o(%ersh&p may be resol)ed b#t o%ly !orthe p#rpose o! determ&%&%$ the &ss#e o!

possess&o%

/ It m#st sufficiently appear !rom thealle$at&o%s o! the complaint that (hat theplainti$$ really a%d pr&mar&ly see0s &s there!toration o$ po!!e!!ion

1 The &%!er&or 'o#rtcannot ad"#d&'ate o%the nature o$ o)ner!'ip (here therelat&o%sh&p o!lessor and lessee has bee%

sufficiently established &% the e"e'tme%t'ase* 6LESS &t &s s#!!&'&e%tlyestabl&shed that there has bee% a

subsequent change &%or termination o!

that relat&o%sh&p bet(ee% the part&es

2 The r#le &%$orci#le entry ca!e! * b#t -2T in unlawful detainer * &s that a party(ho 'a% pro)e prior possession 'a%re'o)er s#'h possess&o% even against theo(%er h&msel!* until he &s lawfullyejected by a perso% ha)&%$ a better r&$ht*'ence &! pr&or possess&o% may beas'erta&%ed &% some other (ay* the

&%!er&or 'o#rt CANNOT &%tr#de &%to theissue of ownership

3 Where the 7#est&o% o! )'o 'a! priorpo!!e!!ion h&%$es o% the &ss#e o!)'ot'e real o)ner &s* or #po% the

determ&%at&o% o! the*ali it

Civil Procedure Outline Part 2

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Transcript of Civil Procedure Outline Part 2