City-States

Athens Vs. Sparta

9/20 Bell-Ringer

• 1. Define Democracy

• 2. What makes the United States a democracy?

• 3. In what ways is the United States not a democracy?

Greek Polis

Essential Question

• How did democracy develop in Ancient Greece?

Rule and Order in Greek City-States

• Geography = significantly influenced Greek political life.

• No single government

• Developed: small, independent communities

– Loyalty to these local communities.

• Polis= City-State; independent political unit

– Free Citizens

• Most Greek city-states had the following:

– Agora = center for trade & government

– Acropolis, a temple on a hill dedicated to a sacred god

Loyalty to City-State

• Despite similar language & religion, the Greek polis were very different from each other,

especially how they were governed

Greek city-states had many different forms of Government:

• Monarchy: government ruled by a king

• Aristocracy: government ruled by wealthy nobles

• Oligarchy: government ruled by few (powerful) people

• Tyrant - Rules in name of the ”common man”

Democracy- Government ruled by the People

Athens =

“Birthplace of Democracy”

Evolution of Athens to Democracy

• Draco- imposes “draconian punishments "for crimes

• Solon- creates system to improve social divisions (elites vs. commoners)

• Free small farmers from debt servitude• For classes of citizens (wealth not birth)• Established ekklesia (citizen assembly)

• Cleisthenes- introduced reforms elevating the demos to political power

Cleisthenes Democratic Reforms

• 1. Creates 10 new tribes based on geography• 2. All freemen can debate issues and vote yes/no with

white or black rocks• 3. The ekklesia selects a 500 person council & judges,

council presents proposals to an assembly go all citizens

• 4. Ostracism- a bad politician can be banished for 10 years by the people

• 5. Selection by Lot- was introduced for choosing arches (used to be aristocrats) wealth didn’t matter

Answer the Essential Question

• How did democracy develop in ancient Greece?

• 3 paragraphs

• Using only the following resources:

• Textbook chapter 6 Section 2

• Lecture Notes

• Assignment due Monday

Athenian Education• Formal education

– Not for girls

– Boys sent to private schools (age 7)

• Grammar, reading, writing, math, music, oratory

• Only for upper classes

= Development of citizens who could participate in government and public affairs

9/21 Bell-Ringer

Review your notes and answer the following question:

How did democracy develop in Ancient Greece?

Review

• Direct participation = Direct Democracy– people vote on

everything = Key to Athenian democracy.

• U.S. today = Representative Democracy– vote for people to

make decisions for us.

SPARTA

Sparta Builds a Military State

• Isolated city-state • Culturally & politically

different = Athens• Oligarchy- government

ruled by a few. • - 2 Kings• Education= NOT

important.• Training to become a

good soldiers = Important.

• Helots = peasants forced to work the land

• Slaves of the state

– Not individually owned

– (not able to vote)

• 2/3 of population

• Attempted revolt 640 BCE

• Sparta = create a stronger army

Women

• Received training- Participation in sports in public

• Girls taught reading and writing

• Supervised farms

• Expected and driven to produce strong and healthy children & loyalty

• Could own and control property but held no political rights

Spartan Government: Military State

• Citizens - original inhabitants of Sparta

• Assembly– Government decision = all male

citizens were allowed to participate in.

• Council of Elders• 5 elected officials carried out laws• 2 kings ruled the military• Government = considered one of

the most stable in all of Ancient Greece =– led to a warrior and military

state (state above individual)

Social Class

• Three classes of people:• First class=• Only men born in Sparta were citizens.• Second class = Women & people who came from

other city-states or other countries. – Could own businesses – Couldn’t become citizens

• Free farmers and craftsmen (not able to vote)

• Third class= slaves: – Helots, slaves of the state (not able to vote)

Life of Spartan

• Rigorously trained from Birth– Boys taken from families at age 7

• Began their only career: a soldier

• Learned total obedience, superhuman endurance, and skills of a soldier.

• Age 20 - 30: Cadet, guarding the borders, policed the country & controlled the slaves.

• Age 30: Married, mature enjoyed rights and duties of a citizen until 60= military duty over, train youth or public service

• Lost only two battles in 500 years, terrifying in combat

RACE WRITING

• 5 paragraphs

• Compare and Contrast Athens and Sparta

• 3-4 sentences each paragraph

• 1 paragraph Sparta

• 1 paragraph Athens

• 3 paragraphs compare and contrast similarities and differences:

– Economy, Military, Education, Government, Etc.

Graphic Organizer: Compare and Contrast Athens and

Spartans Daily Lives

• Retake Quizzes

• Get information then fill out compare and contrast circle chart