Civil Procedure Attack Outline

8/10/2019 Civil Procedure Attack Outline

1/21

CP Attack Outline:

Overview:

Marital Prop System v. CL Title System

Modern CL Equitable Distro:

o Ordinary (Maj distro only marital property! "ot#$pot (Min distro all propertyo %t Divor#e: loo& at bot$ need and #ontribution (' e#eption states

o %t Deat$: ele#tive s$are

o Durin) Marria)e: #reditors #an*t )o a+ter sp*s assets

CP (, states

o -i+ts are SP! oners$ip durin) marria)e

o %t divor#e (/01/0 in many states! #onsider only need

o %t deat$: #an only )ive aay /02 CP

o Durin) Marria)e: Creditors o+ten )o a+ter CP

Modern CL sts #an be very #ommunitarian3 just don*t +o#us on #omm. until dissolution

History:4,56: C% provides )uarantee o+ SP to 7 so t$ey don*t )et sindled by )oldminers46/0: C% le)is: MP la mimi#&in) Spanis$ #ivil8la4,90: -eor)e v. ansom: income from SP remains SP;reje#t Spanis$ rule ;#reepin) so#ialismamily 7ealt$ edistribution

7 is important e# +n o+ +amily! $en +amilies are bro&en by divor#e3 prop distro support obl*s

maintain ealt$ redistro +n o+ inta#t +amily

Less li&ely t$at +amily members ill be#ome publi# #$ar)es

5 Marital Property as a Me#$anism to adjust se8related e#onomi# inequality


2/21

Most men1omen not similarly situated in marria)e and labor m&t! divor#e poses di++1unequal ris&s

7irt$ (?F 46=4: (bad lapresume household expenses are gifts where no implied repymt;

constructive trust doesnt apply unless advisor has only Cs interests in mind.

Over-demanding of fraud req; this scheme allowed someone to ust change their mind

Painter (46=5 ?G:!" factors# earning a$ility% duration of marriage% property% & de$ts'oil this down to need and contribution; $ere t$ey )ave '02

%ll )i+ts re#eived are +or ED! Marital property in#ludes )i+ts!

;a#quired< rede+ined and epanded! in Di#tionary3 t$ey +ind t$at a#quired in#ludes )i+ts.Poli#y# ED s$i+ts +rom alimony to prop distro!

Cleaner brea& t$an alimony! don*t $ave to +eel li&e you*re on t$e dole! easier to en+or#e

Problem: %meri#ans don*t save

Spouse $o needs more3 li&ely #ontributed less

Hn C%: loo& to $o mu#$ supported sp*s earnin) #apa#ity as impaired by periods o+

unemployment to spend on domesti# duties

Contribution: $i#$ party #ontributed to a#quisition o+ assetsbut in#reasin)ly e loo&

to value o+ $omema&in)3 #$ildrearin)1raisin)-i+ts:

Marria)e attra#ts )i+ts +rom parents (parents ant )rand&ids.

-i+ts #ould be +or prior labor provided to parents by &ids. Hn t$at sense it*s earned.

"hould we care about the intent of donors#

Proviso: e#ept t$at interspousal )i+ts s$all be subje#t to ED.

%ssume t$ey*re quid pro quo! #onditional on marria)e not endin) in divor#e

"oever3 in C%3 all )i+ts are absolute

$ationales for roerty syste%s#

Marital property system (as opposed to title best re+le#ts intentions o+ parties.

Ani+orm Marital Property %#t (only in 7H $as adopted t$is.

T$ree di++erent points:

4 Durin) relations$ip3 most %m*s epress stron) #ommunity +eelin)s! t$in)s are ;ourseminist

Hnsists t$at parent $o de#ides to devote $ersel+ to #$ild rearin) must not end up in aorse position t$an a parent $o devotes $ersel+ to t$e labor +or#e.

La s$ouldn*t ma&e #ripple 7 $o de#ides to stay at $ome. 7 s$ouldn*t bear #ost

upon dissolution. C$ild rearin) role must be made less e#onomi#ally perilous. 7omen are )oin) to stay at $ome anyays3 so t$eir or& s$ould be valued.

La does not $ave to en#oura)e stayin) at $ome3 but it s$ould allo su#$ de#isions.

?ormative: Loo& at $at people a#tually do instead o+ $at t$ey s$ould be doin).

o Her%a (ay: eliminate spousal support +or youn) omen be#ause it en#oura)es dependen#y.

Split #ustody to +latten out disparity in std o+ livin)

-ive spousal support only to a)ed $ome ma&er.

Ielieves t$at normative e++e#ts o+ la ill en#oura)e omen to )o out and or& i+

t$ey &no t$at t$ey on*t )et spousal support. Don*t ant to support omen $o ma&e e#onomi#ally #ripplin) de#isions.

Iot$ men and omen s$ould be responsible +or ta&in) #are o+ #$ildren.

?ot #on#erned about e++i#ien#y3 only about equality.

Hn order to a#$ieve equality3 men and omen need to ma&e t$e same #$oi#es.

Jay: ;H #an do it3 so #an you< attitude.

'lu%berg: S$ould loo& at parti#ular individual*s li+e.

o Prager: #ooperative be$avior is )ood +or marria)e

o Loo& at +amilies as state)atd suort syste%! so#ial partners$ip adjusts inequalities and

requires marital justi#e Hnta#t +amily is important b# it redistributes ealt$ +rom "17 to poor &ids

o 'lu%berg: #onservative

+avors le)al devi#es maintainin) t$e distro

spousal support is more sensitive subje#t t$an redistro

ss $as $ad ne) #onnotations3 not aarded ell3 nor paid edistro ell8li&ed

71&ids )enerally #ome out badlyS$e +avors )reater redistro

Our pre+eren#es are $ardly ever value8+ree.

P*: %mount per annum divided by interest rate K Total ?eededMoral: (alue of any asset is capacity to create future income.

Contracts:

Pre)%ar: alloed b# en#oura)es marria)e (ri#$ idoer! &ids +rom prev mar! also3 e love JsMarital Agree%ent: usually to #$an)e #$ar o+ SP"earation Agree%ent:

TOT +Trans%utation Over Ti%e:

%LH +ollos C% distro. %ll SP over a TOT be#omes CP (a+ter a lon) marria)e.

T$is ould be #ompromise! notion t$at over lon) marria)es3 people tend to t$in& o+

t$in)s as ;oursTE M married

Loo& to t$e time o+ t$e ori)in o+ t$e ri)$t

%ndres:personal during marriage to acquire propCP

Oral J to ta&e #are o+ +at$er in e#$an)e +or ill! %las&a! " ants 7*s testimony o+ a)r

Consideration as per+ormed durin) marria)ere#overy under J! t$us3 7 ould bene+it

and is an interested party#an*t testi+y

Doner v. Iramet:gift for conveyance purposes not nec gift fr CP purposes

%+ter divor#e3 " )ets ran#$ +rom emp! it as a ;)i+tns o+ Le)al Presumptions: 4 probabilities! ' a##ess to eviden#e! publi# poli#y

stron) publi# interest in providin) +or #$ildrenirrebuttable presumption o+ bein) t$e

dad i+ 7 )ives birt$ (but is it #onst*l

Presumptions #ome +rom #asela

T$ree vies o+ presumptions:

4 Thayer (%LH8adopted:prelim assumption disappears +rom #ase at intro o+ evid su++i#ient to sustain+indin) o+ noneisten#e o+ presumed +a#t! merely a determination t$at same +a#t eists so +requently $enprelim +a#ts eist t$at proo+ o+ #on#lusionary +a#t unne#3 unless #ontrary evid

' Morgan.McCor%ick:poli#y reasons. H+ poli#y underlyin) presumption is o+ su++i#ient ei)$t to req+indin) o+ presumed +a#t $en no #ontrary evid3 s$ould be o+ su++i#ient ei)$t to req +indin) $en mind o+trier is in equilibrium! s$ould be o+ su++i#ient ei)$t to req +indin) i+ trier doesn*t believe #ontrary evid

'ohlen(Eviden#e Code: T$ayer is #orre#t +or some presumptions3 Mor)an +or ot$ers. Bariety o+reasons +or presumptions! no uni+ied t$eoryrebuttable presumptions are #lassi+ied as eit$er 4 t$ose

a++e#tin) Iurden o+ produ#in) eviden#e (T$ayer! or ' t$ose a++e#tin) IoP (Mor)an.


7/21

Lyman v. Borer&:prop possessed during marriage presumed to $e CP acqd during marriage

"7 joint ban& a##t! no nobody &nos $o mu#$ money a#q*d durin) marria)e

Problem: justi+ies presumption only on probability (doesn*t apply to s$ort mars

Ma$oney:prop possessed during mar is not presumed to $e acqd during marriage

Plane %##ident Hns Poli#y! S$ort8term marria)e! CP proponent must s$o a#quisition

Court as sayin): payments must be s$on to $ave been a#quired durin) marria)e Problem: N4 premium #ould*ve #ome +rom any$ere! s$ould loo& at 7"E? a#quired

-eneral:

H+ lon) marria)e3 use Lyman! s$ort use Ma$oney (less li&ely a#q*d durin) marria)e

Possession at end o+ marria)e normally #on#lusive o+ possession durin) marria)e

AMP% dra+t ould presume property oned durin) marria)e is MP (SP proponent $as

)reater a##ess to eviden#e

CP not aarded at divor#e be#omes TiC

Pro+ doesn*t t$in& presumption is ea&1stron): only rebuttable or not b# still need /02

Pro+ t$in&s Ma$oney is ron): s$ouldn*t be assi)nin) burdens b# unli&e #ivil #ases3 $ere

it*s a burden to everyone! point o+ burden is t$at only one party s$ould $ave it! Lynamsolves t$is: burden ?OT on CP proponent b# t$ey don*t ne#essarily #ontrol SP party

GT is dis+avored b# o+ +or+eiture

Meyer v. Jin@er 7i+e (4,/6: presumption only over#ome by #1#ertain proo+ oned by#laimant b+ marria)e or a#q*d under stttory e#eption

Sup Ct says $ei)$tened std doesn*t apply! just preponderan#e

7$ere presumption ea&+indin) 1o subst*l support #an be set aside

,or% of Title:

%bsent #ollateral a)reement! +orm o+ title is eviden#e o+ )i+t (#an*t )ive CP to sel+

H+ one sp buys it$ title in ot$er*s name alone3 transmutation in+erred (but Ma#Donald GT: ;- to F as GTs< or ;- to F as GTs 1oSMBno ta )ain

GT: sp*s passed via survivors$ip! only dead sp*s s$are is stepped up

?o di++ +or estate ta purposes

%t Divor#e:

o Distributional Hssue: b+ 46=03 under +ault divor#e i+ CP#ourt req*d to )ive

bi))er 2 to inno#ent spo Gurisdi#tional Hssue: H+ GT3 #t $ad no jurs to distribute (just /01/0.


8/21

o Today3 #t #an distro GT %?D TiC i+ one party requests distro.

CP 1 oS

o Passes to survivin) sp auto at deat$ (li&e GT

o Problems: doesn*t a++e#t already eistin) title3 only prospe#tive pur#$ases

o Step8up bene+its are un#lear

Es#ro a)ents +avorin) GT is stupid sin#e 46=/: prop passed to sp doesn*t need probate S#$indler:stated 34 title remains if insufficient evid that $oth parties wanted CP. 7

didn*t understand di++eren#e3 too bad +or $er.

Ioman: where , $elieved it to $e CP and said was only 34 to avoid pro$ate% no

evidence of intent against CPCP.

Married Wo%en&s "ecial Presu%tion: (pre846=/H+ P1PP a#q*d b+ 46=/ by married oman in ritin)3 presumptions (#on#lusive in +avor o+person dealin) in -> +or valuable #onsider 1married omen:

4 H+ in $er name aloneSP

' H+ in $er name %?D anot$er*s

7 ta&es as TiC unless anot$er intent in instrument H+ ' people des#ribed as "7presume CP unless di++ intent epressed in instrument

Perverse: i+ "7 ta&e title to)et$er3 not des#ribed as "7" )ets '/2! 7 )ets =/2!

t$is is $at $appened in Dunn v. Mullan (41' TiC +or $er! o+ $is CP

ationale +or presumin) 7*s SP: b+ =/3 " as m)r o+ CPi+ in 7*s name3 assume " put

it in $er name &noin)ly1voluntarilyHow to rebut resu%tion:

"olmes: tracing to CP is insufficient to overcome 5,SP; need evid didnt intend gift

o " bou)$t P in $er name only! only evid as t$at $e paid +rom joint earnin)s

Lou&nits&y: no *nowledge0control over CP while out of countryno way intended gift

o 7 put all prop in $er name! mu#$ o+ prop bou)$t 1"*s earnin)s! " in C$ina

M7SP repealed in 46=/3 but still valid +or pre8=/ trans+ers today

-i+t intent presumption )enerally remains

"P Contributions to urchase rice of 0ointly title roerty are resu%ed a gift:

Pre846,5 use Lu#as: ta*en as oint0equal title )34% CP% 4iC+% SP contri$utions presumed gift

Iou)$t $ouse1motor$ome in *9,3 GT. 7 made SP DP3 #laimed pro rata interest.

' types o+ presumptions:

o ea& (property a#q*d durin) marria)e is CPjust use tra#in)

o stron) (on#e property in GT title3 need #ollateral a)reement (ritten1oral

H+ a)reement%u+mut$1Moore1Marsden H+ no a)reementno reimbursement

%nti8Lu#as 46,5846,9 Le)islation (not retroa#tive per SCOTAS

5,00.4 (only at divor#e3 not deat$ GT presumed to be CP


9/21

5,00.' (only at divor#e: i+ CP presumption ?OT rebutted3 SP reimburse to etent tra#ed

unless aived (must not e#eed property value at time o+ divisioni+ investment loses

value3 you only )et >MB

SP #ontributor alays entitled to reimbursement (apportionment only i+ ritten a)r

Don*t treat 5,00.48.' as #umulative. H+ GTtreat as CP

S$ould be read as ;in division o+ CP you #an*t ot$erise ta&e as SPMB


13/21

%u+mut$:property and loan proceeds are CP

"P "hare 5 "P !P 6 "P "hare of MA

o SP*s 2 K (SP DP1PP

o SP S$are o+ M% K M% SP 2

CP "hare 5 CP "hare of MA 6 CP !ebt $eduction

o CP*s 2 K (CP Loan Total (not debt redu#tion1PPo CP S$are o+ M%K M% CP*s 2

Don*t +or)et t$at totals ill add up to >MB less outstandin) debt

Marsden: if pre-marital appreciation

SP K ((SP DP Loan Debt pre8mar Debt edu#tion1PPM% pmD DP pM%

CP K (D1PPM% D

Moore1%u+mut$1Marsden are re#apitulativedon*t re+le#t $en appre#iation a#tually $appened.

Tort $ecoveries.Ins Proceeds:

C$ara#ter o+ property dama)es re#overy depends on #$ara#ter o+ dama)ed property

Personal In0ury: ?on8C% epla#ement %pproa#$ ($at is #$ara#ter o+ t$e element t$at dama)es repla#eV

o Irea& up into elements: Iodily injurySP! Pain su++erin)questionable (usually

SP! Med Epensesdepends on $i#$ estate pays (usually CP! Lost

Earnin)sCP! Punitive Dama)esquestionable

C% approa#$ (not relace%ent

o Depends on Co% arose

=,4: SP i+ Co% arose a+ter in+ormal separation (or le)al1divor#e.

e#overy a)ainst ot$er spouse alays SP '90: i+ Co% durin) marria)eComm !state P: "amages

$ybrid b# it*s neit$er lu#rative nor onerous

Dama)es to injured party as i+ SP (unless #ommin)ledno

tra#in) alloed

E#eption $ere +a#ts arrant ot$erise (interests o+ justi#e!

len)t$ o+ marria)e! (no #ourt $as used t$is e#eption

Minimum o+ )oes to injured party

%t Deat$3 loo& to =,0CP only (#reditors C%? rea#$

Li+e Hnsuran#e:4 Term: no N value! ri)$t to reinsure $as no value i+ insured is insurable.' 7$ole: value! $en t$ere*s poli#y on livin) person 1#as$ valuevalue is CP in

proportion to CP used to pay premiums

Lo)an: character of most recent premium is determinative of policys character CP only +or period beyond separation +or $i#$ CP +unds used to pay

premium

Di#ta: Term poli#y isn*t divisible asset b# poli#y is valueless

Di#ta: i+ insured be#omes uninsurable durin) term paid 1CPri)$t to +uture

insuran#e $as value (PB o+ value at date o+ epe#ted deat$

I+ Lo)an3 #ourts said no CP a+ter divor#e in Term LH


14/21

Gure&: inury compensation is SP; lost waged0med expense from CP is CPPH re#overy ' days a+ter +iled +or divor#e! lost arm a+ter separation

7oodwill: (residual valueLu&ens (46=9 goodwill is an asset

Pro+essional and Iusiness -ood 7ill:

Property Marria)e Permanent Separation

CP sto#& CP CP

CP )oodill CP CP

Labor CP SP

CapitaliBation of past excess earnings#>oster (46=5,or%ula:(Earnin)s U (>MB Labor Capital eturn1Capitali@ation ate

%v ?et Hn#ome +or Fears U (>MB o+ Labor Capital eturn K E#ess Earnin)s

Ta&e PB by dividin) #apitali@ation rate (#ontested3 but o+ten '/8/02! $i)$ in C%

?otes:

PB o+ +uture in#ome stream developed durin) marria)e Capitali@ation usually yields $i)$est post8separation in#ome1)oodill in#ome

?ote t$at #apital is lon) term and its de#reases over time

Capitali@ation rate depends on ris& o+ non8reali@ation3 anti#ipated li+e o+ stream

-oodill usually sti#&s to person.

%lt. -oodill Measurement: avera)e last / years o+ earnin)s.

>a#tors: amount o+ patrona)e! personality o+ parties! len)t$ o+ time estab*d! $abit o+

#ustomers in patroni@in)! IAT3 don*t loo& at post8marital e++orts

-reater ris&$i)$er epe#ted rate o+ return.

Community )ood ill )enerates CP3 even a+ter divor#e3 until it*s distributed.

5*t sales valuation! what 0r artner would ay to buy ractice: >ortier (46=,or%ula: M&t pri#e U value o+ p$ysi#al assets

Problems: jr partner mi)$t ta&e #are o+ undesirable #ustomersmi)$t not be a##urate!

doesn*t say $at it*s ort$ in earner*s $ands

More reasonable to see $at #omparable businesses ould sell +or.

Epe#t t$at business #ontinues.

eturns ill be post8sep #omm. in#ome b# you ta&e out separate spouse*s labor.

Professional -ducation:

Similar to )oodill:o Iot$ are dis#ounted PB o+ +uture earnin)s portion

o Iot$ require labor

o O+ten3 neit$er $as value e#ept in earners* $ands

o Deat$ or retirementvalueless

o Iot$ le)ally un8trans+erable in many states

Opp Costs +or Supporter: 4 Salary1bene+its +rom better job! ' Loss potential o+

in#reasin) $uman #apital.


15/21

Opp Costs +or Spouse attainin) de)ree: 4 Salary and bene+its +rom seniority! ' Dire#t

#osts +or tuition3 boo&s3 et#. Hn#remental money spent as a student (money ould not$ave spent i+ not student

Hs t$ere a #onne#tion beteen Balue and CostV

o Some de)rees are ?OT e#onomi#ally produ#tive.

o Iut3 i+ you pay +or somet$in) you epe#t return. "uman #apital s$ould be t$esame as p$ysi#al #apital. S$ould you t$en )et ba#& True Cost or OpportunityCostsV (i.e. estitution or all #osts in#urredV

Hs a Pro+essional De)ree PropertyV

o Must loo& at CO?TETW

>or purposes o+ Due Pro#ess3 a de)ree may be #onsidered property.

o Does it resemble ot$er propertyV

o Does it +it into t$e Marital Property systemV

-ra$am:o recognition at all. (doesn*t li&ely spe#ulation o+ +uture earnin)sta&en to its

etreme t$is #ould reje#t any idea o+ marital property

Ma$oney (?G:"ont recogniBe license as prop% $ut reim$urse spousal contri$utionO*Irien (?F: recogniBe license% value is the enhanced earning capacityC% (stin)ier version o+ Ma$oney: ed not CP3 but reimburse CP used to +und it

Sullivan (46,5: DE69reim$ursing community contri$utions to education or training:o Ot$er spouse )ets $al+ (sin#e it*s CP reimbursement

7att (46,6: DE69 only reim$urses direct ed expenseso Only out o+ po#&et epenses +or tuition1boo&s reimbursable.

o Opp #osts3 livin) epenses not in#luded

o Provision +or loan re8payment.

'954 notes:

Loans +or ed are not #omm. liabilities3 assi)ned dire#tly to edu#ated party

CP Payment o+ loans +or pre8marital ed is reimbursable H+ #ommunity substantially bene+itsno reimbursement:

ebuttable Presumptions:

o Comm. $asn*t sub. bene+ited i+ #ontributions made X40 yrs b+ pro#eedin)

o Comm $as sub. Iene+ited i+ #ontributions made 40 yrs b+ pro#eedin)

o Yuid pro quoo++est by trainin) +or ot$er party

o H+ sendin) spouse to s#$ool redu#es need +or support3 no double bene+it

Pensions:

?otes:

O+ten most important asset (ested: $en ri)$t to re#eive is #reated

5aturity: ri)$t to re#eive immediately

Iron:pensions are a contingent interest even where not vested

everses >ren#$ $i#$ said divisible only $ere vested

Court addresses problems o+ deat$1bein) +iredta&e it out o+ payments

-ilmore: court can force payout at divorce if mature pension

Court re#o)ni@es mutual e#onomi# interest! don*t let " s#re 7 by not retirin)


16/21

Problem: disin#entive to #ontinue or&in)

EHS% (46,5?otes:

Only applies to private pensions

YDO (quali+ied domesti# relations orderemployer pays to e spouse so or&er

doesn*t $ave to retire to )et pension4ime Fule (C%: O?LF $en bene+its are based on years or&ed:

(Frs Contributed Durin) Marria)e 1 Total years Contributed PB o+ pensionProblems: post8sep yrs represent lar)est salary! #ntr: reason +or bi) salary is time durin) marria)ePoppe (navy )uy: time rule doesnt apply where $enefits not su$stlly related to yrs of service

$ight to $einstate: so%e ee&s can take cash settle%ent and if they return reinstate

Lu#ero (Z,4: reins right is earned during marriagemust pay other spouse Overturns >orrest

Ter%inable Interest !octrine:non-!! int ends at death of 9+ non-!! )'enson+& D+ !! ),aite+

Super#eded by '940: court shall ma*e whatever orders necessary to ensure each party

receives full CP interest in retirement plan )pu$lic or private+ even after death

Poli#y +or '940: $al+8earned li&e any ot$er CP!

Poli#y a)ainst '940: )oal is +or retirement3 to prote#t livin) parti#ipants! non EE #an*t

)ive durin) li+e3 so $y at deat$V! more epensive per person to live alone

>eminist initiative $i#$ pro+ doesn*t li&e b# pensions s$ould be +or plan bennies only.

Io))s: revives 4:"; fed law preempts state law

EHS% Spendt$ri+t8Provision: #an*t assi)n1alienate retirement bene+its

A.S. Savin)s Ionds! "omestead ule! SS all pre8empted

EHS% doesn*t require insuran#e providers to )o beyond 5 #orners o+ t$e poli#y

,ederal Pree%tion: +ederal las supreme.

4 Spot t$e issue: H+ t$e +olloin) applies3 apply +ederal la:i. asset createdby +ederal la (ie EHS% re)ulated private retirement plans!

ot$er private bene+it plansii. Or asset regulatedby +ederal la: SS or Bet bene+its!

' Fou #an predi#t preemption dependin) on type o+ #ourt (states +ollo state la

Ot$er EHS%1>ederal Pre8Emption notes:

Ee #an sti#& most sto#& earnin)s +or H%s in EHS% plan instead o+ re)ular savin)s

a##ount to minimi@e CP

EHS%8re)ulated ee )roup LH poli#y: payment o+ pro#eeds must a##ord it$ desi)nation

o+ bennies (preempts C% la t$at says LH pro#eeds are CP i+ last premium paid by CP

%rmed >or#es LH poli#y1>ed li+e Poli#es+ollo benny provision3 not CP la

ailay 7or&ersor&ers )ets 4002 pension bene+its3 preempts CP

A.S. Savin)s Ionds: $en eit$er #o8oner dies3 survivor ta&es sole oners$ip.

Military Disability bene+its are SP (preempts Stenquist

Jimble: (disre)arded by 6t$#ir i+ ee puts don benny ot$er t$an spouse on ee LH poli#y t$at*sCPspouse #an*t assert CP interest in poli#y b# +ederal la preempts.


17/21

Other Wage $elace%ent 'enefits:

Gones: char of "P determined $y char of earnings its intended to replace

le) lost in ?am3 disability pay a+ter marria)e is SP b# repla#es a)es

but don*t orry about pain1su++erin)

?ature o+ disability is t$at you )et #urrent bene+it! nature o+ retirement is no #urrent

bene+it ($ypo t$at nobody pays +or 4 year retirement poli#yStenquist: army $enefits that are mixed retirement0disa$ility should $e separated for distro

Loo& to amt $e ould*ve )otten +or retirement3 subtra#t $at $e )ets +or disability

Ase time-rule

T$is is no #ontrolled buy Man@ell (SCOTAS as applied to %rmy bene+its

Stenquist says ret$in& Gones! value unvested retirement pensionSP disability8value o+

unvested pensionSaslo: when disa$ility doesnt replace pension $c spouse retired $f maturity% loo* to whetherpay functions essentially as retirement pay; if so treat as CP to extent earned during marriage

" bou)$t disability poli#ies 1CP! injured b+ eli)ible +or pension

7$en disability pays a+ter normal retirement a)e3 loo& to its +un#tion Problem: $at about )uys $o or& until t$ey dieV

7ri)$t (46,: Severance pay is SP if replaces future post-sep lost wages# as* when earned

" laid o++ 1severan#e. 7 $er " said t$ey*d ruin $is li+e

>ormer boss said $e*d $ave trouble )ettin) anot$er job.

7 ants severan#e as CP. TC said SP b# it*s a question o+ $at it repla#es (+uture N

ealth :nsurance: #ts don*t ma&e e pay +or ot$er*s med needs. ?o CP in e*s med #overa)e.

Poli#y8$older &ids stay on poli#y but ot$er spouse is deleted

COI% requires sponros o+ EHS% insuran#e plans o++er ee*s divor#ed spouse up to 9

mo individ $ealt$ (not employers it$ less t$an '0 ees: C% etended to t$ese )uys C% also allos #ost o+ "H to be in#luded in spousal support3 but #ourts don*t usually

CP !istro at !eath:

Dar)ie v. Patterson (464= treat un-consented CP gifts as testamentary gifts)get $ac* G+

Spouse #an +ully res#ind ot$er spouse*s HB CP )i+t! %t deat$3 only 41'! Ite% Theory

ea#$ spouse ons /02 o+ every asset (re0ect aggregation?otes:

Pro#eeds o+ CP +unded li+e insuran#e treated in C% as CP3 subje#t to Dar)ie rule.

Problem: Dar)ie doesn*t allo spouse to a))re)ate3 even i+ t$ey ant to.

Problem: survivor #an ta&e bot$ under ill and CP la! )ets all t$eir s$are

)i+tsPra)er:presume 4 *new0intended to will away only their G int in CP unless terms are clear

" le+t all P (CP outside L% to relatives! SP 1in L% to 7. 7 ants %?D t$e ill

?o #lear statement $e meant to )ive aay more t$an $is 7 doesn*t $ave to ele#t

>o#us on ;oned by me< $i#$ is CP

7ol+e: even mista&en attempt to will away CP% $elieving it was SP requires election

;rules o+ #onstru#tion


18/21

Contra#t it$ 7% $i#$ never +or#es ele#tion due to mista&e

?ote t$at property passin) +rom one spouse to anot$er #an s&ip probate ("O7VV

Choice of 8aw at !eath:-enerally

C% ants C% la to apply to its people at deat$1divor#e b# it $as el+are interest in t$em '990i+ divor#e #t #an*t satis+y CP interests in out8o+8state P +or spouses domi#iled in

C% by dividin) CP1YCP3 #t my eer#ises in personam+or #onveyan#e. Or aard party Nvalue it ould*ve re#eived i+ prop ere #onveyed

C% P oned by married #ouples domi#iled out o+ C% is under 4'0: ill admin*d in C%3

survivor $as rt to assert ele#tive s$are o+ state domi#iled (C% doesn*t $ave stron) el+areinterest in non8domi#iliaries

Prop a#q*d by out8o+8states #ouples later in C%under C% la

CP in#ludes =90 property %?D all personalty $erever situated prop situated in C%

#onsidered CP in t$e state $ere a#quirin) spouse as domi#iled

9CP(t$in& ;SP durin) li+e subje#t to CP distroC 4'/: P1PP a#q*d by eit$er sp domi#iled else$ere $i#$ ould*ve been CP $ere

CPC 99: all PP $erever situated P situated in C% $i#$ ould*ve been

!uring Marriage: YCP m)mt1#ontrol ()i+ts tooretained by sp $o oned b+ #omin)

$ere! #reditors C%? rea#$

At !ivorce: treated S%ME %S CP

At !eath +CPC ;


19/21

o Add)a)na%e re%edy: no mism)mt required (add name or #$an)e title

Problems: $o does t$e ot$er spouse pay t$e retainerV! leads to +i)$ts

'usiness -2cetion: spouse operatin) business1interest in business t$at is mostly CP $as

primary m)mt1#ontrol o+ PP and may a#t alone! but must )ive ritten noti#e to ot$er spo+ all1substantially all PP used in business (t$ere*s no ability to void so it*s toot$less

Spouse #an*t sell motor $ome3 +urnis$in)s3 #lot$es o+ &ids1ot$er sp 1o ritten #onsento Sale #an be voided 1o payin) pur#$aser (el+are #on#ern

-i+ts require joinder unless +or +air1reasonable #onsideration

Spre#&els: ratification H 1written consent2non8donor spouse subsequent ill a#&*in)

)i+t as rati+i#ation (#t #ould*ve said ;$is estate< meant "*s trans+er o+ $is interest

>ields v. Mi#$ael: unconsenting sp can recover from donees )mistresses+ OF estate

"arris: ()i+t #onsent ri)or: action may $e $rought after non-consenters death! 7

mentally ill! " $er )uardian3 -C )i+ts 1o #onsent1#t permission. Son )ot ba#& 41'

Iray: cant put CP into 34 for son w0o consideration

o (+ed*l bonds subje#t to preemption!

o #ourt #ould*ve +ound GT a bonus in#entive and +ound son*s or& #onsiderationo #ompare Iramer: (onerous v. lu#rative it$ Iray: )i+t i+ #onsideration

o Every time a #$arity )ets a )i+t)et sp to #osi)n! ACL% sends t$an&8you*s to

bot$ spouses so it*s li&e implied #onsent! anot$er approa#$ is providin)#onsideration in t$e +orm o+ plaques3 et#

,iduciary !uty:Fefrain from grossly negligent% rec*less conduct! don*t squander! di++i#ult testb# ;li+estyle< di++er (epenses +or enjoyment! Ieltran dras line at ille)al be$avior! pro+ doesn*tli&e >Dt$in&s it*s a problem +or #ommer#e! $at about ris&y be$avior

Creditor&s $ights:

Creditor*s ri)$ts ?OT: 4 #t order o+ satis+a#tion! ' spousal rt o+ reimb! $i#$ spouse)ets assi)ned debts at divor#e

ACC liability: all o+ person*s property is liable +or debts underta&en

:n Femliability: 5 Yuestions:

4 7$at*s t$e #$ar o+ property tryin) to be rea#$ed! ' 7$o in#urred debt! 7$en diddebt arise! 5 Anusual type o+ debt (ne#essaries3 #$ild support3 tort dama)esV

Debtor $imsel+ alays liable

SP not liable +or debts #ontra#ted by ot$er durin) be+ore or durin) marria)e except:

o ecessaries$i#$ depend on station1li+estyle (be#ause o+ duty to support

CP liable +or debt o+ eit$er spouse #ontra#ted b+1durin) marria)e up to separation except:

o Pre8mar debt $eld in uncommingledban& a##ount (toot$less: on#e sp buyssomet$in)#an be atta#$ed! ot$er spouse #an as& #ourt to add name

Ter%ination of Marriage:

Permanent separation (no req +or le)al en+or#ement! o+ten one party disputes

Iar)ary:separation requires intent to permanently separate and physical separationEye do#tor 1youn) ->! 7 does laundry3 attends so#ials! se li+e doesn*t matter to #ourts


20/21


21/21

o %#tual ,raud! Per0ury! !uress! Mental Incaacity! Stipulated1un#ontested

jud)ments i+ by %istake(la or +a#t! +ailure to disclose

=eed to $ead More:

%leander: inequita$le division not enough after So< )here E months+

'4 yr marria)e $ere 7 says s$e ants not$in) (depressionV!

ni#e " $o used do8it8yoursel+ boo&!

set aside unli&ely by sttt b# only )rounds #lose is ;mental in#apa#ity< ($i)$ t$res$old

Iro#&man: duress is sufficient ground for set-aside#ustody battle so 7 ill do a deal! #urrent std is ;best interests o+ #$ild

Civil Procedure Attack Outline

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