City Development Plan - Agartala

AAAbbbbbbrrreeevvviiiaaatttiiiooonnn ADB - Asian Development Bank AMC - Agartala Municipal Council AH - Asian Highways ALTID - Asian Land Transport Infrastructure Development AAQ - Ambient Air Quality ASI - Archaeological Survey of India AV - Annual Value AIFC - Average Incremental Financial Cost ASP - Activated sludge Process BPL - Below Poverty Line BIS - Bureau of Indian Standard BOD - Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand BCPP - Biodiversity conservation Prioritization Project CDP - City Development Plan CPC - Chairperson in Council Committee CDS - Community Development Structures CGWB - Central Ground Water Board CPCB - Central Pollution Control Board CEO - Chief executive officer CPHEEO - Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization DFO - Divisional Forest Officers EPIP - Export Promotion Industrial Park EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment GAPA - Greater Agartala Planning Area GoI - Government of India GoT - Government of Tripura HIG - High Income Group IRP - Iron Removal plant ILCS - Integrated Low Cost Sanitation IMR - Indo-Myanmar range JNNURM - Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission LIG - Low Income Group lpcpd - Liters Per Capita Per Day LCS - Low Cost sanitation scheme MIG - Middle Income Group MP - Marginally Poor MLD - Million Liters Per Day MoEF - Ministry of Environment and Forests MSW - Municipal Solid Wastes NH - National Highways NSDP - National Slum Development Programme NGOs - Non-Governmental Organizations NBSAP - National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan OHTs - Overhead Tanks PSP - Private Sector Participation PHD - Public Health Division PHED - Public Health Engineering Department PWD - Public Works Department ppm - parts per million RoW - right of way SES - Socio Economic Survey SDP - State Domestic Product SHGs - Self Help Groups SFC - State Finance Commission SEC - State Election Commission

Government of Tripura a Urban Development Department

Preparation of City Development Plan for Agartala

Government of Tripura b Urban Development Department

SJSRY - Swarna Jayanthi Shahari Rozgar Yojana SIPARD - State Institution for Public Administration and Rural Development SWM - Solid Waste Management SFD - State Forest Department SR - Service Reservoirs STP - Sewage Treatment Plant SWHR - Solid Waste Handling Rules TAR - Trans Asian Railways T&CS - Thrift and Credit Societies TLC - Total Literacy Campaign TRTC - Tripura Road Transport Corporation UPE - Urban Poverty Eradication USEP - Urban Self Employment Programme UWEP - Urban Wage Employment Programme UPE - Urban Poverty Eradication Cell UD - Urban Development uPVC - Unplasticised Poly Vinyl Chloride UFW - Unaccounted For Water VAMBAY - Valmiki Ambedkar Awaas Yojana

TTTaaabbbllleee ooofff CCCooonnnttteeennntttsss EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................1 1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................1-1 1.1. BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................1-1 1.1.1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CDP.....................................................................................1-2 1.2. CITY DEVELOPMENT PLANNING PROCESS.................................................................1-3 1.2.1. CONSULTATIONS.............................................................................................................1-4 1.2.2. STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION WORKSHOP ............................................................1-4 1.3. VISION STATEMENTS EMERGING FROM CONSULTATIONS......................................1-5 1.4. STRUCTURE OF THE FINAL REPORT ...........................................................................1-6 2. CITY LOCATION & REGIONAL CONTEXT .....................................................................2-1 2.1. ORIGIN AND HISTORY.....................................................................................................2-1 2.2. LOCATION OF THE CITY .................................................................................................2-1 2.3. CLIMATE............................................................................................................................2-1 2.4. TOPOGRAPHY..................................................................................................................2-1 2.5. REGIONAL SETTINGS......................................................................................................2-1 2.6. HISTORY AND CULTURE ................................................................................................2-2 2.7. EVOLUTION OF AGARTALA CITY...................................................................................2-3 3. SOCIAL & DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE.............................................................................3-1 3.1. POPULATION GROWTH TRENDS...................................................................................3-1 3.1.1. GREATER AGARTALA PLANNING AREA .......................................................................3-1 3.1.2. AGARTALA MUNICIPAL AREA ........................................................................................3-2 3.2. POPULATION DENSITY ...................................................................................................3-3 3.3. LITERACY AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ......................................................................3-6 3.4. SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS...........................................................................................3-7 3.4.1. PLACE OF BIRTH..............................................................................................................3-7 3.4.2. AGE STRUCTURE ............................................................................................................3-8 3.4.3. RELIGION ..........................................................................................................................3-9 3.4.4. SOCIAL GROUPS .............................................................................................................3-9 3.5. POPULATION PROJECTION..........................................................................................3-10 4. URBAN GROWTH MANAGEMENT .................................................................................4-1 4.1. PHYSICAL GROWTH PATTERN ......................................................................................4-1 4.2. EXISTING LAND USE .......................................................................................................4-1 4.3. PROPOSED LAND USE....................................................................................................4-4 4.4. DIRECTION OF PHYSICAL GROWTH.............................................................................4-4 4.5. CONSTRAINTS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT.............................................................4-6 4.6. FUTURE POPULATION DISTRIBUTION..........................................................................4-7 4.7. ISSUES ..............................................................................................................................4-8 5. ECONOMIC PROFILE.......................................................................................................5-1 5.1. WORK PARTICIPATION AND OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE......................................5-1 5.2. HOUSEHOLD INCOME, EXPENDITURE AND SAVINGS ...............................................5-2 5.2.1. INCOME DISTRIBUTION ..................................................................................................5-3 5.3. STATE DOMESTIC PRODUCT.........................................................................................5-4 5.3.1. SECTORAL CONTRIBUTION TO INCOME......................................................................5-5 5.3.2. CITY INCOME....................................................................................................................5-6 5.4. INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT .........................................................................................5-6 5.5. TOURISM...........................................................................................................................5-7 5.6. TRADE AND COMMERCE................................................................................................5-8 5.7. PROPOSED NEW ECONOMIC INITIATIVES...................................................................5-9 5.8. GOVERNMENT POLICIES..............................................................................................5-11

Government of Tripura I Urban Development Department


Government of Tripura II Urban Development Department

5.8.1. INDIA’S LOOK EAST POLICY.........................................................................................5-11 5.8.2. FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS ........................................................................................5-11 5.8.3. ASIAN HIGHWAYS..........................................................................................................5-11 5.8.4. TRANS ASIAN RAILWAY (TAR) .....................................................................................5-12 5.9. ISSUES ............................................................................................................................5-12 6. URBAN POOR AND HOUSING........................................................................................6-1 6.1. ESTIMATES OF POOR .....................................................................................................6-1 6.2. REVIEW OF URBAN POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES ...................................6-3 6.2.1. INSTITUTIONAL SETUP FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION................................................6-3 6.3. SLUMS...............................................................................................................................6-6 6.3.1. CRITERIA FOR SLUM IDENTIFICATION.........................................................................6-7 6.3.2. ESTIMATES OF SLUM POPULATION .............................................................................6-7 6.3.3. DISTRIBUTION OF SLUMS ..............................................................................................6-8 6.3.4. SLUM UPGRADATION PROJECTS ...............................................................................6-10 6.4. URBAN HOUSING...........................................................................................................6-11 6.4.1. TYPES OF HOUSING......................................................................................................6-12 6.5. ISSUES ............................................................................................................................6-13 7. URBAN SERVICES...........................................................................................................7-1 7.1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................7-1 7.2. WATER SUPPLY...............................................................................................................7-1 7.2.1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................7-1 7.2.2. SOURCE............................................................................................................................7-1 7.2.3. RESERVOIRS....................................................................................................................7-2 7.2.4. DISTRIBUTION..................................................................................................................7-3 7.2.5. SUPPLY .............................................................................................................................7-5 7.2.6. IRON CONTENT................................................................................................................7-5 7.3. SEWERAGE AND SANITATION .......................................................................................7-5 7.4. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT........................................................................................7-6 7.4.1. SOURCE............................................................................................................................7-6 7.4.2. COLLECTION ....................................................................................................................7-6 7.4.3. TRANSPORTATION..........................................................................................................7-7 7.4.4. DISPOSAL SYSTEM .........................................................................................................7-9 7.5. STORM WATER DRAINAGE ..........................................................................................7-11 7.5.1. NATURAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM.....................................................................................7-11 7.5.2. REVIEW OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM...........................................................................7-11 7.6. TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ........................................................................................7-14 7.6.1. TRAFFIC VOLUME..........................................................................................................7-15 7.6.2. VOLUME CAPACITY RATIO...........................................................................................7-17 7.6.3. PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC AT SELECTED LOCATIONS ..................................................7-18 7.6.4. PARKING .........................................................................................................................7-19 7.6.5. SPEED AND ACCIDENT.................................................................................................7-19 7.7. INFRASTRUCTURE GAPS AND FUTURE REQUIREMENTS.......................................7-21 8. URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS ..............................................................................8-1 8.1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................8-1 8.2. PHYSICAL RESOURCES..................................................................................................8-1 8.2.1. TERRAIN ...........................................................................................................................8-1 8.2.2. CLIMATE............................................................................................................................8-1 8.2.3. GEOLOGY .........................................................................................................................8-1 8.2.4. SOILS.................................................................................................................................8-1 8.2.5. SEISMICITY OF THE NORTHEASTERN REGION ..........................................................8-1 8.2.6. DRAINAGE ........................................................................................................................8-5 8.2.7. GROUND WATER .............................................................................................................8-6 8.3. WATER QUALITY..............................................................................................................8-6 8.3.1. SURFACE WATER QUALITY ...........................................................................................8-6 8.3.2. GROUND WATER QUALITY.............................................................................................8-7 8.4. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY....................................................................................................8-8


Government of Tripura III Urban Development Department

8.5. AMBIENT NOISE LEVELS ................................................................................................8-8 8.6. ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES............................................................................................8-9 8.6.1. BIODIVERSITY ..................................................................................................................8-9 8.6.2. PHYTO DIVERSITY WITHIN AGARTALA.......................................................................8-11 8.6.3. AQUATIC FAUNA............................................................................................................8-14 8.7. LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENV. MANAGEMENT – CENTRAL ACTS / RULES.........8-15 8.7.1. GUIDELINES FOR TREE FELLING FROM NON-FOREST AREAS ISSUED IN

COMPLIANCE OF SUPREME COURT ORDER, DATED 12TH MAY 2001. .................8-16 8.8. ISSUES PERTAINING TO URBAN ENVIRONMENT IN AGARTALA ............................8-16 8.9. STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVEMENT OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT ..............................8-17

9. URBAN FINANCE .............................................................................................................9-1 9.1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................9-1 9.2. STATE FINANCE POSITION ............................................................................................9-1 9.2.1. EXPENDITURE TRENDS..................................................................................................9-1 9.2.2. REVENUE TRENDS..........................................................................................................9-2 9.3. DEVOLUTION OF RESOURCES TO URBAN LOCAL BODIES.......................................9-4 9.4. OVERVIEW OF MUNICIPAL FINANCES..........................................................................9-5 9.5. STRUCTURE OF MUNICPAL FINANCES........................................................................9-5 9.5.1. REVENUES .......................................................................................................................9-5 9.5.2. PROPERTY TAX ...............................................................................................................9-7 9.5.3. OTHER REVENUE RESOURCES ....................................................................................9-8 9.5.4. SCOPE FOR ADDITIONAL REVENUE.............................................................................9-9 9.5.5. EXPENDITURES ...............................................................................................................9-9 9.6. KEY FINANCIAL INDICATORS.......................................................................................9-10 9.7. STATUS OF MUNICIPAL FUND .....................................................................................9-10 9.7.1. PROJECTION OF RECEIPTS/EXPENDITURE OF AMC...............................................9-11 10. URBAN GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK................................10-1 10.1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................10-1 10.2. STRUCTURE OF URBAN GOVERNANCE.....................................................................10-1 10.3. INSTITUTIONS IN URBAN MANAGEMENT...................................................................10-1 10.4. 74TH CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT........................................................................10-4 10.5. GOVERNING STRUCTURE OF AMC.............................................................................10-6 10.5.1. POLITICAL WING............................................................................................................10-7 10.5.2. EXECUTIVE WING........................................................................................................10-10 10.6. RECENT MANAGEMENT REFORMS ..........................................................................10-12 10.6.1. CONTINUOUS MONITORING SYSTEM:......................................................................10-12 10.6.2. E-GOVERNANCE..........................................................................................................10-12 10.6.3. FACILITIES AVAILABLE ONLINE: ................................................................................10-12 10.7. ISSUES ..........................................................................................................................10-13 11. COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONS...................................................................................11-1 11.1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................11-1 11.2. STAKEHOLDERS PROFILE ...........................................................................................11-1 11.2.1. PRIMARY STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION FINDINGS .............................................11-1 11.2.2. CONSULTATIONS WITH SECONDARY STAKEHOLDERS..........................................11-3 11.3. CONSULTATION FINDINGS...........................................................................................11-4 12. CITY SWOT ASSESSMENT ...........................................................................................12-1 12.1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................12-1 13. PRIORITIZATION OF ISSUES........................................................................................13-1 13.1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................13-1 13.2. PRIORITIZATION OF ISSUES - COMMUNITIES ...........................................................13-1 13.2.1. INFLUENCE OF GENDER ON PRIORITIZATION OF ISSUES......................................13-2 13.2.2. WATER SUPPLY.............................................................................................................13-3 13.2.3. SEWERAGE ....................................................................................................................13-3


Government of Tripura IV Urban Development Department

13.2.4. DRAINAGE ......................................................................................................................13-3 13.2.5. SLUM UPGRADATION....................................................................................................13-4 13.2.6. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT......................................................................................13-4 13.2.7. TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION ...............................................................................13-4 13.2.8. SOCIAL INHIBITION OVER USE OF COMMUNITY TOILETS.......................................13-4 13.3. PRIORITIZATION OF ISSUES – SLSC...........................................................................13-5 14. CITY VISION....................................................................................................................14-1 14.1. AGARTALA CITY VISION................................................................................................14-1 14.2. SECTOR GOALS AND STRATEGIES ............................................................................14-1 15. PROJECTS AND CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN .........................................................15-1 15.1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................15-1 15.2. WATER SUPPLY.............................................................................................................15-1 15.3. STRATEGY PROPOSED – WATER SUPPLY................................................................15-1 15.1.1. ENHANCING PRESENT WATER PRODUCTION CAPACITY.......................................15-3 15.1.2. SERVICE RESERVOIRS (SR) ........................................................................................15-3 15.1.3. SECONDARY NETWORK...............................................................................................15-4 15.1.4. CONSUMER METERS ....................................................................................................15-4 15.1.5. HOUSE SERVICE CONNECTION ..................................................................................15-4 15.1.6. SELECTION OF PIPE MATERIAL ..................................................................................15-4 15.1.7. IRON REMOVAL PLANTS ..............................................................................................15-4 15.1.8. SUMMARY OF PROJECT COMPONENTS....................................................................15-5 15.4. SEWERAGE AND SANITATION .....................................................................................15-6 15.5. STRATEGY PROPOSED – SEWERAGE AND SANITATION........................................15-7 15.1.9. POPULATION PROJECTION AND SEWAGE CONTRIBUTION....................................15-8 15.1.10 SEWERAGE ZONING OF MASTER PLAN AREA..........................................................15-9 15.1.11 DESIGN OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS .........................................................................15-9 15.1.12 PRIMARYNETWORKS..................................................................................................15-10 15.1.13 SECONDARY AND TERTIARY NETWORKS...............................................................15-10 15.1.14 DESIGN OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT...............................................................15-11 15.1.15 SEWAGE TREATMENT OPTIONS CONSIDERED......................................................15-11 15.1.16 SUGGESTED TREATMENT METHODS ......................................................................15-13 15.1.17 DESIGN OF LOW COST SANITATION FACILITIES ....................................................15-14 15.1.18 PROPOSED SCOPE OF THE PROJECT.....................................................................15-14 15.6. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT....................................................................................15-15 15.7. DRAINAGE ....................................................................................................................15-18 15.8. TRANSPORTATION......................................................................................................15-19 15.9. SLUM UPGRADATION..................................................................................................15-21 15.10. SOCIAL AMENITIES......................................................................................................15-22 15.11. OTHER ENABLING DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS.......................................................15-23 15.12. URBAN GOVERNANCE AND CAPACITY BUILDING..................................................15-25 15.13. SUMMARY OF CAPITAL INVESTMENT NEEDS - 2011..............................................15-25 15.14. SUMMARY.....................................................................................................................15-26 16. FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN ....................................................................................16-1 16.1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................16-1 16.2. INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT PROPOSALS ........................................................16-1 16.1.1. THE INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS............................................................................16-1 16.1.2. THE FINANCING STRATEGIES .....................................................................................16-3 16.3. AMC FINANCE PROJECTIONS......................................................................................16-5 16.1.3. FORECAST OF REVENUE INCOME..............................................................................16-5 16.4. SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT ........................................................................................16-7 16.5. RESULTS OF THE FOP..................................................................................................16-8 APPENDIX Appendix 15.1 to Appendix 15.5 Appendix 16.1 to Appendix 16.9

LLLiiisssttt ooofff TTTaaabbbllleeesss TABLE 1-1: DETAILS OF CONSULTATION PROGRAM ........................................................1-4 TABLE 3-1: GAPA- CONSTITUENT AREA, 2001 ...................................................................3-1 TABLE 3-2: AGARTALA MUNICIPAL COUNCIL AREA (AMC AREA)....................................3-3 TABLE 3-3: GAPA – POPULATION DENSITY, 1971-01 (PERSONS/SQ. KM.) .....................3-4 TABLE 3-4: GAPA – POPULATION BY CONSTITUENTS, 1991- 2001..................................3-5 TABLE 4-1: AGARTALA: EXISTING LAND USE, 1991 (ERSTWHILE MUNICIPAL AREA)...4-1 TABLE 4-2: AGARTALA: GAPA - EXISTING LAND USE 2001...............................................4-2 TABLE 4-3: GAPA - EXISTING AND PROPOSED LAND USE...............................................4-4 TABLE 4-4: GAPA – PROJECTED POPULATION, 2001 – 2041............................................4-7 TABLE 4-5: PROJECTED POPULATION BY ZONES, 2005-2041 .........................................4-8 TABLE 5-1: GAPA - EMPLOYMENT PROFILE (%) OF PERSONS, 2005..............................5-1 TABLE 5-2: GAPA - OCCUPATION PROFILE (%) OF LABOUR FORCE, 2005 ....................5-2 TABLE 5-3: GAPA - AVERAGE INCOME, EXPENDITURE AND............................................5-2 TABLE 5-4: GAPA, INCOME DISTRIBUTION (%), 2005 ........................................................5-3 TABLE 5-5: GAPA- PERCENTAGE (%) OF AVERAGE EXPENDITURE ON DIFFERENT

ITEMS, 2005 .........................................................................................................5-4 TABLE 5-6: GAPA- CITY DOMESTIC PRODUCT, 2001-02 (INR MILLION) ..........................5-6 TABLE 5-7: GAPA - DETAILS OF INDUSTRIAL ESTATES....................................................5-6 TABLE 5-8: TOURIST ARRIVALS IN AGARTALA CITY, 1997- 2003.....................................5-7 TABLE 5-9: GAPA, INCOME DISTRIBUTION (%), 2005 ........................................................5-8 TABLE 6-1: POPULATION BELOW POVERTY LINE (%).......................................................6-1 TABLE 6-2: POVERTY MAPPING-INDICATORS....................................................................6-1 TABLE 6-3: AGARTALA- INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION

PROGRAMMES....................................................................................................6-3 TABLE 6-4: AGARTALA: SLUM POPULATION, 2005 ............................................................6-7 TABLE 6-5: AGARTALA: PROFILE OF SLUMS, 2005............................................................6-9 TABLE 6-6: NATIONAL SLUM DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME..........................................6-10 TABLE 6-7: VAMBAY (1998-2005) ........................................................................................6-10 TABLE 6-8: INTEGRATED LOW COST SANITATION..........................................................6-11 TABLE 6-9: LAND TENURE (%) ............................................................................................6-11 TABLE 6-10: TYPE OF DWELLING (%) OF HOUSEHOLDS..................................................6-12 TABLE 7-1: STATEMENT OF PRESENT PRODUCTION.......................................................7-2 TABLE 7-2: SALIENT FEATURES OF WATER SUPPLY IN GAPA, 2005..............................7-2 TABLE 7-3: LIST OF EXISTING SERVICE RESERVOIRS .....................................................7-2 TABLE 7-4: RESERVOIR’S PROFILE .....................................................................................7-3 TABLE 7-5: PROFILE OF CENTRAL WATER SERVICE........................................................7-4 TABLE 7-6: SALIENT FEATURES OF SANITATION CONDITION IN GAPA .........................7-5 TABLE 7-7: SALIENT FEATURES OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN GAPA ................7-6 TABLE 7-8: REFUSE VEHICLES FLEET OF AMC .................................................................7-7 TABLE 7-9: SALIENT FEATURES OF DRAINAGE CONDITION IN GAPA, 2005................7-11 TABLE 7-10: MAJOR TRAFFIC NODES .................................................................................7-14 TABLE 7-11: AVERAGE DAILY AND PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC VOLUME BY LOCATION ......7-16 TABLE 7-12: VEHICLES REGISTERED IN AGARTALA.........................................................7-16 TABLE 7-13: COMPOSITION OF TRAFFIC (%) AT CERTAIN LOCATION............................7-17 TABLE 7-14: COMPARATIVE MOTOR ACCIDENT CASES IN AGARTALA CITY ................7-19 TABLE 7-15: PATTERNS OF WATER CONSUMPTION.........................................................7-21 TABLE 7-16: POPULATION AND WATER DEMAND PROJECTIONS 2001- 2041 ...............7-21

Government of Tripura V Urban Development Department


Government of Tripura VI Urban Development Department

TABLE 7-17: WATER REQUIREMENTS AND SEWAGE CONTRIBUTIONS FROM.............7-22 TABLE 7-18: WASTE GENERATION PROJECTIONS FOR GAPA........................................7-23 TABLE 7-19: WASTE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL PATTERN IN GAPA (2006-2041) .....7-23 TABLE 7-20: REJECTS GENERATION (2006 – 2041) ...........................................................7-23 TABLE 7-21: LAND REQUIREMENT FOR LANDFILL SITE ...................................................7-24 TABLE 7-22: LOCATION WISE PEAK PARKING DEMAND...................................................7-24 TABLE 7-23: PARKING DEMAND ON IDENTIFIED LOCATION (PEAK HOUR IN ECS) ......7-25 TABLE 7-24 ............................................................................................................................7-25 TABLE 8-1: SURFACE WATER QUALITY OF HAORA RIVER ..............................................8-6 TABLE 8-2: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY - AGARTALA ................................................................8-8 TABLE 8-3: NOISE LEVELS – AGARTALA (2002 - 2003) ......................................................8-8 TABLE 8-4: IMPORTANCE FLORAL SPECIES ....................................................................8-10 TABLE 8-5: PHYTO DIVERSITY AT VARIOUS LOCATIONS WITHIN AGARTALA.............8-12 TABLE 8-6: FISH SPECIES ...................................................................................................8-14 TABLE 8-7: PONDS WITHIN AGARTALA .............................................................................8-14 TABLE 8-8: ENVIRONMENT SECTOR - LEGAL FRAMEWORK..........................................8-15 TABLE 8-9: STRATEGIES AND PROJECTS TO IMPROVE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH OF

THE CITY............................................................................................................8-17 TABLE 9-1: TRENDS IN THE FISCAL AGG. OF TRIPURA-2000-01 ( OF GSDP) ................9-1 TABLE 9-2: TRENDS IN THE STRUCTURE AND GROWTH OF AGGREGATE

GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE OF AGARTALA– 2000-01 (RS MILLION) .......9-1 TABLE 9-3: TRENDS IN THE STRUCTURE AND GROWTH OF AGGREGATE

GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE OF AGARTALA – 2000-01..............................9-2 TABLE 9-4: TRENDS IN THE STRUCTURE OF AGGREGATE GOVT. RECEIPTS..............9-2 TABLE 9-5: TRENDS IN THE STRUCTURE OF AGGREGATE GOVT. RECEIPTS..............9-3 TABLE 9-6: REVENUE FROM MAJOR TAXES IN TRIPURA (RS MILLION) .........................9-3 TABLE 9-7: REVENUE FROM MAJOR NON-TAX SOURCES TRIPURA (RS MILLION) ......9-3 TABLE 9-8: TRENDS IN THE REVENUE RECEIPTS OF AGARTALA MUNICIPAL

CORPORATION ...................................................................................................9-6 TABLE 9-9: TAXES AND NON-TAXES LEVIED......................................................................9-6 TABLE 9-10: TRENDS IN THE MAJOR COMPONENTS OF OWN TAX REVENUES OF.......9-7 TABLE 9-11: AGARTALA - NUMBER OF ASSESSMENTS AND TAX DEMAND, ...................9-8 TABLE 9-12: TRENDS IN THE MAJOR COMPT. OF OWN NON-TAX REVENUES OF..........9-8 TABLE 9-13: REVENUE EXPENDITURE OF AMC BY ITEMS, 1998-99 TO 2004-05 .............9-9 TABLE 9-14: SELECTED FISCAL HEALTH INDICATORS 1998-99 TO 2004-05 ..................9-10 TABLE 9-15: RECEIPTS/EXPENDITURE SUMMARY 1998-99 TO 2004-05 (RS MILLION) .9-11 TABLE 9-16: PROJECTIONS OF RECEIPTS/EXPENDITURE OF AMC (RS MILLION)........9-11 TABLE 11-1: DETAILS OF PRIMARY CONSULTATION PROG. HELD IN AGARTALA........11-1 TABLE 11-2: SECONDARY STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION PROGRAM HELD IN

AGARTALA.........................................................................................................11-4 TABLE 11-3: SUMMARY OF CONSULTATION FINDINGS FOR WATER SUPPLY

COMPONENT IN AGARTALA............................................................................11-4 TABLE 11-4: SUMMARY OF CONSULTATION FINDINGS FOR SEWERAGE COMPONENT IN

AGARTALA.........................................................................................................11-5 TABLE 11-5: SUMMARY OF CONSULTATION FINDINGS FOR DRAINAGE COMPONENT IN

AGARTALA.........................................................................................................11-7 TABLE 11-6: DRAINAGE IMPROVEMENT PROPOSALS FOR AGARTALA .........................11-7 TABLE 11-7: SUMMARY OF CONSULTATION FINDINGS FOR SWM IN AGARTALA.......11-12 TABLE 11-8: SUMMARY OF CONSULTATION FINDINGS FOR TRANSPORTATION IN

AGARTALA.......................................................................................................11-13 TABLE 11-9: TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION PROPOSALS FOR AGARTALA............11-14 TABLE 12-1: AGARTALA CITY STRENGTHS ........................................................................12-2 TABLE 12-2: AGARTALA CITY WEAKNESS ..........................................................................12-2 TABLE 12-3: AGARTALA CITY OPPORTUNITIES .................................................................12-3


Government of Tripura VII Urban Development Department

TABLE 12-4: AGARTALA CITY THREATS..............................................................................12-3 TABLE 13-1: PRIORITY RANKING GIVEN TO INFRASTRUCTURE ISSUES.......................13-1 TABLE 13-2: REVISED PRIORITY RESPONSES...................................................................13-1 TABLE 13-3: RESPONSES BY PERCENTAGE FOR EACH RANKING.................................13-2 TABLE 13-4: WEIGHTED SCORES AND FINAL RANKING ...................................................13-2 TABLE 13-5: COMPOSITION OF PARTICIPANTS IN FGDS BY GENDER. ..........................13-3 TABLE 14-1: SECTOR GOALS AND STRATEGIES ...............................................................14-1 TABLE 15-1: ACTION TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE WATER SUPPLY SCHEME................15-1 TABLE 15-2: POPULATION REQUIREMENTS AND CAPACITIES 2001- 2041 ....................15-3 TABLE 15-3: COST ESTIMATES FOR THE PROPOSED WATER SUPPLY PROJECT.......15-5 TABLE 15-4: ACTIONS REQUIRED – SEWERAGE AND SANITATION................................15-6 TABLE 15-5: WATER REQUIREMENTS AND SEWAGE CONTRIBUTIONS FROM GAPA..15-8 TABLE 15-6: ZONE WISE POPULATION DISTRIBUTION & CAPACITY OF SEWAGE

TREATMENT PLANTS .......................................................................................15-9 TABLE 15-7: DESIGN PERIODS FOR COMPONENTS OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM AND.....15-9 TABLE 15-8: EXPECTED SEWAGE CHARACTERISTICS...................................................15-11 TABLE 15-9: BASIC ASSUMPTIONS FOR COMPARISON OF TREATMENT SOLU..........15-11 TABLE 15-10: COMPARISON OF VARIOUS TREATMENT OPTIONS..................................15-12 TABLE 15-11: AVERAGE INCREMENTAL FINANCIAL COST (AIFC) COMPARISON .........15-12 TABLE 15-12: COST ESTIMATE FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT:....................................15-14 TABLE 15-13: PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE FOR AGARTALA CITY .............15-15 TABLE 15-14: ACTIONS TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE SWM...................................................15-16 TABLE 15-15: COST ESTIMATES FOR SWM ........................................................................15-18 TABLE 15-16: COST ESTIMATES FOR DRAINAGE ..............................................................15-18 TABLE 15-17: COST ESTIMATES FOR EMBANKMENT .......................................................15-19 TABLE 15-18: ACTIONS REQUIRED - ROADS AND TRANSPORTATION...........................15-20 TABLE 15-19: COST ESTIMATES FOR TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION:......................15-21 TABLE 15-20: ACTIONS REQUIRED – SLUM UPGRADATION ............................................15-21 TABLE 15-21: SUMMARY OF CAPITAL INVESTMENTS FOR SLUM UPGRADATION:.......15-21 TABLE 15-22: COST ESTIMATES FOR PARKS :...................................................................15-22 TABLE 15-23: COST ESTIMATES FOR PLAYGROUNDS: ....................................................15-22 TABLE 15-24: COST ESTIMATES FOR STADIUMS ..............................................................15-22 TABLE 15-25: COST ESTIMATES FOR MARKETS:...............................................................15-23 TABLE 15-26: COST ESTIMATES FOR CULTURAL AND HERITAGE..................................15-23 TABLE 15-27: COST ESTIMATES FOR WATER BODIES .....................................................15-23 TABLE 15-28: COST ESTIMATES FOR OTHER ENABLING DEVE. PROJECTS.................15-24 TABLE 15-29: COST ESTIMATES FOR URBAN GOVERNANCE..........................................15-25 TABLE 15-30: TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT NEEDS FOR INFRASTRUCTURE

IMPROVEMENT ...............................................................................................15-25 TABLE 15-31: INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT UNDER ADB FUNDING BY 2011 ......15-25 TABLE 15-32: INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT UNDER UNDER JNNURM - 2011......15-26 TABLE 16-1: ESTIMATED INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS JNNURM (RS. LAKHS) ..........16-2 TABLE 16-2: FUNDING PATTERN OF THE NEW INVESTMENT FOR AGARTALA CITY -

CONTRIBUTION.................................................................................................16-4 TABLE 16-3: FUNDING PATTERN BY INSTITUTION FOR AGARTALA CITY .....................16-4 TABLE 16-4: FUNDING PATTERN BY INSTITUTION FOR AGARTALA CITY ......................16-5 TABLE 16-5: ASSUMPTION ADOPTED FOR FORECASTING REALIZATION UNDER

VARIOUS HEADS...............................................................................................16-5 TABLE 16-6: AMC – PROJECTED REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE PATTERN ..................16-5

LLLiiisssttt oooff FFFiiigguuurrreeesss f g FIGURE 1-1: PRINCIPLES OF CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN...................................................1-2 FIGURE 1-2: CITY DEVELOPMENT PLANNING PROCESS ...................................................1-3 FIGURE 2-1: AGARTALA – REGIONAL LINKAGES .................................................................2-2 FIGURE 2-2: VIEW OF AGARTALA CITY DURING EARLY 20TH CENTURY.........................2-3 FIGURE 3-1: CONSTITUENT AREAS WITHIN GAPA ..............................................................3-2 FIGURE 3-2: GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION, 1971-2001 .................................................3-3 FIGURE 3-3: POPULATION DENSITY AND GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION, 1971-01....3-4 FIGURE 3-4: GAPA-POPULATION DENSITY, 2001.................................................................3-5 FIGURE 3-5: GAPA – LITERACY AND EDUCATION (%) OF PERSONS, 2005 ......................3-7 FIGURE 3-6: GAPA - PLACE OF BIRTH (%) OF PERSONS, 2005..........................................3-8 FIGURE 3-7: GAPA – AGE STRUCTURE (%) OF PERSONS, 2005........................................3-9 FIGURE 3-8: GAPA – RELIGION (%) OF PERSONS, 2005 .....................................................3-9 FIGURE 4-1: AGARTALA: EXISTING LAND USE, 1991 (ERSTWHILE MUNICIPAL AREA)...4-2 FIGURE 4-2: EXISTING LAND USE GAPA-2001......................................................................4-3 FIGURE 4-3: GAPA- EXISTING LAND USE..............................................................................4-3 FIGURE 4-4: GAPA – STRATEGIC URBAN GROWTH ............................................................4-5 FIGURE 4-5: GAPA – FUTURE ACTIVITY CENTRES..............................................................4-6 FIGURE 4-6: GAPA – EXISTING & PROPOSED POPULATION DENSITY, 2001-2041..........4-7 FIGURE 5-1: GAPA - EMPLOYMENT PROFILE (%) OF PERSONS, 2005..............................5-1 FIGURE 5-2: GAPA - OCCUPATION PROFILE (%) OF LABOUR FORCE, 2005 ....................5-2 FIGURE 5-3: GAPA - AVERAGE INCOME, EXPENDITURE AND SAVINGS ..........................5-3 FIGURE 5-4: GAPA - INCOME CATEGORIZATION (%), 2005.................................................5-3 FIGURE 5-5: GAPA-PERCENTAGE (%) OF AVERAGE EXPENDITURE ON DIFFERENT

ITEMS, 2005 .........................................................................................................5-4 FIGURE 5-6: GSDP AT CONSTANT PRICES IN TRIPURA (URBAN), 1981- 01 .....................5-5 FIGURE 5-7: GAPA - SECTORAL CONTRIBUTION OF GSDP 1993-2001 .............................5-5 FIGURE 5-8: RECENT VIEW OF UJJAYANTA PALACE IN AGARTALA CITY FROM SINGHA

DWAR ...................................................................................................................5-7 FIGURE 5-9: A VIEW OF UJJAYANTA PALACE COMPLEX WITH WATER TANKS, SINGHA

DWAR, ..................................................................................................................5-8 FIGURE 5-10: GAPA - INCOME CATEGORIZATION (%), 2005.................................................5-9 FIGURE 5-11: MARKET PLACE ..................................................................................................5-9 FIGURE 6-1: PERSONS BELOW POVERTY LINE (%).............................................................6-2 FIGURE 6-2: COMPOSITE POVERTY INDEX ..........................................................................6-6 FIGURE 6-3: SLUM AREAS SLUM POPULATION....................................................................6-8 FIGURE 6-4: LAND TENURE SHIP .........................................................................................6-12 FIGURE 6-5: TYPE OF DWELLING (%) OF HOUSEHOLDS..................................................6-12 FIGURE 6-6: HOUSING AND TENURE STATUS – 2005 .......................................................6-13 FIGURE 7-1: EXISTING WATER SUPPLY ZONES AND COMPONENTS...............................7-4 FIGURE 7-2: EXISTING WASTE COLLECTION FREQUENCY AND COL. ROUTES. ............7-9 FIGURE 7-3: PRESENT COVERAGE OF HOUSE-TO-HOUSE COLLECTION BY NGOS....7-10 FIGURE 7-4: PRESENT DRAI. SYSTEM OF AGARTALA WITH THE EMBANKMENT .........7-12 FIGURE 7-5: LOW LYING AREAS...........................................................................................7-13 FIGURE 7-6: EXISTING ROAD NETWORK OF GAPA ...........................................................7-15 FIGURE 7-7: HOURLY VARIATIONS IN TRAFFIC .................................................................7-17 FIGURE 7-8: VOLUME CAPACITY RATIO, ON PRIMARY NETWORK, 2005 .......................7-18

Government of Tripura VIII Urban Development Department


Government of Tripura IX Urban Development Department

FIGURE 7-9: HOURLY VARIATION OF PEDESTRIAN VOLUME BY LOCATION.................7-19 FIGURE 7-10: SPEED PROFILE, 2005 .....................................................................................7-20 FIGURE 8-1: SEISMIC HAZARD MAP OF INDIA (BIS).............................................................8-2 FIGURE 8-2: EARTHQUAKES IN NE INDIA..............................................................................8-2 FIGURE 8-3: TRIPURA: EARTHQUAKE HAZARD MAP...........................................................8-3 FIGURE 8-4: GEOLOGY AND TECTONIC SETTING OF THE GREATER AGARTALA

PLANNING AREA.................................................................................................8-4 FIGURE 8-5: PRESENT SCENARIO OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF AGARTALA WITH THE

EMBANKMENT.....................................................................................................8-5 FIGURE 8-6: BIODIVERSITY PRIORITY SITES IN AGARTALA ............................................8-10 FIGURE 10-1: STATE LEVEL INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP FOR URBAN SERVICE DELIVERY IN

TRIPURA ............................................................................................................10-2 FIGURE 10-2: EXISTING ORGANISATION STRUCTURE OF AMC ........................................10-7 FIGURE 10-3: STRUCTURE OF CHAIRPERSON-IN COUNCIL OF AMC ...............................10-8 FIGURE 10-4: STRUCTURE OF EXECUTIVE WING OF AMC ..............................................10-11 FIGURE 11-1: LOCATION OF CONSULTATIONS....................................................................11-3 FIGURE 11-2 ............................................................................................................................11-9 FIGURE 11-3 ..........................................................................................................................11-10 FIGURE 11-4 ..........................................................................................................................11-11 FIGURE 15-1: PROPOSED SEWERAGE ZONES ..................................................................15-10 FIGURE 15-2: PROPOSED GOAL FOR GAPA AS PER ADB AND JNNURM .......................15-18 FIGURE 15-3: ESTIMATED INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS UNDER JNNURM - 2011......15-26 FIGURE 16-2: FUNDING PATTERN OF JNNURM PROJECTS UNDER SUB-MISSION ........16-3

CCCiiittyyy DDDeeevvveeelllooopppmmmeeennnttt PPPlllaaannn fffooorrr AAAgggaaarrrtttaaalllaaa ––– EEExxxeeecccuuutttiiivvveee SSSuuummmmmmaaarrryyy

t

A. CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN-THE PROCESS

The City Development Plan (CDP) for Agartala city has been initiated by Government of Tripura under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM), a scheme1 of Government of India. The objective of the JNNURM scheme is to improve the economic and physical infrastructure for the rapidly increasing urban population and also to provide essential facilities and services across the fast growing cities using public private partnership. The projects that qualify under this scheme include sub-sectors of water supply, sewerage and sanitation, drainage, solid waste management, roads and street lighting, energy and housing.

An important and essential component of the CDP preparation process is stakeholder consultation. In order to effectively capture the needs and priorities of the stakeholders, a THREE STAGE consultation process was adopted. Table 1 shows the stages and the stakeholder groups consulted.

Table 1: Stages of Stakeholder Consultations Stage Consultation Mechanism Stakeholders

Stage 1: March – May 2006

Project Identification & Vision Formulation

Focus Group Discussions Meetings Perception Surveys

Government organizations Elected representatives (Councilors of AMC) Ward committee members Slum Dwellers Non Governmental Organizations Resource Persons of City

Stage 2: May 15, 2006 Presentation of CDP

Stakeholders’ Workshop

Government organizations Elected representatives (Councilors of AMC) Line Agencies State Nodal Agency

Stage 3:June 2, 2006

Finalization of CDP Meeting State Level Steering Committee

B. The Status - City SWOT

A city level “strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats” (SWOT) analysis has been done based on an assessment of the status of various urban infrastructure sectors of Agartala. These are discussed in detail in the subsequent sections.

Government of Tripura 1 Urban Development Department

1 Government of India in its latest budget announcement has launched an ambitious program for long-neglected cities, to improve their poor infrastructure and quality of life that falls far short of global benchmarks. The scheme called the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) could get a boost with an outlay of Rs 100,000 crores. The scheme will cover about 60 cities over a period of seven years starting from 2005-06. Apart from seven mega-cities, the mission will cover around 30 others with a population of over one million, while the rest are important urban centres with crumbling infrastructure and sizeable population. The smaller cities are covered under the Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT).



B.1. Strengths

Agartala is the capital city of Tripura. Being the seat of administrative power, it is the center of administrative, economic and political activities. The city has several strengths. These have been outlined in Table 2. The strengths related to the sectors include location and regional linkage, tourism, trade and commerce, traditional arts and crafts and state reforms.

Table 2: City Strengths Sectors Strengths

Location & Linkages

• Being the capital of the state, Agartala is the main administrative, center of Tripura.

• National Highway 44 connects Agartala to Assam and rest of India by road.

• Agartala is also connected by air • National highway 44 has been extended to south, thus improving

the road connectivity between Agartala & south Tripura.

Trade & Commerce

• Locally made handicrafts of bamboo products • Border trade with Bangladesh • Increasing import export activity • Tourism • Fruit and horticulture industry. • Handloom and textiles

Traditional Arts & Crafts • Strong traditional art & craft production.

State Reforms • Presence of a number of development bodies & NGOs • Implementation of 74 CAA in true spirit

Others • Rich History and Cultural Heritage • Rich in natural resource base

B.2. Weaknesses

The major areas of weaknesses for the city include infrastructure, urban growth, conservation, environment, slums, and institutional capacity. The details of these sectors for each of these sectors have been given Table 3. These weaknesses need to be worked on for the city.

Table 3: City Weakness Sectors Weaknesses

Infrastructure

• Poor and inadequate infrastructure • Road Encroachment, Poor Traffic Management & Inadequate

public transportation • Very poor drainage system • Poor solid waste management • Inadequate public conveniences

Urban Growth

• Haphazard unregulated growth of the city • High population density within AMC area • Lack of mechanisms for enforcement of development controls

and byelaws.

Trade and Commerce

• Poor industrial infrastructure • Limited scope for economic development. • Lack of business capital in the community/regional financial

institutions;

Conservation • Lack of awareness among the people towards heritage

conservation • No initiatives from the government for conservation and

maintenance of the places of historic importance

Environment • Vulnerability due to poor drainage • Poor infrastructure and living condition

Slums • Increasing levels of poverty & inadequate coverage of poverty alleviation programs



Sectors Weaknesses • Poor infrastructure facilities

Institutional capacity • Lack of skilled human resources in AMC.

B.3. Opportunities

The city has several aspects that are potential opportunities for the city. The main opportunities are in the areas of economic growth, proposed projects, state urban reforms and heritage. These have been detailed in Table 4.

Table 4: City Opportunities Sectors Opportunities

Economic competitiveness

• Attracts many potential developers in the economic & industrial sectors

• Border Trade • Vibrant Tourism

Proposed Projects

• Improve infrastructure facilities-Water supply, Drainage, Transportation, Sanitation,

• Improve Quality of life • Re- structure taxes of AMC

State urban reforms • Enforce Building By laws and other related development laws • Focus on provision of basic services to the poor

Heritage • Rich heritage-Palace complex & Water bodies attracting

tourists. • Local crafts - great opportunity for attracting businesses &

shoppers

B.4. Threats

The threats are primarily the existing weakness, which if not addressed adequately might pose as threats for development of the city in the future. These are detailed out in Table 5.

Table 5: City Threats Sectors Threats

Infrastructure

• High Population Growth- Increase in pressure on infrastructure in the Greater Agartala Planning Area.

• Absence of sewerage network - unhealthy living • Poor infrastructure which is a threat to ensuring good quality of

life

Institutional and fiscal reforms

• Inadequate capacity building results in non-implementation of reforms

• Inadequate Fiscal reforms for carrying out projects & provision of infrastructure in a sustainable manner

• Lack of efficient marketing of city & state highlighting its USPs

Slums • Increasing no of unidentified slums in and around the city. • Infrastructure provision in the slums are inadequate leading to

poor living conditions Others • Illegal immigrants from Bangladesh

C. STAKEHOLDERS’ CONCERNS & PRIORITIZATION

C.1. Prioritisation of Issues by Communities

Prioritization responses were given for the entire infrastructure issues based on the consultations held with the stakeholders. Table 6 shows that Sewerage issues have got maximum responses and top priority. Water supply is the infrastructure issues that need to be addressed in terms of quality, quantity and frequency of supply.



Water supply and road sector has got the second most responses for interventions needed after sewerage sector. However in terms of ranking it has been accorded second and third place

The quality of the present service delivery and significance of the service can be adjudged from the prioritization of issues and the responses accorded to each sector by the stakeholders. Table 6 and 7 lists the priority ranking accorded during consultations

Table 6: Priority Ranking given to Infrastructure Issues Priority Ranking Sector

1 2 3 4 5 6 No. of

responses Water Supply 2 4 1 1 8 Sewerage 4 1 3 1 9 Drainage 2 4 1 2 7 Roads 1 1 3 3 8 SWM 1 2 2 5

Table 7: Final Weighted Scores and final ranking

Priority Ranking Sector 1 2 3 4 5 6

No. of responses

Water Supply 133.33 222.22 44.44 33.33 0.00 11.11 2 Sewerage 266.67 55.56 133.33 0.00 22.22 0.00 1 Drainage 133.33 222.22 44.44 66.67 0.00 0.00 2 Roads 66.67 55.56 133.33 100.00 0.00 11.11 4 SWM 0.00 0.00 44.44 66.67 44.44 44.44 5

Based on the final scores, the overall priority ranking from the consultations is:

• Sewerage • Water supply and Drainage. • Transportation. • Solid Waste Management.

C.2 Priorities of Issues by Elected Councilors of AMC

Similar to the prioritisation of issues by the communities, the prioritisation of issues was obtained from elected councillors of the AMC. The prioritisation reveals that sewerage is the main concern followed by drainage & embankment protection of river Haora & Kathakal, water supply and transportation.

D. SHARED CITY VISION & SECTOR GOALS

D.1. Vision Statements Emerging From Consultations

Making Agartala ‘gateway to North East India, eco-friendly, green city and environmentally sustainable where people want to live, visit and invest’ through:

• Provision of basic infrastructure and urban services for all, towards achieving improved quality of life by 2021;

• Develop all the water bodies and increase the green coverage of Agartala. • Improve educational achievements for all the citizens. • Alleviate poverty and improve living conditions and health.

This was the collective vision that the various stakeholders, the elected representatives, the communities etc had for the city of Agartala. The improved



quality of life also meant the protection of the city residents from the imminent threats due to the vulnerability to recurrent floods. The consultations clearly indicate that any major infrastructure investments in the city shall be sustained only after the safety of the city is ensured, through appropriate protection measures.

D.2. Sector Vision

A targeted approach has been worked out to achieve the vision objectives through setting goals for the development of each of the sectors. The Table 8 provides a vision for each of the sectors.

Table 8: Sector Wise Visions Sector Vision

Water Supply • To ensure access to drinking and safe water supply to all.

Sewerage and Sanitation

• Towards coverage of the densely populated pockets of the city with an underground sewerage system and promote environmentally safe sanitation practices for treatment of wastewater.

Solid Waste Management • To achieve environmentally sustainable waste management practices.

Roads and transportation

• To improve operational efficiencies of the present network, develop new roads for decongestion of the city core and development of a core road network to facilitate development in the northern part of the city.

Urban Environment • To promote a healthy, clean environment with

emphasis on creation of a safe and livable city, with adequate provisions of recreation and green spaces.

Slum Development and Poverty Alleviation • To provide access to housing and basic infrastructure.

City Economic Development • To create diversified economic base.

Urban Growth and Land Management • To achieve a coherent urban form with

adequate open and green space, high standards of infrastructure and effective land management.

Urban Governance and Institutional Development

• To promote a city managed with pro-active institutions and capable staff.

Urban Finance • To achieve a city that is a model for urban finance management.

In order to have a defined target for the achievement of the vision and goals, a time frame has been fixed. It is targeted that 80% people would be covered by drainage & flood control, SWM and roads by the year 2011. Water supply and Sewerage has been targeted for 90% and 60% coverage by the year 2011. By 2021, a 100% target has been set for the all the sectors.



0 20 40 60 80 100

Roads & Transportation

Water Supply

Drainage & f loodCcontrol

Solid Waste Management

Sew erage

Existing proposed coverage (increase)2011

proposed coverage (increase)2021

Figure 1: Targets for Sectoral Goals

D.3. Sector Goals and Strategies

The vision for each of the sectors, their development strategies with respect to their issues have been detailed out (Table 9). The strategies aim at giving shape to the envisioned goals for the city.

Table 9: Sector Goals And Strategies Vision Existing Issues Strategies

Water Supply: To ensure access to assured and safe drinking and water to all.

• Non utilisation of optimum capacity of the water treatment plant;

• Underproduction from ground water;

• High iron content in ground water.

• High operation and maintenance cost.

• High amount of unaccounted for water (UFW), presently about 35% of production

• Severely deteriorated distribution system, particularly in the older parts of the city.

• Water Resource Management • Extension of water Supply

services to uncovered areas. • Cost Recovery Mechanism • Efficiency in Operation and

Maintenance- Replacement of old machinery and network systems.

• Capacity building of staff. • Reduce Transmission and

Distribution Losses. • Efficiency in Service Delivery • Streamlining institutional

responsibilities.

Sewerage and Sanitation: To promote safe and environmentally friendly city by ensuring effective treatment and disposal of wastewater and to eradicate open defecation.

• Absence of sewerage system,

• Direct disposal of sewage and effluent into drains and open spaces,

• Open defecation widespread. • Lack of enclosed bathing

spaces in the slums and low-income areas.

• Provision of underground sewerage system

• Provision of household sewer connection

• Provision of public toilets to prevent open defecation.

Solid Waste Management: To achieve environmentally sustainable waste management practice

• Waste collection limited to selected area.

• Inefficient waste collection and transportation.

• No segregation of waste at source.

• Initiate house to house waste collection with source segregation;

• Provide mechanized storage bins;

• Regular maintenance of the



Vision Existing Issues Strategies management practice.

• Waste Disposal not as per Solid Waste Handling Rules 2000.

• Lack of awareness on hygiene practices.

container bins; • SWM coverage areas to be

increased • Adopt segregation of biomedical

waste with MSW. • Refuse vehicles shall be covered

to reduce waste spillage during transportation.

• Provide bio-gas compost plant Drainage: • Absence of proper drainage

system. • Most of the drains unlined

and choked with silt and solid waste.

• Water logging and flooding common during rainy season.

• Construction of lined drains along roads.

• Construction of embankments along Katakhal River and Haora River

• Rising of embankments along Katakhal River.

Transportation: To achieve a transport facility system that is Adequate, Safe, Comfortable, and Equitable and is Efficient and Sustainable.

• Encroachments by vehicles • Low operating speeds. • Congestion in the city. • Inadequate parking space. • Improper traffic

management • Poor public transportation

system • Lack of pedestrian facilities • Inadequate road capacity

• Capacity Building of existing public transport system

• Development of new bypass roads as arterials to decongest the city

• Development of an efficient road network in the northern & southern part of the city to attract development

• Involvement of private players • Road & Junction improvements • Identification of designated

parking areas • Develop traffic management

system. • Efficient Public Transport system • Promoting Safe Pedestrian

Movement. Slum Upgradation: To provide access to housing and basic infrastructure

• Lack of basic urban infrastructure within the slums.

• Most of the slum population engaged in low return income generating activities.

• Coverage in terms of target population and target areas of the slum upgradation and poverty alleviation programs insufficient.

• Lack of awareness among the people about poverty alleviation programmes.

• Provision of Basic Services to Urban Poor.

• Providing opportunities for Income Generation.

• Improvement in Housing Condition

• Slum Upgradation and Improvement

Urban Environment: To promote a sustainable and congestion free urban environment with emphasis on safe and livable city for present and future generations.

• Congestion & poor infrastructure.

• Contamination of water • Absence of sewerage

network leading to drains acting as the conduits of sewage disposal.

• Indiscriminate dumping of garbage and solid waste into drains and open spaces.

• Absence of parks and open recreation spaces.

• Identify and develop norms for ecologically fragile zones.

• Reduce pollution • Develop parks and water bodies • Conservation of architectural

buildings

City Economic Development:

• Increasing marginalisation & casualisation of labour.

• High & rising levels of

• Integrated tourism development plan

• Create organized commercial



Vision Existing Issues Strategies To create a vibrant city with diversified economic base.

unemployment • Low levels of industrial

development. • No organized commercial

spaces for retail markets • Inadequate tourism

infrastructure

space for retail and wholesale markets

Urban Growth and Land Management: To achieve a coherent urban form with adequate open & green space, high standards of infrastructure and effective land management

• Severe congestion in the core area specially the old municipality area with high density of population.

• Unplanned growth of the city without any landuse controls.

• Lack of development controls especially in the flood prone and low lying areas.

• Introduction of appropriate land Management Practices.

• Implementation of land use plans.

• Preparation of land suitability assessment for the city.

Urban Governance and Institutional Development: To promote a city managed with pro-active institutions and capable staff.

• Lack of accountability and transparency in functioning of AMC

• Poor data base and information management

• No implementation of bye laws

• Training to enhance capacity building.

• Collective action especially in programmes for solid waste management, water resource management, and slum Upgradation.

• People’s Participation in Governance

F. CITY INVESTMENT NEEDS

F.1 Capital Investment Needs

The summary of sector-wise investment requirements are as in Table 10. The total investment required would be Rs. 1518.36 Crores for Urban Infrastructure and Governance Sub-Mission, and another INR 77.66 Crores for the Basic services for the urban poor Sub-Mission.

Table 10: Estimated Investment requirements under JNNURM (Rs Lakhs) Project Components INVESTMENT NEEDS @

2006 prices (Rs lakhs) A Sub Mission 1-Urban Infrastructure and Governance 1 Water Supply 13338.24 2 Sewerage & Sanitation 27861.95 3 Storm Water Drainage 6183.68 4 River Embankment 3214.44 5 Solid Waste Management 379.35 6 Traffic and Transportation (Road Improvement,

Intersection improvement, Flyovers, Parking, Terminals) 40758.46

7 Street Lighting 4680.00 8 Parks & Development of playgrounds 1791.63 9 Construction of Indoor Stadium & Stadium 8106.00 10 Other Enabling Development Projects 40686.25 11 Preservation of water bodies 700.00 12 Heritage and conservation 1136.96 13 Urban Governance & Capacity Building 3000.00 Sub Total 151836.95

B Sub Mission 2: Basic services to the poor 1 Slum area Improvements (42 nos slums) & Slum Housing 7766.88 C Total Investment needs 159603.89



The shares of different sectors of the total JNNURM investment are as shown in Figure 2. It shows that over 27% of the investment would be going towards traffic and transportation and street lighting sector, followed by sewerage and sanitation, drainage, water supply as the other major sectors.

8%

17%

4%

2%

0%27%3%1%

5%

25%

2% 5%0%1%

Water Supply Sewerage & SanitationDraingae River EmbankmentSWM T & TStreet Lighting Parks & Development of playgroundsStadium Other Enabling Development ProjectsPreservation of water bodies Heritage and conservationCapacity Building Slums

Figure 2: Distribution of the Estimated Investment Among The Sectors

F.2. The Financing Strategies

Toolkit – 1 of the JNNURM process explains the funding pattern and sanction and disbursement of the assistance2. With the population size of 3.68 lakhs Agartala Municipal Council Area comes under category C for the purpose of funding. Accordingly, for the purpose of Sub-Mission on Urban Infrastructure and Governance projects, Agartala is eligible for a grant covering 90 percent of the cost from the Central government and the remaining 10 percent to be raised by the Tripura government, from either own sources or from borrowings. As regards the Sub-Mission for basic services for urban poor, 90 percent of the cost will be from the Central government and the remaining 10 percent needs to be raised by the State government.

Given the total requirement, the funding pattern of the new investment for Agartala city could be as in Table 11. The total share of the Central government would be INR 1436.43 Crores, while that of the State government of Tripura would be INR 159.60 Crores.

2 Government of India, Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission – Toolkit -1 Framework and Process.



Table 11: Funding Pattern of the new investment for Agartala City - Contribution by different levels of government (Rs Lakhs)

Sector Total Investment

Needs (2006 prices)

Central Govt. (JNNURM Funding)

(90%)

State Govt. Share (10%)

Sub Mission 1: Urban Infrastructure and Governance Water Supply 13338.24 12004.42 1333.82 Sewerage and Sanitation 27861.95 25075.76 2786.19 Storm water drainage & River Embankment 9398.12 8458.31 939.81

Solid Waste Management 379.35 341.42 37.93 Traffic and Transportation (Road Improvement, Intersection improvement, Flyovers, Parking, Terminals)

40758.46 36682.61 4075.85

Street Lighting 4680.00 4212.00 468.00 Parks & Development of playgrounds 1791.63 1612.47 179.16

Construction of Indoor Stadium & Stadium 8106.00 7295.40 810.60

Other Enabling Development Projects 40686.25 36617.63 4068.63

Preservation of water bodies 700.00 630.00 70.00 Heritage Conservation 1136.96 1023.26 113.70 Urban governance and capacity building

3000.00 2700.00 300.00

Sub Total 151836.96 136653.28 15183.69 Sub Mission 2: Basic Services for Urban Poor Slum Development and Housing 7766.88 6990.19 776.69 Total 159603.84 143643.47 15960.38

The share of investment needs by various institutions would be as given in Table 12.

Table 12: Funding Pattern by Institution for Agartala City (Rs. Lakhs)

Sl No Sector

Total Investment

Needs (2006 prices)


(90%)

AMC UDD PHED PWD TSEB

Sub Mission 1: Urban Infrastructure and Governance 1 Water Supply 13338.24 12004.42 12004.42

2 Sewerage and Sanitation 27861.95 25075.76 25075.76

3 Storm water drainage & River Embankment 9398.12 8458.31 8458.31

4 Solid Waste Management 379.35 341.42 341.42

5

Traffic and Transportation (Road Improvement, Intersection improvement, Flyovers, Parking, Terminals)

40758.46 36682.61 36682.61

6 Street Lighting 4680.00 4212.00 4212.00

7 Parks & Development of playgrounds 1791.63 1612.47 1612.47

8 Construction of Indoor Stadium & Stadium 8106.00 7295.40 7295.40



Sl No Sector

Total Investment

Needs (2006 prices)


(90%)


Sub Mission 1: Urban Infrastructure and Governance

9 Other Enabling Development Projects 40686.25 36617.63 36617.63

10 Preservation of water bodies 700.00 630.00 630.00

11 Heritage Conservation 1136.96 1023.26 1023.26

12 Urban governance and capacity building 3000.00 2700.00 2700.00

Sub Total 151836.96 136653.28 50220.18 8458.31 37080.18 36682.61 4212.00 Sub Mission 2: Basic Services for Urban Poor

1 Slum Development and Housing 7766.88 6990.19 6990.19

Total 159603.84 143643.47 57210.37 8458.31 37080.18 36682.61 4212.00 16 (% By institution) 100 39.8 5.9 25.8 25.5 2.9

Table 13: Funding Pattern by Institution for Agartala City (Rs. Lakhs)

Institution Base Cost (2006 prices) 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

AMC 63,567.06 9,190.59 12,152.12 19,165.78 12,289.88 12,724.83 5,773.20 UDD 9,398.12 0.00 2,467.01 2,590.36 2,719.88 2,855.87 0.00

PHED 41,200.19 4,282.84 8,738.14 10,263.17 10,730.03 8,813.03 3,531.23 PWD 40,758.46 253.50 9,259.19 11,161.19 11,677.87 12,170.60 1,866.68 TSEB 4,680.00 0.00 0.00 1,289.93 1,354.42 1,422.14 1,493.25 Total 159,603.83 13,726.93 32,616.45 44,470.43 38,772.07 37,986.47 12,664.37

11... IIInnntttrrroooddduuuccctttiiiooonnn 11.1. BACKGROUND

The City Development Plan (CDP) for Agartala city is initiated by Government of Tripura under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM), a scheme1 of Government of India.

The objective of the JNNURM scheme is to improve the economic and physical infrastructure for the rapidly increasing urban population and also to provide essential facilities and services across the fast growing cities using public private partnership. The projects that qualify under this scheme include sub-sectors of water supply, sewerage and sanitation, drainage, solid waste management, roads and street lighting, energy and housing. Further, special projects including urban transit systems, urban expressways and sea-links would also covered under this scheme.

The mission also suggests a set of reforms to be undertaken by states in the following areas: stamp duty, rent control and repeal of urban land ceiling. The mission would also require commitments of the states on issues such as regulatory framework for civic amenities, accountability standards and e-governance projects for land records, property tax and issue of automobile licenses, and so forth.

The preparation of CDP is the pre-requisite to obtain funding under JNNURM. The objective of the CDP is to identify infrastructure projects to be implemented under this scheme along with the proposed implementation mechanism including the Private Sector Participation (PSP) strategy. The CDP would also focus on urban reforms to be implemented to improve the health of ailing urban local bodies.

The CDP is both a planning process and a product which promotes partnership among the various stakeholders in a city- the city government, the private business sector, civil society, academic, and national government agencies- to jointly analyze growth issues, develop a vision for the future, formulate development strategies, design programmes, prioritize projects, mobilize resources, implement, monitor and evaluate implementation.

Government of Tripura 1-1 Urban Development Department

1 Government of India in its latest budget announcement has launched an ambitious program for long-neglected cities, to improve their poor infrastructure and quality of life that falls far short of global benchmarks. The scheme called the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) could get a boost with an outlay of Rs 100,000 crores. The scheme will cover about 60 cities over a period of seven years starting from 2005-06. Apart from seven mega-cities, the mission will cover around 30 others with a population of over one million, while the rest are important urban centres with crumbling infrastructure and sizeable population. The smaller cities are covered under the Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT).



1.1.1. General Principles of CDP

The CDP is anchored on the following principles of a sustainable city (Figure 1-1):

a) Livability - what can be done to ensure a healthy and dignified standard of living for the city's residents?

The livability of a city is related to many factors in the living environment or quality of life for the residents. In fact, the living environment has multiple dimensions, which can be observed in terms of: 1) basic urban services, 2) healthful environment, 3) safe environment, 4) poverty, 5) housing, and 6) amenity and culture.

It is the main responsibility of a local government to provide the basic urban services, including water, electricity, solid waste collection, education, social welfare, and mobility. These services should be provided for all the residents in urban areas in order to maintain a minimum living standard.

Figure 1-1: Principles Of City Development Plan

b) Competitiveness - how can the cities be more competitive in the global economy?

The competitiveness of a city is the criteria whereby we can understand the conditions of urban productivity and economic structure of the city compared to other cities and other countries. In other words, competitiveness is the criteria to indicate how attractive cities are to potential investors in a global economy. Competitiveness can be observed in terms of 1) the structure of economic productivity, 2) diversified human resource, 3) accessibility to advanced technology, 4) accessibility to market, and 5) sound business environment.

c) Bankability - how can the cities be more sustainable? How can public-private partnerships be promoted and/or enhanced?

Bankability is the criteria for understanding a city’s capacity for finance and fiscal management. The bankability of a city can be observed in terms of: (1) effectiveness and healthiness of financial management, (2) inter-governmental financial relation, and (3) creditworthiness.

d) Good Governance - how can a city's management be improved? How can accountability, integrity and transparency be made an integral part of a city's management?

The governance of a city is the capacity of the local government in management and administration. In this respect, the World Bank made a clear definition that “good governance implies inclusion and representation of all groups in the urban society, as well as accountability, integrity and transparency of local government actions, to define and pursue shared goals.” That is, governance is not only a state of a government but also a process of government actions. The governance


3. What do we need to address on priority basis?


of a city can be observed in terms of four aspects: (1) structure and effectiveness of service delivery, (2) autonomy of local government, (3) inter-governmental coordination, and (4) transparency of local government.

Thus, the objectives of the CDP are to:

• Guide the city direction for economic development with the aim of creating more employment opportunities;

• Develop a consensus building process to establish the city's priority, strategies and actions; • Assist local authorities outline their financing and investment strategies; and, Build local

capacity for more effective urban management.

The goals of a City Development Plan include a collective city vision and action plan aimed at improving urban governance and management, increasing investment to expand employment and services, and systematic and sustained reductions in urban poverty.

1.2. CITY DEVELOPMENT PLANNING PROCESS

A City Development Plan2 is a perspective of and a vision for the future development of a city. Essentially, it addresses following questions:

1. Where are we now? 2. Where do we want to go?

4. What interventions do we make in order to attain the vision?

The framework for preparing CDP as outlined in JNNURM toolkit is presented Figure 1-2. The key aspect of preparation of CDP is that of involving community in decision making process. The CDP preparation for Agartala has been based on an elaborate consultative process

Multi-

stakeholder Consultations

The City Assessment

Opportunities, strengths, risks, and weakness

Unmet demand/gap

Future Perspective and Vision

Direction of change and expectations

Strategies for Development

Link with Reform Agenda

Criteria for prioritisation

Options and Strategies

Parameters • Demography • Economic

base • Financial • Physical and

environment • Infrastructure • Institutions • Universalisati

on of services especially to the urban poor

City Investment Plan & Financial Alternatives

Multistage Exercise

Sectors/Components• Environment

al services • Social

infrastructure • Urban

renewal • Slum

improvement and housing for EWS

• Transport and roads

• Services to the urban poor

Figure 1-2: City Development Planning Process

2 GoI, JNNURM Toolkit


Government of Tripura 1-4 U

1.2.1. CONSULTATIONS

The aim of conducting consultations is to articulate stakeholders’ expectations so as to be able to formulate city development vision; prioritize city development issues; strategy / action consensus and choice of strategy options. The methodology for consultation included following sequential tasks:

• Identification of stakeholders; • Conducting consultations; • Documentation and recording of consultations; and • Integrating consultation findings into project related decision-making.

Accordingly, consultations were carried out across a wide section of society. Table 1-1 presents details of the consultation program held during preparation of CDP Agartala.

To get the overall picture of the infrastructure statstakeholders profile were consulted. The consultation ptarget stakeholders at varied levels. Two core groupidentified. A total of 21 consultations were conducted:

• Primary stakeholders such as the community, gender Organizations (NGOs), those directly affected (positively o

• Secondary stakeholders: the secondary stakeholders apolicy makers. Secondary stakeholders have been cotechnical and financial aspects related to the project suchthe projects, identification and viability of sub projects,Consultations have been in the form of workshopresentations and site visits. They include elected represGovt. Officials (Urban Administrative Departments).

Table 1-1: Details of consultation Pr

S. No Stake holder profile 1 Elected Representatives 2 Government Departments 3 FGD with community 4 Gender and women groups 5 NGOs

Total

1.2.2. Stakeholder Consultation Workshop

As part of the consultation program and in continuatiocarried out across the city, a stakeholder workshop wa2006, to arrive at a consensus on the key issues identifconsultation process and to firm up the optional strateservice delivery and financial issues.

rban Development Departme

us in Agartala different rocess was formulated to s of stakeholders were

groups, Non-Governmental r negatively) by it. re the decision makers and nsulted especially on the as approach, designing of

suitability of methods etc. ps, interviews, meetings, entatives of People and the

ogram No of consultations

3 4 7 4 3 21

n to consultations being s organized on 15th May ied during the first step of gies towards an efficient

nt



The daylong workshop was conducted on 15th May 2006 at conference hall, Agartala secretariat building, Agartala. Over 25 participants attended the workshop. The consultation outcome and project priorities as identified by the participants are given in Chapter 13. The workshop was divided into two sessions. The first session was a technical session that included presentations on the approach adopted for the City Development Plan preparation, stakeholder’s consultations, the priorities and vision of the stakeholders as well as the projects identified by the stakeholders in the various sectors. The second session was an interaction session wherein all participants gave their reactions to the presentations and discussed to arrive at a consensus on a vision for the city and priorities for development.

Based on priority ranking issued by various stakeholder groups an overall priority ranking was worked out for the city. In all, transportation has been accorded topmost priority as far as improvement in urban services and infrastructure is concerned. Improvement in sewerage and sanitation follows with 2nd rank. Improvement in water supply figures third among the interventions needed. Drainage finds fourth mention for improvement followed by SWM and urban environment.

1.3. VISION STATEMENTS EMERGING FROM CONSULTATIONS

Making Agartala City, gateway to North East India and Green & Eco-friendly city by 2021 through:

• Provision of basic infrastructure and urban services for all, towards achieving safer living conditions and an improved quality of life;

This was the collective vision that the various stakeholders, the elected representatives, the communities etc had for the city of Agartala. The improved



quality of life also meant the protection of the city residents from the imminent threats due to the vulnerability to recurrent floods. The consultations clearly indicate that any major infrastructure investments in the city shall be sustained only after the safety of the city is ensured, through appropriate measures.

It is perceived by the stakeholder groups that implementation of these visions shall be instrumental in sustained growth and development of the city through (i) a strong and sustainable economic growth and employment, (ii) reducing levels of poverty and increasing personal and household incomes and (iii) Improving levels of environmental quality and sustainability

1.4. STRUCTURE OF THE FINAL REPORT

The Report has been structured in sixteen chapters. These are listed as under:

• City Location and regional context • Social and Demographic Profile • Urban Growth Management • City Economic Profile • Urban Poor and Slums • Urban Services • Environmental Status • Urban Finance • Urban Governance and Institutional Framework • Stakeholder Consultations • City SWOT Assessment • Prioritization of Issues • Vision Agartala • Projects and Capital Investment Plan • Financial Operating Plan

22... CCCiiittyyy LLLooocccaaatttiiiooonnn &&& RRReeegggiiiooonnnaaalll CCCooonnnttteeexxxttt 2 t2.1. ORIGIN AND HISTORY

The Municipal Administration in Agartala was established in 1874 A.D and the city became a planned city by the then Maharaja Bir Bikra Manikya Bahadur in 1940s. This erstwhile Princely State Capital of Tripura merged with India on 15th October 1949. The city has become the nerve center of all political, administrative, cultural and commercial activities of the state.

2.2. LOCATION OF THE CITY

Agartala, the capital of Tripura, is situated along 23° 45’- 23° 55’ N latitude and 91°15’- 91°20’ E longitude, in the flood plains of the Haora River. Historically, the city has been an important border-trading town with trading linkages with Bangladesh. The National Highway (NH)-44 connects Agartala with Silchar, Guwahati and other towns of Assam. Agartala is connected by air links to rest of the country. The construction of a meter gauge railway line from Assam is also in progress.

2.3. CLIMATE

The climate of Agartala is of tropical monsoon type. The average annual rainfall is around 220 centimeters (cm). The average no of rainy days is 100 days. The temperature varies from 4.2°c to 37.6° on the average. The winter period is from November to February, summer is from March to May and monsoon is from June to September. It has a moderate temperature and highly humid atmosphere. Winds, which are of moderate velocity, are from the south-to-south – east direction for most of the time. Average velocity of wind varies from 4 km to 9 km per hour.

2.4. TOPOGRAPHY

The city of Agartala has an altitude of 12.8 metres. The erstwhile AMC area, the central portion of the city is located in an area lower than the surroundings. The central portion of the city is shaped like a saucer. The central portion is bounded by the rivers Haora in the south and Katakhal in the north. Due to its saucer shape, the city is vulnerable to recurrent flooding during monsoons. The city is located in seismic zone V.

2.5. REGIONAL SETTINGS

Agartala is located on the major corridors of movement, in the West Tripura District of Tripura. Being a capital city it is a center of all political, administrative, cultural and commercial activities. Agartala is situated on the Assam-Agartala-Sabroom Road (NH-44). The surface communication with the rest of the country is only by NH-44, which connects Agartala with Silchar, Guwahati and other towns of Assam. Some major district roads also connect Agartala with other parts of the State.




At present Agartala does not come on the Railway Map of India. However, there is a proposal to connect Agartala with Kumarghat, which is expected to get completed by 2006. The proposed railway station for Agartala will be located at Dukli in South Zone. This railway station will cater the needs of city as well as the surrounding areas. Figure 2-1 gives an illustration of Agartala’s regional road linkages.

Figure 2-1: Agartala – Regional linkages

2.6. HISTORY AND CULTURE

The city has a historical back ground. The ancient capital of the then princely State ‘Swadhin Tripura’ was at Rangamati (Udaipur, South Tripura) by the bank of the river Gomti and in 1760 A.D., It was shifted by the Maharaja Krishna Manikya to the site of old Agartala by the bank of river Haora and was named ‘Haveli’. The Capital city of Agartala was founded in1838 AD by Maharaja Krishna Kishore Manikya (1830-49 A.D.).


2.7. EVOLUTION OF AGARTALA CITY

Pre-independence /Princely Regime

1838: Maharaja Krishna Kishore Manikya set up the ‘Old Haveli’ at the other side of the river Howrah .The area used to be identified upto Kunjaban tilla at the north Jagaharimura and Rashman tilla to the south,the British India at the west and the river Howrah at the east. Due to frequent invasion of the Kukis and also to keep easy communication with the British Bengal, the Maharaja started the process of shifting of the Capital from Old Haveli to New Haveli (present Agartala) in the year 1849 A.D.

The next Maharaja Iswar Chandra Manikya on assuming throne on 1st February 1850 A.D constructed a Palace thereon. 1862: Bir Chandra Manikya started the urbanisation of the New Haveli (Agartala)

1871: The Agartala Municipality was established within area of 3 sq. miles having population 875 only by a royal proclamation. Mr. A.W.S. Power, the 1st British Political Agent for Tipperch was appointed as the Chairman of the Agartala Municipality in the year 1872 A.D. As suggested by the 2nd Political Agent Capt.


Source: Rabin Sengupta

Figure 2-2: View of Agartala City during early 20th Century.

Agartala is inhabited mainly by Bengali communities along with 19 scheduled tribes of Tripura. Bengali and Tripuri are the state's official languages. The other important language is Manipuri. Hinduism is the religion of most of the people. There are also small minorities of Muslims, Buddhists, and Christians The tribals, with a rich and varied culture, belong mainly to the Reang, Chakma, Halam and Usai communities.



W.L. Samwell, Maharaja becomes the President of the Municipal Committee. And on behalf of the Maharaja Bir Chandra manikya, Prince Radhakishore took an active role in supervising the Municipal works.

1874: Municipal regulations were introduced with provision of taxation. The main source of income was from water tax levied on tanks and water bodies, realised fine amount of judiciary and state grant. The main task was to look after the development and maintenance of roads /paths.,drainage, bridges and markets and sanitation. During the period, the Akhaura Khal was excavated for drainage.

1897: Maharaja Radha Kishore Manikya re-organised the entire administration and the officer-in-charge of the Political Department was entrusted with the Municipal affairs. During the period,. The work of Census, birth and death registration, regular sweeping and cleaning of roads and drains used to be made. 1900: The street- lighting was started with kerosene Harrikane lamp. The present Ujjayanta Place was inaugurated on 1901 A.D. after construction for a period of 2 year 6 month by M/S. Martin and Co.

1912-13: The Municipal Act was revised.

1917: Haora river on the eastern side was diverted towards south of Rashman tilla and Jagaharimura and the construction of bundh by the side of river Haora started. The town area was also extended towards east. During the period from 1913-18, the steel bridge on Haorah named ‘Karmical bridge’ was constructed.

1919-20: New Municipal Committee was formed with 9(nine) nominated members under Chairmanship of the State Physician.

1943: The provision of new committee of 12 members was introduced and for the Ist time, the system of election to the Municipal body started. Out of 12 members, 6 were to be elected by the tax payers and 7 were to be nominated by the Maharaja. The Municipality was also divided into 12 wards. The Deputy Superintendent of Police was entrusted as Chairman of the committee due to special circumstances of Second World War period. The committee continued upto 3rd week of November 1945 A.D.

1945: Further 10 members were nominated to the committee making it to 22, but within a period of 1(one) month, the said committee was also dissolved and the entire Municipal administration was taken under direct control of the State Administration.

Post –independence

1951: The Municipal Committee was further re-organised with 18 Commissioners. The 1st General Municipal election was held on 5th November 1951 for electing 18 members of the municipal committee. Shri Sukhamoy Sengupta and Shri Hem Chandra Dutta were elected as Chairman and Vice-Chairman respectively.

1955 to 1978: Agartala Municipality was under government nominated administrator.

By a notification of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt.of India, the Bengal Municipal Act, 1932 with some modifications, was extended to the Union Territory of Tripura with effect from 15th August 1961.



1978: Agartala Municipality was divided into 10 wards for the purpose of election of commissioners for the municipality by enlarging the municipal area to 10.94 sq.km.

The second general municipal election was held in June 1978, Shri Amal Dasgupta was elected chairman of the 10 members elected municipal board.

The municipality was further extended to an area of 15.81 sq.k.m and was divided in to 13 wards. The 3rd general municipal election was held in July 1983.

1988 to 1996: The municipality was placed under government nominated administrator.

26 October 1994: The Tripura Municipal Act.1994 was passed as per 74th amendment of the Constitution of India, The 4th general Municipal election was held in December, 1995, and municipal council of 17 elected members and 3 nominated members was formed.

After the 5th general municipal election held in the month of December 2000 another municipal council with 17 elected members and 3 nominated members came to power. The municipal area was 16.012 sq. k.m. with population of 1,89,998 as per 2001 census.

2004: The Agartala Municipal Council has further been extended from 16.012 sq km to 62.02 sq km in 2004 with a population of 368493 persons. The total GAPA area comprises of 92 sq km.

33... SSSoooccciiiaaalll &&& DDDeeemmmooogggrrraaappphhhiiiccc PPPrrrooofffiiillleee 33.1. POPULATION GROWTH TRENDS

The population trend shows that the city core, i.e. the erstwhile AMC is densely populated where 17% of the geographical area supports 50% of the population of GAPA as shown in Table 3-1. However, the overall density of population shows an increasing trend in the newly added areas outside the erstwhile AMC.

3.1.1. Greater Agartala Planning Area

Greater Agartala Planning Area (GAPA) has a total area of 92.0 sq. km. It comprises the erstwhile Agartala Municipal Council (AMC) area, the area newly extended in 2004 and a number of villages (Table 3-1 and Figure 3-1). The total estimated population of GAPA as per 2001 census is 379893. GAPA population accounts for 69% of Tripura’s total urban population indicating the prominence of the city. The population distribution within GAPA is not uniform.

Table 3-1: GAPA- Constituent Area, 2001 Geographical Area (Ha) Population

Constituent Area Area % Population %

Erstwhile AMC 1594.6 17 189998 50

Newly Added Extended Area of AMC 4658.0 51 178495 46.9

Rest of GAPA 2941.0 32 11400 3.1

Total Planning Area (GAPA) 9200.0 100.0 379893 100.0 Source: Census of India, Government of India, 2001




Figure 3-1: Constituent Areas within GAPA

3.1.2. Agartala Municipal Area

The AMC area limit has also undergone a number of revisions in the past as is evident from Table 3-2. Agartala had a total area of 3 sq. km with a total population of only 875 in 1871 AD up to 1901. The Agartala Municipal Council1 up

1 The AMC was set up as per the Tripura Municipal Act, 1994 with effect from 26 October, 1994.



to 2003 had an area of 16.02 sq. km (herein after referred to as erstwhile AMC) as per the Tripura Municipal Act, 1994 with effect from 26 October 1994. In 2004, the area of erstwhile AMC has been expanded from 16.02 sq. km. to 62.60 sq. km by notifying 25 more surrounding villages2.

Table 3-2: Agartala Municipal Council Area (AMC Area) Changes in Area, 1901 – 2004

Year Population Area (sq. km) 1901 6415 3.00 1981 132186 10.94 1991 157358 15.81 2001 189998 16.02 20043 368493 (New AMC Area) 62.60

Source: Census of India, 2001

Analysis of the population growth trends over the years shows that the population in the GAPA area is consistent over the years.

00.5

11.5

22.5

3

1971-1981 1981-1991 1991-2001

Within Erstwhile AMC*

Outside Erstwhile AMC**

Greater Agartala Planning Area

Figure 3-2: Growth rate of population, 1971-2001

During 1971-1981 the growth rate was 2.4% per annum and thus has subsequently declined slightly. The rate of urban and rural natural increase of Tripura is only 1.06%, low as compared to the all-India average of 1.69. Such a low rate of natural increase would, however, support the relatively low population growth rates historically observed for GAPA

3.2. POPULATION DENSITY

The population distribution within Planning Area of Agartala had been relatively high in the city core as compared to periphery. The data suggests that with only 17% of the geographical area the core area (erstwhile AMC) occupies over 50% of the population of GAPA. Besides, the New AMC Area with a share of 68% of

2 In 2004 16 Grams of Dukli R.D.Block, 7 Grams of Mohanpur R.D.Block and 2 Grams of Jirania R.D.Block with area of 42.83 sq.k.m. 3 The population figures for the newly added village areas have been taken from 2001 census.



geographical area has 96% of the total population of GAPA (Table 3.3 and Figure 3-3).

Table 3-3: GAPA – Population Density, 1971-01 (Persons/sq. Km.) Years Inside Municipal Limits* Outside Municipal Limits** GAPA

1971 13926 1091 2939

1981 8366 1517 3930

1991 9959 1956 4379

2001 11983 2504 5886

Source: *Census of India, Rural – Urban Distribution of Population, and Provisional Population Totals of Respective States, 2001, ** Greater Agartala Development Plan, 2031.

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

1971 1981 1991 20011.5

2.25

3

Population Density Growth Rate

Figure 3-3: Population Density and Growth Rate of Population, 1971-01



Figure 3-4: GAPA-Population Density, 2001

Table 3-4: GAPA – Population by Constituents, 1991- 2001

Population Area Population Density (ppha) Constituent Area

1991 2001 % Ha. % 1991 2001 Wards

1 6344 11368 88.4 72 129 2 8683 11034 120.8 72 91 3 11441 14729 185.4 62 79 4 8102 9793 104.6 77 94



Population Area Population Density (ppha) Constituent Area

1991 2001 % Ha. % 1991 2001 5 11192 5020 80.9 138 62 6 14002 14636 73.7 190 199 7 9332 57.0 0 164 8 11720 55.1 0 213 9 15627 12790 120.7 129 106 10 15295 10539 44.2 346 238 11 8804 88.4 0 100 12 20927 15070 117.0 179 129 13 8254 11436 88.3 93 130 14 6462 11164 120.7 54 92 15 9753 55.0 0 177 16 20081 10229 57.6 349 178 17 10948 12581 136.8 80 92

Erstwhile AMC 157358 189998 50.0% 1594.6 17% 99 119 Barjala 19617 26875 987.1 20 27 Indranagar 13795 19716 959.9 14 21 Khayerpur 6797 10774 250.9 27 43 Jogendranagar 26990 38586 807.6 33 48 Pratapgargh 13972 29714 394.6 35 75 Badhar ghat 35576 52828 1257.9 28 42 Newly Added Extended Area of AMC 116747 178495 46.9% 4658.0 51% 25 38

Narsingarh 6545 770 177.2 37 4 Singarbi 9160 1279 170.8 54 7 Gandhigram CT 7538 1204 365.1 21 3 Ananda nagar 5168 1125 367.3 14 3 Dukli 15975 1901 336.9 47 6 Charipara 12414 1953 308.6 40 6 Madhupur 7340 1936 731.5 10 3 Madhuban 9632 1232 483.6 20 3 Rest of Greater Agartala 73772 11400 3.1% 2941.0 32% 25 4

GAPA 347877 379893 100% 9200.0 100% 38% 41% Source: Compiled from Census of India data, 1991 and 2001.

3.3. LITERACY AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

The literacy rate in Agartala is the highest among the localities of Tripura. In the sample population People having primary education come to be highest for the marginally poor (MP) section. Almost 40% of the populations have completed high school, and about one fourth of the population have education up to graduation and above. Percentage of graduates and above is high between the MIG and HIG reflecting their ability to avail such education. It is estimated that only 5-10% of the population might be illiterate. (Table 3-5 and Figure 3-5)

Table 3-5: GAPA – Literacy and Education (%) of persons, 2005 Education level

Income Group Up to Class V

Up to Class VIII

Up to class X

Up to class XII

Graduation and Above

Below Poverty Line 26.9 33.7 25.7 8.0 5.6 Marginally Poor 35.3 27.8 26.2 6.0 4.7 Low Income Group 20.2 21.9 31.4 14.3 12.2



Education level Income Group Up to

Class V Up to

Class VIII Up to

class X Up to

class XII Graduation and

Above Middle Income Group 10.6 12.6 30.8 18.8 27.3

High Income Group 7.6 7.9 20.1 16.4 48.0 All 16.6 17.4 28.5 15.1 22.4

Source: Sample Socio-Economic Survey, TA Consultants, 2005. Note: based on Sample Socio-economic survey, income ranges were obtained. Below Poverty Line- Less than INR 1871/month/household; Marginally Poor- INR 1872-2999/month/household; Low income groups- INR 3000-5999; Middle Income Group-INR 6000-11999; High Income Group- Above INR 12000).

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Upto Class V Upto Class VIIIUpto class X Upto class XIIGraduation and Above

Figure 3-5: GAPA – Literacy and Education (%) of Persons, 2005

3.4. SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS

The city social characteristics have been studied with respect to place of birth, age structure, caste religion and social groups.

3.4.1. Place of Birth

The Socio Economic Survey (SES) results show that around 45% of the people have migrated to the city implying the presence of employment opportunities in the city. Among migrants, a small but significant percentage (3%) has migrated from Bangladesh (Table 3-6, Figure 3-6). The data also suggests that the significant share of migrants is BPL. The migrants are mainly involved in pulling rickshaws or as hired labourers. Maximum population (55%) of the city is originally from Agartala itself. Higher income groups are significantly from Agartala as well as from other parts of the country,

Table 3-6: GAPA – Place of birth (%) of persons, 2005 Origin

Income Group Agartala Other Areas

in Tripura Bangladesh Others

Below Poverty Line 61.8 19.5 4.1 14.6 Marginally Poor 50.4 26.1 3.9 19.6 Low Income Group 57.5 16.9 3.7 21.9 Middle Income Group 57.5 13.6 3.9 24.9 High Income Group 49.0 11.3 3.8 35.9



Origin Income Group

Agartala Other Areas in Tripura Bangladesh Others

All 55.6 15.9 3.8 24.7 Source: Sample Socio-Economic Survey, TA Consultants, 2005;. Note: Others include other North Eastern States & Rest of India. Note: based on Sample Socio-economic survey, income ranges were obtained. Below Poverty Line- Less than INR 1871/month/household; Marginally Poor- INR 1872-2999/month/household; Low income groups- INR 3000-5999; Middle Income Group-INR 6000-11999; High Income Group- Above INR 12000).

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Origin Agartala Origin Other Areas in TripuraOrigin Bangladesh Origin Others

Figure 3-6: GAPA - Place of birth (%) of persons, 2005

3.4.2. Age Structure

Analysis of the age structure of Agartala city (Table 3-7 and Figure 3-7) reflects a predominance of the young age group who has basically come to the city for employment. The effect of income on the age group is quite evident from the fact that percentage of the people falling in the age group of above 60 is more for the Middle Income Group (MIG) and High Income Group (HIG) due to the better living standards and increased life expectancy. Vice versa the percentage of people falling in the age group of below 15 is more in the Below Poverty Line (BPL), Marginally Poor (MP) and Low Income Group (LIG).

Table 3-7: GAPA – Age Structure (%) of persons, 2005 Age Group Income Group

Less than 15 15-59 Above 60 Below Poverty Line 11 82 7 Marginally Poor 14 78 8 Low Income Group 11 81 8 Middle Income Group 8 81 11 High Income Group 7 79 15

All 10 80 10 Source: Sample Socio-Economic Survey, TA Consultants, 2005. Note: based on Sample Socio-economic survey, income ranges were obtained. Below Poverty Line- Less than INR 1871/month/household; Marginally Poor- INR 1872-2999/month/household; Low income groups- INR 3000-5999; Middle Income Group-INR 6000-11999; High Income Group- Above INR 12000).



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Less than 15 15-59 Above 60

Figure 3-7: GAPA – Age Structure (%) of persons, 2005

3.4.3. Religion

The people residing in Agartala city are predominantly Hindus (97.7%), followed by Muslims (1.9%) (Table 3-8 and Figure 3-8).

Table 3-8: GAPA - Religion (%) of persons, 2005 Religion Income Group

Hindu Muslim Buddhist Christian Below Poverty Line 96.8 2.1 0 1.1 Marginally Poor 96.8 2.7 0 0.5 Low Income Group 97.3 2.6 0 0 Middle Income Group 98.0 1.6 0.2 0.2 High Income Group 99.2 0.4 0.4 0

All 97.7 1.9 0.1 0.2 Source: Sample Socio-Economic Survey, TA Consultants, 2005. Note: based on Sample Socio-economic survey, income ranges were obtained. Below Poverty Line- Less than INR 1871/month/household; Marginally Poor- INR 1872-2999/month/household; Low income groups- INR 3000-5999; Middle Income Group-INR 6000-11999; High Income Group- Above INR 12000).

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BelowPoverty

Line

MarginallyPoor

LowIncomeGroup

MiddleIncomeGroup

HighIncomeGroup

All

Hindu Muslim Buddhist Christian

Figure 3-8: GAPA – Religion (%) of Persons, 2005

3.4.4. Social Groups

In terms of caste and tribes, 58.5% of the population belongs to general category followed by 19.0% in the scheduled caste (Table 3-9 and Figure 3-9). Within the various income groups, the percentage of people belonging to scheduled castes



and other back ward tribes is more within the BPL and MP reflecting the traditional relation between socially considered low caste people and low income.

Table 3-9: GAPA – Social Groups (%) of Persons, 2005 Social Group

Income Group General Scheduled

Caste Scheduled

Tribe Other backward

Classes Below Poverty Line 45.7 26.1 5.4 22.8 Marginally Poor 45.9 34.4 4.4 15.3 Low Income Group 57.1 20.5 4.8 17.6 Middle Income Group 63.9 13.9 7.7 14.5 High Income Group 64.1 12.2 9.8 13.9


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llGeneral Scheduled CasteScheduled Tribe Other backward Classes

Figure 3-9: GAPA – Social groups (%) of persons, 2005

3.5. POPULATION PROJECTION

The Census 2001 revealed a substantial slowdown in the population growth of the State of Tripura, to 1.5% per annum whereas earlier it had been higher, on the order of 2 % per annum. This would reflect the decline in the rate of natural increase, to 1.06% per annum, described above. Based upon these trends, the Census Bureau projected the growth of Tripura to grow at 1.2% per annum through 2011, and then to slow to 1.1% per annum and then 1.0% per annum to 2021.Extrapolating there trends, the population of the State would be about 4.97 million persons by 2041.

Against this backdrop, there is a wide range of possible growth scenarios for Agartala. If cross-border trade with Bangladesh and Myanmar open up Agartala’s economy would grow dramatically. If, on the other hand, cross-border trade and passage of goods to Kolkata remains restricted, Agartala could be expected to grow more slowly. Underlying these economic forces, it is likely that the rate of natural increase of the population will remain about 1% per annum. This being the case, the consultants have projected the growth of Agartala to increase at 2.1% per annum through 2011 and then decline gradually to 1.7% per annum by 2041. This yields a population of 802,457 in 2041. The population of GAPA would have



increased from 11.9% of the State population in 2001 to 16.1% of the State population in 2041. (Table 3-10)

Table 3-10: Population Projection for Tripura and GAPA, 1991-2001 State GAPA Year

Population CAGR Population CAGR % Of State 1991 2,757,000 n/a 214864 n/a 7.8 2001 3,199,203

1.5 379893 2.6 11.9

2011 3,664,000

1.2 479211 2.1 13.1

2021 4,061,000 1.0 572799 1.9 14.1 2031 4,494,000 1.0 677972 1.7 15.1 2041 4,974,000 1.0 802457 1.7 16.1

44... UUUrrrbbbaaannn GGGrrrooowwwttthhh MMMaaannnaaagggeeemmmeeennnttt 44.1. PHYSICAL GROWTH PATTERN

Agartala is a city of rivers and lakes. The city is bounded by the rivers Haora and Katakhal, both of which flow westward into Bangladesh. There are other rivers like Bangeswar Gang, Debta Gang, Nagicharra, Kalapani Charra and its tributaries, which spread all over Greater Agartala. Out of these rivers, Haora is one of the nine important rivers in the state having a length of 53 Km.

A major part of the present GAPA is flat terrain. The city is situated at a lower level than the surrounding areas, giving it the appearance of a saucer.

Agartala city witnessed initial development on the northern bank of river Haora (the present central zone). With the increase in population, the city started to grow on all directions except on the west due to international boundary with Bangladesh. Relatively, the city grew on the north and south of the central zone over the years. The existing structure and growth direction of Agartala city over the last two and half decades was also attributed to many factors: (a) presence of physical constraints including agriculture lands, water bodies, connectivity to the central zone across Haora and Katakhal rivers and frequent occurrence of floods during monsoon season in many areas; and (b) employment/activity nodes and areas (industrial, institutional, and commercial) that have come up over the years.

Clearly, the growth outside the erstwhile AMC limit has spread up to the new AMC limit (2004). The land available for future growth facilitated such growth.

4.2. EXISTING LAND USE

The land use pattern reflects the relative inadequacy of land for various uses. Area under residential use is comparatively low in percentage and there is shortage of housing. Figure 4-3 shows existing landuse of GAPA, 2005.

Land under commercial and industrial use is relatively low, as these functions are still in their formative stage. The city also suffers from inadequate developed recreational area, although landform of the city and its suitability as a place of tourist attraction will justify a claim for higher proportion of land under recreation. Table 4-1 and Figure 4-1 presents the existing Land use breakup in Erstwhile Agartala Municipal area (city core area). Table 4-2 and Figure 4-2 shows the existing Land use breakup in Greater Agartala Planning Area GAPA-2001.

Table 4-1: Agartala: Existing Land use, 1991 (Erstwhile Municipal area) Use Area (Ha) % of Total Area

Residential 588.05 37.22 Commercial 31.25 1.98 Industrial 8.35 0.53 Public Utilities 4.5 0.28 Institutional 105.25 6.66 Government Function 22.50 1.42 Organized Open Space 8.55 0.54



Vacant Land 73.00 4.62 Land Under Defence 34.50 2.18 Transport and Communication 97.64 6.18 Agricultural 118.70 7.52 Others 487.66 30.90

Total 1580 100


Use Area (Ha) % of Total Area

Source: Government of Tripura, Public Works Department (May 2001), Greater Agartala Development Plan

The details of the proposed land use and existing land use of Greater Agartala is shown in Table 4-2. Figure 4-3 presents the existing land use of GAPA. Figure 4.5 presents future activity centres.

Table 4-2: Agartala: GAPA - Existing land use 2001 Existing Land Use

Area (Ha) Percentage Residential 2277.55 24.75 Commercial 50.75 0.55 Industrial 50.35 0.56 Public Utilities 18.50 0.2 Institutional 175.25 1.90 Government Function 70.50 0.76 Organised Open Space 24.55 0.26 Vacant Land 2205.75 23.97 Land under defence, 79.50 0.86 Transport and communication 455.40 4.95 Agricultural 2257.75 24.54 Others (Including Forests, Water Bodies etc.,) 1532.15 16.7

Total 9200 100 Source: Government of Tripura, Public Works Department (May 2001), Greater Agartala Development Plan

36%

2%1%0%7%1%1%5%2%6%

8%

31%

ResidentialCommercialIndustrialPublic UtilitiesInstitutionalGovernment FunctionOrganized Open SpaceVacant LandLand Under DefenceTransport and CommunicationAgriculturalOthers

Figure 4-1: Agartala: Existing Land use, 1991 (Erstwhile Municipal Area)



Existing Landuse GAPA-2001

24%

1%1%0%2%1%0%

24%1%5%

24%

17%

Residential

Commercial

Industrial

Public Utilities

Institutional

Government Function

Organised Open Space

Vacant Land

Land under defence,

Transport and communication

Agricultural

Others(Including Forests, WaterBodies etc.,)

Figure 4-2: Existing Land use GAPA-2001

Figure 4-3: GAPA- Existing Land Use



4.3. PROPOSED LAND USE

The details of the proposed land use and existing land use of Greater Agartala is shown in Table 4-3. Figure 4-3 presents the existing land use of GAPA.

Table 4-3: GAPA - Existing and Proposed land use Existing Proposed (2011) Land Use

Area (Ha) Percentage Area(Ha) Percentage Residential 2277.55 24.75 2915 31.68 Commercial 50.75 0.55 288 3.13 Industrial 50.35 0.56 308 3.35 Public Utilities 18.50 0.2 62 0.67 Institutional 175.25 1.90 525 5.71 Government Function 70.50 0.76 179 1.95 Organised Open Space 24.55 0.26 750 8.15 Vacant Land 2205.75 23.97 760 8.26 Land under defence, 79.50 0.86 - - Transport and communication 455.40 4.95 850 9.24 Agricultural 2257.75 24.54 1204 13.09 Others (Including Forests, Water Bodies etc.,) 1532.15 16.7 1359 14.07

Total 9200 100 9200 100.00 Source: Government of Tripura, Public Works Department (May 2001), Greater Agartala Development Plan

4.4. DIRECTION OF PHYSICAL GROWTH

Considering the physical constraints, land availability, land suitability, ongoing, committed and proposed major activity nodes and stakeholders’ perception, it is evident that the city growth would likely to occur on two directions:

• North of Katakhal River along the airport road; and • South of Haora River along the National Highway.

Evolution of Agartala City:

• Agartala city witnessed initial development on the northern bank of river Haora (the present central zone). With population increase, city started to grow on all directions except on the west due to international boundary with Bangladesh.

• Relatively, the city grew on the north and south of the central zone over the years. The existing structure and growth direction of Agartala city over the last two and half decades was also attributed to many factors: (a) presence of physical constraints including agriculture lands, water bodies, connectivity to the central zone across Haora and Katakhal rivers and frequent occurrence of floods during monsoon season in many areas; (b) employment/activity nodes and areas (industrial, institutional, and commercial) that have come up over the years.

• Clearly, the growth outside the erstwhile AMC limit has spread up to the new AMC limit (2004). The land available for future growth facilitated such growth. The structure of the city in the past was also influenced due to traffic network.

• There are a number of ongoing, committed and proposed projects of various type and magnitude within the limit or in the surrounding 5 km radius of Greater Agartala. Some of the major projects include (a) capital complex on airport road; (b) railway station on the southern part of Agartala; (c) by-pass connecting NH of Udaipur road to Manu road on the east; (d) medical college on the western part; (e) bus terminal on south of Haora river; (f) hotel complexes on the north of Katakhal River; (g) proposed NIT status to existing Agartala University; (h) truck terminal on the eastern part; and (i) bodhjungnagar growth centre on the northeastern part (outside Greater Agartala city).All these developments are bound to improve the living conditions and increase the growth of Agartala city.

Figure 4-4 and Figure 4-5 represents the strategic city growth and proposed activity areas up to 2041.



Figure 4-4: GAPA – Strategic Urban Growth



Figure 4-5: GAPA – Future Activity Centres

4.5. CONSTRAINTS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

As the city was first established between Haora River and Katakhal the major development has occurred within this area. However, the major constraints, which could be faced by the city for the future growth, are:

• Unavailability of basic services to the people like proper water supply, drainage system, solid waste disposal etc.

• Lack of transport linkages of the city to other parts of the country. • Absence of railway network • Constraints including agriculture lands, water bodies. • Lack of connectivity to the central zone across Haora and Katakhal rivers



• Frequent occurrence of floods during monsoon season in many areas • Future development along the West is restricted due to International boundary with Bangladesh. • Presence of large numbers of tillas have seems converted to urban use .Some tillas have

gradual slope and relatively flat land on the top, which have been put to urban use. However, some tillas still continued to act as major limiting factors.

• The connectivity with northern and southern part GAPA is dependent on 3 RCC bridges and few wooden bridges. As such the development process lags in this part to a great extent.

4.6. FUTURE POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

Based on the economic development and growth strategy, population projections of city economic development strategy has been made. Table 4-4 gives the overall estimated population growth for GAPA and Table 4-5 gives the ward/village wise distribution. Figure 4-6 also presents the proposed population density within GAPA by 2041.

Table 4-4: GAPA – Projected Population, 2001 – 2041 Years Erstwhile

AMC Area Extended Area Rest of Greater Agartala Area

Total Greater Agartala Area

2001 189998 178495 11400 379893 2006 225111 191705 15095 431915 2011 240211 219810 19200 479211 2016 260890 241288 24321 526499 2021 281390 264402 27007 572799 2031 311569 333370 33033 677972 2041 343795 419576 39086 802457

Source: TA Team Estimates, 2005.

Figure 4-6: GAPA – Existing & Proposed Population Density, 2001-2041



Table 4-5: Projected Population by Zones, 2005-2041 Population as per Census of India Projected Population, 2006 - 2041 Constituent Areas (Wards

in Erstwhile AMC, Villages in Extended Area & Rest

of Greater Agartala) 1991 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 2031 2041

1 6344 11368 12376 13260 14144 15470 17680 19890 2 8683 11034 24160 25368 26576 27784 29596 32616 3 11441 14729 25956 27810 29664 32445 37080 40788 4 8102 9793 10460 11506 13075 14121 15690 17259 5 11192 5020 6068 7281 8090 8899 10517 12135 6 14002 14636 15109 15846 16583 17320 18425 19531 7 9332 9690 10260 10830 11400 12825 14250 8 11720 12122 12949 13775 14326 15153 15979 9 15627 12790 13881 15088 16898 18105 19916 21726 10 15295 10539 10829 11050 11492 12155 12597 12818 11 8804 9282 9724 10608 11492 13260 15470 12 20927 15070 15795 16380 18720 21060 23400 26325 13 8254 11436 12804 13687 15453 17660 19426 21192 14 6462 11164 12070 13277 15088 16898 19312 21726 15 9753 10175 10725 11275 12375 12925 13750 16 20081 10229 10656 10944 11520 12096 13248 14400 17 10948 12581 13680 15048 17100 17784 20520 23940

Erstwhile AMC 157358 189998 225111 240201 260890 281390 311569 343795Barjala 19617 26875 29612 34547 39482 44418 57249 78965 Indranagar 13795 19716 23038 28798 33597 38397 52796 67194 Khayerpur 6797 10774 11290 14802 15053 16308 21325 25089 Jogendranagar 26990 38586 40379 45225 48455 52493 66222 80758 Pratapgargh 13972 29714 30782 33544 35518 37491 41437 49330 Badhar ghat 35576 52828 56604 62894 69183 75296 94341 118240Newly Added Extended Area of AMC 116747 178495 191705 219810 241288 264402 333370 419576

Narsingarh 6545 770 1168 1418 1595 1772 2127 2481 Singarbi 9160 1279 1366 1708 2049 2391 2733 3074 Gandhigram CT 7538 1204 1825 2555 3286 2921 3651 4381 Ananda nagar 5168 1125 1837 2571 3306 3673 4408 5143 Dukli 15975 1901 2359 2695 3369 4043 4717 5391 Charipara 12414 1953 2160 2469 3086 3703 4320 4938 Madhupur 7340 1936 2926 3658 4726 5121 6584 8047 Madhuban 9632 1232 1458 2126 2904 3383 4494 5632 Rest of Greater Agartala 73772 11400 15099 19200 24321 27007 33033 39086 GREATER AGARTALA PLANNING AREA 347877 379893 431915 479211 526499 572799 677972 802457

Source: TA Team Estimates, 2005.

4.7. ISSUES

• Inability of the city to grow along the Western part of the city due to international border with Bangladesh.

• Lack of connectivity of central part with Northern and Southern part of GAPA leading to underdevelopment.

• Increase in population of central zone leading to infrastructure stress in this area.

55... EEEcccooonnnooommmiiiccc PPrrrooofffiiillleee 5 PAgartala city economic profile has been analysed in terms of the employment scenario, occupational structure, city income and expenditures, state domestic product, industrial development, tourism, trade and commerce, as all these are correlated with each other.

5.1. WORK PARTICIPATION AND OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE

Employment Profile of the population shows that 49.9% of the sample population are in labour force, of which, 10.3% are unemployed and 39.6% are employed (Table 5-1 and Figure 5-1).

Table 5-1: GAPA - Employment Profile (%) of Persons, 2005 Employment Type Income Group

In labour force Unemployed Employed Not in labor forceBelow Poverty line 47.8 15.6 32.2 52.2 Marginally poor 44.7 14 30.7 55.3 Low income group 52 10.3 41.7 48 Middle Income group 54 8.4 45.6 46 High income group 51 3.2 47.8 49


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Figure 5-1: GAPA - Employment Profile (%) of Persons, 2005

Occupation Profile

Analysis of the occupation profile indicates an economy run by tertiary sector where the percentage of people engaged in government services is 30.7% followed by 39.8% in other non-definable activities (Table 5-2 and Figure 5-2). Within the various income groups, there is much variation in the occupational profile. Where as 38.9% of the MIG and 53.2% of the HIG are engaged in salaried services, within the BPL, MP and LIG 33.1%, 31.2% and 10.4% respectively are engaged as hired labourers and daily wagers indicating their marginal status.




Table 5-2: GAPA - Occupation Profile (%) of Labour Force, 2005 Type of Labour force

Income Group Agriculture Traditional

Crafts

Hired Labour and Daily

Wages

Own Shop or

Business

Salaried Service (Government/

Private) Others

Below Poverty Line 0.7 0.7 33.1 18.7 12.2 34.5 Marginally Poor 0.6 0.0 31.2 18.4 11.2 38.6 Low Income Group 0.5 0.3 10.4 22.8 19.2 46.8 Middle Income Group 0.1 0.2 2.8 20.0 38.9 38.1 High Income Group 0.5 0.0 1.5 13.9 53.2 30.9

All 0.4 0.2 9.2 19.7 30.7 39.8 Source: Sample Socio-Economic Survey, TA Consultants, 2005. Note: based on Sample Socio-economic survey, income ranges were obtained. Below Poverty Line- Less than INR 1871/month/household; Marginally Poor- INR 1872-2999/month/household; Low income groups- INR 3000-5999; Middle Income Group-INR 6000-11999; High Income Group- Above INR 12000).

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

BelowPoverty

Line

MarginallyPoor

LowIncomeGroup

MiddleIncomeGroup

HighIncomeGroup

All

Hired Labour and Daily WagesOw n Shop or BusinessSalaried Service (Government/Private)Others

Figure 5-2: GAPA - Occupation Profile (%) of Labour Force, 2005

5.2. HOUSEHOLD INCOME, EXPENDITURE AND SAVINGS

Average income expenditure and savings as assessed from the survey is INR 8506, 6255, 2251 per household respectively which amounts to INR 2298, 1690, 608 per capita respectively (Table 5-3 and Figure 5-3). The expenditures can be compared with the per capita expenditures for urban India and the urban Tripura estimated by the consultants with NSSO data, which are INR 1345, and INR 1423 per month respectively. This implies that the expenditures and in all likelihood the income level in Agartala is much more than other urban areas in the state.

Table 5-3: GAPA - Average Income, Expenditure and Savings (INR / Month / Household), 2005

Income Group Average Income

Average Expenditure

Average Savings % Savings

Below Poverty Line 1372 1306 66 4.8 Marginally Poor 2348 2095 252 10.7 Low Income Group 4150 3643 507 12.2 Middle Income Group 8870 6500 2370 26.7 High Income Group 25501 18865 6636 26.0

All 8506 6255 2251 26.5 Source: Sample Socio-Economic Survey, TA Consultants, 2005.



Note: based on Sample Socio-economic survey, income ranges were obtained. Below Poverty Line- Less than INR 1871/month/household; Marginally Poor- INR 1872-2999/month/household; Low income groups- INR 3000-5999; Middle Income Group-INR 6000-11999; High Income Group- Above INR 12000)

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BelowPoverty

Line

MarginallyPoor

LowIncomeGroup

MiddleIncomeGroup

HighIncomeGroup

All

% Savings % Expenditure

Figure 5-3: GAPA - Average Income, Expenditure and Savings (INR / Month / Household), 2005

5.2.1. Income Distribution

Income distribution shows a predominance of LIG and MIG whereas the percentage of people in the BPL is only 5.6 (Table 5-4 and Figure 5-4).

Table 5-4: GAPA, Income Distribution (%), 2005 Households Persons Income Group

Number Percent Number Percent Below Poverty Line 94 5.6 274 4.4 Marginally Poor 186 11.2 633 10.2 Low Income Group 589 35.4 2166 35.0 Middle Income Group 550 33.0 2097 33.9 High Income Group 246 14.8 1017 16.4

All 1665 100 6187 100 Source: Sample Socio-Economic Survey, TA Consultants, 2005 Note: based on Sample Socio-economic survey, income ranges were obtained. Below Poverty Line- Less than INR 1871/month/household; Marginally Poor- INR 1872-2999/month/household; Low income groups- INR 3000-5999; Middle Income Group-INR 6000-11999; High Income Group- Above INR 12000)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Below PovertyLine

Marginally Poor Low IncomeGroup

Middle IncomeGroup

High IncomeGroup

Figure 5-4: GAPA - Income Categorization (%), 2005



Expenditure

Analysis of the expenditure on different consumer items reveals that the maximum of the expenditure is on food items followed by education, fuel and rent with the least money spent on taxes.

Table 5-5: GAPA- Percentage (%) of Average Expenditure on Different Items, 2005 Income Group Food Rent Electricity Fuel Education Medical Taxes Other

Below Poverty Line 58.6 1.0 7.8 14.2 6.1 5.4 1.7 5.2 Marginally Poor 58.4 0.9 5.4 13.3 8.2 6.6 0.5 6.6 Low Income Group 55.0 5.5 4.5 10.0 10.0 5.4 0.7 8.9 Middle Income Group 51.0 7.0 6.0 8.0 10.4 5.6 0.7 11.4 High Income Group 48.0 7.4 3.2 7.4 10.0 6.6 1.4 16.0

All 53.2 5.5 5.1 9.6 9.7 5.8 0.8 10.3 Source: Sample Socio-Economic Survey, TA Consultants, 2005 Note: based on Sample Socio-economic survey, income ranges were obtained. Below Poverty Line- Less than INR 1871/month/household; Marginally Poor- INR 1872-2999/month/household; Low income groups- INR 3000-5999; Middle Income Group-INR 6000-11999; High Income Group- Above INR 12000)

010203040506070

BelowPoverty Line

MarginallyPoor

Low IncomeGroup

MiddleIncomeGroup

High IncomeGroup

All

Food Rent Electricity Fuel Education Medical Taxes Other

Figure 5-5: GAPA-Percentage (%) of average expenditure on different items, 2005

5.3. STATE DOMESTIC PRODUCT

Per capita State Domestic Product (SDP) of Tripura during 1994-95 was INR 4376 at current prices against the all India average of INR 8282. This was not only much below the national average but the lowest in the North Eastern Region. Figure 5-6 shows a continuous growth in GSDP especially after the liberalization i.e. 1991 the SDP is growing at high rate, which is good for the economy of the state. With the increase in economic activities the GSDP also increases.



0

5 0 0

1 0 0 0

1 5 0 0

2 0 0 0

2 5 0 0

3 0 0 0

3 5 0 0

1980-8

1

1982-8

3

1984-8

5

1986-8

7

1988-8

9

1990-9

1

1992-9

3

1994-9

5

1996-9

7

1998-9

9

2000-0

1

Figure 5-6: GSDP at Constant Prices in Tripura (Urban), 1981- 01

5.3.1. Sectoral Contribution to Income

The state is predominantly an agrarian economy with over 65% of persons engaged in agriculture generating 30% of the gross state domestic product. However, Tripura is an industrialized state with 240 factories employing 10000 people and generating INR 750 Million of net value added. It is evident that among all the sectors i.e. Primary1, Secondary2 and Tertiary3 sector highest contribution is from the tertiary sector (see Figure 5-7). Tertiary sector is the primary economic base for the state and it includes public administration, education and community services.

These services dominate the state’s economy and are the primary source of employment in the state. The second most important economic activity in terms of employment is trade, hotels and restaurants that produce the maximum income for the state. However, the sector is characterized by large-scale informalisation. In Tripura, this sector primarily consists of small-scale businesses.

02 0 04 0 06 0 08 0 0

1 0 0 01 2 0 01 4 0 01 6 0 01 8 0 0

1 9 9 3 -9 4

1 9 9 4 -9 5

1 9 9 5 -9 6

1 9 9 6 -9 7

1 9 9 7 -9 8

1 9 9 8 -9 9

1 9 9 9 -2 0 0 0

2 0 0 0 -0 1

P r im a r y S e c o n d a ry T e r i t i a ry

Figure 5-7: GAPA - Sectoral Contribution of GSDP 1993-2001

1 Primary sector includes agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining and quarrying. 2 Secondary sector includes registered and unregistered manufacturing; construction and electricity, gas and water supply. 3 Tertiary sector includes transport, storage and communication; trade, hotels and restaurants; banking and insurance; real estate, ownership of building and insurance; public administration and other services.



5.3.2. City Income

The per capita income of Tripura is rising rapidly at an annual compound growth rate of 8.1 per cent per annum during 1993-94 and 2001-02 at constant prices. The primary and secondary sectors in the Tripura economy are growing only at an average annual compound growth rate of 3.84 per cent per annum and 2.15 per cent per annum respectively. The tertiary sector including trade, transport, finance and community and social services is the fastest growing sector at the rate of 8.12 per cent per annum. This indicates the growing demand for services due to increasing trade. Since Agartala is the most developed and fast growing city in Tripura, it is assumed to be true for the same.

However, due to non-availability of city level data an attempt has been made to estimate the City Domestic Product. Table 5-6 shows the estimated city income4. The city domestic product estimated is INR 1673.4 Million.

Table 5-6: GAPA- City Domestic Product, 2001-02 (INR Million) Sector State GSDP State Urban Domestic

Product City Domestic Product

Primary 31492.0 332.7 Secondary 8715.9 8715.9

Tertiary 5666.0 5666. Total GSDP 45873.9 14714.7

1673.4

Source: Central Statistical Organization; Estimated, TA Consultants, 2005

5.4. INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT

There are two small industrial estates in the city, with a total capital investment of INR 56.58 million. Together, with a total of 36 industrial units, they employ 904 persons Table 5-7. Other than these industrial estates, there are 17 other significant industries in Agartala city. These industries, as per records, are not in the category of large and medium industries, but considering their actual employment and turnover, many of these can easily be placed in this category. These include jute mill, food processing industries, metal industries etc. Most of these industries are located along important traffic corridors.

Table 5-7: GAPA - Details of Industrial Estates S.

No. Industrial Estate Area (Ha)

Functional Units

Investment (INR million) Employment Predominant Types

of Industries 1

Arundhuti Nagar Industrial Estate 3.6 26 44.38 724

Steel Fabrication, Tobacco Processing, Fruit Processing, Aluminium Utensil etc

2 Badherghat Industrial Estate 7.69 10 12.25 180 Steel Fabrication,

Spices etc. Source: Directorate of Industries, Government of Tripura, Agartala

4 In order to estimate the city income, the following method has been applied. First, the state urban GSDP was estimated. The assumptions made to calculate the state urban GSDP include (i) All GSDP generate form secondary and tertiary sector is from the urban areas; (ii) A ratio of agricultural GDP generated by each agricultural worker was derived and primary sector GDP generated from urban areas was worked out. Second, from the State urban GSDP, the city GDP was estimated by applying the workforce ratio (proportion of workforce in city of the total state workforce).



Bodhjang Nagar, (an industrial growth centre) with an area of 406 acres is being implemented under centrally sponsored scheme, in which land parcels and sheds has been allotted with the required infrastructure. The major industry types that are being setup here include: (a) steel Industry; (b) cement factory; and (c) sandal wood oil extraction factory.

Along with this within the growth centre the following activities are coming up: (a) one rubber park with an area of 50 acres; (b) one food processing Industrial Park with an area of 20 acre; and (c) one agro- export zone having an area of 5 acre. Besides, next to Bodhjang Nagar, an Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) is being implemented at an estimated investment of INR 500 million.

5.5. TOURISM

Agartala is a city of many tourist attractions. These include palaces, temples, wildlife sanctuaries and many others. The most popular tourist place in Agartala is the Tripura Sundari Temple, popularly known as Matabari that is located at a distance of 55 Km from the city. Other places of interest are, the Ujjayanta Palace, located within the city, Neer Mahal located 53 km from the city, Unnakoti- a pilgrimage center with rock carvings and murals. The tourism industry in Agartala city is growing at a fast pace. Table 5-8 shows an increase of 33% in the number of tourists arriving in Agartala.

Table 5-8: Tourist Arrivals in Agartala City, 1997- 2003 Type of Tourists 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-04 2004-05

Domestic 159730 169929 178697 268529 260403 267023 International 1971 2327 2390 3191 3684 2847

Total 161701 172256 181087 271720 264087 269870 Source: Tourism Directorate, Tripura, Agartala

Figure 5-8: Recent view of Ujjayanta Palace in Agartala City from Singha Dwar



Figure 5-9: A view of Ujjayanta Palace Complex with water tanks, Singha Dwar,

the Palace and surrounding Urban Precinct.

5.6. TRADE AND COMMERCE

The city economy is dependent primarily on the tertiary sector with a small manufacturing base. Figure 5-2 presents existing activity and employment areas within in GAPA. The following section briefly describes the economic sectors in the city. The income distribution shows a predominance of LIG and MIG whereas the percentage of people in the BPL is only 5.6 (Table 5-9 and Figure 5-10).

Table 5-9: GAPA, Income Distribution (%), 2005 Households Persons Income Group

Number Percent Number Percent Below Poverty Line 94 5.6 274 4.4

Marginally Poor 186 11.2 633 10.2

Low Income Group 589 35.4 2166 35.0

Middle Income Group 550 33.0 2097 33.9

High Income Group 246 14.8 1017 16.4

All 1665 100 6187 100 Source: Sample Socio-Economic Survey, TA Consultants, 2005 Note: based on Sample Socio-economic survey, income ranges were obtained. Below Poverty Line- Less than INR 1871/month/household; Marginally Poor- INR 1872-2999/month/household; Low income groups- INR 3000-5999; Middle Income Group-INR 6000-11999; High Income Group- Above INR 12000)



0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Below PovertyLine

Marginally Poor Low IncomeGroup

Middle IncomeGroup

High IncomeGroup

Figure 5-10: GAPA - Income Categorization (%), 2005

There are 9 markets maintained by AMC with in municipal limits, of which, Battala and Maharaj Ganja Bazaar are important as the main service and distribution center of Greater Agartala.

Figure 5-11: Market place

Growth in tertiary sector depends on the surplus income generated by the primary and secondary sectors. High income in the sector depends on knowledge and skill intensive activities and high commitment to quality. Agartala city is going to play a pivotal role under the new economic regime with trade liberalization. This is evident from existing significant contribution by the sector with even limited trade liberalization. The logical extension of the same is growth of trade.

The thrust area in the tertiary sector is identified as the development of transport, tourism and related infrastructure. After the withdrawal of Restricted Area Permit, tourist arrival in the state has increased substantially and there is good scope for promoting regional tourism (Tripura, other North Eastern states, West Bengal and Bangladesh). The Table 5-8 shows that the number of tourists arriving in Agartala city is increasing and seems that this will further increase with improvement in the infrastructure of the city.

5.7. PROPOSED NEW ECONOMIC INITIATIVES

The JNNURM proposes improvement in five major sectors that include water supply, sewerage and sanitation, solid waste management, drainage traffic and transportation. The proposed projects would act as an inducement to economic



growth and development. It also proposes to improve the infrastructure, development activities and trade with Bangladesh

Infrastructure Upgradation: It has already been identified as one of the thrust area for meeting the goals of the Tenth Five year Plan of the state. This has been done because lack of infrastructure has been the biggest bottleneck for the development of the state.

• Improvements in critical infrastructure sectors such as water supply, sewerage, solid waste management, drainage, slum development, etc.

• Proposed improvements as part of the Master Plan for Agartala.

Primary Sector Development Initiatives: Agriculture has been considered as the core sector for emphasis in the 10th Five year plan since this sector has the potential to provide a wide spectrum of benefits to the rural poor. Tenth five year plan of the state focuses more on the improvement of the level of consumption of food and other consumer goods rather then the arithmetical economic growth or per capita income. State government has already started many new development schemes but the contribution of this sector towards the city domestic product is very low and may not have much impact on the city income.

Trade with Bangladesh: The railway network of Bangladesh runs along the state's border. The economy of the State and the adjoining parts of Bangladesh has always been integral and any separation of trade, commerce and economy between the two is impossible. The ties between Tripura and Bangladesh are further strengthened by very strong social and cultural linkages. The people till date share kinship ties and relationships through marriages. The languages and dialects spoken in different parts of the state are common with those in the neighboring districts of Bangladesh. Thus, the natural links of Tripura with Bangladesh are historical and deep-rooted

During recent years, a number of initiatives have been taken at the level of the government as well as the business community, aimed at re-establishing the historical links between Tripura and Bangladesh. The official trade between Tripura and Bangladesh was started during 1994-95. As many as seven Land Custom Stations have been notified for the purpose, out of which 3 are operational at present. The Bangladesh Government has also set up a Visa Office at Agartala. The present volume of trade in about INR 120 million per annum, but the same is expected to increase fast, with the bringing down of tariff and other barriers under SAARC initiative. The declared goal of SAARC nations to make South-east Asia a "Free Trade Area" has the potential of revolutionizing the Tripura Economy, as it will put an end to the geographical isolation of Tripura.

Serious initiatives have also been taken in recent years for getting a transit route through Bangladesh, to connect Tripura with the rest of India as well as to the Chittagong Port of Bangladesh. Commencement of Border trade with Bangladesh is also under active consideration. There are also suggestions to re-establish the old rail / road / waterways links with Bangladesh. All this augurs well for Tripura. It will effectively integrate the Tripura Economy to the rest of India as well as to the other countries in the Region. In fact, it will make Tripura the "Gateway to the North-East" and will give a great boost to the state’s economy and Agartala being the centre of trade from Bangladesh would directly receive the benefit.



It is expected that within next few years, the Tripura Economy will be effectively integrated with Eastern India as well as other countries in the Region. This would open up a vast market for the industrial units based in Tripura

5.8. GOVERNMENT POLICIES

Recent policies of the Indian Government especially the Look East Policy, Free Trade Agreements, Proposed Asian Highways (AH) and Trans Asian Railways (TAR) are going to have implications on the future development and growth of the State. With the opening up of the Border Trade between India and Bangladesh, rail linkages between India and Bangladesh, Tripura is going to benefit a lot. Some of these policies are described below:

5.8.1. India’s Look East Policy

Since the early 1990s, India has emphasised on building relationships with the rapidly growing South-Asian countries. Particularly India is strategically moving forward to develop a strong bondage with ASEAN. Concepts such as BIMSTEC, i.e. Bangladesh – India – Myanmar – Singapore – Thailand Economic Co-operation, ASEAN + India, etc are being developed. As an outcome of these, Tripura shall get economic benefits due to its proximity to other ASEAN countries.

5.8.2. Free Trade Agreements

India, with her Look East Policy has already in the advanced stage of discussions and negotiations with many ASEAN nations for developing free trade agreements. The objectives of these agreements are to create favourable conditions for greater economic cooperation and promoting fair competition through formation of progressively liberalised policy structures, eliminating barriers to trade in, and facilitate the cross-border movement of goods and services on a reciprocal basis. It also aims at creating a transparent, liberal and facilitative investment regime to explore new economic opportunities and develop appropriate measures for closer economic cooperation.

5.8.3. Asian Highways

The Asian Highway (AH) project is one of the three pillars of Asian Land Transport Infrastructure Development (ALTID) project, endorsed by ESCAP Commission at its 48th session in 1992, comprising Asian Highway, Trans-Asian Railway (TAR) and Land Transport Projects.

55 AH routes have been identified among 32 member countries for developing approximately 140,000 km of international highways and specifies classification and design standards. The Asian Highway project will criss-cross the Asian continent and reach Europe. The AH’ route will connect major terminals and depots of the North East, and so road transport would be easier and faster compare to the past. This Trans-Asian Highway is going to be connected with National Highway 31 and 40, which is a part of the East-West Corridor of India. Though the AH would not cover Tripura, but its proximity to the highway routes.The towns in Tripura are located at an average distance of 500 km from the start points of AH.



Tripura shall have the opportunity to develop and expand its manufacturing and tourism base with opening up of new markets and greater competitiveness with the help of the unutilised natural and physical resources, and cheaper, yet skilled human resources in comparison to Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore.

5.8.4. Trans Asian Railway (TAR)

Besides the Asian Highway Network, UNESCAP is also aiming for Trans-Asian Railway where north East Indian Region is going to be a part of the southern corridor connecting Thailand and the southern Chinese provinces, Turkey, Myanmar, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and the Islamic Republic of Iran with Sri Lanka also part of the corridor.

5.9. ISSUES

The economic profile of the city suggests that although the city has tremendous potential to emerge as an economically developed city, it is nevertheless beset by several constraints. The issues for the city economic development include:

• Increasing marginalization and casualisation of labour; • Agartala is still the center of many economic activities despite poor infrastructure facilities; • Industrial sector needs enhancement • No organized commercial spaces for retail markets. Traditional bazaars have reached

saturation levels with respect to infrastructure and spaces; • Tourism infrastructure needs to be augmented. The other specific issues related to tourism

include: - The tourist sites need to be restored and maintained properly, especially the buildings with

much importance. - Provision of infrastructure facilities near the tourists’ spots is very essential which seems to

be lacking - Parking and traffic management is very poor which also requires to be improved. - Public Transport system needs improvement.

66... UUUrrrbbbaaannn PPPoooooorrr aaannnddd HHHooouuusssiiinnngg 6 g6.1. ESTIMATES OF POOR

Estimates reveal that 25% of the population in Agartala is below poverty line. However, poor living conditions are not limited to this section of the poor population. 15% of the population is poor or marginally poor i.e., are considered highly vulnerable to poverty. 38% of Low income groups of the population earns less than US$ 1 /day.

Within the city, stark variations can be seen in the poverty levels. Table 6-1 shows the poverty levels in the erstwhile AMC area and the extended areas. While the poverty rate is only 10% in the erstwhile city limits, in the extended areas, it is 42%. In terms of share, 80% of the total poor of the city are concentrated here. The proportion of poor in each of the wards and sectors (extended areas) of the city is shown in Figure 6-1. The poor in the city are concentrated mainly along the riverbanks and areas of poor drainage. It was found that several localities along the rivers Haora and Katakhal have poor living conditions. Nandannagar sector1 has the largest proportion of poor. Other sectors such as Pratapgarh, Badharghat, Khayerpur and Lichubagan also have high poverty levels. Within the AMC area, the largest proportions of poor are in ward 1 and 5.

Table 6-1: Population Below Poverty Line (%) Constituent Area Families (Number) Population

(Number) Population

(%) Share of Total

(%) Erstwhile AMC 3786 18173 9.6 20 Extended Area 15375 73800 42 80 New AMC Area 19161 91973 25 100

Source: Agartala Municipal Council, 2004

Poverty mapping in Agartala has been done with respect to several key aspects that include economic and social vulnerability, housing and tenure status, access to basic urban services and the environmental status. The indicators chosen for mapping are given in Table 6-2.

Table 6-2: Poverty Mapping-Indicators Aspect Indicator (%)

Economic and Social Vulnerability

• Persons Below • Below Poverty Line • Marginally Poor • Unemployed • Scheduled Caste • Scheduled Tribe • Other Backward Classes • Women headed households

Housing and Tenure Status

• Households • Living as Squatters • Living in huts • Living in slums


1 The extended AMC area includes 25 villages that have been grouped into sectors.



Aspect Indicator (%)

Access to Urban Services

• Households • Without Tap Connection • Without Access to Toilet • Using Pit Latrines • Disposing Waste Anywhere • With no Streetlights

Environmental Status

• Households Reporting • Flooding of Water • Stagnation of Water • Occurrence of Diseases • Water Borne Diseases • Respiratory Diseases

Figure 6-1: Persons Below Poverty Line (%)



6.2. REVIEW OF URBAN POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES

It is estimated that 25% of the people of Agartala are below poverty line. 26% of the BPL population lives in squatters in Government lands. A significant proportion of the poor are thus uncovered by any programmes.

6.2.1. Institutional Setup for Poverty Alleviation

The Agartala Municipal Council (AMC) has set up an Urban Poverty Eradication (UPE) Cell that implements the poverty alleviation programmes. The cell has been created with the objective of

• Bringing all operations related to the urban poor under one canopy and • To ensure grass root level involvement.

The AMC in some cases with assistance form the UDD implements several poverty alleviation programmes. Table 6-3 gives a brief description of each of the programmes, the implementing agencies, the funding pattern and the institutional mechanism and the process of the programmes.

Table 6-3: Agartala- Institutional Mechanism of Poverty Alleviation Programmes Implementing

Agencies Role of Agencies Funding Pattern Implementation Process

SJSRY: Consists of tow schemes including Urban Self Employment Programme (USEP) and Urban wage employment programme (UWEP).

AMC, UDD

AMC Implementation of Programmes UDD Monitoring of Programmes

Central and State Contribution.

• Guide and monitor the work of CDSs; • Prepare city convergence plans based

on the community plans and sectoral programmes at District and Municipal levels;

• Promote integrated and coordinated implementation of the UPE convergence plan;

• Promote linkages of the community structures with the ULB structures under the 74th Constitution Amendment Act;

• Mobilize the human and financial resources at the city level;

• Review and approve community action plans; and

• Monitor programme activities at city level (MIS).

National Slum Development Programme (NSDP): Scheme for Overall Upgradation of Slums

AMC and Urban Development Department

AMC Identifies projects and implements the same. UDD Acts as communicator between the AMC and the Central Government for financial matters and monitoring agency.

Central Government gives 100% grant for the programme.

• Ward Level Committees identify infrastructure requirements of slum areas through site visit and discussions with slum dwellers on their needs.

• Project report by the PWD section of AMC.

• For finalisation of works to be undertaken, the same is placed before CPC.

• Proposal then sent to UDD for comments and further process.

• UDD after scrutiny forwards it to Central Government for funding.

• Funds sanctioned by the Central Government forwarded to UDD. UDD asks AMC to carry out works and issues first installment of funding.

• Process of tendering, award and implementation begins.



Implementing Agencies Role of Agencies Funding Pattern Implementation Process

• On submission of Work Completion Certificate to UDD, final payment is released.

Integrated Low Cost Sanitation: Scheme for provision of sanitation facilities to households without safe sanitation facilities.

AMC and Sulabh International

AMC identifies beneficiaries, gives financial support and monitors the scheme. Sulabh International implements the scheme.

AMC • The houseowner applies to the Public Health Division (PHD) of AMC.

• Application is scrutinized by Executive Engineer, PHD and if found eligible, prepares “Loan Agreement”(details out loan amount, interest rate, repayment period and EMI). The agreement is between the houseowner and the AMC.

• After signing of agreement, the Executive Engineer issues a sanction order to both owner and sulabh international. AMC releases sanctioned loan payment to Sulabh International that undertakes construction responsibility at the identified site of the owner.

• Implementation work is monitored by sanitary inspector from time to time.

Valmiki Ambedkar Awaas Yojana (VAMBAY): Providing Housing to Low Income Groups

AMC; and HUDCO

HUDCO Decides target beneficiaries; Financial Assistance and Monitoring AMC Identification of Beneficiaries Implementation of programme.

AMC-50% and HUDCO 50%

• Fixing of target dwellings to be constructed.

• Through Nagarik Committee, identification of beneficiaries;

• Cases identified recommended to CEO of AMC, who forwards to project officer of Urban poverty eradication cell (UPE);

• Preparation of proposal by the • Project Officer and puts in front of

Chairperson in Council Committee (CPC). CPC after discussion with members finalizes list of beneficiaries and sends it to the CEO.

• CEO applies for “Subsidy money” to HUDCO.

• After receipt of subsidy money, CEO issues sanction order to Executive Engineer, PWD Section, AMC.

• Executive Engineer implements construction of houses for the beneficiaries and submits “Work Completion Certificate” to CEO, AMC.

• CEO submits “Utilisation Certificate” to HUDCO and requests for remaining subsidy from HUDCO.

• HUDCO releases the money to AMC on receiving the certificate.

Annapurna Food Scheme

Poverty Alleviation Cell, AMC

Scheme for Old People (Above 65 years) below poverty line having no financial or family support.

AMC • 10 Kg of rice per month (free of cost) given to the beneficiaries on the “BPL Ration Card”.

• Total number of beneficiaries as on 2005 is 732 (Old Agartala Area: 417, Newly Added Area: 325).

National Old Age Pension Scheme


Scheme for Old People (Above 65 years) below poverty line having no financial or

AMC • Beneficiaries given INR 125/Month. • Number of Beneficiaries in Old Agartala

Municipal Area is 646.



Implementing Agencies Role of Agencies Funding Pattern Implementation Process

family support. Antyoday Scheme


Scheme for “Poorest Poor” family and for normal “BPL Family”.

AMC • On “Antyoday Ration Card”, the “poorest poor” can purchase up to 35 Kg of Ration (rice/wheat) at INR 3/Kg while the normal BPL family purchases the same at INR 6/kg.

• Total Number of Beneficiaries in Old Municipal Area is 3786.

Small Savings Scheme for Workers in Unorganised Sector (BPL)

AMC

The workers deposit INR 25/month and the State Government deposit INR 25/month. In case of hospitalization, the beneficiary can withdraw some amount from the account.

• Saving Scheme for BPL workers (can save up to INR 600/year) that can be withdrawn after the beneficiary attains 55 years. Currently, the number of beneficiaries under the scheme is 1200.

Source: Compiled from programme details, Agartala Municipal Council (AMC)

The SJSRY programme suggests formation of community structures at the grass root level such as community development structures (CDS), self help groups (SHGs), and Thrift and Credit Societies (T&CS). While these structures have been created, these are not used for the purposes of integrating the plans from below. In Agartala, ward committees have been formed in each ward. The ward councilors assist the UPE cell in assessing the needs and priorities of the communities. These communities are represented through the Nagarik committees. The AMC implements the urban poverty alleviation schemes in liaison with the state urban development department and other institutions like the HUDCO, the sulabh international, etc. These have been detailed out in the subsequent sections. In the extended areas of 25 villages, 8 sectors having sector committees have been created as a transitional arrangement by the government for proper administration. The delineation of new wards in the added areas has increased the total number of wards to 35.

While such a system can be characterized as a democratic process, it has been severely politicized. The needs and aspirations of the community (both poor and non-poor) are overrun by particular interests of the political leaders. Community consultations revealed the following important issues:

• Low levels of awareness amongst communities and self help groups on poverty alleviation projects;

• Lack of understanding amongst the councilors on poverty issues; and • Improper targeting of the poor.



Figure 6-2: Composite Poverty Index

6.3. SLUMS

“A slum is a cluster of compact settlement of 5 or more households which generally grow very unsystematically and haphazardly in an unhealthy condition and atmosphere on government and private vacant land. Slums also exist in the owner based household premises.”



6.3.1. Criteria for Slum Identification

The Urban Development Department of Tripura has listed out non-economic parameters for eligibility of a household to be declared as BPL. Different weightage scores are given as per the living condition such as roofing & flooring material, water availability, sanitation, educational level, type of employment and status of children in the house. The parameters getting highest priority include:

• Household with asbestos roof • Brick Flooring • Absence of water supply • Community dry latrine • Middle pass educational level • Semi-skilled employment • Working children but attending literacy classes sometimes.

The process for identification and consequently notification of slums is described below AMC.

• Formation of committee headed by Executive Member of CPC, and member would be form technical and non-technical section.

• The committee then visits every location or areas, which are identified as, proposed slum. • Committee looks into the aspects of standard of living in that locality; which includes:

- Area being Marshland or low lying; - Income of household and its sources; - Land ownership; - Accessibility (roads); - Availability of sanitation facility; - Availability of water resources; - Education facilities; - Drainage facility; and - Housing typology.

• Committee submits its report to Chairperson in council committee, which discusses on the report and final report is prepared.

• Report is then submitted to Urban Development Department, which verifies the sites proposed to be declared as SLUM. With certain modifications or suggestions, UDD send the report to State Government for its consent.

• Government by an Office order declares these areas as slum

6.3.2. Estimates of Slum Population

The city has 52 notified slums by the Agartala Municipal Council (AMC). 6 slums are proposed to be notified. 6216 families live in the existing notified slums that constitute about 9% of the total population of the city (Table 6-4). 35 slums are located in the newly extended area of AMC. Figure 6-3 shows the proportion of slum population in each of the wards and the sectors.

Table 6-4: Agartala: Slum Population, 2005 Slums Erstwhile

AMC area Extended

area of 2004 New AMC

area Proposed

slums Notified Slums 17 35 52 6 Families in Slums 2220 4196 6216 390 Population living in Slums 11100 20980 31080 1950 Total Population living in slums (notified+proposed)

33030

% of Slum Population (including proposed slums) to Total Population of New AMC Area as per 2001 Census

9

Source: Compiled from records of Agartala Municipal Corporation, 2005



6.3.3. Distribution of Slums

52 slums have been identified in the city of Agartala. 35 slums are located in the newly extended area of AMC. Ward 1 has the largest proportion of slum population. Most of the slums are located in this ward. In the extended AMC area, Pratapgarh and Badharghat have large proportion of slum population.

Figure 6-3: Slum areas Slum Population

Table 6-5 shows a profile of three slums with respect to location, population, infrastructure services, economic activity, housing and social infrastructure.



Table 6-5: Agartala: Profile of Slums, 2005 S. No Aspects Muslim Para Vidya sagar basti Radha nagar

Location and Demography

1 Location Aralia gram (newly

added area) along the Haora river

Near Indian oil office on the Assam rifle road (Opposite to Radhanagar bus stand) and

along the Katakhal River

Near Debbarma bridge and Radhanagar bus stand

6 Status of Slum Notified Notified Notified 2 Households 80-90 145 150 3 Population 600-700 800 850

5 Native Status Local Migrated from other parts of the state for employment

Migrated from other parts of the state and Bangladesh for

employment Infrastructure and Services

8 Condition of Toilet Non-Functional Functional community toilets One non-functional community toilet

9 Discharge of Sanitation Discharged into River

10 Water Supply Public Standpost (1 Number)

Public Standpost: 7; PHE Taps: 3, Individual Standpost:

3

PHE Public Tap and leakages in water supply

network

11 Distance of Water source 75m 200 m 50-100

20 Flooding Prone to flooding; Premises to be vacated twice a year

12 Availability of Bathrooms Washing and bathing done at stand post and river.

13 Access Road Brick Paved Track 14 Waste Disposal River Bank 15 Garbage Bins No Bins

Housing

16 General House Type Bamboo huts Bamboo huts; Some houses have been constructed under

VAMBAY

17 House Rent No house renting system

INR 400/month for single room Not Known

18 Electric Connection 35 to 40% of houses are electrified

55% families have electric connection

55% of families have electric connection

Economic Activity 19 Economic Activities Daily Labourers

Social Infrastructure

21 Education facility Nil

One evening school constructed under "SARVA

SIKHSA ABIHYAN” programme

Nil

Source: Reconnaissance Survey, TA Consultants, 2005

The major slum characteristics that emerge include:

• Several of the slums are located along the banks of Haora and Katakhal. These are low lying areas and are prone to flooding. The premises have to be vacated twice a year;

• Primary water supply source is a public standpost, whose condition is poor; • Average distance traveled for water is 100m; • Public toilets are in poor shape and are non-functional; • Waste (both solid and liquid) are discharged directly into the river; • Most of the slum dwellers have migrated from other parts of the country for the • Purpose of employment; and • The houses are primarily huts that are made of bamboo.



Public Stand Post in Slums

6.3.4. Slum Upgradation Projects

a) National Slum Development Programme (NSDP)

The NSDP also shows similar patterns as of other programmes. The expenditure pattern varies and therefore, the programme does not make any significant impact on the poor. The expenditure per family is as low INR 313 in 2003-04 (Table 6-6).

Table 6-6: National Slum Development Programme Programmes 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04

Expenditure (INR Million) 3.9 5 4 4.1 3.7 2.2 Basic Amenities 1.2 1.2 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.55 Physical Infrastructure 2.3 3.4 3.5 3.7 1.9 1.6 Social Infrastructure 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.08 0.8 0.07 Growth Rate in Expenditure 2.5 -2.2 0.2 -1.0 -5.1 Expenditure Per Family (INR) 627 804 644 631 548 313

Source: AMC, 2005; Estimated PPTA Consultants, 2005

b) Valmiki Ambedkar Awaas Yojana (VAMBAY)

The programme assists the poor in constructing dwelling units and toilets. Under the programme, 9% of the slum population has been covered in a period of 7 years thus, the benefits to the poor are very less (Table 6-7) gives the details of the assets created. During visits to the slum areas in the cities, several houses constructed under the scheme were seen. These are well-constructed dwelling units. Some of the people however, complained that the doors have not been provided for the dwelling units.

House Constructed under VAMBAY

Table 6-7: VAMBAY (1998-2005) Aspects

Total Expenditure (INR Million) 7.6 Number of Dwelling Units Constructed 169 Number of Toilets Constructed 161 Number of Families in Slums Covered 1895 Families Covered (%) 8.5



Aspects Expenditure Per Family (INR) 22.2


c) Integrated Low Cost Sanitation (ILCS)

The primary objective of the programme is to improve the sanitary conditions of the poor. The number of toilets constructed as part of the integrated low cost sanitation programme varies across the years. The maximum number of toilets (200) constructed was in 2002-03 (Table 6-8). The lowest number was in 1999-2000 (26). The maximum proportion of poor covered is 3%. The beneficial impacts of the programmes are therefore, low.

Table 6-8: Integrated Low Cost Sanitation Aspects 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Total

Number of Toilets Constructed 130 26 29 36 200 130 551 Expenditure (INR Million) 0.48 0.09 0.05 0.07 0.89 0.58 2.16 Growth Rate in Expenditure -15.4 -5.7 3.4 29.0 -4.2 Number of Population Benefited 585 117 130.5 162 900 585 2479.5% Population Covered 2.09 0.42 0.47 0.55 2.96 1.85 1.4 Expenditure Per Family 77 14 8 11 132 83 325


6.4. URBAN HOUSING

A large proportion of the population lives in poor housing conditions in the city. Most low income and poor household areas are along the Rivers Haora and Katakhal. Apart form the rural areas; wards 1 and 5 have poor housing conditions. The housing conditions in the extended areas are worse than that of the areas in the erstwhile AMC area. Community Toilet constructed under ILCS

The SES shows that 26% of the below poverty line households and 18% of the marginally poor households live in squatters on the Government land (Table 6-9; Figure 6-4). However, the proportion of those living as squatters in the city is expected to be much higher

Table 6-9: Land Tenure (%) Income Group Rented Government Land (Squatters)

Below Poverty Line 3.1 25.8 Marginally Poor 1.6 18.2

All 3.5 6.6 Source: Sample Socio-Economic Survey, TA Consultants,



05

1015202530

Below PovertyLine

Marginally Poor

Rented

Government Land(Squatters)

Figure 6-4: Land Tenure Ship

6.4.1. Types of Housing

Most of the poor people in the city live in huts. Huts in the city are mostly made of bamboo and the floors are earthen. People also have started living in flats and multistoried buildings. Percentage of poor living in flats or multistoried building is very less compared to the people living in huts.

Table 6-10: Type of Dwelling (%) of households

Income Group Flat/ Multistoried

Bungalow/ Individual House Hut Others

Below Poverty Line 2.2 56 41.9 0 Marginally Poor 2.7 58.5 36.1 2.7 Low Income Group 3.4 76.9 18.2 1.4 Middle Income Group 8.4 80.8 8.0 2.7 High Income Group 20.2 72.4 4.9 2.5

All 7.4 74.3 16.2 2.1

0102030405060708090

BelowPoverty Line

MarginallyPoor

Low IncomeGroup

MiddleIncomeGroup

High IncomeGroup

All

Flat/Multistoried Bungalow/Individual House Hut Others

Figure 6-5: Type of Dwelling (%) of households

Access to Housing

An attempt has been made to identify the areas with poor housing status. The housing and tenure status in all the areas of the city of Agartala has been shown in the Figure 6-6.



Figure 6-6: Housing and Tenure Status – 2005

6.5. ISSUES

• Slum upgradation and poverty alleviation programs are insufficient to benefit the incremental growth in the slum population, leave alone the backlog.

• Lack of awareness among the people about poverty alleviation programmes. • No capacity for undertaking business ventures. • Spatial Characteristics of Poverty is that neither all BPL population is concentrated in the slum

areas nor the notified slum areas constitute only BPL population. Prioritizing the areas for community upgradation and targeting of the poor for the poverty alleviation programmes, therefore, becomes a critical issue.

• Poor sanitation prevails in the city. Although most of the populations are having toilets in their dwelling but sullage and overflow from septic tank finds their way to open drains.

• Poor drainage and also due to its geographical shape most slum areas gets flooded during monsoon season.

• Solid wastes are dumped in the river.

77... UUUrrrbbbaaannn SSSeeerrrvvviiiccceeesss 77.1. INTRODUCTION

The urban service profile refers to the current state of infrastructure and utility systems in the city. It indicates the adequacy and inadequacy of infrastructure services in terms of coverage, quantity, quality and attempts to identify the factors responsible for inadequate development of infrastructure services. It measures the gap between demand and supply of different infrastructure services, and examines the factors that explain the gap.

7.2. WATER SUPPLY

7.2.1. Introduction

The people of Greater Agartala Planning Area (GAPA) get their water from large and small central water supply sources operated by the Public Health Engineering Department (PHED), private and community wells and the two rivers that run through the city. Although about 70% of the population of the area is served by central water supplies, water is available for only a few hours a day in most parts of the city.

Two agencies are responsible for water supply in the GAPA: PHED and Agartala Municipal Corporation (AMC). PHED is responsible for planning, design and construction of major works, and for operation of the water supply system, while AMC constructs some community water supplies, regulates permits for connections and collection of water tariffs. Routine repairs and replacements are usually carried out as a part of government-funded projects, rather than out of own sources. The service is input-oriented, rather than output-oriented, and chronically short of funds.

Government of Tripura Urban Development Department7-1

7.2.2. Source

The water supply requirement of Agartala is presently met from two sources

• Surface water-Haora River • Ground water- Tube wells

The PHED and Agartala Municipal Corporation caters to around 292000 out of the 423036

persons in the greater Agartala Planning Area. The remaining population of about 131036 gets their water from private and community wells as well as from the rivers. Supply water is available only few hours a day in most part of the city. Residential water consumption from all sources averages to 78 liters per capita per day (lpcpd) and total consumption is about 90


7-2 Government of Tripura Urban Development Department

lpcpd. The statement of the present production is shown in Table 7-1.

Table 7-1: Statement of Present Production S.

No. Particulars Production Capacity (mld)

Present Production (mld)

1. College Tilla water treatment plant 13.5 13.62 2. Bardowali water treatment plant 18 8 3. 41 working tube wells 41 x 1.25 = 51.25 17.83 Total 82.75 39.45

Salient features of the water supply system in Agartala are shown in Table 7-2.

Table 7-2: Salient Features of Water Supply in GAPA, 2005 S. No Particulars Item

1 Water source Haora river & Tube wells 2 Location of existing treatment plant College Tilla (13.5 mld),

Bardowali (18mld) 3 Actual capacity treatment plant (MLD) 31.5 4. Actual capacity of 41 tube well (MLD) 51.25 5. Total capacity (MLD) 82.75 6 Present yield from treatment plant (MLD) 17.83 7. Present yield from tube well (MLD) 21.62 8. Total production (MLD) 39.45 9 Actual quantity reaching consumers (MLD) 25.64

10. UFW (%) 35 11. Number of reservoirs (functioning) 15 12. Total capacity of reservoirs (MLD) 7.98 13 Lean period discharge of Haora river (cumecs) 0.43 14. Present registered consumers 22000 15. Population served with water supply 292000 16. Annual revenue received on water charge (INR million)

(2004-05) 9.1

17. Households with tap in dwelling (%) 74 18.. Residential water consumption (lpcpd) 78 19. Water availability Few hours a day 20 Cost of water (INR per cum) 0.9 21. Priority for improvement 2/5

7.2.3. Reservoirs

A total of 15 zonal reservoirs exist in PHED’s Agartala water supply scheme. The total capacity of the reservoirs is 7.98 million liters, relatively less storage capacity compared to production capacity. However the plate steel tanks in all the locations are in highly dilapidated conditions needs replacement. The Table 7-3 presents a list of existing reservoirs.

Table 7-3: List of Existing Service Reservoirs S. No. Location Type of Reservoir Capacity in ml Type of structure

1. College tilla Zonal 0.68 RCC 2. Professor colony Zonal 0.68 RCC 3. Stadium Zonal 0.68 RCC 4. Stadium Zonal 0.64 Steel 5. Shishu vihar Zonal 0.68 RCC 6. Shishu vihar Zonal 0.64 Steel 7. Bardowali Zonal 0.68 RCC



S. No. Location Type of Reservoir Capacity in ml Type of structure 8. Bardowali Zonal 0.27 Steel 9. AD Nagar Zonal 0.68 RCC 10. Kunja Ban Zonal 0.45 RCC 11. Kunja Ban Zonal 0.27 Steel 12. GB Hospital Zonal 0.27 RCC 13. Health Quarter Zonal 0.64 RCC 14. Health Quarter Zonal 0.27 Steel 15. Charpara zonal 0.45 RCC

Table 7-4 shows the type of structure and total capacity of the existing reservoir

Table 7-4: Reservoir’s Profile S. No. Type of Reservoir Type of structure No of reservoirs Total Capacity in ML

1. Zonal RCC 10 5.89 2. Zonal Plate steel 5 2.09

7.2.4. Distribution

Distribution of water is partly through distribution reservoirs and partly through direct pumping from tube wells. Water from the tube wells with iron removal plants is supplied directly to the distribution system. The supply system suffers from several deficiencies namely:

• non- utilization of optimum capacity of the two treatment plants, • under production from ground water, • ineffective treatment for iron removal, • absence of proper disinfections and, • a high amount of unaccounted for water (UFW), presently about 35% of production.

After collection of water in clear water reservoirs at the two treatment plant sites, water is pumped into 15 distribution reservoirs, with a total of 7.98 ml storage capacity in various zones. In addition, there are 2 underground reservoirs of 1.13 ml capacity, which supply water directly to the distribution system. Water from 41 operating tube wells is also supplied directly to the distribution system, for an average of 5 hours per day. For the remaining hours the tube wells are not operated. The present water supply zones and its components are shown in Figure 7-1.

Discussions with PHED officials and the results of the SES have revealed that at present about 292,000 populations out of the total 423,036 (as per consultant’s estimate) are provided with water under the Agartala water supply system through about 73,000 connections. According to AMC’s records, however, there are only about 22,000 connections. This suggests that either (i) AMC’s records have not yet been updated to reflect connections previously outside the city limits, or (ii) there is substantial under recording of connections. However there is an urgent need to carry out an audit of water connections and update the records.


7-4

Figure 7-1: Existing Water Supply Zones and Components

The groundwater table in many parts of Agartala is only about a meter below ground. Water is therefore available to the residents through a combination of piped systems, shallow and deep tube wells and open wells. In the lean period the water flow in the river Haora reduces up to 0.43 cumecs. Hence there is shortage of water.

Table 7-5: Profile of Central Water Service S. No Item PHED

1. Residential Connections 22000

Government of Tripura Urban Development Department



S. No Item PHED 2. Net population per residential connection 13.27 3. Population Served 292000 4. Percent of City 70 5. HH Water demand lpcpd 90 6. Total demand mld 27.21

7.2.5. Supply

The present water supply to the city is from the Haora River at two locations namely College Tilla and Bardowali. In addition, PHED operates 49 tube wells serving the city and a number of smaller village water supply systems, most sourced by tube wells. Currently 41 tube wells are in working condition. River water is mostly supplied to the central and south zones of the city while the northern and eastern zones along with part of the southern zone get their water supply from the deep tube wells drilled in these areas. Presently the total water production is about 39.45 million liters per day (MLD).

7.2.6. Iron Content

Agartala ground water contains high iron content, about 5 to 7 ppm, necessitating effective iron removal treatment. Presently only aeration is being done hardly for about 5 to 6 minutes in about 11 tube wells before supply. Thus in practical terms, groundwater is being supplied without treatment.

7.3. SEWERAGE AND SANITATION

Agartala has no underground or piped sewerage system at present. Following are the methods commonly used for disposal of wastewater from households, commercial and industrial units:

• Treatment through septic tanks. • Disposal of septic tank effluents through soak pits • Disposal through soak pits without septic tank treatment • Disposal into open channels and natural streams with or without treatment • Disposal into storm water drainage system without any treatment • Disposal of sullage (wastewater from kitchens and bathrooms through open channels or storm

water drainage system) and sewage through Anaerobic digestion pits or open defecation.

Table 7-6: Salient Features of Sanitation Condition in GAPA S. No Particulars Item Comments

1. Toilet in dwelling unit or shared (%) 96.5 SES 2. Pipe to stream or drain (%) 22.66 SES

Among 96.5% only 76.5 % have flush toilets. Rest are pit latrines and communal toilets. Most of the toilets are connected to septic tanks which in turn are connected either to soak pits or drains. Sullage and overflow form the household septic tanks finds its way into the open drains. All these wastes eventually join river Haora and Khata khal, which are highly polluted as per Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) river water quality studies.


7-6

7.4. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

7.4.1. Source

The main waste generating sources are household, institutional, hospitals, marketplace and industries .The daily waste generated in Agartala is about 195 mtpd. Only 45-50% of the total waste is collected.

7.4.2. Collection

In Agartala at present primary collection service is through:-


• street sweeping and • house-to-house waste collection by NGOs.

Street sweeping is focused in densely populated areas in the city like VIP Colony, Secretariat, Rajbari, Capital Complex, Rajbhawan, G.B Hospital complex, Kunjaban and Bhati-Abhoy Nagar areas. The service is not consistent outside the present AMC boundary. This may be largely attributed due to the shortage of sweeping staff available with AMC.

Waste collection wheelbarrow and Containers (Generally used by AMC)

House-to-house waste collection is entirely entrusted to NGO’s due to inadequacy in sweeping staff the. A total of 42 NGOs are active in Agartala to cover nearly 15,000 households (hh) under house-to-house waste collection system. The efficiency of the house-to-house waste collection service by the NGOs depend upon (i) accessibility of the localities, i.e. habitations along the major roads are better serviced, and, (iii) willingness to pay among the participating households.

The waste collection frequency in various areas of GAPA are (i) daily in centrally located areas of GAPA; (ii) every alternate day in the western parts of GAPA; (iii) bi-weekly and weekly collection service is observed at the southern and northern parts of GAPA.

The un-segregated wastes collected from house-to house collection and street sweeping are deposited in mechanized container bins, placed by AMC in different localities. A total of 25 such mechanized container bins are available with AMC. Salient features of the solid waste management in Agartala area are mentioned in the Table 7-7.

Table 7-7: Salient Features of Solid Waste Management in GAPA S. No Particulars Item

1. Total solid waste generated (mtpd) 195 2. Frequency of collection a) Central GAPA Daily b) Western part of GAPA Alternate day c) Southern part and Northern part Bi-weekly and weekly

3. Staff per 2700 population 1-2 sweepers 4. Total no of vehicles 27 5. Existing dumping site Hapania, in Madhupur



S. No Particulars Item 6. operational years of the dumping site 14 years 7. Waste collected (%) 45-50 8. Household with door-to-door collection (%)

With community bins (%) 35.3 14.8

9. Disposal site operations Crude dumping 10 Cost of door to door collection per month (INR) 20 -30 10. Priority for improvement 5/5

7.4.3. Transportation

The accumulated wastes in container bins are transported to the disposal site at Hapania by refuse vehicles. Most of the refuse vehicles with AMC are tippers trucks and dumper placers equipped with hydraulic loading/unloading facilities. The refuse vehicle fleet and their waste transportation capacities are given in Table 7-8. The routing and scheduling of these vehicles is managed by AMC. A total of 27 vehicles are in use for waste collection and transportation to disposal site. In addition 1 loader, 1 JCB robot and 1 bulldozer is available with AMC for cleaning of waste and drain silt accumulated along road. For collection of hospital wastes, 1 mini-truck and 2-auto vans are used.

The average waste carrying capacity of the existing refuse vehicles varies between 4.48cu.m to7.08 cu.m. With this capacity, a total of 277mtpd of waste can be transported daily to the disposal site, if all the vehicles are in use and undertake specified no. of trips as given in Table 7-8. Inadequate waste collection coupled with improper maintenance facility reduces this capacity to a large extent. The quantity of waste actually reaching to the disposal site is less than that is generated or collected. As per AMC’s estimation, the waste reaching to the disposal site is about 90-95 mtpd.

Table 7-8: Refuse Vehicles Fleet of AMC Sl. No.

Type of Vehicle

Registration No.

Year of Purchase

Capacity in cu.m

Working or Non

working

Daily No. of Trips

Distance Covered in

avg.

Loading/ Unloading

1 Tipper (Swaraj Mazda)

TR-01-B 1928 December 2002

4.48 cu.m W 3 65-70 km (avg. 5 days)

Manual/ Hydraulic

2 ” TR-01-B 1927 Do Do W 3 Do Do 3 ” TR-01-B 1929 Do Do W 3 Do Do 4 ” TR-01-B 1930 Do Do W 3 Do Do 5 ” TR-01-B 1931 Do Do W 3 Do Do 6 ” TR-01-B 1932 Do Do W 3 Do Do 7 ” TR-01-B 1933 Do Do W 3 Do Do 8 ” TR-01-B 1934 Do Do W 3 Do Do 9 ” TR-01-B 1935 Do Do W 3 Do Do 10 ” TR-01-B 1936 Do Do W 3 Do Do 11 Tipper

(TATA) TR-01-A 1641 November

1997 5.92 cu.m NW - - -

12 ” TR-01-A 1642 Do Do W 2 86 (5 days avg.)

Do

13 Truck (TATA)

TR-01-A 1639 Do 7.08 cu.m W 2 60-61 (avg. 5 day)

Manual/ Manual

14 Do TR-L 2880 June 1980 5.92 cu.m NW - - -



Sl. No.

Type of Vehicle

Registration No.

Year of Purchase

Capacity in cu.m

Working or Non

working

Daily No. of Trips

Distance Covered in

avg.

Loading/ Unloading

15 Do TR-01-A 1640 November 1997

7.08 cu.m W 2 60-61 (avg. 5 day)

Manual/Manual

16 Mini Truck

TR-01-A 1639 November 1997

4.62 cu.m W 2 52-53 (avg. 5 day)

Do

17 Do TR-01-A 1638 November 1997

4.62 cu.m W 2 Do Do

18 Dumper placer

TR-01-C 1577 January 2003

14.5 cu.m

container once

W 6-8 111-112 km/average.

(5 day)

Hydraulic / Hydraulic

19 Do TR-01-C 1578 Do Do W Do Do Do 20 Do TR-01-C 1581 Do Do W Do Do Do 21 Do TR-01-C 1582 Do Do W Do Do Do 22 Do TR-01-C 1580 Do Do W Do Do Do 23 Do TR-01-C-1579 Do Do W Do Do Do 24 Do TR-01-C-1848 Do Do W Do Do Do 25 Do TR-01-C-1849 Do Do W Do Do Do 26 Do TR-01-C-1850 Do Do W Do Do Do 27 Do TR-01-C-1576 Do Do W Do Do Do

Waste transportation capacity of refuse vehicles per day 462 cu.m i.e. about 277 mtpd

AMC’s estimation of waste transportation per day Source: AMC


7-9

Figure 7-2: Existing Waste Collection Frequency and Collection Routes.

7.4.4. Disposal System

The collected waste is dumped at Hapania, situated in village Madhupur about a kilometer away from the Dr. Ambedkar hospital. The site is accessible by a narrow metalled road that branches off from the Hapania to Gopalpur road. The waste disposal at this site has been in operation for the last 14 years. The crude dumping and burning of waste generates dust, smoke and foul odour posing threat to the surrounding environment and public health.



7-10

Moreover, a chance of leachate generation and subsequent contamination of ground water is also not ruled out. The nearest village is within 50-100m from the site. Till date no attempt has been taken towards improvement of this site.At present there is no waste treatment facility at Hapania. All the collected waste is crudely dumped at the disposal site. Waste Disposal at Hapania


Figure 7-3: Present Coverage of house-to-house Collection by NGOs



7.5. STORM WATER DRAINAGE

7.5.1. Natural Drainage System

Natural drainage of the city can be grouped into three zones: (1) Drainage of the core city area, (2) drainage of the newly developed area on Northern side, (3) drainage of the newly developed area on Southern side.

7.5.2. Review of the existing system

Although GAPA has numerous storm water drains and two major rivers flowing through it, the city suffers from recurrent flood problems. During normal rainfall of about 3-4 hours, the central part of Agartala gets flooded .As per the SES around 24% of the population is affected by floods. Although there is adequate fall in most parts of the city to support a gravity drainage system, some parts of the city are on low-lying land and drainage problem is more evident. The most severe problems arise when a combination of tidal conditions in the Brahmaputra basin and high rainfall cause the waters in the Haora and Katakhal Rivers to be higher than the city.

Several pumps have been provided to lift the water out of the city during these season however flooding remains a problem in many parts of the city. Most of the main drains are masonry -lined, but the feeder drains are earth-lined and in a poor condition with silt and vegetation choking them.

Table 7-9: Salient Features of Drainage Condition in GAPA, 2005 S. No Particulars Item Comments

1 Household reporting flooding (%) 24.6 SES 2. Households reporting stagnant water (%) 17.2 SES 3. Priority for improvement 2/5 SES

Figure 7-4 shows the present drainage system with embankment in GAPA and Figure 7-5 shows the low lying areas of GAPA.


7-12

Figure 7-4: Present Drainage System of Agartala with the Embankment



7-13

Figure 7-5: Low Lying Areas



7-14Government of Tripura Urban Development Department

7.6. TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

Agartala is located on the major corridors of movement, in the West Tripura District of Tripura. Being a capital city it is a center of all political, administrative, cultural and commercial activities. Agartala is situated on the Assam-Agartala-Sabroom Road (NH-44). The surface communication with the rest of the country is only by NH-44, which connects Agartala with Silchar, Guwahati and other towns of Assam. Some major district roads also connect Agartala with other parts of the State.

The primary road network of Agartala city comprises of regional links such as Assam Rifle Road, Ashram Road and Bishalgarh Road as well as other roads like Secretariat Road, J.B Road, AJC Road. The total length of road network is about 30 km long in the city. Figure 7-6 shows the road network of Agartala. The NH-44 passes through the city and is the lifeline of traffic movement. There is no distinct hierarchy of roads that can be observed. About 50% of the road length is revealed to have RoW of 8-10 m and 36% of the road length has more than 10 m RoW. High congestion is seen in some of the traffic nodes due to improper road geometry.

In Agartala pedestrian volumes are very high on major roads. At present foot path on both sides of the road exists on Motor Stand Road, Hariganga Basak Road, Fire Brigade Road, Palace Road, and Gol Bazaar Road. Construction of footpaths and zebra crossing on rest of the roads is needed to ensure segregation of flows and minimize risk of accidents.

The major traffic nodes and activity in GAPA is shown in Table 7-10.

Table 7-10: Major Traffic Nodes Sl. No Location Type of node Description

1. Battola junction Traffic terminal Auto rickshaw parking, bus stand, human encroachment

2. Motor stand junction Traffic terminal Parking of bus truck, auto rickshaw, cars etc

3 State secretariat Work center Major government offices 4 Golmarket Commercial

center The retail and wholesale business area and houses

5 I.G.M. hospital Health center Health center


7-15


Figure 7-6: Existing Road Network of GAPA

7.6.1. Traffic volume

The volume levels recorded vary significantly across spatial frame of city from about 27,000 PCU to 101,900 PCU Of the total length of network about one fifth have recorded peak traffic flows of more than 4,000 PCU. These include Assam Rifle Road and NH-44 which are the main roads. Also high volume of traffic is observed on IGM Hospital road due to commercial activities all along the road.


7-16

The other roads are presently experiencing peak hour traffic volume levels of about 2,000 PCU. This indicates that traffic in the city is fairly distributed on most of the major roads.

Heterogeneous Traffic on Agartala Roads Heterogeneous Traffic on Agartala Roads

On an average day about 90,000 vehicles enter and exit Agartala. Location wise analysis reveals that maximum volume of traffic is on the Bishalgarh road (101,506 vehicles). The modal mix reveals about 65% motorized passenger vehicles, 6% of goods vehicles and 29% of non-motorized vehicles. Two wheelers and cars constitute the maximum portion of passenger traffic. Location wise average and daily and peak hour traffic volume is given in Table 7-11.

Table 7-11: Average Daily and Peak Hour Traffic Volume by Location Traffic volume (In PCU) S.No Name of Road

Total (24 Hr) % Peak 1 Akhora Road 49072 13.6 2 Airport Road 58754 12.9 3 Ashram Chowmani Road 94.386 11.1 4 Assam Rifle Road 89496 13.1 5 G.B Road 50156 8.7 6 AJC Road 39810 10.2 7 Secretariat Road 34043 9.4 8 I.G Hospital Road 119689 12.1 9 Hariganga Basak Road 91914 9.7 10 Bishalgarh Road 152703 9.8 11 Fire Brigade Road 73175 8.7 12 Pratapgarh Road 34043 11.2


Growth rate of different types of vehicles registered in Agartala are given below in Table 7-12.

Table 7-12: Vehicles Registered in Agartala Type of vehicles 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Two Wheelers 22372 24997 28878 32677 37276 43328 LMV car/van/pvt. Jeep 5357 5908 6672 7277 8049 9068 3 wheelers passengers 2554 2828 3141 3816 4666 5157 LMV comm. 4197 4324 4452 4591 4697 5087 3 W Goods 162 172 210 295 439 834 Light Goods/Medium Goods/ Heavy goods 5143 5335 5592 5972 6272 6462 Mini Bus/omni bus 1205 1238 1306 1403 1479 1871

The composition of traffic in certain location is given in Table 7-13.


7-17

Table 7-13: Composition of Traffic (%) at Certain Location Mode Airport Road Ashram

Chowmani Road Bishalghar

Road Two wheelers 24 20 18 Cars 24 14 20 Auto Rickshaws 23 13 21 Buses 5 9 10 Goods Vehicles 5 11 7 Cycle 16 16 12 Cycle Rickshaws 1 16 11 Other Goods 2 1 1

Total 100 100 100

Hourly variation of traffic is presented below Figure 7-7. The maximum peak volumes are observed on Bishalgarh Road and Ashram Chowmani Road. It is revealed that in 16 hours (between 6 am and 10 pm) about 75-80% of total daily traffic uses the road.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

00:00-01:00 02:00-03:00 04:00-05:00 06:00-07:00 08:00-09:00 10:00-11:00 12:00-13:00 14:00-15:00 16:00-17:00 18:00-19:00 20:00-21:00 22:00-23:00

Time Period

Vehi

cles

(no.

)

Bishalgar Road Ashram Chowmauhani Road G.B Road Airport Road


Figure 7-7: Hourly Variations in Traffic

7.6.2. Volume Capacity Ratio

The analysis of volume/capacity ratios reveals that VCR is maximum on the road network in the core areas of the city. On most of the roads the VCR are high. Due to the presence of heterogeneous traffic conditions, the problem of traffic congestion is significant in GAPA. Figure 7-8 shows the Volume Capacity Ratio on primary road network.


7-18

Figure 7-8: Volume Capacity Ratio, on Primary Network, 2005

7.6.3. Pedestrian Traffic at Selected Locations

Pedestrian volume survey conducted at select locations reveal high volumes along and across the roads. Hourly variations of pedestrian flows by location are shown in Figure 7-9.



7-19

Pedestrian Traffic Vol

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

08:00

-09:00

09:00

-10:00

10:00

-11:00

11:00

-12:00

12:00

-13:00

13:00

-14:00

14:00

-15:00

15:00

-16:00

16:00

-17:00

17:00

-18:00

18:00

-19:00

19:00

-20:00

Time Intervel

Pede

stria

n no

s

Fire Brigade Hariganga Motor Stand Chow mini Figure 7-9: Hourly Variation of Pedestrian Volume by Location

From the above table, it can be seen that the pedestrian volumes are quite high. Though footpaths are present on Hariganga Basak Road and Motor Stand Road, they are fully encroached by shopkeepers or by the street hawkers. This phenomenon results in pedestrian movement on the road, thereby reducing its capacity and causing pedestrian and vehicular conflicts. Lack of proper zebra crossing and other pedestrian facilities at the intersections further creates chaotic conditions and raises safety concerns

7.6.4. Parking

Parking is a major problem in Agartala. Sufficient off-street parking spaces are not available in the city. Due to the lack of any authorized and formal parking space, vehicles get parked along the edges of the main city roads, thereby reducing the carriage way of the road. This problem is particularly acute in the areas of Hariganga Basak Road, Netaji Market, Fire Brigade Road and Motor Stand Road. Between the Orient Chowmani and the Jakson Gate, authorized on-street parking area has been provided by the Municipal Corporation to accommodate approximately 30 vehicles however this is not sufficient enough to cater the peak demand.


7.6.5. Speed and accident

The profile of speeds shows that the speed varies from as low as 8 kmph to 24 kmph. Speed profile presents that about 40% of the road length have speed less than 20kmph. This is primarily because of the various heterogeneous conditions like mixing of fast and slow moving vehicles. About 60% of road length has speed varying from 20-30kmph as it mostly include the major regional roads

The accident data, obtained from government records, suggests a declining trend. The number of accidents reported in 2004 was 67 as against 99 in 1991.Although the data is showing a declined trend but the major concern for the city of Agartala is its poor road geometry and also safety for the pedestrian. Comparative motor accident cases recorded in Agartala city are given in Table 7-14.

Table 7-14: Comparative Motor Accident Cases in Agartala City Year Total cases registered Injured Killed 1999 99 95 27


7-20

Year Total cases registered Injured Killed 2000 100 88 17 2001 87 86 18 2002 91 86 18 2003 90 72 14 2004 67 58 8 2005 87 67 21

Source: RTO. Agartala

Figure 7-10: Speed Profile, 2005




7.7. INFRASTRUCTURE GAPS AND FUTURE REQUIREMENTS

a) Water supply

The people of Greater Agartala Planning Area (GAPA) get their water from sources operated by the Public Health Engineering Department (PHED), private and community wells and the two rivers that run through the city. Although about 70% of the population of the area is served by central water supplies, water is available for only a few hours a day in most parts of the city. Based upon the SES, it is estimated that only about 70% of the population of Agartala depend upon centrally provided water supplies. The rest of the population depends upon own wells, community wells, river water etc. Also from the SES, average household consumption at present is estimated at 78 lpcpd.

The rise in per capita water demand may be expected as incomes increase and standards of living improve If, for example, the amount of water used for toilet purposes were to triple, and this would not be unreasonable if a household shifted from use of a soakpit for sanitary waste disposal to a sanitary sewer, and if other water uses were to increase moderately, per capita residential water use could increase to as much as 135 lpcpd, for residential uses, or 165 lpcpd for all uses. These patterns of water consumption are presented in Table 7-15.

Table 7-15: Patterns of Water Consumption Situation/ Purpose

Drinking & Cooking

Dish Washing And Bathing

Clothes Washing Toilet Cleaning of

Floors and Other Total

Present Conditions Percent 20 35 25 15 5 100 Per capita 16 27 19 12 4 78 Projected Conditions Percent 14 30 19 30 7 100 Per capita 19 40 26 40 10 135

The rate of water supply corresponding to population and water demand projections for 2001 – 2041 is shown in Table 7-16. Accordingly the city has to augment the water as per the demand for the future.

Table 7-16: Population and Water Demand Projections 2001- 2041 S. No Year Population Percent Served

% Demand Per capita

(lpcpd) Demand

Total (mld) 1 2001 379,893 65 80 19.75 2 2005 420,969 69 90 26.27 3 2006 431,915 70 90 27.21 4 2011 479,211 80 90 34.5 5 2015 517,041 80 100 41.33 6 2016 526,499 80 110 46.33 7 2021 572,799 82 120 56.36 8 2031 677,972 90 145 88.48 9 2041 802,457 95 165 125.79

b) Sewerage System

Agartala has no underground or piped sewerage system at present. The two rivers, which flow through the city, the Haora River and the Khata Khal River, are



both highly polluted from city wastes. Most wastewaters are generated by residential sources besides hospitals, schools, abattoirs, livestock and industries.

The water supply at Agartala is from Haora river and through ground water. The average per capita water supply in Agartala at present is only about 90 lpcpd for 2005. In a city like Agartala, per capita sewage contribution could be higher considering the fact that the open areas in households are less. This indicates that whatever quantities of water are entering the households; most of the quantity is converted in to waste water excluding some minor losses. On the other hand, it is also a fact that still there are large open lands with comparatively sporadic population densities, at present. These areas are not likely to contribute larger quantities of sewage. Considering all these factors, it has been considered appropriate to adopt 80 % of water supply as sewage contribution. Water supply rates and corresponding per capita quantities of sewage contributions are presented in Table 7-17.

Table 7-17: Water Requirements and sewage contributions from Agartala Planning Area

S. No Year Population Per capita water supply (lpcpd) excluding UFW

Per capita sewage generation

(80 % of per capita water supply)

1 2001 379,893 80 64 2 2005 423,036 90 72 3 2006 431,915 90 72 4 2011 479,211 90 72 5 2015 517,041 100 80 6 2016 526,499 110 88 7 2021 572,799 120 96 8 2031 677,972 145 116 9 2041 802,457 165 132

* UFW: Unaccounted for Water

c) Solid Wastes

The daily waste generated in Agaratala, is about 195 mtpd where only about 45-50% of solid wastes are collected, with the rest being dumped on vacant lands and finding their way into the drains, contributing to the health risks and environmental degradation. The wastes collected from the city are dumped crudely at Hapania, situated in village Madhupur about a kilometer away from the Dr. Ambedkar hospital. The site is accessible by a narrow metalled road that branches off from the Hapania to Gopalpur road. The waste disposal at this site has been in operation for the last 14 years. Till date no attempt has been taken towards improvement of this site.

The waste generation projections have been done for the GAPA. A per capita waste generation of 0.45 kg per day has been considered for population within AMC areas in the year 2005. Considering the strong potential for growth in Agartala, an annual increase of 1.5% in per capita per day waste generation has been considered. The projected waste generation obtained for GAPA is shown in Table 7-18.



Table 7-18: Waste Generation Projections for GAPA Years 2006 2011 2021 2031 2041

Population 431915 479211 572799 677972 802457 Waste Generated (mtpd) 198 231 304 398 512

Considering the waste generation patterns and physico-chemical characteristics of waste in Agartala till 2041, the capacity of the compost plant required has been analyzed. The waste generation pattern and biodegradable fraction are given in Table 7-19.

Table 7-19: Waste Collection and Disposal Pattern in GAPA (2006-2041) 2006 2011 2021 2031 2041

Population 431915 479211 572799 677972 802457 Waste Generated (mtpd) 198 231 304 398 512 Percent Collected 50 65 70 75 80 Total Collection (mtpd) 99 150 213 298 409 Biodegradable (%) 60 60 60 60 60 Biodegradable (mtpd) 60 90 128 179 246 Treatment plant capacity of compost production (mtpd)

0 80 (considering Hapania and the

Paschim Noabadi

compost plant)

100 (augmentation of Hapania Plant to

50 mtpd)

150(augmentation of Paschim

Noabadi plant to 100 mtpd plant)

150

Rejects disposed (70% of biodegradable fraction) in mtpd

60 63 70 95 150

Waste disposed in cu.m (per day)

100 105 117 158 250

Waste disposed in cu.m

(per year) 36500 38325 42705 57670 91250

Table 7-20: Rejects Generation (2006 – 2041)

2006- 2011 2011-2021 2021-2031 2031-2041 Total Volume of rejects in cu.m 187062 405105 501875 744600 1838642 Compacted rejects in cu.m (with compaction of 150%)

124708 270070 334583 496400 1225761

The Hapania compost plant shall be in operation from 2006. In addition, a compost plant of 50-mtpd capacities at Paschim Noabadi has been proposed. The operational improvements proposed indicate a generation of 90 mtpd of biodegradable fraction by 2011. For complete treatment of this organic fraction a composting facility of at least 100-125 mtpd shall be required. However, it is recommended that the improvement be limited to 80 mtpd (till 2011) for the following reasons:

• expertise available with AMC for handling a compost plant of 100mtpd capacity is not known • efficiency of waste collection of AMC to be evaluated; • marketability of composts to be evaluated through a feasibility study and • expansion of a compost plant is not a difficult task.

Beyond 2011, it is proposed that the capacity of existing compost plant at Hapania be augmented to 50 mtpd for better operational efficiencies. Beyond 2031, the capacity of Paschim Noabadi compost plant can be augmented to 100 mtpd

The proposed augmentation of the compost plants based upon the physico-chemical characteristics reveals that the quantity of disposable rejects generated till 2041 is = 1225761 cu.m. The areas thus required to accommodate the quantity



of rejects generated till 2041 is = 1225761cu.m/5m= 245152m2= 24.51 ha (approx). The total land available at both the disposal sites is about 28.25 ha. This is therefore sufficient to accommodate the rejects waste generated till 2041.

The land requirement to accommodate the reject generated till 2021 shall be=394,778/5=7.89 Ha.

Table 7-21: Land Requirement for Landfill Site Year Population Waste generated cu.m Area required

Till 2021 572,799 394778 7.89 Ha Till 2041 802,457 1225761 24.51 Ha

d) Transportation

The roads are severely congested in various parts of the city of Agartala. Some of the busy traffic nodes are Battola Junction; motor stand junction, Gol market, I.G.M. hospital and state secretariat. On street parking further aggravates the capacity of the road. In major traffic junction footpaths are not available and pedestrian safety becomes a concern. The NH 44 passes through the city and is the lifeline of traffic movement. There is no distinct hierarchy of roads that can be observed.

A wide variation in the nature of the parking demand was observed at different parking locations. The majority of parking demand has been observed to be for passenger vehicles especially two wheelers. Due to slow speed and high parking space requirement, cycle rickshaws are considered as the primary causes of congestion in Agartala. The cycle rickshaws get parked on roadside in the absence of any formal parking lot, causing further obstructions to traffic movement.

The location wise peak parking demand reveals that the demand for parking varies from about 150 to 600 ECS.

Table 7-22: Location wise Peak Parking Demand Total S.

No. Location

Description Cars/ Jeep Auto Cycle

Rickshaw

Two Wheelers Others

Pass Buses LCVs

Other Goods

Vehicles Veh. ECS

1 Netaji Chowmani to Post Office

3 - 515 145 - - - - 663 425

2 Hariganga Basak Road

73 52 500 52 17 25 5 1 725 602

3 Motor Stand 21 24 660 110 - 4 - - 819 573 4 Fire Brigade

Road 6 17 129 32 4 8 - - 196 152

5 Palace Road To NEDFi Office

10 8 175 38 - - - - 231 157

6 Gol Bazar Area

4 2 450 32 - - 12 24 524 423

Parking surveys have been conducted on various sections of roads in the city of Agartala. However, based on the identified locations for off-street parking, the analysis for the parking demand and the impact of off street parking spaces on the operational efficiency of the roads have been undertaken. The parking demand as assessed by location and time period are given in Table 7-23.



Table 7-23: Parking Demand on Identified Location (Peak hour in ECS) Road Stretch 2005 2011 2016 2021

Gole Bazar 30 47 66 92 Netaji Market to H B Road 59 92 129 180 Motor Stand 91 143 200 278 Total 180 282 396 550

The peak hour factor for parking demand has been taken as 10%.

There is a dearth of off-street parking space in the Central Business District area. There is on-street parking along roads, which occupies 6 m or even more of the carriageway. This, if relieved, would increase the present speeds of about 18 km per hour to as much as 45 km per hour, which in turn would result in substantial time savings. It is even observed in the city that, during peak time, the vehicles need to travel an extra distance, and spend extra time to find a suitable parking space. As captured from the survey, these values by mode are shown in Table 7-24 which reveals that there is immediate need for organized parking space in the city

Table 7-24 Mode Extra Travel Distance Extra Travel Time (Min.)

Cars 2 km 10 Taxi 2 km 10 Two-wheeler 2 km 10


88... UUUrrrbbbaaannn EEEnnnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll SSSttaaatttuuusss 8 t8.1. INTRODUCTION

Agartala, the capital of Tripura, is situated along 23° 45’- 23° 55’ N latitude and 91°15’- 91°20’ E longitude, in the flood plains of the Haora River. The National Highway (NH)-44 connects Agartala with Silchar, Guwahati and other towns of Assam. Agartala is connected by air links to rest of the country.

8.2. PHYSICAL RESOURCES

8.2.1. Terrain

The city of Agartala has an altitude of 1280 metres. The erstwhile AMC area, the central portion of the city is located in a area lower than the surroundings. The central portion of the city is shaped like a saucer. The central portion is bounded by the rivers Haora in the south and Katakhal in the north. Due to its saucer shape, the city is vulnerable to recurrent flooding during monsoons. The city is located in seismic zone V. Agartala has an undulating topography towards both southern and northern side of the central Agartala.

8.2.2. Climate

Agartala experiences tropical monsoon and the region come under the tropic of Cancer. The seasons can be divided mainly into 3 (three) viz. winter from November to February, summer from March to May and Rainy season from June to September. Normally, the temperature ranges between 4.20 c and 37.6° c on the average.

8.2.3. Geology

The state of Tripura exhibit an wide array of sedimentary rocks characteristics of marine-mixed-fluvia type origin ranging age from upper most Oligocene (38 million years from present time) to Recent period. Tectonically, the region now comprises a series of sub-parallel arquate, elongated, doubly plunging folds arrange in north south direction. Geologically, the area is occupied by the folded sedimentary formations ranging in age from lower Tertiary to Recent.

8.2.4. Soils

The plains of Haora River are alluvial in nature consisting of sand, silt and clay. These flat lands are extremely fertile due to annual flooding and are very good for paddy, jute, rabi crops etc.

8.2.5. Seismicity of the Northeastern Region

Northeastern region of India extending to the Himalayan arc in the north and Burmese arc to the east is among the most seismically active regions of the world. The entire Northeast India has been placed in the severe most zone (ZONE V) of the seismic hazard map of India published by Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) as shown in Figure 8-1. Earthquakes here are generally shallow but some


8-2

intermediate focus events have also occurred. The 15 August 1950 "Independence Day" earthquake located at Indo-China Border Region (28.70N 96.60E) was the 6th largest earthquake1 of the 20th century. The high seismicity in the region is attributed to the collision tectonics between the Indian plate and Eurasian plate in the north and subduction tectonics along the Indo-Myanmar range (IMR) in the east. Figure 8-2 shows the major earthquakes of magnitude more than or equal to 5.0, documented in the region from historical data or recorded data.

Figure 8-1: Seismic Hazard Map of India (BIS) Figure 8-2: Earthquakes in NE India

Agartala, the capital city of the Tripura state was originally a marshy land at the confluence of Kata Khal, Haora River and the major tributary to the Meghna river in Bangladesh. Agartala lies in zone – V of seismic hazard map. The major seimo-tectonic feature causing Agartala vulnerable is the Dauki Fault which follows the international border of India and Bangladesh in Meghalaya passing through northern sections of Tripura. The other major threat is from the Madhupur Fault in Bangladesh.


No major earthquake of magnitude greater than 6 has occurred in Tripura in recorded history, though the largest in nearby part of the Bengal, was of magnitude 7.4 across the border in the Kishorganj-Mymensingh area of Bangladesh (often referred to as the Srimangal, Assam earthquake) in 1918.

Figure 8-3 shows the earthquake hazard map of Tripura and the location of Agartala show its vulnerability. Even though the city is not threatened by landslide hazard like other project cities, the built-up environment has encroached upon areas susceptible to liquefactions, which is a cause of major concern. All the proposed installation should have adequate in-built earthquake resistant provisions against wave propagation hazard aggravated by amplification of loose alluvium, looking at the regional seismo tectonic setting of the city.

1 Though it hit in a mountainous region along India's international border with China, 1500 people were killed and the drainage of the region was greatly affected.


8-3

Figure 8-3: Tripura: Earthquake Hazard Map


Figure 8-4 presents the active fault lines and tectonic setting in the Greater Agartala Planning Area (GAPA).

The Greater Agartala Planning Area is within a broad syncline known as the Agartala syncline, the axis of which runs south west of the Planning Area. It is flanked by the two tightly folded sub-parallel and arcuate anticlines viz., Baramura in the east and Rokhia in the west - their anticlinal axes trending N-S. The Agartala dome, a subsurface high, is located south-south west of the city. The synclinal valley is filled with alluvium and Upper Dupitila sediments which is dominantly argillaceous with high proportion of clay.

There is no apparent development control to mitigate earthquake disaster in the event of subsidence caused by liquefied soil. Prior to construction of any new development facilities, detailed geo-technical investigation shall be required to be


8-4

carried out to work out measures to mitigate earthquake disaster in the event of sudden caused by liquefied soils.

The current development control instrument should have provision for mandatory geotechnical investigation for liquefaction potential study and all low lying marshy land should be adequately improved after reclamation using proper ground improvement technique before creating any built environment.

Figure 8-4: Geology and Tectonic Setting of the Greater Agartala Planning Area



8-5

8.2.6. Drainage

Natural drainage of the city can be grouped into three zones: (1) Drainage of the core city area, (2) drainage of the newly developed area on Northern side, (3) drainage of the newly developed area on Southern side.


Figure 8-5: Present Scenario of Drainage System of Agartala with the Embankment

The drainage system of Greater Agartala is dominated by two major rivers Haora and Katakhal, which drains the core area of the city (refer Figure 8-5). These two rivers flow westward into Bangladesh. In terms of catchment area, Haora River is the seventh largest in the Tripura and is the only source of surface water for Greater Agartala. The river originating from the eastern side of the Baramura



range flows westerly through the alluvial plains and passes by the southern embankment of the capital city of Agartala before finally flowing down into Bangladesh. The flow length of the river is 53 km in the Indian Territory and basin area is 570 Sq.Km. The annual flow of this river is 36,032 m3.

8.2.7. Ground Water

Surveys carried out by the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) reveal that the aquifer system in the Agartala valley possesses good potential2. The depth of the water table in both pre monsoon and post monsoon seasons range between 2-6 m with net seasonal fluctuations ranging between 1-2 m. In Greater Agartala, the depth of water level for shallow aquifer was observed to be in the range between 1 to 5 mbgl, while the depth to water level in the deeper aquifers was observed between 1 to 7 mbgl. The pattern of pre-monsoon water table contours in Agartala valley reveals that the master slope of the ground water is towards West. Hydrological surveys revealed that the valleys of Tripura have three to four major aquifers within 259m in depth.

8.3. WATER QUALITY

8.3.1. Surface Water Quality

The results of analysis of the physico-chemical characteristics along 6 monitoring locations along river Haora3 is presented in the Table 8-1. The water quality in river Haora can be classified as Class D.

Table 8-1: Surface Water Quality of Haora River Sl No Parameters Mohan-

pur Chandra-

pur Arali

a Gandhi-

ghat Dashmi-

ghat Rajna-

gar Standard (CPCB)

1 Temperatures (0C) 29 28 29 29 31 30 - 2 Velocity (m/s) 0.53 0.48 0.31 0.31 0.26 0.17 - 3 Discharge (m3/s) 3.07 4.39 19.6 6.26 7.16 2.07 - 4 Total Suspended Solid

(mg/l) 20 30 24 64 36 26 -

5 Total Dissolved Solid (mg/l) 106 88 98 100 104 98 500 6 Volatile Solid(mg/l) 70 62 67 58 66 64 - 7 Fixed Dissolved Solid

(mg/l) 36 26 31 42 38 34 -

8 pH 7.85 7.41 7.36 7.52 7.30 7.32 6.5-8.5 9 Colour (1/m) 2.1 3.7 6 6.2 6.2 3.6 10 10 Turbidity (NTU) 14 22 36 44 33 27 - 11 Conductivity (µ mho/cm) 171 129 141 129 133 133 - 12 Alkalinity (mg/l) 91.96 68.97 73.57 66.67 68.97 71.27 - 13 DO (mg/l) 7.16 6.84 5.83 4.21 3.8 3.13 6 14 BOD (mg/l) 2.4 3.8 4.66 7.31 19.11 17.34 3 15 COD (mg/l) 9 11 19 23 33 18 - 16 Total Coliform MPN/100 ml 210 460 750 1350 1800 1600 500 17 Sulphate (mg/l) 8.8 9.2 9.7 9.9 8.98 9.5 400 18 Hardness (mg/l) 78.4 68.6 58.8 53.9 63.7 58.8 300 19 Calcium (mg/l) 15.72 11.79 11.79 9.82 11.79 9.82 - 20 Magnesium (mg/l) 9.53 9.53 7.15 7.15 8.34 8.34 - 21 Oil & Grease (mg/l) 7 4 Nil Nil 4 3 - 22 Phosphate (mg/l) 0.016 0.020 0.034 0.015 0.030 0.018 -

2 The yield prospects within the West Tripura district including Agartala City ranges between 5-20 cu m per hour for shallow zones (at 30-50mbgl) and 50-200cu m per hour for deep zones (50-200mbgl). 3 As monitored by the Tripura State Pollution Control Board in 2004.



Sl No Parameters Mohan-

pur Chandra-

pur Arali

a Gandhi-

ghat Dashmi-

ghat Rajna-

gar Standard (CPCB)

23 Arsenic (mg/l) Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 0.05 24 Chloride (mg/l) 4.78 4.78 4.78 4.78 4.78 4.78 250 Source: Tripura State Pollution Control Board

The analysis of the results is mentioned below:

• Temperature: Water temperature showed variation at different sites. Minimum temperature recorded 28oC at Chandrapur whereas the maximum temperature recorded was 31oC at Dashamighat.

• pH: The pH value of water samples of Haora river were within the standard limit. Observed pH values ranged from 7.30 to 8.05 at different stations. Maximum pH value (8.05) was found at Mohanpur and minimum pH value (7.30) was found at Dashamighat.

• Conductivity: There were variations of conductivity observed at different study points. The maximum value (171 �mhos / cm) was observed at Mohanpur while the minimum value was at Gandhighat (129 �mhos / cm).

• Turbidity: Turbidity showed a wide variation at all the study points. The minimum value observed was 14 NTU at Mohanpur and maximum was 44 NTU at Gandhighat

• Colour: The colour of water samples of Haora river were within the standard limit. The observed values ranged from 2.1 1/m to 6.2 1/m at different stations.

• Total Suspended Solid: The value of Total Suspended Solid ranged from 20 mg/l to 64 mg/l at different stations. The maximum value of TSS (64 mg/l) was observed at Gandhighat.

• Total Dissolved Solid: In contrast to total suspended solid, fluctuations in total dissolved solid showed a narrow variation at different sites of the river system. The maximum & minimum values of total dissolved solid were 110 mg/l & 104 mg/l at Mohanpur and Dashmighat respectively.

• Alkalinity: The maximum alkalinity was observed at Mohanpur (91.96 mg/l) and the minimum alkalinity was found at Gandhighat (66.67 mg/l).

• Dissolved Oxygen: It was found that the DO of Mohanpur (7.16 mg/l) and Chandrapur (6.84 mg/l) were above the standard limit (6 mg/l) whereas the observed value of DO at Aralia (5.83 mg/l), Gandhighat (4.21 mg/l), Dashamighat (3.8 mg/l) and Rajnagar (3.13 mg/l) were below the standard limit.

• Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand: With exception of the water sample of Mohanpur, the Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) values of all the stations exceed the standard limit (3 mg/l). The maximum BOD value (19.11 mg/l) was found at Dashamighat.

• Chemical Oxygen Demand: The maximum COD was observed at Dashamighat (33 mg/l) and the minimum COD value was observed at Mohanpur (9 mg/l).

• Total Coliform: The bacteriological contamination (Total Coliform) at most of the stations of Haora River except Mohanpur, exceeded the permissible limit (500 MPN/100 ml). Total Coliform showed wide variations at all the study points and it ranged from 210 MPN/100 ml to 1800 MPN/100 ml. .

• Sulphate: The observed Sulphate content of the water samples of all the stations ranged from 8.8 mg/l to 10.46 mg/l which were much lower than the standard limit (400 mg/l).

• Total Hardness: Total Hardness of the water sample of Haora River was within the standard limit (300 mg/l). The maximum value of Hardness was found at Mohanpur (78.4 mg/l) and minimum value was found at Gandhighat (53.9 mg/l).

• Calcium: Calcium in water samples of Haora river were within the standard limit (75 mg/l). The maximum value of Calcium was found at Mohanpur (15.72 mg/l) and minimum value was at 9.82 mg/l at Gandhighat & Rajnagar (Border area) respectively.

• Chlorides: The Chloride content of the water samples of all the stations was much below the standard limit (250 mg/l).

• Arsenic: Arsenic is absent in the water samples of all the stations of Haora River. • Oil & Grease: Oil & Grease were found at Mohanpur (7 mg/l), Chandrapur (4 mg/l),

Dashamighat (4 mg/l) and Rajnagar (3 mg/l). Oil & Grease content were nil at Gandhighat and Aralia.

8.3.2. Ground Water Quality

The analysis4 of ground water quality (in terms of physical characteristics, mineral constituents, toxic metals and organic load) at Dukli within Greater Agartala

4 Central Ground Water Board had carried out analysis of ground water samples at 4 stations in West Tripura district during October-November 1997 and March-June 2001.



indicated that TDS, TSS, Chloride, Fluoride, Sulphate were within the permissible limit; the same is applicable for Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium and Chromium; BOD, COD, Oil and Grease, Phenolic Compounds were also within the prescribed limits. The ground water quality indicates that it is suitable both for drinking and irrigation purposes. A comparison of the water quality between 1997 and 2001 indicates that even though Conductivity, TDS, pH, Hardness, Magnesium, Alkalinity and Nitrate have remained low, the Iron content has significantly increased in the water samples.

8.4. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

A comparison of the Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) monitored5 between 1997 and 2001 indicate a slight increase in the SPM and Lead levels at Agartala Motor Stand. NOx level has also shown an increase over the period 1997 to 2001 for the stations at Agartala Motor Stand, Radhanagar Bus Stand and Jirania-Kunjaban showing the influence of increased vehicular population (Table 8-2).However the air quality at all these locations are within the permissible limits.

Table 8-2: Ambient Air Quality - Agartala SPM (µg/m3) RPM (µg/m3) SO2 (µg/m3) NOx (µg/m3) Pb (µg/m3) Location

1997 2001 1997 2001 1997 2001 1997 2001 1997 2001 Agartala Motor Stand

420.02 461.63 400.10 137.4 30.68 2.83 51.38 136.4 0.36 0.61

Dukli Industrial Estate

149.09 84.70 NA 38.07 14.64 7.10 29.97 23.53 BDL 0.52

Jirania – Kunjaban 142.31 48.87 NA 20.43 12.14 9.00 30.04 86.47 BDL 0.36 Radhanagar Bus Stand

327.72 142.97 NA 34.00 18.54 5.80 39.09 65.20 BDL 0.26

Standards Annual Avg.

24 hourly

Annual Avg.

24 hourly

Annual Avg.

24 hourly

Annual Avg.

24 hourly

Annual Avg.

24 hourly

Industrial Areas 360 500 70 100 80 120 80 120 1.0 1.5 Residential, Rural and Other Areas

140 200 60 100 60 80 60

80 0.75 1.0

Sensitive Areas 70 100 50 75 15 30 15 30 0.50 0.75 Note: Annual Average: Annual Arithmetic Mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24-hourly at uniform interval. 24 Hours Average: 24-hourly/8-hourly values should be met 98% of the time in a year. However 2% of the time, it may exceeded but not two consecutive days Source: Tripura State Pollution Control Board

8.5. AMBIENT NOISE LEVELS

Major noise level can be attributed to motor vehicles, industrial works, air-horn and loudspeakers. Ambient noise level was significantly higher in commercial, residential and industrial areas (including silence zone) in Agartala. The data collected by Tripura State Pollution Control Board during 2002 and 2003 is presented in Table 8-3.

Table 8-3: Noise Levels – Agartala (2002 - 2003) Noise Levels in dB (A) Sl.

No Station 2002 2003

A) During Day Time 1 G B Bazar 67 68 2 Astabal 64 70

5 By the Tripura State Pollution Control Board as part of the National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (NAAQM) program.



Noise Levels in dB (A) Sl. No Station

2002 2003 3 Lichu Bagan 64 62 4 Capital Complex 55 60 5 Gurkhabasti 58 62 6 G B Hospital 60 62 B) During Night Time 1 Motor Stand 60 67 2 Jackson Gate 61 67 3 RMS Chowmuhani 58 67 4 Battala 58 65 5 Drop Gate 56 62 6 IGM Hospital 57 62 Source: Tripura State Pollution Control Board

8.6. ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES

The State of Tripura falls under Indo-Chinese Tropical Moist forest area and is characterized by semi-ever green rain forests and moist deciduous forests. However, there are no designated forest areas or sanctuaries6 within Greater Agartala boundaries.

Box 8-1: Methodology for Evaluation of Biodiversity

The following methodology was adopted for the evaluation of the biodiversity:

• Biodiversity profile of the cities were done on the basis of the secondary sources, including research documents, reports, forest departments and major initiatives taken by the Government of India, (1) BCPP (Biodiversity conservation Prioritization Project) (2) state BSAP under the NBSAP (National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan),

• Identification of the site declared as conservation site. • Visit to the locations where interventions are expected under the project • Study and biodiversity evaluation of the sites: covering plant species (trees, herbs and shrubs) • Type of the ecosystem in the site of intervention • The evaluation was done by line transect method, • List of plant species and list of medicinal plants • Assessment of the strength plant biodiversity in terms of Relative Dominance, relative

frequency, Shannon diversity (H), Whittaker’s measure ( β-diversity) etc. Species richness (α- diversity)

• Fauna of the class mammals and birds, as these are indicator “taxa” of terrestrial ecosystem.

8.6.1. Biodiversity

The Tripura State Biodiversity Action Plan has identified pockets of rich biodiversity as conservation hotspots. None of the identified hotspots are located within the Greater Agartala boundaries. (See Figure 8-6). While a number of endangered primate species are found within Tripura state, none of them are reported within Greater Agartala. There are no designated forest areas or sanctuaries within Greater Agartala boundaries. The closest site identified as a protected area, is the Shipahijala Wildlife Sanctuary7, which is 28 km from GAPA.

6 The “Shipahijala Wild Life Sanctuary “situated in Bishalgarh Development Block, is located at a distance of 28 km from the city. The sanctuary covers an area of 18.53 sq km, and possesses rich diversity of wild life particularly birds (migratory birds during winter seasons) and primates. Interventions within the Project City are not expected to have any effect on the Sanctuary. 7 The “Shipahijala Wild Life Sanctuary “situated in Bishalgarh Development Block, is located at a distance of 28 km from the city. The sanctuary covers an area of 18.53 sq km, and possesses rich diversity of wild life particularly birds (migratory birds during winter seasons) and primates. Interventions within the Project City are not expected to have any effect on the Sanctuary.


8-10

Figure 8-6 presents the priority sites in Tripura. There are no priority sites within or nearby GAPA. The important floral species found in Agartala and their significance is highlighted in Table 8-4.

Table 8-4: Importance Floral Species Plant Species Importance

Aquillaria malacomsis (Agar Tree) The name Agartala originated from this tree. It is of high economic value.

Aboroma augusta (Ulat kambal) Endangered species Psidium guineensa A shrub, the only species found in India, is in Agartala Bambusa affinis Unique bamboo species (for fishing rod, javelin pole) Source: Forest Department, Govt. of Tripura


Figure 8-6: Biodiversity Priority Sites in Agartala



8.6.2. Phyto Diversity within Agartala

A phyto diversity survey was carried out at the following identified locations in Agartala.The plants and trees in these areas, as identified during the survey are presented in Table 8-5. Besides species-richness and density components, the diversity and evenness components of the plant communities were also measured. Diversity was measured using the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index, and evenness with the Evenness index, calculated using the following formulae:

Shannon-Wiener Index of Diversity, H = -Σ pi log pi Where, pi = ni/N, ni = number of individuals of the ith species, N = total number of individuals of all the species

Evenness Index, J = H/Hmax Where H= Shannon-Wiener Index of Diversity Hmax = Log S, where S = number of species

The indices were employed to get a comprehensive, easily comparable, and quantitative estimate of the diversity and degree of evenness (i.e., uniformity) of the plant community. The key characteristics of these locations are presented in Table 8-5.



Table 8-5: Phyto Diversity at Various Locations within Agartala

Characteris-tics

Bardowali (Water

treatment plant)

Nagichara (solid waste

disposal site)

College Tilla

(Water treatment

plant)

Paschim Noabadi

(solid waste

disposal site)

Haora River (Replacement

of Wooden Bridge

Kunjaban (IRP)

FCI (Truck Terminus)

Pratapgarh (IRP)

Hapania (Solid Waste disposal

site)

Bitarban (Sewage treatment

plant)

Matripalli (IRP)

Jaipur (Katakhal river

1- Replacement

of wooden bridge

Jaipur (Katakhal river 2- Replacement of wooden bridge)

Joynagar (Iron

Removal Plant)

Tree species (no)

6 8 8 7 9 4 7 4 8 4 6 6 4 5

Shrubs & herbs (no)

34 30 29 27 22 22 34 34 34 23 29 22 21 19

Relative dominance Highest (species)

247.099 Psidium guajava

29.632 Gmelina arborea

41.458 Albizzia procera

36.033 Toona ciliata


62.684 Zizyphus mauritiana

30.991 Cassia fistula


34.154 Erythrina indica

38.239 Dillenia indica


35.175 Tectona grandis

52.802 Medda tree

26.624 Artocarpus heterophyllus,

Lowest (species)

26.025 Carica papaya

0.65 Oryxylum indicum

Olea europea 3.807

1.367 Aqualaria agallocha

1.733 Moringa olifera.

8.443 Syzium spp

1.477 Psidium guajava.

4.410 Oroxylum indicum.

1.808 Moringa olifera

12.887 Coccus nucifera

57.168 Aegle marmelos

6.427 Zizyphus mauritiana.

7.747 Barun tree.

3.309 Aegle marmelos.

Relative density Highest (species)

22 Psidium guajava, Annona squamosa and Zizyphus mauritiana

32 Gmelina arborea

27 Albizzia procera

22.22 Toona ciliata and Trewia nudiflora

29 Gmelina arborea


27 Tectona grandist

40 Gmelina arborea

26 Gmelina arborea

38 Coccus nucifera

33 Gmelina arborea

29 Tectona grandis

36 Medda tree

36 Coccus nucifera,

Lowest (species)

11 Nyctanthes arorestris, Atrocarpus heterophyllus and carica papaya

4 Melia azedarach, Oryxylum indicum, and Artocartus heterophyllus

9 6 species

11.11 5 species

4 Moringa olifera.

11.11 two species

9 four species

10 Oroxylum indicum

4 Moringa olifera

13 Mangifera indica.

11 4 species

6 Zizyphus mauritiana

9 Ficus religiosa.

9 Aegle marmelos

Relative frequency Highest (species)

20 Psdium guajava and Annona squamosa

80 Gmelina arborea

20 Toona ciliata and Albizzia procera

20 Toona ciliata

50 Gmelina arborea

30 Psidium guajava

20 2 species

30 Gmelina arborea

50 two species

20 two species

20 Gmelina arborea

40 Tectona grandis

30 Medda tree

30 Coccus nucifera,

Lowest (species)

10 4 species

10 five species

10 six species

10 6 species.

10 4 species

10 2 species

10 5 species

10 2 species

10 3 species

10 2 species

10 5 species

10 2 species

10 Ficus religiosa.

10 three species

IVI value Highest (species)



88.73 Albizzia procera

78.26 Toona ciliata



69.17 Cassia fistula


102.67 Erythrina indica.




119.17 Medda tree

80.56 Coccus nucifera,

Lowest (species)

47.14 Carica papaya


22.90 Olea europea

22.48) Aqualaria agallocha


29.55 Syzium spp.

20.57 Psidium guajava.

34.41 Oroxylum indicum


46.75 Mangifera indica .


22.31 Zizyphus mauritiana.

29.70 Ficus religiosa.


Stocking value



Characteris-tics

Bardowali (Water

treatment plant)

Nagichara (solid waste

disposal site)

College Tilla

(Water treatment

plant)

Paschim Noabadi

(solid waste

disposal site)

Haora River (Replacement

of Wooden Bridge

Kunjaban (IRP)

FCI (Truck Terminus)

Pratapgarh (IRP)

Hapania (Solid Waste disposal

site)

Bitarban (Sewage treatment

plant)

Matripalli (IRP)

Jaipur (Katakhal river

1- Replacement

of wooden bridge

Jaipur (Katakhal river 2- Replacement of wooden bridge)

Joynagar (Iron

Removal Plant)

Highest (species)



0.833 Albizzia procera)

0.472 Toona ciliata



0.282 cassia fistula


1.843 Erythrina indica




0.875 Medda tree

0.321 Moringa olifera marmelos.

Lowest (species)

0.153 Carica papaya


0.077 Olea europea

0.018 Aqualaria agallocha.


0.035 Syzium spp.


0.058 Oroxylum indicum.


0.114 Coccus nucifera



0.128 Barun tree


Trees Shannon diversity index (H)

1.74 1.79 1.97 1.89 2.05 1.21 1.85 1.28 1.92 1.32 1.68 1.68 1.29 1.52

Evenness index (E)

0.97 0.83 0.95 0.97 0.93 0.88 0.95 0.92 0.92 0.95 0.94 0.94 0.93 0.94

Simpson’s Index

0.083 0.172 0.073 0.052 0.116 0.250 0.019 0.22 0.134 0.179 0.11 0.154 0.218 0.164

Species richness or α- diversity

6.28 5.52 7.68 7.33 6.52 4.19 6.72 4 5.58 4.42 6.28 4.87 3.84

β- diversity (Whittaker’s measure)

-0.333 -0.714 -0.73 -0.222 -0.625 -0.556 -0.364 -0.600 -0.704 -0.500 -0.333 -0.647 -0.636 -0.545

Shrubs and herbs Shannon diversity index (H)

3.06 2.90 3.04 3.00 2.85 2.49 2.98 2.99 3.02 2.64 2.78 2.85 2.59 2.45

Evenness index (E)

0.91 0.91 0.96 0.96 0.95 0.86 0.89 0.89 0.90 0.91 0.87 0.95 0.90 0.91

Simpson’s Index

0.053 0.065 0.051 0.052 0.060 0.140 0.060 0.058 0.058 0.081 0.072 0.060 0.087 0.094

β- diversity (Whittaker’s measure)

-0.922 -0.929 -0.936 -0.919 -0.934 -0.916 -0.903 -0.935 -0.920 -0.931 -0.919 -0.934 -0.892 -0.936

Timber Yeilding trees

Cedrella toona, Gmelina arborea, Tectona grandis, Albizzia procera.

Toonaciliata, and Albizzia procera

Toona ciliata

Gmelina arborea, Albizzia spp and Artocarpus heterophyllus.

Tectonagrandis

Cedrella toona and Gmelina arborea

Albizzia procera,Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea .

Albizzia procera and Gmelina arborea .

Tectona grandis and Barrintonia acutingilla .

Barrintonia acutingilla .



The key findings of the biodiversity assessment in Agartala are as follows:

• The diversity in terms of flora is not significant, and the indices reveal that all locations fall short of that a primary forest.

• The trees are mostly timber yielding. While there exist some species in locations away from the inhabited areas, that are important, they are not unique.

• In none of the project locations, rare/endangered tree/plant species have been identified that need to be taken up for conservation or special protection in the project.

• However, it is included in the mitigation measures to minimize loss and clearance of vegetation shall be complied with to ensure loss of vegetation.

8.6.3. Aquatic Fauna

The richness in terms of aquatic diversity in the major surface water courses, i.e. the Haora and Katakhal, within the Agartala city limits has dwindled8, and is largely attributed to the direct discharges of domestic wastes into these water courses. Though not significant in terms of diversity, the following important local fish varieties are found within the watercourses and ponds of Greater Agartala (Table 8-6). Of these some of the varieties of Pabda have been declining due to changing water quality and heavy silt load.

Table 8-6: Fish Species Sl. No. Fish Species

1 Heteronestis fossilis (Singhi) 2 Clarius batracus (Magur) 3 Pungtius spp 4 Emphringodo mola (Moka mas) 5 Notopterus notopterus 6 Chnna spp 7 Masta ammatus 8 M. cembalus 9 Mastacembalus punclus 10 Khalisa vasiata (ornamental fishes) 11 Rosbora deninconus (Darkina) 12 Ompok Pabda (Pabda group) 13 Mistus spp. 14 Wallaga attu.

Source: Forest Department, Govt. of Tripura

Tripura State pollution control board has done an inventory of the water bodies (Total of 584 water bodies) in Agartala Municipal Council. As evident from the Table 8-7, of the total 584 ponds, 383 ponds are under private ownership. Under a recent guideline issued by the District Magistrate filling up of these ponds have been made illegal to protect them from encroachment.

Table 8-7: Ponds within Agartala Total Number of ponds 584

Usable Ponds 465 Unusable Ponds 113

Eutrophicated 6 Private ownership 383

Government Ownership 44 Joint Ownership 32

8 Based on consultations with the Tripura State Pollution Control Board.



Total Number of ponds 584 Total Area of the Ponds 7.9 sq km

Source: Science, Technology & Environment Dept., Govt. of Tripura

8.7. LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT – CENTRAL ACTS / RULES

The legal environment framework of India consists of several acts, notifications, rules and regulations to protect environment and wildlife. The key relevant legal framework relevant to the JNNURM has been presented in Table 8-8.

Table 8-8: Environment Sector - Legal Framework S.No Legal Framework Coordinating

Agency Objectives/Highlights of Framework.

Environment Legal Framework 1 Constitution of India, Article 48, 51-

A GoI Article 48A of the Directive Principles of State

Policy provides for the State's commitment in protecting the environment and Article 51A(g) states that protecting and improving the natural environment shall be the fundamental duty of the citizens of India

2 Wildlife Protection Act 1972 MoEF Protection of wildlife (wild animals, defined plants and birds) in either National Parks or sanctuaries

3 Water (Prevention and Control of pollution) Act 1974

CPCB, SPCB Prohibits the discharge of pollutants into water bodies beyond a given standard, and lays down penalties for non-compliance

4 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977

SPCB Provides for a levy and collection of a cess on water consumed by industries and local authorities

5 Forest (Conservation) Act 1980,Forest Conservation Rules, 1981

MoEF, Regional, State Forest Department (SFD)

Restrictions on conversions of Forest for uses other than reforestation, including use for roads

6 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

CPCB, SPCB Provides means for the control and abatement of air pollution.

6a The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1982

CPCB, SPCB Defined the procedures for conducting meetings of the boards, the powers of the presiding officers, decision-making etc

7 Environment (Protection) Act 1986(EPA) followed by amendment in May 1994(Schedule-I)

Ensure that appropriate measures are taken to conserve and protect the environment before commencement of operations.

7a Environmental Impact Assessment Notification 1994

GoI/Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF)

Identifies highways among other project categories that need environmental clearance from the Central Government in form of an approved Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

7b Disposal of Flyash Notification (MoEF) Mandates use of flyash in brick within 50 kms radius area around Thermal Power plants.

8 The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986

(MoEF) Lay down the procedures for setting standards of emission or discharge of environmental pollutants.

9 The Hazardous Wastes Management (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989

(MoEF) Providing for making effective procedure for inventory, control, handling and disposal of hazardous waste. provide for setting up of disposal sites/landfill sites design, operation and closure.

10 Rules for Management and Handling of Bio-medical wastes, 1998

(MoEF) Provide for collection, segregation, storage, treatment and disposal of bio-medical wastes according to the standards and procedures

11 National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995

National Environment Tribunal

To provide for strict liability for damages arising out of any accident occurring while handling any hazardous substance

12 Biodiversity Act 2002 National Biodiversity Authority/State authorities/

To provide for conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of resources fair and equitable sharing of the benefits from use of resources

Social legal framework 11 Land Acquisition Act 1894 GoI Provides for the acquisition of land for public



S.No Legal Framework Coordinating Agency Objectives/Highlights of Framework.

purposes and for Companies and for determining the amount of compensation to be made on account of such acquisition.

12 Provisions of the Panchayat (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act 1996

Local Self Govt. Endows Panchayats and Gram Sabhas to prevent alienation of land in scheduled areas.

Other relevant legal Framework 13 Central Motor Vehicles Act 1988/

State Motor Vehicle Rules 1989/ State Motor Vehicles Taxation Act 1974/ State Motor Vehicles Taxation Rules 1974

Ministry of Road Transport and Highways /Department of Police

To control vehicular air and noise pollution. To regulate development of the transport sector, check and control vehicular air and noise pollution.

14 The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act 1958

Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)

Provides for the preservation of ancient and historical monuments and archaeological sites and remains of national importance

8.7.1. Guidelines for Tree Felling from Non-forest Areas issued in compliance of Supreme Court order, dated 12th May 2001.

The guideline regulates the plantation and felling of trees from non-forest areas. Following are the salient features of the act:

• Registration of tree plantation: The guideline directs the registration of tree plantation raised in non-forest areas by an individual, community or institutions or non-governmental organization. Registration shall be done with the Divisional Forest Officers (DFO) in the manner prescribed by the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests. The DFO shall issue the registration certificate to the applicant within 90 days of the receipt of complete application.

• Trees species not requiring felling permission: The tree species such as Aam (Mangifera indica), Jamun (Syzygium cumini), Kothal (Artocarpus integrifolia), all species of bamboo, leteku, paniol and madhuriam will not require any permission for felling if they are felled from non-forest area.

• Felling of Tree: No tree shall be felled without the written permission from the divisional forest officer on the Performa prescribed by the principal chief conservator of forest. The Performa shall contain details of species, number of trees to be felled, girth and copy of the registration certificate.

• Permission for felling trees: The permission or refusal shall be granted by the DFO not later than 30 days from the date of receipt of application. In case of felling trees from registered plantation, permission or refusal shall be given not later than 60 days from the date of receipt of application.

• Removal of Felled Trees: No fell trees/timber shall be removed from the felling site without Transit Pass issued by forest department unless and until exempted under the relevant act / rule / regulations

8.8. ISSUES PERTAINING TO URBAN ENVIRONMENT IN AGARTALA

The issues pertaining to urban environment in Agartala are largely to do with the poor quality of life due to the poor access to basic services than with impacts associated with environmental impacts on ecologically significant or protected areas. The following sub-sections highlight the nature of environmental issues and the strategies to address these issues.

• There is no major air polluting sources such as industries etc within the GKPA. The air pollution in the city is localized and limited to roads and major junctions in the city.

• The major cause for pollution of land and water in Agartala is the lack of an underground sewerage system, and an efficient solid waste collection and management system. In the absence of these, the natural streams and drains are the recipients of wastes leading to degraded quality of life in most of the localities within GAPA.

• Water logging and improper drainage has been identified as one of the urban environmental issues during stakeholder consultations. Chocking of roadside drains due to garbage disposal, inadequate design etc are the causes of improper drainage in the city.



8.9. STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVEMENT OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT

Based on the identified issues strategies have been formulated to improve urban environ quality of the city. Table 8-9 identifies the strategies to be taken and the likely projects as part of these strategies to improve environmental health of the city.

Table 8-9: Strategies and Projects to Improve Environmental Health of the City S. No Sector Issues

Strategies for environment improvement

Projects

Degraded air quality Congestion within the city

Infrastructure development in the northern portion of the GAPA to decongest the existing areas

Poor traffic management Tree plantation along roads and intersection Alternative road alignments to decongest roads

1 Air

Increased SPM levels

Improve road junctions, geometric designs. Provide parking spaces within the city

Widening/up gradation of roads Promotion of rain water harvesting Restoration of catchment areas of natural water bodies and nallahs

Afforestation programs along nallahs

Degraded water quality

Contamination of piped water with sewerage

Upgrading /improving infrastructure

Incorporation of rain water harvesting in building bylaws Replacement of water pipelines

2 Water

UFW Measures to check UFW losses

Consumer and bulk water metering to be installed

No sewer network Provision of sewerage infrastructure of city

3 Sewerage and sanitation

Lack of sanitation facilities

Upgrading /repairing sewerage infrastructure of the city Development of sanitation facilities

especially in the poor income areas 4 Drainage Water logging and

flooding on roads Rehabilitation /repair of drainage systems to be undertaken

Drainage improvement works

Indiscriminate dumping of garbage

Sanitary landfill sites for city

Land Pollution by leachate

Purchase of waste collection trucks and dustbins Public awareness and education campaigns Build transfer stations

5 SWM

Spread of vector, diseases

Upgrade SWM infrastructure and facilities

Compost plant Loss of green cover and open spaces

Plan for green belts and spaces in master plan Development of parks and open spaces Urban forestry and plantation schemes for city

6 Green cover and Open spaces Absence of recreation

spaces

Undertake plantation programs to Increase green cover of city.

Remove encroachments from open spaces in inner city

Increase in slum Slum infrastructure upgradation programs Community toilets in slum areas

7 Urban Poverty

Environmental degradation due to poor living conditions

Improve housing and infrastructure conditions

Low cost housing


99... UUUrrrbbbaaannn FFFiiinnnaaannnccceee 99.1. INTRODUCTION

It is a generally observed that the North-East states government finances are in a precarious position with rising fiscal and revenue deficits, a consequence of rapid growth of state level expenditures. An important characteristic of the state governments in this region has been low generation of own revenue sources and high dependence on the central government. This is basically due to high dependence on the Centre for development. Yet, for a long time the huge transfers made from the Centre (roughly 80 to 95 percent of the revenues) were spent on current needs (current expenditure component is over two-thirds of the total expenditure) that hardly provided any impetus to the growth of GSDP. It is only in recent years, the need for infrastructure development is felt and larger allocations are made to finance the capital needs, the results are yet to show up in terms of higher GSDP.

9.2. STATE FINANCE POSITION

The state of Tripura has many infrastructural bottlenecks and high poverty level. This has impacted adversely on the ability of the state in raising own resources. The fiscal deficit of the state has been abnormal. Although it has come down from 13.8 percent to 10.4 percent, the high fiscal deficit is due to large capital expenditures (Table 9-1)

Table 9-1: Trends in the Fiscal Aggregates of Tripura – 2000-01 ( of GSDP) 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Annual

Growth (%) Total Revenue 28.4 28.4 24.2 25.1 23.2 10.8 Total Expenditure 42.2 41.6 35.8 37.0 33.6 10.4 Current expenditure 35.2 31.5 29.1 27.9 24.1 7.1 Capital expenditure 7.0 10.2 6.7 9.1 9.5 22.7 Fiscal deficit -13.8 -13.3 -11.6 -12.0 -10.4 Revenue deficit -6.7 -3.1 -4.9 -2.9 -0.9

Source: Finance Accounts of the North East states (audited by the office of the Comptroller and Accountant General).

9.2.1. Expenditure Trends

It can be observed from Table 9-2 capital expenditure has been rising at 22 percent per annum, while current expenditure has been growing at only 7 percent. While Table 9-3 shows the structure and growth of Agartala Government expenditure in percentage.

Table 9-2: Trends in the Structure and Growth of Aggregate Government Expenditure of Agartala– 2000-01 (Rs million)

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Annual Growth (%)

Total Expenditure 20,807 23,997 24,119 29,153 30,898 10.4 Current expenditure 17,340 18,129 19,607 22,008 22,157 7.1 General Services 6,170 6,874 8,025 8,994 9,573 12.2



2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Annual Growth (%)

Interest Payments 2,260 2,532 2,907 3,236 3,357 10.9 Social and Community Services 6,930 7,028 7,407 8,377 8,408 5.8

Water Supply & Sanitation 154 112 137 125 130 -2.3 Urban Development 86 94 19 85 78 -2.9

Economic Services 4,045 3,971 3,754 4,260 3,836 -0.4

Grants in aid to Local bodies 196 256 421 378 340 16.1 Capital expenditure 3,467 5,868 4,512 7,146 8,741 22.7

General Services 82 686 433 848 3,483 115.9 Social Services 1,206 1,887 1,672 2,755 1,738 11.7

Water Supply and Sanitation 580 522 470 1,402 615 11.7 Urban Development 12 64 51 0 0

Economic Services 2,179 3,295 2,407 3,543 3,519 10.9

Table 9-3: Trends in the Structure and Growth of Aggregate Government Expenditure of Agartala – 2000-01 (share in Total)

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

Total Expenditure 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Current expenditure 83.3 75.5 81.3 75.5 71.7

General Services 29.7 28.6 33.3 30.8 31.0 Interest Payments 10.9 10.6 12.1 11.1 10.9

Social Services 33.3 29.3 30.7 28.7 27.2 Water Supply & Sanitation 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 Urban Development 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.3

Economic Services 19.4 16.5 15.6 14.6 12.4

Grants in aid to Local bodies 0.9 1.1 1.7 1.3 1.1 Capital expenditure 16.7 24.5 18.7 24.5 28.3

General Services 0.4 2.9 1.8 2.9 11.3 Social Services 5.8 7.9 6.9 9.4 5.6

Water Supply & Sanitation 2.8 2.2 1.9 4.8 2.0 Urban Development 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0

Economic Services 10.5 13.7 10.0 12.2 11.4

9.2.2. Revenue Trends

The own revenues have been growing at impressive pace. As a result the share of central transfers went down from over 88.6 percent to 87.4 percent. Table 9-4 shows the trends in the Structure of Aggregate Government Receipts of Tripura, Table 9-5 shows the trends in the Structure of Aggregate Government Receipts, Table 9-6 show the revenue from Major taxes in Tripura and Table 9-7 shows the revenue from Major Non-tax sources Tripura.

Table 9-4: Trends in the Structure of Aggregate Government Receipts of Tripura – 2000-01 (INR million)

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Annual Growth (%)

Current Revenue 19,290 22,299 23,021 27,315 29,910 Tax receipts 6,528 7,536 8,548 9,832 11,508

States's own taxes 1,256 1,585 1,831 2,250 2,950 22.8% Share in Central taxes 5,273 5,951 6,717 7,582 8,558 12.8%

Non-tax receipts 12,762 14,763 14,473 17,483 18,402 Own non-tax revenues 945 976 987 1,200 1,600 13.4%

Grants from Centre 11,817 13,786 13,485 16,283 16,802 3.1%



2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Annual Growth (%)

Own revenues 2,201 2,561 2,818 3,450 4,550 19.1% Transfers 17,089 19,738 20,203 23,865 25,360 10.2%

Table 9-5: Trends in the Structure of Aggregate Government Receipts

of Tripura – 2000-01 (Share in Total) 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Current Revenue 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Tax receipts 33.8 33.8 37.1 36.0 38.5 States's own taxes 6.5 7.1 8.0 8.2 9.9 Share in Central taxes 27.3 26.7 29.2 27.8 28.6

Non-tax receipts 66.2 66.2 62.9 64.0 61.5 Own non-tax revenues 4.9 4.4 4.3 4.4 5.3 Grants from Centre 61.3 61.8 58.6 59.6 56.2

Own revenues 11.4 11.5 12.2 12.6 15.2

Transfers 88.6 88.5 87.8 87.4 84.8

Table 9-6: Revenue from Major Taxes in Tripura (Rs million)

Average 2000-01

to 2004-05 (Rs million)

Average share in total

(%)

Annual Growth

(%) Taxes on Agricultural Income 1 Other Taxes on Income and Expenditure 154 7.8 20.86 Land Revenue 15 0.8 0.87 Stamps & Registration Fees 101 5.1 23.05 State Excise 283 14.3 19.23 Tax on Sales 1,322 66.9 23.79 Taxes on Vehicles 68 3.4 26.04 Taxes & Duties on Electricity 0.5 Other Taxes 31 1.6 43.25 Own Tax Revenue 1,974 100.0 22.86

Table 9-7: Revenue from Major Non-tax sources Tripura (Rs million)

Average

2000-01 to 2004-05 (Rs million)

Average share in total

(%)

Annual Growth

(%) Interest Receipts 52 4.4 -18.27 Dividends and Profits 0 0.0 State Lotteries 0 0.0 Education, Sports, Art and Culture 16 1.4 -23.43 Medical & Public Health of which 22 1.8 33.23 Water Supply & Sanitation of which 17 1.5 Water Supply 17 1.4 Sewerage & Sanitation 0 0.0 Housing 10 0.8 16.49 Urban Development 1 0.1 Forestry and Wild Life 78 6.5 19.98 Power 727 61.1 31.72 Petroleum 0 0.0 Royalty, etc. 0 0.0 Road Transport 0 0.0 Tourism 3 0.3 27.93 Non-Tax Revenues 1,191 100.0 13.42



9.3. DEVOLUTION OF RESOURCES TO URBAN LOCAL BODIES

The Schedule II of the Tripura Municipal Act, 1994 lists out 18 functions of the municipality1 that completely replicates the twelfth schedule of the Constitution of India. Of which, the state government of Tripura has delegated 15 functions listed under.

• Public health, sanitation, conservancy and solid waste management; • Roads and bridges; • Provision of urban amenities and facility such as park gardens, playground; • Burials and burial grounds, cremations and cremation grounds and electric crematoriums; • Public amenities including street lighting, parking lots, bus stops and public conveyance; • Promotion of cultural education and aesthetic aspects; • Planning for social and economic development; • Urban forestry, protection of environmental aspects and promotion of ecological aspects; • Safeguard the interests of weaker section of society, including handicapped and mentally

retarded; • Slum improvement and up gradation; • Urban poverty alleviation; • Cattle ponds, preservation of cruelty to animal; • Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries; • Water supply (only revenue collection); and • Construction of buildings.

Furthermore, the state government of Tripura has devolved financial powers and taxation powers to the municipality. For instance, it is amended that a municipality may earn revenue through its power to levy taxes, tolls, duties and fees. Amongst the various revenue earning measures are property taxes, water tax, tax on advertisement2 (not including newspaper advertisement), tax on carts and carriages3, tolls on ferries and bridges4, fees on license and permit5, fees on construction and reconstruction on buildings6, vehicle parking fees7 etc.8 Another notable provision incorporated in the said Act w.r.t to devolution of function is the power to impose new tax in their jurisdictional area9.

1 This Schedule flows out of section 84 of the Act – Functions of the Municipality – it shall be the duty of the Municipality to perform the functions, including matters listed in schedule II and those assigned by the State Government. 2 Section 197 – Tax on advertisement other than advertisement in the newspapers. 3 Section 198. 4 Section 199 and 200. 5 Section 201. 6 Section 202. 7 Section 205. 8 Section 192 – Power to levy tax etc. All the above Sections read with this Section.

9 For instance, section 200 of the Act provides for power to establish a Toll Bar as there may be an occasion where there would be private player for the levy of any toll, ‘in any bridge or at any place adjacent to any bridge’ and that the tolls may be levied from vehicles, carriages and carts and animals passing over such bridges for the purpose of recovering the expenses incurred in constructing or maintaining, repairing such bridge for a period not exceeding 5 years since the date of construction or repairs. Further, sub clause (2) states that the Municipality may grant a lease of toll-bar for such period and in such manner as may be determined in the regulation on the payment of a lump sum annual toll collected by the lessee.



9.4. OVERVIEW OF MUNICIPAL FINANCES

In pursuance of the 74th Amendment to the Constitution of India pertaining to ULBs, the Government of Tripura enacted the Tripura Municipal Act 1994. The Act is comprehensive and covers ULBs at three levels, Corporation, Municipality and Nagar Panchayat. All the ULBs have a council type of Governance, viz, Mayor-in-Council for the Corporation and Chairperson-in-Council and Chairperson-in-Nagar Panchayat in respect of the other two types of ULBs. However, the tribal areas coming under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution are not covered by the Act. All Legislative and Executive powers rest in the Councils and in the Mayor/Chairpersons respectively. Agartala is one such city where there is an elected Municipal Council which is empowered. Municipal Administration in Tripura appears to be in line with that of the rest of the country. Elections to the Agartala Municipality were held twice since 1994. The State Finance Commission’s recommendations have been accepted in full and implemented. Agartala has an elected Municipal Council with the following 14 functions:

• Provision of Water Supply • Provision of Drainage And Sewerage • Street Lighting • Burials And Burial Grounds; Cremation Grounds And Electric Crematoria • Regulation of Slaughterhouses And Tanneries • Collection, Removal Disposal of Solid Waste • Prohibition To Throw Non-Biodegradable Garbage In Public Drains And Sewage • Public Convenience • Water Analysis • Removal of Hazardous Waste From The Premises • Power To Seize Food or Drugs Unfit For Human Consumption • Disposal of Infectious Corpus • Preparation of Budgets And Balance Sheets • Public Safety And Nuisances

However, as in the case of the other North-Eastern States, besides the Agartala Municipal Council (AMC), other agencies engaged in provision of urban infrastructure services in Agartala are the Public Health and Education Department (PHED) for water supply provision, the Public Works Department (PWD) for roads, and the Urban Development (UD) for slum improvement.

The Act also makes it mandatory to set up a Municipal Accounts Committee and stipulates the AMC to prepare annual budget to be adopted within two weeks of its presentation in March. Further, an annual financial statement for the preceding year has to be prepared within three months of the close of the year. At present, the AMC follows a cash based accounting system but it is expected to shift to accrual based system soon. Besides, the AMC is required to have an annual balance sheet of assets and liabilities prepared within six months of the close of the year. The annual accounts are audited by an Auditor appointed on behalf of the state government.

9.5. STRUCTURE OF MUNICPAL FINANCES

9.5.1. Revenues

The revenues of AMC comprise own revenues and grants from the Central and State governments. The revenues collected during the last four years are as in (Table 9-8). Total receipts have increased from Rs 56.5 million in 2001-02 to Rs



199.7 million in 2004-05 at the rate of about nearly 26 percent per annum. In general, grants and transfers from the state government10 constitute over 75 percent of the receipts of the Agartala Municipal Council. The contribution of the grants towards the total receipts received by the AMC over the years have been very high indicating less revenues generation from the own sources.

In recent years, however, the share of own revenue resources has increased by 37 percent indicating a positive resource mobilization. As a result of this the share of own sources in total income is increasing from a mere 19.2 percent to 41 percent which is a very good sign. In other words AMC has started generating more revenues on its own rather than totally being dependent on the external aids. It indicates that the resources are being mobilized well for the optimum utilization.

Among the own sources, non-tax revenues have been growing faster at 27.2 percent as compared to the tax revenue which is growing at 22.6 percent and the mix of tax and non-tax component has been varying in favor of the latter.

Table 9-8: Trends in the Revenue Receipts of Agartala Municipal Corporation : 1998-99 to 2004-05 (Rs million)

1998-99 1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Opening Balance 95.1 63.9 29.6 12.3 42.7 41.5 36.3 Total receipts 56.5 63.2 82.5 131.9 103.7 104.6 199.7 Revenue Receipts 50.4 56.0 72.7 90.2 25.2 36.8 49.0 A Own Sources- Taxes 6.2 6.5 8.5 9.2 9.3 16.3 18.1 B Own Sources- Non Taxes 9.7 8.9 8.5 12.1 9.3 16.7 29.5 C Grants under Non-Plan (State) 34.5 40.6 55.7 59.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 Capital Receipts 6.1 7.2 9.8 41.6 78.6 67.8 150.7 Plan Grants 6.1 7.2 9.8 32.2 72.0 64.0 149.3 Advances and Deposits 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.5 6.5 3.8 1.5

As regards the own tax revenues, the Tripura Municipal Act empowers the AMC to levy various taxes: taxes on land and buildings, Octroi, tax on vehicles, Toll tax, tax on boats/ferries, tax on building applications, tax on advertisement and Water tax. Similarly, the AMC can levy several types of fees: latrine fee, fee on service, fee on license, parking fee, etc. However, at present, none of the taxes are mandatory and the municipal council levies only 5 taxes and fees: property tax on lands and buildings, tax on vehicles, license fee, parking fee and water tax. Resource mobilization is therefore, poor in the city.

Table 9-9: Taxes and Non-Taxes Levied Property tax (Lands and Buildings) � Tax on Boats/Ferries D Octroi D Tax on Electricity - Stamp Duty - Pilgrimage Fee - Tax on Professions - Drainage Fee - Tax on Vehicle � Lighting Fee - Tax on Animals - Scavenging Fee - Tax on Dogs - Latrine Fee D Show Tax - Fee on Service D

10 In general revenue grants from the State Government are given for the purposes of meeting establishment expenses, special allowances and bridging revenue deficit. The revenue grant component in the case of Agartala is much higher as compared to the other project cities in the region.



Toll Tax D Tax on Servants - Tax on Private Markets - Tax on Building

Applications D

Fee on Fire Brigade - Tax on Advertisement D Fee on Health Services - Fee on Licence � Betterment Tax - Parking Fee � Water Tax �

Note: D= Discretionary, M= Mandatory � Taxes levied by the Local Body

Apart from the state transfers and grants in aid, the major sources of revenue for the Council have been the property tax, rental income from stalls, vendors and building plan approval fees11 etc. The trends in the major components of own revenues are as shown in Table 9-10 and Table 10-11. At present, property tax has been the most important source of own revenue.

Table 9-10: Trends in the Major Components of Own Tax Revenues of AMC 1998-99 to 2004-05 (Rs million)

1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Total Own Revenue Receipts 15.5 14.9 16.5 21.3 18.6 33.0 47.5 Revenue Income (Income from Fees): 10.3 10.9 14.0 17.2 14.4 29.1 42.4 1 Property tax 5.7 5.9 7.9 9.1 9.2 16.2 17.8 2 Touji (Rent) collection 3.1 3.5 4.6 5.0 2.0 7.2 13.4 3 Trade license 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.4 4 Food license 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 5 Rickshaw license 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 6 Bicycle license 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7 Vendor license / Hand cart 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.8 1.4 8 Birth/death registration fees 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 9 Building construction approval fee 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.4 1.5 2.9 6.0 10 Drinking Water Connection fees. 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 11 a) Hoarding charge 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 b) Holding mutation fee 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 12 Drinking water tax 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

9.5.2. Property tax

As regards the property tax, as on March 31, 2001 the position with respect to the assessments and tax demand in Agartala is given in Table 9-11. Though property tax is the major component of tax collection in the AMC, the annual growth rate of the revenue is rather low averaging at about 1.8 percent with a buoyancy of 0.78. Since 1998-99 the revenue from property tax went up from Rs 5.7 million only to Rs 17.8 million. If these trends continue, efforts to improve tax collection are therefore, a must. The revenue collection is not commensurate with the growth of urbanization.

At present, the property tax in Agartala comprises the holding tax, water tax, conservancy and street lighting tax. It is calculated as 7 percent of the total Annual Rental Value: 3 percent Holding Tax, 3 percent Conservancy Tax, and 1 percent Street Lighting tax. Recently the land value is also being included for the calculation of ARV for the new properties. Although the number of assessments has nearly doubled since 2000-01 the revenue collection suffered due to large

11 The building plan approval fee is levied on all new constructions, additional constructions within the limits of the Council. The fee structure is based on proposed built-up area and is fixed by the ULB.



arrears which average to about 40 percent. The tax per assessment works out to be nearly Rs. 500. Thus there is scope for improvement.

Table 9-11: Agartala - Number of Assessments and Tax Demand, 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

No of assessments 24,597 28,888 33,804 39,556 46,287 Tax demand per assessment (Rs) 400 500 500 500 500 Total Demand (Rs million) 9.84 14.44 16.90 19.78 23.14 Current collections (% of demand) 0.34 0.34 0.36 0.37 0.39 Arears (% of current demand) 0.47 0.29 0.19 0.45 0.38 Collections (% of current demand) 0.81 0.63 0.55 0.82 0.77 Total Collections (Rs million) 7.9 9.1 9.2 16.2 17.8

Source: Analysed from Municipal Records.

Further increase in the property tax can be expected as with the increase in the area of Agartala. However, there is need to revise the rate structure.

9.5.3. Other Revenue Resources

Among the other sources, rental income from various stalls and vendors, building plan approval fees and income from water supply through various charges, are important. Water tax income accounts to about 19 percent. Fees collection forms about 26 percent and within the fees the maximum revenues are being generated by the approval fees for building construction. Trade license and vendor license are also generating good amount of revenues. Holding Mutation Fees has been recently introduced and it is performing well by fetching good revenues for AMC.

Table 9-12: Trends in the Major Components of Own Non-Tax Revenues of AMC 1998-99 to 2004-05 (Rs million)

1998-99 1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Own Sources- Non Taxes 9.73 8.87 8.50 12.12 9.34 16.73 29.49 1 Income from Real

Estates 0.09 0.12 0.16 0.25 0.04 0.01 0.28

2 Rent from Stall/Vendors etc 3.07 3.51 4.64 5.02 2.01 7.16 13.36

3 Registration and License Fee 1.00 0.94 0.81 1.02 0.96 2.17 3.39

4 Building Plan Approval

0.25 0.38 0.51 1.43 1.54 2.94 6.04

5 Income from Water Supply

0.41 0.07 0.06 2.12 2.09 2.12 2.23

6 Income Sanitation Operation

0.26 0.35 0.21 0.25 0.39 0.48 0.67

7 Other Fees and Fines - - - 0.26 0.16 0.18 1.64 8 Interest income 3.38 2.12 0.57 0.15 0.72 0.09 0.12 9 Others 1.27 1.40 1.52 1.63 1.43 1.57 1.78

Touji (Rent): This tax is collected by AMC from the users of the land being owned by AMC. This revenue head has been a significant contributor with an annual growth of about 20 percent yet, there exists considerable potential for additional revenue. The rent charges are Rs.30, Rs.250, and Rs. 200 per month from domestic, old area and new users, respectively.



Trade License: The revenue generated from granting of trade licenses also shows a rising trend at 27 percent. Yet, there exists substantial arrears as out of the 15000 license holders only 2845 appear to have paid the license fees.

9.5.4. Scope for additional revenue

As stated above, the Tripura Municipal Act empowers the AMC to levy various other taxes such as Octroi, tax on vehicles, Toll tax, tax on boats/ferries, and several types of fees such as latrine fee, service fee, license fee, parking fee, etc. So far these sources are not exploited.

Holding change Fee: AMC has recently started collecting this fee. This is an extra fee which a land buyer is obliged to pay to AMC after the purchase of land and they are allotted with a month’s time to deposit it with a fine of Rs 100 per month for late payment. This collection is well structured have a stringent law by encompassing fine to the defaulters. Generally people invest in property as it is the only appreciable tangible asset one can possess and thus AMC’s revenue will increase.

Parking Fee: AMC has introduced parking fees since April 2005 onwards. This is a good source for revenue generation looking at the large number of vehicles in the city, it can be speculated that this fee will generate huge amount of revenues to the council and Tripura municipal act also emphasis on parking fees.

Toll Tax: AMC is not collecting any toll tax but being located on international boundary there are great opportunities of toll tax collection through an efficiently managed system which will generate large revenues to AMC.

9.5.5. Expenditures

Revenue Expenditure

Establishment, Operation and Maintenance and Debt servicing are the three important components of revenue expenditure. A significant increase is seen in the expenditure on establishment, which is the major constituent accounting for nearly 85 percent of the revenue expenditure. Debt servicing accounts for the lowest share with 1 to 4 percent and has been on the decline (Table 9-13). Another interesting aspect of the revenue expenditure is the increasing share of O&M expenditure in the past few years. The share has gone up from around 4 percent up to 2000-01 to 11.3 percent in 2004-05.

Table 9-13: Revenue Expenditure of AMC by Items, 1998-99 to 2004-05 (Rs million)

1998-99 1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Revenue Expenditure 43.8 51.0 55.3 74.1 77.2 78.4 79.3 Establishment 37.3 44.3 50.0 63.8 63.8 64.5 66.9 Operation & Maintenance 4.7 4.0 3.9 8.9 9.9 12.7 11.3 Debt repayments 1.0 1.7 0.5 0.5 2.9 0.0 0.0 Advances and Deposits 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.5 1.2 1.1



9.6. KEY FINANCIAL INDICATORS

Table 9-14 shows that the revenue accounts balance is deteriorating while the capital account balance shows a rapid increase. Partly, this is due to the shifting of a major part of the non-plan grants to capital account. The operating ratio has exceeded unity from 2002-03 onwards indicating the unhealthy trend of living beyond means. An important cause of this trend is the increasing ratio of establishment cost to revenue receipts. All these points out towards the need to increase own revenue receipts and exercise control over the current expenditure.

Agartala Municipal Council (AMC) is sustaining mainly on the basis of the funds in the form of grants through the state and central government. There are many potential areas from where the revenues can easily be generated through internal sources itself. AMC should increase the collection efficiency as well because for many years the amount for the accounts receivables is very high. In addition to this AMC should follow the accrual system for accounting for increasing the accountability and transparency in the financial statement. Above all the thrust should be on the efficient financial management.

Table 9-14: Selected Fiscal Health Indicators 1998-99 to 2004-05 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

Revenue account balance (Rs million)

6.68 4.98 17.35 16.14 -52.01 -41.55 -30.30

Capital account balance (Rs million) -37.90 -36.07 -34.64 14.26 50.85 36.32 98.25

Operating ratio (revenue expenditure/ revenue income)

0.87 0.91 0.76 0.82 3.07 2.13 1.62

Debt repayment/ revenue receipts

0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.12 0.00 0.00

Establishment cost/ revenue receipts

0.74 0.79 0.69 0.71 2.54 1.75 1.37

9.7. STATUS OF MUNICIPAL FUND

Table 9-15 gives the summary of income and expenditure of Agartala in the past four years. The operating ratios12 in the municipality have seen improvement in FY 2000-2003.

The financial summary of AMC shows that the average closing balance for over the last financial years has been improving. The revenue receipts have increased during this period indicating rise in financial status of AMC. The receipts have increased from INR 56.5 million in 1998-99 to INR 131.9 million in 2001-02 with a decrease in 2002-03 and gradual increase over the years. The expenditure has increased from INR 87.7 million in 1998-99 to INR 131.8 million in 2004-05 resulting in surplus in the closing balance.

12 Operating Ratio (OR), being the ratio of revenue expenditure to revenue income, indicates the surplus or deficit of the revenue account status. Operating ratio below 1 indicates that Agartala is in surplus and it has capacity to fund capital expenditure from its own funds.



Table 9-15: Receipts/Expenditure Summary 1998-99 to 2004-05 (Rs million) 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02 2002-

03 2003-04 2004-05

Opening Balance 95.1 63.9 29.6 12.3 42.7 41.5 36.3 Total receipts 56.5 63.2 82.5 131.9 103.7 104.6 199.7

Revenue Receipts 50.4 56.0 72.7 90.2 25.2 36.8 49.0 Capital Receipts 6.1 7.2 9.8 41.6 78.6 67.8 150.7

Total Expendidture 87.7 94.3 99.8 101.5 104.9 109.8 131.8 Revenue Expenditure 43.8 51.0 55.3 74.1 77.2 78.4 79.3 Capital Expenditures 44.0 43.2 44.5 27.4 27.7 31.4 52.5

Closing Balance 63.9 32.8 12.3 42.7 41.5 36.3 104.2

9.7.1. Projection of Receipts/Expenditure of AMC

The projections are made assuming that the past trends will continue. The average annual compound growth rates were derived using the budgetary and financial data provided by the AMC. These growth rates were moderated wherever necessary and used for the projections. On the revenue side, items such as rents, trade licenses, and fee are linked to the growth of urban population. The tax base is assumed to grow with the population, since growing population is the driving force for increase in the housing activity.

Using the data provided on the number of assessments and assuming the coverage of assessed households will improve the tax demand and the collection and arrears position will follow the same trends, the revenue from property tax is projected. Similarly, the expenditure side items are also projected linking with population growth, State domestic product, urbanization and other factors. The summary of status quo projections are as in Table 9-16.

Table 9-16: Projections of Receipts/Expenditure of AMC (Rs million) 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2015-16 2020-21

Opening Balance 120.2 210.0 314.9 436.5 576.3 735.9 1,894.2 3,774.9 Total receipts 224.7 243.3 263.9 286.6 311.8 339.6 530.6 851.6 Revenue Receipts 60.7 64.9 69.6 75.1 81.3 88.4 143.3 253.0 A Own Sources- Taxes 21.1 21.6 22.1 22.5 23.1 23.6 27.8 35.1 B Own Sources- Non Taxes 38.4 42.3 46.8 51.9 57.7 64.3 115.3 217.8

1 Municipal Real Estates

0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

2 Rents etc 15.1 17.1 19.4 22.0 24.9 28.2 52.6 98.1

3 Registrartion and Licence Fee

3.9 4.4 5.1 5.8 6.7 7.7 15.7 32.6

4 Building Plan Approval 7.0 8.0 9.3 10.7 12.4 14.3 29.3 60.1

5 Income from Water Supply

2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.9

6 Income Sanitation Operation

0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 2.7 7.7

7 Other Fees and Fines 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8

8 Interest income on fixed deposits

0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4

9 User charges for solid waste

5.6 5.7 5.8 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.9 7.6

10 Others 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 3.1 6.2

C Grants under Non-Plan (State)

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Capital Receipts 163.9 178.4 194.2 211.5 230.5 251.2 387.2 598.6 Total Expendidture 134.8 138.3 142.3 146.9 152.2 158.4 214.9 396.9 Revenue Expenditure 80.8 82.6 84.8 87.4 90.6 94.6 136.5 296.6



2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2015-16 2020-21 A Establishment 68.0 69.2 70.7 72.5 74.6 77.1 100.4 163.9 B Operation & Maintenanace 11.8 12.3 13.0 13.8 14.9 16.3 34.9 131.4

1 Rent for Buildings/Offices

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

2 Vehicle maintenance and fuel

4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.5

3 Purchase of Consumables

1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.9 4.2

4 Maint. of Roads,Drains etc

0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9

5 Stationery, Books Journals etc.

0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.9

6 O & M due to Project 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

7 Power Charges- Lighting

0.5 0.7 1.0 1.5 2.1 3.0 18.1 108.2

8 Telephone Charges 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 9 Legal Expenses 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.9 4.1

10 Furniture, equipment and repairs

0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.7 3.2

11 Others 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.9 C Debt repayments 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 D Advances and Deposits 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 Capital Expenditures 54.0 55.7 57.5 59.5 61.6 63.9 78.4 100.4 2217-UD 23.1 23.8 24.5 25.3 26.0 26.8 31.0 35.9

2217-UD/SLUM/EIUS/NSDP

2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.7

4215-CO Drainage 9.4 10.4 11.6 12.8 14.1 15.6 25.9 42.8 4215 Housing1 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 4215 Housing2 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.4 2217-IDSMT 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 Others 10.6 10.6 10.6 10.6 10.6 10.6 10.6 10.6 Closing Balance 210.0 314.9 436.5 576.3 735.9 917.1 2,209.9 4,229.5 Fiscal health indicators Revenue account balance -20.05 -17.71 -15.12 -12.31 -9.29 -6.13 6.87 -43.56 Capital account balance 109.88 122.66 136.68 152.06 168.89 187.33 308.83 498.19 Operating ratio 1.33 1.27 1.22 1.16 1.11 1.07 0.95 1.17

Debt repayment/ revenue receipts

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Establishment cost/ revenue receipts

1.12 1.07 1.02 0.97 0.92 0.87 0.70 0.65

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10.1. INTRODUCTION

The city, as has been presented in the previous chapters, may be broadly divided into the erstwhile AMC area, the newly added extended area of AMC periphery area and the rest of Greater Agartala Planning Area. The functioning of AMC is governed by the Tripura Municipal Act, 1994”, replacing the applicability of the Bengal Municipal Act, 1932 and performs the obligatory and discretionary functions as incorporated in the said Act. At present the infrastructure development is being planned and executed under the overall supervision, guidance and control of GAPA. The proposal is to evolve an integrated system development and management.

The Agartala Municipality was instituted in 1871 AD during the reign of Maharaja Chandra Manikya (1862-96 AD). The 1st British Political Agent, Mr. A.W.B. Power appointed for hill Tipprah in 1871 AD, was offered the honour of being the Chairman of the Agartala Municipality.

This chapter outlines the present structure of the elected and administrative wings of the municipal corporation and brings out the issues related to management functions, operations and reforms.

10.2. STRUCTURE OF URBAN GOVERNANCE

The current set up in Tripura is that the Commissioner cum Secretary (UDD) to the Government looks after the municipal administration. His current portfolio includes ULBs, UDD, PWD and Planning and Coordination and Statistics departments. As far as ULBs are concerned, the commissioner administers them directly. There are 13 ULBs -one council and 12 nagar panchayats in Tripura. At present, the director, UDD is the nodal officer for all urban development programmes and projects in the state. He also looks after town planning. However, the UDD has no direct responsibilities for implementation.

10.3. INSTITUTIONS IN URBAN MANAGEMENT

The urban governance is divided into state level institutional set up, policy framework and legal framework. Each of these sections is described in the following sections;

(a) State Level Institutional Set Up

The existing institutional arrangements for provision of services in Agartala is shown in Figure 10-1 and described in Table 10-1.




PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

(PHED)

• Water Supply

TRIPURA ELECTRICITY

CORPORATION

• Street Lights

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT

(PWD)

• Major Roads

URBAN DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT

(UDD)

BORDER ROADS ORGANISATION

• National Highways

AGARTALA MUNICIPAL

COUNCIL (AMC)

• Solid Waste Management

• Minor Roads• Storm Water

Drains• Slum

Upgradation

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT

(Water Resource)

Sl. No. Service/Function Department

1a Water supply – bulk Public health engineering department (PHED) 1b Water supply- distribution Public health engineering department, Urban local bodies 2 Storm water drainage system Urban local bodies 3 Sewerage Urban local bodies 4 Sanitation (Liquid waste) Urban local bodies (supply of cess pool cleaner) 5 Solid waste management Urban local bodies, Non-governmental organisations 6 Roads Public works department, Urban local bodies 7 Street lights Tripura electricity corporation 8 Public transport N.A 9 Traffic management Police department 10 Fire services Fire services department 11 Parks, open spaces

development & management Urban local bodies

12 Community / Public toilets Urban local bodies 13 Slum upgradation Urban local bodies 14 Primary education Education department 15 Primary health Health department 16 Town planning Urban development department 17 Building permission Urban development department, Urban local bodies 18 Land registration Revenue department

• Administrative Department for Urban Local Bodies

• Town Planning • Development

Control

CHIEF MINISTER - TRIPURA

COUNCIL OF MINISTERS

CHIEF SECRETARY

SECRETARIES

• Major Storm Water Drains

Figure 10-1: State Level Institutional Set-up for Urban Service Delivery in Tripura

Table 10-1: Tripura State - Institutions responsible for urban service delivery

Source: Compiled from discussion with State Government Officials.

(b) Policy Framework

The Government of Tripura (GoT) has a clear policy of promoting local self-government and entrusting civic functions to the ULBs. The government lost no time in enacting new municipal legislation in 1994 (the Tripura Municipal Act, 1994) to comply with the provisions of the Constitution Amendment Act, 1992 and the provisions of Part IX A of the Constitution of India. Consequently, all the mandatory provisions relating to constitution of ULBs, powers and functions, elections, reservation of seats, formation of ward committees, setting up of the State Finance Commission (SFC) have been implemented.

Further in November 2001, the state government has initiated a new programme of decentralized planning and governance known as resource based participatory planning. The programme covers for both urban and rural local



bodies in the state. The programme at the urban level is known as nagaroday. The main objective of this programme is to ensure direct participation of the people in the process of planning and implementation with a view to provide better civic amenities and facilities to the people. The scheme covers below the ward level in urban areas, dividing the ward into sub sectors. The main activities are to (a) collect basic information (b) hold open meetings of all adults in the sub sectors and (c) prepare development plans.

(c) Legal Framework

The state level urban development legislation lays procedures for urban development and governance. In Tripura state, Tripura Municipal Act, 1994 (Tripura Act No.7 of 1994) set the platform for urban governance. The Act is in full compliance of the CAA-1992 and the provisions of Part IX A of the Constitution. The Tripura legislative assembly had opted for a political executive type of local governance in the Act and therefore has a chairperson-in-council system in urban areas.

It is a comprehensive municipal Act for the purpose of providing public and municipal services amongst all the project cities. There are separate chapters1 dealing with functions in relation to water supply, drainage and sewerage, solid waste, urban and regional planning and development, and the regulatory powers and functions, which extensively deal with streets. The Schedule II of the said Act lists out 18 functions of the municipality2 that completely replicates the twelfth schedule of the Constitution of India. The Act provides for creation of ward committees in order to bring municipal government closer to the people. Besides, state election commission (SEC) conducts the municipal elections and the newly created SFC makes recommendations on financial devolution to municipal bodies and other matters concerning their powers, functions and responsibilities.

The other statue, which governs planned urban development in the state, is the Tripura town and country planning Act, 1975. The Act provides for a high-powered town and country planning board at the state level and planning authorities at the local level, where the area has been declared a planning area. The legislation provides for each planning authority (though no authority exists at present) to prepare land use maps, development plans etc. It empowers the planning authority to control land use in conformity with the development plan, levy and recover development charges and set up a development fund.

10.4. 74TH CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT

The Government of Tripura, enacted new municipal legislation in line with the 74th CAA, called ”The Tripura Municipal Act, 1994”, replacing the applicability of the Bengal Municipal Act, 1932.

1 Chapter IX – Water Supply; Chapter X – Drainage and Sewerage; Chapter XI – Functions in relation to solid waste; Chapter XIV – Urban and Regional Planning and Development; Chapter VIII – Regulatory powers and functions. 2 This Schedule flows out of section 84 of the Act – Functions of the Municipality – it shall be the duty of the Municipality to perform the functions, including matters listed in schedule II and those assigned by the State Government.



Within the overall focus of the 74th CAA, the said Act has been suitably modified suiting the situation of the state of Tripura. For instance, the municipality was contemplated to be an elected urban local body to perform effectively as vibrant democratic units of self-government as per the mandate of the 74th Constitutional Amendment and to that end an entire chapter3 is dedicated towards the constitution and composition of the Municipality.

Further, it is envisaged that the members were to be elected by a general election to constitute either a nagar panchayat for a transitional Municipal area; a municipal council for a smaller urban municipal area and a municipal corporation for a larger municipal area4.Accordingly, Agartala constituted a municipal council with a chairperson5. The total number of seats6 in the municipal council had to be determined by notification of the state government, with a certain number of seats to be reserved for schedule castes and schedule tribes, translating into poverty alleviation and further certain number of seats was to be reserved for women taking sufficient care of the gender aspects7.

(b) Municipal Elections

Tripura has held regular elections since the implementation of 74th CAA in 1994. It may be mentioned that under Section 49/1 of Tripura Municipal Act, 1994 the first general election to form the urban local bodies (AMC and 12 nagar panchayats) was held on December 23, 1995 and the new elected members took oath in January 1996. In all, 17 ward councilors got elected from each ward in the previous election. Presently there are 35 ward councilors representing each ward.

(c) Devolution of Functions

The Schedule II of the Tripura Municipal Act, 1994 lists out 18 functions of the municipality8 that completely replicates the twelfth schedule of the Constitution of India. Of which, the state government of Tripura has delegated 15 functions listed under.

• Public health, sanitation, conservancy and solid waste management; • Roads and bridges; • Provision of urban amenities and facility such as park gardens, playground; • Burials and burial grounds, cremations and cremation grounds and electric crematoriums; • Public amenities including street lighting, parking lots, bus stops and public conveyance; • Promotion of cultural education and aesthetic aspects;

3 Chapter III – Constitution, Composition etc of the Municipalities. 4 Section 10 (1) – Constitution of the Municipalities. 5 Section 10(3)(ii)(c). 6 It was not less than 15 and not more than 25 as per the Act of 1994. This was amended by the Tripura Municipal (Amendment) Act, 2004 to read as not less than 17 and not more than 35. 7 Section 12 – Total number of seats for direct election in Municipalities and Municipal constituencies. Sub-section (1) stipulated that – subject to the provision of sub-section (3) the total number of seats in every Municipality, to be filled by persons chosen by direct election from Municipal constituencies, and the number of seats, if any, to be reserved for the Schedule Castes and for the Schedule Tribes of the Municipality including the number of seats to be reserved for women shall be such as the State Government may determine by notification. 8 This Schedule flows out of section 84 of the Act – Functions of the Municipality – it shall be the duty of the Municipality to perform the functions, including matters listed in schedule II and those assigned by the State Government.



• Planning for social and economic development; • Urban forestry, protection of environmental aspects and promotion of ecological aspects; • Safeguard the interests of weaker section of society, including handicapped and mentally

retarded; • Slum improvement and up gradation; • Urban poverty alleviation; • Cattle ponds, preservation of cruelty to animal; • Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries; • Water supply (only revenue collection); and • Construction of buildings.

Functions not delegated to AMC:

• Urban planning including Town Planning; • Regulation of Land use; • Fire service and • Water supply for domestic industrial and commercial purposes.

Furthermore, the state government of Tripura has also devolved financial powers and taxation powers to the municipality. For instance, it is amended that a municipality may earn revenue through its power to levy taxes, tolls, duties and fees. Amongst the various revenue earning measures are property taxes, water tax, tax on advertisement9 (not including newspaper advertisement), tax on carts and carriages10, tolls on ferries and bridges11, fees on license and permit12, fees on construction and reconstruction on buildings13, vehicle parking fees14 etc.15

Another notable provision incorporated in the said Act w.r.t to devolution of function is the power to impose new tax in their jurisdictional area16.

9 Section 197 – Tax on advertisement other than advertisement in the newspapers. 10 Section 198. 11 Section 199 and 200. 12 Section 201. 13 Section 202. 14 Section 205. 15 Section 192 – Power to levy tax etc. All the above Sections read with this Section.

16 For instance, section 200 of the Act provides for power to establish a Toll Bar as there may be an occasion where there would be private player for the levy of any toll, ‘in any bridge or at any place adjacent to any bridge’ and that the tolls may be levied from vehicles, carriages and carts and animals passing over such bridges for the purpose of recovering the expenses incurred in constructing or maintaining, repairing such bridge for a period not exceeding 5 years since the date of construction or repairs. Further, sub clause (2) states that the Municipality may grant a lease of toll-bar for such period and in such manner as may be determined in the regulation on the payment of a lump sum annual toll collected by the lessee.



(d) Creation of Wards and Setting up Ward Committees

Ward committees were created in the old 17 wards. In the recently added areas of 25 villages, 8 sectors, having sector committees were created as a transitional arrangement, by the government, for proper administration. The delimitation of new wards in the added area is complete. As a result of which the total number of wards has increased to 35.

(e) Panchayat

The remaining villages of the GAPA are organized under town panchayats.

(f) Creation of District Planning Committees

It is understood that the bill for creation of district planning committee has been formulated and is under the review of state Cabinet for further action.

(g) Setting up of State Finance Commission

Under the provision of Article 243-Y of the Constitution read with Section 269 of the Tripura Municipal Act, 1994, the SFC was constituted. The Commission submitted their first report in January, 1996. The Government accepted its recommendations. Thereafter, the SFC had been requested to review the financial position of the municipalities as per provision of Article 243Y of the Constitution read with Section 269 of the Tripura Municipal Act, 1994 and make recommendations to the Governor as to:

• The principles which shall govern (i) the distribution between the state and the municipalities of the net proceeds of the taxes, duties, tolls and fees leviable by the state which may be divided between them under this part and the allocation between the municipalities at all levels of their respective shares of such proceeds; (ii) the determination of the taxes, duties, tolls and fees which may be assigned to, or appropriated to the municipalities; (iii) the grant-in-aid to the municipalities from the consolidated fund of the state; and

• The measures needed to improve the financial position of the municipalities.

The second SFC has been set up in October 2004.

(h) Actions on SFC Recommendations

Recommendations of first Tripura SFC have been accepted, with some minor modifications by the government17. The major accepted recommendations pertain to devolution of financial powers to ULBs for revenue generation and financial management. 5.5% of the states tax revenues have been allocated to ULBs, an important provision for ensuring financial viability. Other recommendations pertain to improvement in accounting, auditing and budgeting system and also includes preparation of action plan for strengthening of municipal management.

10.5. GOVERNING STRUCTURE OF AMC

As per the provisions of the Tripura Municipal Act, the organizational structure of the AMC consists of two distinct divisions: (a) political wing; and (b)

17 Source: “State Urban Development Strategy paper under the guidelines of IDSMT”, Nov 2004, Town and Country Planning Organization, urban development department, government of Tripura.



administrative wing (see Figure 10-2). A brief discussion on each of the wings is given in the subsequent sections.

AGARTALA MUNICIPAL COUNCIL

Legislative / Political Wing(17 Councilors + 8 Sector

Presidents – (upto Dec. 2005)

Chairperson

Chairperson-in-Council

Vice-Chairman

Executive Officer

Zonal Office-4

Ward Committee

Executive / Administrative Wing

Chief Executive Officer

General Administration

Account Section

Public Health Section

Public Works Wing

Revenue Section

Education and Poverty

Alleviation

Standing Committee

Standing Committee

Standing Committee

Standing Committee

COUNCILORS

Executive Officer

Zonal Office-4

Executive Officer

Zonal Office-4

Executive Officer

Zonal Office-4WARD / ZONAL LEVEL

Figure 10-2: Existing Organisation Structure of AMC

10.5.1. Political Wing

The political wing functions on the model of chairperson-in-council system. It consists of 35 councilors. Under democratic set-up, the chairperson is the head of AMC. The chairperson is elected by the councilors. The council consists of a chairperson, a vice-chairperson and four executive members.

Chairperson-in-Council

Chairperson-in-council is the executive body of the AMC. The chairperson-in-council, has executive powers of the council and is the main policy maker of the council. The chairperson who heads the chairperson-in-council is the executive head of the AMC. The chairperson nominates vice-chairperson amongst the elected members as soon as he assumes office (see Figure 10-3). Of the total elected councilors, the chairperson also nominates/appoints four of them to act as presidents of four committees, known as standing committee. These standing committees assist the council in :

• Public works, • Public health, • Finance, and • Social welfare.

Of which, as per the provisions of the Tripura Municipal Act, 1994, the chairperson acts as the ex-officio president of the finance committee. The term of the standing committee is two and half years. Secretary of the council acts as



ex-officio secretary of the standing committees. Table 10-2 presents role and responsibilities of each of these standing committees. Therefore, the chairperson-in-council consists of chairperson, vice-chairperson, presidents and members of standing committee and presidents of zonal committee and sector presidents (special invitee and will not have voting right) and councilors (see Figure 10-3).

CHAIRPERSON-IN COUNCIL OF AGARTALA MUNICIPAL COUNCIL

Chairperson(Elected by Councilors)

Vice Chairperson(Appointed by Chairperson)

Standing Committee -

Finance

Standing Committee –

Public Health


Public Works


Social Welfare/Women

Councilors

Chief Executive Officer

Secretary (Ex- office Standing

Committee)

Members Members Members Members

Presidents of Sector Committee (Invitee Member)

Members

Figure 10-3: Structure of Chairperson-in Council of AMC

Table 10-2: Role and Responsibility of Steering and Standing committee, AMC Committee Role and Responsibility Composition

Public Works Committee

• Prioritise Infrastructure projects to be consideredfor financial year.

• Members not exceeding than four, (CEO or other officers of the municipality to be ex-officio secretary, appointed by chairperson

• Prepare budget estimate with the help of PWD section of AMC.

• Sanction the projects for further action. Oversee the implementation of sanctionedproject.

• Elected among themselves.

• Approve variation in approved list of project. • May have nominated member

with requisite qualification.

Public Health Committee

• Implementation of vaccination and health careprogrammes sponsored by GoI and Government of Tripura.

• Members not exceeding than four, (CEO or other officers of the municipality to be ex-officio secretary, appointed by chairperson.).

• Solid waste management programme. • Environmental awareness and clearances. • Oversee functioning of government hospitals and

dispensaries. • Elected among them. • May have nominated member


Finance Committee

• Preparation of budget. • Preparation financial statements, • Monitoring and evaluation of budget

implementation. • Fund allocation business. • Place the budget in council. • Monitoring and evaluation of financial health of

AMC. • May have nominated member


• Members not exceeding than four, (CEO or other officers of the municipality to be ex-officio secretary, appointed by chairperson


Social Welfare and Women Committee

• Implementation of social welfare schemes of GoIand Government of Tripura.

• Work towards empowerment and social and

• Members not exceeding than four, (CEO or other officers of the municipality to be ex-officio



Committee Role and Responsibility Composition financial development of women.

• Conduct cultural and social programmes and events.

• Development of socially deprived class andeconomically backward people.

• May have nominated member with requisite qualification.

• AIDS control and prevention.

secretary, appointed by chairperson


There are ward committees in the existing wards. While, the newly added areas of the AMC have been divided into eight sectors and being looked after by nominated sector committees. This is a transitional arrangement till next municipal elections are held. Ward councilors during the first meeting of the council immediately after the election will elect one member as a chairperson. The chairperson has the following powers. However, s/he has to report before the council for sanction and approval:

• Preside over the meeting of the chairperson-in-council; • Power to decide time and place for chairperson-in-council meet; • Power to decide the functions of members of the standing committee; and • Power to execute some necessary work during emergency.

Chairperson of the council will preside over the council meeting and s/he is responsible for municipal meetings and proceedings held.

Sector Committee (Transitional arrangement)

The next hierarchy in the political wing is Sector Committee. With the extension of the boundaries of AMC and in order to better cater to the needs of an additional 200,000 people, the GoT issued a series of orders and notifications in late 2004 and early 2005 on the reorganized set up of the AMC. Pending delimitation of the new wards, the extended area were divided into 8 sectors, the staff and assets of the erstwhile panchayats were transferred to the sector offices and these offices were authorised to carry out all the functions expected of the ward office.

The sector comprises group of contiguous wards for administrative expedience and greater. Each sector is headed by a sector committee for carrying out the development works as per the Tripura Municipal Act, 1994. It is purely a temporary/transitional in nature and has been dissolved with organization of election.

As per the Tripura Municipal Act, 1994, the sector committee is headed by a president. The chairperson appoints any person from the nominated members to act as the president of the sector committee. It consisted of minimum 7 and up to a maximum of 11 members. On the administrative front, one senior staff and two assistants assisted the committee. The sector committees were responsible for overall development of the sector implementation of works collection with municipal taxes/fees, etc. as assigned to them time to time by the council; suggest/recommend works, particularly for public works and public health for general improvement/development. The sector committee have ceased to exist as elections to the wards were conducted in Dec 2005.



Ward Committee

The next hierarchy in the political wing is nagarik committee at the ward level. As per Tripura Municipal Act, each ward can have one ward committee. The councilor of concerned ward will be the chairman of ward committee. The chairperson and councilor have the powers to nominate members of ward committee and the number depends upon the population of the ward. It consists minimum of 7 and up to a maximum of 11 members.

The ward committee discharges functions prescribed by zonal committee such as:

• responsible to hold an annual public meeting to discuss the administration report of the municipality and future plans and programmes;

• redressal of citizen's grievances; • committee helps the council in identification of problems of the ward, fixation of priority of the

problems and in overseeing the proper execution of various works in the ward relating to urban services; and

• responsible for planning and functioning of various obligatory and discretionary functions and arranging Annual general meeting of the residents of the ward.

10.5.2. Executive Wing

Council office

On the executive side, the Chief executive officer (CEO) assists the chairperson. The CEO heads the administrative wing of AMC. There are 6 sections in the AMC namely; administration, account, public health, public works, revenue section and education and poverty alleviation (Figure 10-4). The functions of each sections are given in Table 10-3.

Zonal Office

The next hierarchy is zonal office. The municipal area has been divided into three zones comprising a group of contiguous wards for administrative expedience and greater interests of the public and its employees and zonal offices have been established. This is a major measure of decentralization. The zonal offices work for overall development of the zone, carry out all relevant works defined in Tripura Municipal Act, 1994 for the municipality. The zonal office functions as per the directions of the CEO. The zonal offices are headed by executive officers from the Tripura Civil Service.

The main activities of the zonal office, inter alia, are assessment of property tax/fees, collection, licenses, touji, sanitation, drinking water, birth and death certificate, cleaning, solid waste management, street lighting, minor works and so forth.



AGARTALA MUNICIPAL COUNCILAdministrative Set Up

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

GENERAL ADMINISTRATION

ACCOUNTSECTION

PUBLIC HEALTHSECTION

PUBLIC WORKSWING

REVENUESECTION

EDUCATION AND POVERTY

ALLEVIATION

Branch Officer Accounts Officer Health Officer Senior Engineer Assessor Project Officer

Office Superintendent

Office Superintendent

Sanitary Inspector

Executive Engineer

Section Officer

Head Clerk Accountant Section in Charge

Section in Charge

Section in Charge

Head Clerk

Asstt.Engineers

OfficeSuperintendent

JuniorEngineer

Section inCharge

• Personal & training cell• Council & ward

officeaffairs• Law cell• Person cell • Confidential & pubic

grievances cell• General receive &

displace cell• Generals to be & office

care taking cell

• Audit & Account cell • Bill cell• Budget & Accounts • cell• Cost cell• P.F. cell

• Medical services & • general health care

cell• Sanitation cell• Low casts allocation• Birth & Death • Registration cell

• Administrative cell• Tender cell• Accounts cell • Cash (P.W.) cell• Planning cell• Sub-division No.1• Sub-division No.2• Sub-division No.3• PWD store • Garage cell

• Assessment cell• Tax collection cell• Total allotment cell • Survey cell• License cell • Domestic water • supply• Personal & office • care taking cell• Collection Counter• Field collection team

• Social education cell• Poverty alleviation • cell• Municipal school• Town hall • Library & reading • room • Orphan home • Statistical cell

Zonal Office

Sector Office

Zonal Officer

Sector Officer Figure 10-4: Structure of Executive Wing of AMC

Table 10-3: AMC – Functions of Sections of AMC

Section Functions

General Administration Section

• Maintain personal files and service books of the employees including leave records

• Execution of pay bill • Maintenance of records related to gratuities and contributions • Maintenance of land records. • Elections of ward commissioners. • Government notification • Maintenance of training programs from government and from private

entrepreneur. • Dealing all government correspondence, issues and receipts. • Maintenance of government proceedings.

Accounts Section

• Preparation of budget of the municipal board. • Preparation of proposal for grant from the state government • Salary bills and contributions fund • Payments of bills related to municipal expenditures • Management of income and expenditure • Maintaining cash books

Public Health Section • Registration of births and deaths and issuing birth and death

certificates. • Management of solid waste and cleaning of drains.

Public Works Section

• Construction works of the municipality including roads, drainage system, community halls, etc.

• Fixation of the annual rental values of the building of imposing the taxes on the new constructions

• Street lighting arrangements • Providing building permission within Municipal Area. • Dealing with unauthorized constructions.

Revenue Section • Prepare the bills for taxes to be collected. • Calculate taxes as per the annual value (AV) given by the public

works section



Section Functions • Maintains demand register • Deals with cases related to mutation. • Issues licenses commercial establishments • Issues license to the contractors on contract basis for collecting the

taxes for parking places and tollgates. • Finalize tax bills by including arrear figures of tax fro properties, • Collect taxes and issue receipts. • Maintain records of tax collection • Transfer cash and cheques received form the tax payers to the

accounts section

Education and Poverty Alleviation Section

UPA Cell - The cell is primarily involved in the community-based activities under the poverty alleviation programs of the GoI like Swarna jayanthi shahari rozgar yojana (SJSRY) and National Slum Development Programme (NSDP). The key activities include formation of thrift and credit societies, urban self-employment etc.

10.6. RECENT MANAGEMENT REFORMS

10.6.1. Continuous Monitoring System:

Monitoring within AMC is done at five levels, namely, Council level, sector, Ward level, Zonal level and on the field.

10.6.2. E-Governance

For efficient management of the increasing administrative responsibilities and the welfare activities, AMC proposes a project on E-Governance. Under this project, following tasks are to be undertaken:

• To computerize all assets of AMC and all information related to AMC administration and functioning.

• Training of officials as per the requirement of the computerization system to be adopted. • Computerization in Financial and Property tax Departments • Civic centres to be set up whereby, total information are web based and linked. One can

calculate one’s own tax on line also one can find out the status of his/ her complaint. • Main sections incorporated under these are property tax, vehicle tax and any other licenses

Other sub-functions of the system:

• Float tenders on-line. • Budgets for the ongoing financial year • To incorporate the current status of all infra structure projects. • Setting up kiosks at all civic centres. • Downloading of forms related to:

- Shops and Establishments, - Property Tax assessment, - Town Development, - Online complaint lodging and status check of the central workshop complaints. - Property tax structure

10.6.3. Facilities available online:

Downloading of forms related to:

• Domestic Water Supply Connections, • Birth & Death Registration, • Application of new holdings • Mutation/Separation • Food license • Building plan approval • Health and sanitation



10.7. ISSUES

The issues those need to be addressed for overall development of urban governance for institutional development are given in Table 10-4. The focus areas of issues are legal, organization and function, finance, land, human resource management, and database and information management.

Table 10-4: Local Governance Development Issues Sector Issues

Legal • Devolution of more powers and functions to AMC, in the spirit of 74th CAA. • High dependency on state government for resources and approvals that is

against the spirit of the 74th CAA. • No implementation of Byelaws

Organization and functioning

• Lack of clarity for exercise of powers by committees, elected functionaries and nominated functionaries.

• Lack of clarity about the role to be performed by the officers and elected members of AMC.

• Absence of organizational structure. • Lack of accountability and transparency in functioning of AMC • Lack of experience in handling big infrastructure project.

Finance

• Improper Financial Organizational Structure. • Lack of financial and taxation powers. • Revenue collection system inefficient. • Poor record maintenance and asset management. • High dependency on grants and loans.

Land Development and physical planning

• Enforcement of land use control and building byelaws in Agartala • Absence of cadastral mapping. No record of public land.

Human resource management

• AMC does not have the required technical and skilled staff. • Need to prepare office manual. • No accountability.

Data base and information management

• Very Poor Data Base and Information Management • No asset management. • Traditional land record and registration system


11111... CCCooommmmmmuuunnniiitttyyy CCCooonnnsssuuullltttaaatttiiiooonnnsss 111.1. INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the participatory process undertaken to prepare City Development Plan and highlights the key findings of consultation. The participation process for CDP Agartala constituted of consultations where Stakeholders were involved through interviews and focus group discussions to gauge situation assessment in terms of levels of urban services, and infrastructure needs for improvement etc.

11.2. STAKEHOLDERS PROFILE

To get the overall picture of the infrastructure status in Agartala, different stakeholders profile were consulted. The consultation process was formulated to target stakeholders at varied levels.

• Primary stakeholders such as the community, gender groups, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), those directly affected positively or negatively by it.

• Secondary stakeholders, those who influence in development intervention or are indirectly affected by it. They include elected representatives of People and the Govt Officials (Urban Administrative Departments).

11.2.1. Primary Stakeholder Consultation Findings

A total of fourteen primary consultations have been carried out in GAPA. The details of the consultation program held in GAPA have been given in Table 11-1 and detailed outcome of the meetings have been presented in Appendix 11.1 to 11.14. The locations where Primary consultations have been carried out are shown in Figure 11-1.

Table 11-1: Details of Primary Consultation Program held in Agartala S. No

Type of Consultation Stakeholder Area, Ward Venue of

Consultation No of

Participants Details in Appendix

COMMUNITY 1 FGD Community,

Sector PresidentRajnagar, Sector 4 Aanganwadi 28 11.1

2 FGD Community, Sector President.

Joginder Nagar Sector 7

Sector Office 21 11.3

3 FGD Community Rampur, Ward No 8

Community Centre

15 11.3

4 FGD Community Ward No 11 Local Primary School

33 11.4

5 FGD Community, Sector President

Nandan Nagar, Sector 2

Sector Office 24 11.5

6 FGD Community, Sector President

Kashipur, Sector 3 Sector Office 34 11.6

7 FGD Community, Ward Councillors

Lichubagan, Chandaninamora

Local Temple 32 11.7

GENDER GROUP 8 Individual Chairperson, Agartala Office of State 1 11.8



S. No

Type of Consultation Stakeholder Area, Ward Venue of

Consultation No of

Participants Details in Appendix

COMMUNITY Interview Tripura State

Commission for Women

Commission for Women

9 Individual Interview

State Institution for Public Administration and Rural Development (SIPARD)

Agartala Cabin of Ms. Vandana Sinha, Sipard

2 11.9

10 FGD with Elected Representatives of Agartala Municipal Council

Women Councillors

Agartala Agartala Municipal Council

6 11.10

11 FGD with Elected Representatives of NGO

NGO-Tripura Adivasi Mahila Samiti

Agartala Office of the NGO

3 11.11

NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS (NGOS) 12 Individual

Interview NGO-Akash Deep Social Organisation

Office of NGO 5 11.12

13 FGD NGO- Open NSS

Office of NGO 1 11.13

14 NGO-Individual Interview

NGO-Maharaj Ganj Bazaar Samiti.

Few wards of the city and MG Bazaar Areas where the NGOs offer their services. Office of NGO 1 11.14


11-3

Figure 11-1: Location of Consultations


11.2.2. Consultations with Secondary Stakeholders

The secondary stakeholders are the decision makers and policy makers. Secondary stakeholders have been consulted especially on the technical and financial aspects related to the project such as approach, designing of the projects, identification and viability of sub projects, suitability of methods etc. Secondary stakeholder consultations have been in the form of workshops, interviews, meetings, presentations and site visits. The list of secondary level



stakeholders consulted in Agartala has been presented in Appendix 11.15. Table 11-2 mentions the secondary stakeholders consulted.

Table 11-2: Secondary Stakeholder Consultation Program held in Agartala Secondary Stakeholders met with in Agartala

Elected Representatives • Chief Minister/Minister • ULB Chairperson • Ward Councilors

Government Officers and Urban Administrative Departments

• Chief Secretaries • Commissioner/Secretaries • Head of line Departments • CEOs of ULBs

11.3. CONSULTATION FINDINGS

The outcomes of the consultations have been presented to enable an understanding of the current urban infrastructure situation in the project city, the impacts (adverse) due to the present situation and the changes sought by the community. For ease of understanding and clarity the topics have been prepared urban sector wise.

(a) Water Supply

The water supply at Agartala is through a piped system, shallow / deep tube wells and some open wells. The source of the piped water systems is through two intake points on the Haora River, and 49 deep tube wells. The underground water in Agartala contains high iron content and water supplied from 17 out of 49 tube wells is treated for iron removal. Table 11-3 summarizes the outcomes of consultations for water supply component with primary stakeholder groups in Agartala.

Table 11-3: Summary of Consultation Findings for Water Supply Component in Agartala Issues raised by stakeholders

S.No Stakeholder Present service Delivery/Other issues Effect Proposals/suggestions

for improvement 1 Community

Baseline Water Table high in city. Service level Present Quality and quantity of water is not satisfactory. Very few amongst the consulted households have piped water supply connection. Piped water not supplied to slum areas. Quality Water supplied from tube wells without iron removal or treatment. Cost recovery

Large number of hand pumps as water table is high Dependency on tube wells, water stand posts and hand pumps in peripheral areas, where piped supply is not available. Slum residents have no option but to drink tube well water having high iron content. Alum dosing practiced to reduce effect of iron. Incidence of Water borne diseases is common

Piped water supply preferred by all consulted. Need for more public water stand posts in slum and low income group localities. Iron removal plant to be set up. Extension of existing distribution lines from tube wells. Overhead tanks to be constructed. Inability of low-income groups to pay more than INR 20-30 per month for piped water connection.


11-5

Issues raised by stakeholders S.No Stakeholder Present service

Delivery/Other issues Effect Proposals/suggestions for improvement

Monthly charge for water is INR 20-30 per month.

2 Gender

Service delivery Coverage of water supply network limited in the city. Poor ground water quality with high iron content. Areas such as Chandmari and Indranagar have pressing water supply problem.

Women depend directly on river for bathing, washing. Social insecurity faced by women as they have to bathe, undertake daily chores in open Occurrence of waterborne diseases common

Extension of water supply network to entire city. More Iron removal plants to be set up.

3 NGO

High Iron Content in Drinking Water. Ground water sources contaminated.

Ground water contaminated due to disposal of sewage in drains and unlined septic tanks. Outbreak of waterborne diseases common.

Urgent need for water supply system for whole city. More tube wells to be dug up

(b) Sewerage

Agartala city is not covered by sewerage system at present. Sewage disposal from households is predominantly through septic tanks and soak pits (83.1%). Water table in the city being high, the possibility of septic tank effluents contaminating the groundwater is high. The other means of wastewater disposal is through storm water drains. A large number of households release the soak pit effluents into storm water drains, thus creating insanitary conditions.


The situation is further aggravated by use of storm water drains for disposal of solid wastes, especially in colonies inhabited by poorer sections of the society. A large number of pit latrines is found along riverbanks. Open defecation is widespread among lower income group people especially those living along river, nallah banks and in rural areas. The consultations conducted with the primary stakeholders, and their suggestions for sector improvements have been summarized in Table 11-4.

Makeshift toilet overhanging on River Haora in Agartala

Table 11-4: Summary of Consultation Findings for Sewerage Component in Agartala Issues raised by stakeholders

S. No Stakeholders Present service

Delivery/Other issues Effect Proposals/suggestions

for improvement

1 Community

Existing sewerage system: Kutcha pit latrines used by majority of population. Open defecation widespread.

People bathe in open at ponds hand pumps. Makeshift toilets constructed overhanging

Proposed Solution: Public sewerage system preferred by all income groups in all consultations.


11-6

Issues raised by stakeholders S. No Stakeholders Present service

Delivery/Other issues Effect Proposals/suggestions

for improvement Most of the households do not have enclosed bathing space. No awareness about Public Sewerage System. Views Refusal to share toilets with other households in low-income groups and slum dwellers. Existing Schemes Finance for building individual toilets under Low Cost Sanitation Scheme of AMC available.

on rivers and nullahs. Waste disposed directly into river Economically weaker sections consulted People cannot afford to avail of Low Cost sanitation scheme (LCS)

Cost of System Inability to pay more than INR 10-25 per month for public sewerage connection to AMC. Slum dwellers willing to pay nominally for maintenance of community toilets. Specific Proposal Need of one toilet block for 20 families in Nandan Nagar /slum areas.

2 Gender Most households in slum areas have dry latrines Absence of bathing spaces in most households

Women bathe in open and faces embarrassment and insecurity

Enclosed bathing spaces, sewerage facility required. Willingness to pay for public Sewerage system

3 NGO

Absence of sewerage system

Spread of diseases and ground water contamination due to unlined septic tanks, disposal of night soil in drains

Public sewerage system needed for the city

(c) Drainage

Government of Tripura Urban D

The total length of storm water drainage in Agartala is around 60 km. About 50% of the existing city area is covered by the open drains. These drains carry not only storm water drainage but also sanitary wastes, which is discharged into the drains from septic tanks and toilets.

During the rainy season, the water levels in the Haora and Katakhal rivers increase severely floodiareas of Agartala. The problem becomes severe due toBangladesh. This leads to disruption of business, damage to causes health problems related to poor sanitation and water sua fairly extensive drainage infrastructure, including pumps to lift wto the two rivers. Table 11-5 highlights the drainage relatedconsultations held with primary stakeholders in the city

A flooded street in Agarta

evelopment Department

ng the down town backflow from

infrastructure and pply. The city has ater from the city

issues from the

la –a routine affair



Table 11-5: Summary of Consultation Findings for Drainage Component in Agartala Issues raised by stakeholders S.

No Stakeholder Present service Delivery/Other issues Effect Proposals/suggestions for

improvement 1 Community

Present network Absence of proper drainage system. Service Delivery Most of the drains unlined and choked with silt and solid waste. Drains with silt lying unattended on sides observed. Uncleared silt flows back into drains with each rain. Unauthorized constructions on riverbed. Most of city roads do not have drains.

Water logging and flooding common during rainy season. Roads get waterlogged during rains. Water logging remains for 3-4 hours in most areas. Houses near the river & in low-lying areas have to be evacuated during the rainy season. Water logging for 2 months in a year in some areas. Backflow of water causes flooding in Agartala.

Drainage system to be improved. Drains to be widened and deepened. De-silting of drains and rivers to be carried out. Retaining walls to built along the river. Drains to be lined and aligned properly. Construction of check dams to stop flow of water into Bangladesh.

2 Gender Poor Drainage system in city.

Water logging and flooding for most part of the year.

3 NGO

Poor drainage system in city.

Absence of drains even along main roads.

Widening of existing drains in the market area

The community has put the following proposals for drainage improvements in GAPA as shown in Table 11-6. The proposals have been evaluated technically by the sector specialists, and where found feasible, proposals have been included as part of sub project proposals for the respective sector. Figure 11-2, Figure 11-3 and Figure 11-4 depict the proposals identified by the community. The proposals given by the community have been evaluated technically by the sector specialists. Where ever feasible, proposals have been included as part of sub project proposals for the respective sector.

Table 11-6: Drainage Improvement Proposals for Agartala S. No Drainage improvement Proposals Area/Person Figure No

1 Drainage- Construction of drain from Manindra Das House to Paenna charra, via Bijoy Das house. Also needed- A culvert near Bijay Das ‘s house. Length of the drain is about 1-1/2 kms

2 Drainage improvement in Kanta sewla area. Retaining wall also needed.(to find out location of retaining wall.)

3 Drainage improvement from house of Gopal Pradhanpada to Haora River (length –3 kms)

4 Improvement of Drainage system from Bankuman Town hall to Vidyasagar market. Length –3 kms.

5 Retaining wall, box culvert and drainage improvement alongside road from house of Manoranjan Devnath to Burman tilla.

Jogendra Nagar /Sector 7

Figure 11-2

6 Drainage improvement alongside road from house of Prana Vallabh Ghosh via gengai road till house of Sadhan Das.

Rampur/Ward No 6

Figure 11-3



S. No Drainage improvement Proposals Area/Person Figure No

7

Drainage improvement form Military Cant ot Katakhal.Length of drainage- 3 kms. Drain to be lined, aligned and widened from present 2-3 m width to upto 5 m width.

8 Improvement of drainage on both sides of road form Don Bosco School to Chandrapur. Length –4 kms

Sector 2/Nandan Nagar

9 Drainage improvement of road from Motbari to ICDC center Chandaninamora South. Chandaninamora

10 Drainage improvement and blacktopping of road from Netaji Club to Paddyland. Length- .5-.7 kms

11 Provision of drain (no drain presently) on Assam Agartala Road, Form Trinath Mandir to R.K.Nagar Road via Daspara. Length – 2-1/2 kms.

Kashipur/ Secor 3

Figure 11-4



Figure 11-2



Figure 11-3



Figure 11-4



(d) Solid Waste Management:

The Agartala Municipal Council (AMC) is responsible for the solid waste management (SWM) in Agartala. The major sources of solid waste in the city are domestic, institutional, commercial, industrial, vegetable/fish/meat markets, and construction/demolition wastes.

The total generation of municipal solid wastes is about 195 mtpd. In addition to municipal wastes, about 1 to 1.5 t/d of bio medical hospital waste is generated per day1. In the absence of any separate system for collection of bio-medical wastes, it is mixed with municipal solid wastes (MSW).

The municipal solid waste is partially collected from house to house serviced by NGO’s. Segregation of MSW is not practiced any where in the city. It was observed that most of the people throw their SW on open drain, low-lying areas, and roadsides. The primary collection service is limited to central zone of present AMC boundary. Primary collection is through (i) street sweeping and (ii) house-to-house waste collection through NGOs. The house-to-house collection in Agartala is carried out by 42 NGOs. The issues that arose in the consultations on the aspect of Solid Waste Management have been listed in Table 11-7.

Table 11-7: Summary of Consultation Findings for SWM in Agartala Issues raised by stakeholders S.

No Stakeholders Present service Delivery/Other issues Effect Proposals/suggestions

for improvement 1 Community

Service Delivery Solid waste collection in select areas of the city. Peripheral areas not covered by SWM services. Waste collected from dustbins placed along roadsides every alternate day. Collection done once a week in other areas. No segregation of waste done presently. Urban Governance NGOs collect waste everyday in some wards, hired by AMC

Garbage burnt, buried in pits or thrown in open drains. Drains choked due to indiscriminate dumping of garbage.

Need for more dustbins SWM coverage by AMC to be increased. People willing to pay for SWM services, but not more than INR 20. Community willing to segregate waste if shown how to.

2 Gender Waste dumped on roads or drains. Lack of awareness on hygiene.

Unhygienic conditions created. Waste collection trucks do not access areas away from main roads and peripheral areas.

Waste Collection service to be extended to all areas.

1 From the 4 hospitals and few small nursing homes having about 1400 beds facilities



Issues raised by stakeholders S. No Stakeholders Present service


3 NGO

Service Level Door to door collection of waste undertaken in several wards of the city. Undertake awareness campaign of cleanliness, segregation of waste. Cost Recovery INR 20 per family & INR 50 from a multi family household. Commercial rates vary from INR SWM Equipment NGO given 1 tricycle per 200 households by AMC

Waste collection equipment provided by AMC inadequate.

Need for waste collection vehicles and other equipments to offer better services. Monetary incentives to be provided by AMC to NGOs. Demand for more landfill sites.

(e) Transportation

Agartala is situated on the Assam-Agartala-Sabroom Road (NH-44). The surface communication with the rest of the country is only by NH-44, which connects Agartala with Silchar, Guwahati and other towns of Assam. At present there are no rail linkages within the city.

While the road system in the city of Agartala follows a gridiron pattern in the central area however, it is haphazard and ill planned in the all areas.

The area under circulation on roads is 12.7% of the total area of city. However, due to mixed traffic and major encroachments along most of the roads, high levels of congestion exist in these areas of the city. There are a number of link roads emanating from the central core area of Agartala, but these are not well planned and have insufficient road widths. Table 11-8 lists the Traffic and Transport related issues identified from the primary stakeholder consultations.

Table 11-8: Summary of Consultation Findings for Transportation in Agartala Issues raised by stakeholders

S. No Stakeholder Present service


1 Community

No electrification along the feeder roads. Absence of drains along roads. Traffic congestion in feeder roads to the NH. Roads in commercial areas narrow and congested.

Roads waterlogged during rains. Bad geometric and surface quality of roads cause accidents

General Proposals Feeder roads to be electrified. Feeder roads to NH to be widened, roads leading to commercial places, bus stand etc to be widened. Riding quality of roads to be improved Specific Proposals



Issues raised by stakeholders S. No Stakeholder

Present service Delivery/Other issues Effect Proposals/suggestions for

improvement Refer Summary of Consultation Findings for location specific Drainage related proposals

2 Gender Lack of street lighting on roads

Unsafe for women to venture out after dark

Adequate street lighting to be provided on roads.

3 NGO

Traffic Congestion along main roads in city

Time delays and accidents and increased accident rates

All roads passing through market area need to be widened Traffic management measures need to be adopted

Several specific road proposals have been identified by the community and have been presented in Table 11-9. Figure 11-2, Figure 11-3 and Figure 11-4 depicts the transport proposals identified by the community in several meetings. All the transportation proposals have been scrutinized and given due consideration by the transportation and sector specialists. Some of the suggested stretches have been included in the transportation proposals for the city. Proposals, localized in nature and not meeting the criteria for selection have not been included. The outer ring road for the city includes some of the stretches suggested by the community.

Table 11-9: Traffic and Transportation Proposals for Agartala S. No Traffic and Transportation Proposals Area/Person Figure No

1 Road improvement in Kanta sewla area. Retaining wall also needed

2 Widening of road from house of Gopal Pradhanpada to Haora River (length –3 kms)

3 Widening of Road from Bankuman Townhall to Vidyasagar market. Length –3 kms.

4 Road-Development of road form NanduDlnath ‘s shop to Kalipada Das house-Length of the road is 1-1/2 kms

5 Retaining wall, box culvert and drainage improvement and road widening of road from house of Manoranjan Devnath to Burman Tilla.

Jogender Nagar/Sector 7

6 Widening of road No 9 AD Nagar starting form Beltola to Milan Sangha (on NH) via Suraj para Arovinda Sangha.Length of road- 2.5 kms/17’ wide.

7 Widening of road form Kalitila (Bhattapupur) via Chorubs Club Sevak Sangha (Ad Nagar Rd No 1). Length of road 3 kms.

Ward No 11

Figure 11-2

8 Widening of road from house of Prana Vallabh Ghosh via gengai road till house of Sadhan Das.

Rampur / Ward No 8

9 Widening of road form Don Bosco School to Chandrapur with improvement of drainage on both sides. Length –4 kms

Sector 2/Nandan Nagar

10 Blacktopping of road from Netaji Club to Paddyland. Length- .5-.7 kms

11 Road from Harijan Colony via Chandaninamora to Usha Bazaar. Length- 6 ms wide.

Chandanina-mora

Figure 11-3

12 Widening of road form Chandrapur to Khayarpur via Mariam Nagar.Length 6 kms

13 Widening on Assam -Agartal Road near house of Makhan Debnath to house of Narayan Shah Kashipur via house of Sharon Dey.Length –2 kms

Kashipur / Sector 3

Figure 11-4



S. No Traffic and Transportation Proposals Area/Person Figure No

14 Widening of road and provision of drain (no drain presently) On Assam Agartala Road, from Trinath Mandir to R.K.Nagar Road via Daspara. Length – 2-1/2 kms

15 Widening of Assam Agartala Road, From near Sherwali point to Haridas Das house. Length- 1 km.

16 Widening, On Assam- Agartala Road, From Petrol Pump to Sudhir Shah’s House. Length- 1 km.


11-16

AAppppeennddiixx 1111..11

FGD HELD WITH COMMUNITY AT RAJNAGAR WARD

Ward Profile: The area is hardly a km away form the Bangladesh border and many of the people in the area seem to be encroachers on govt. land. Most of the houses of this settlement are constructed in the riverbed of River Haora.

Profile of Participants: Most all the participants were BPL cardholders and agricultural workers. The participants were a mix of legal titleholders, slum dwellers and people living in unauthoareas. The women work as housemaids to earn their living.

Some of the participants in the

Consultation Findings/Issues Discussed

Water Supply

• Participants informed that none of the residents of the area had PHED piped water sconnection, while 5 people owned tube wells.

• Others were depended on public hand pumps or stand posts. The participants informemost of the public hand pumps in the area were not functioning or needed servicing.

• It was informed that the quality of water was not good and had high iron content Pmentioned that they used alum dosing to reduce the adverse impact of high iron content.

• Residents of the area suffered from dysentery, stomach ache etc due to the water quality.informed that water supplied by the PHED was not treated to remove iron.

• On being asked about improvements in water supply, participants asked for piped water sHowever they expressed inability to pay more than INR 20 per month.

Sewerage

• Only two of the participants had individual toilets connected to septic tanks. The rest had ktoilets structures and pit latrine system.

• None of the households had individual bathing places. • People claimed that no night soil was disposed in the open drains. However it was informe

the houses built in the river beds had kutcha toilets along the river bed which disposed nigin the river directly.

Government of Tripura Urban Development

• One of the male participants informed that in the adjoining locality they constructedcommunity toilet to serve 15 households without any govt. grant or loan or help.

• People were explained of the functioning of a public sewerage system and the advantagthe public system over pit latrines or septic tanks.

• While everyone readily agreed in favour of the public sewerage system, they expressed into pay more than INR 20 a month.

• Participants were then asked about willingness to use community toilets. All the particrejected the idea of using community toilets.

Drainage

• The participants informed that although they locality was very close to the Haora river it doverflow its embankment.

• They however informed that Bangladesh had constructed check dams downstream interritory due to which backflow of waters in the river was created during monsoons and flotook place.

• They mentioned that the area was subjected to water logging for two months in a yeaduring the rainy seasons people living on the river beds had to move to safer areas till thesubsided.

rized

FGD

upply

d that

eople

They

upply.

utcha

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Department

one

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ability

ipants

id not

their oding

r and water



Solid Waste Management:

• The people mentioned that there was no solid waste collection facility in their area. • The nodal officer of the municipal council informed that as the area was recently included in the

extended municipal council area, the service was yet to be extended to the area. • They were informed that the council was planning to hire an NGO to collect waste in the area.

Most of the people dumped garbage in the river Haora, alternatively, they dumped waste in pits dug near their houses.

Transportation

• People expressed willingness to relocate in case any residential land was required for any new roads for the larger interest to the society and their own development.

• They requested for overall development and widening of roads in the area.

Priorities for Development

• Sewerage & Sanitation • Water • Road development • Drainage • Solid Waste Management


11-18


FGD AT JOGENDRA NAGAR, SECTOR 7

Profile of Participants:

The participants were all women who belonged to lower income groups. All the participants were legal titleholders of their houses. Most of the people in the area work as daily wage labourers. Among the participants 11 women were housewives while the others worked for a living. Amongst the workingwomen were several who had started self-help groups2. The works undertaken by the women were bamboo works, selling of ready-made garments, broiler, and piggery.

Participants in the FGD at Jogendra Na ar

Consultation Findings/Issues Discussed:

Water Supply

• Only 9 women amongst the participants informed that they received piped water supply. rest depended upon the public water stand post.

• The participants informed that their area had about 150 public water posts which wereadequate. They put forward the need for more as the water was supplied for less than andaily.

• The nodal officer informed in the meeting that the AMC had decided to disconnect some hydrants (except those in slum areas) as people were wasting a lot of water. As per normsinformed that for every hydrant they would close they would give piped water supply thouseholds.

• The participants complained about the high iron content. They had to use alum dosinminimize iron content in the water.

• On being asked about their preference all the participants wanted individual piped connehowever all of them expressed inability to pay more than INR 20 per month for the facility. Ibe noted that the people belonged to the lower income group and few were residents of slum

Sewerage

Government of Tripura Urban Development D

• All the participants informed that they had sewerage facility in the form of pit latrines. Howthey had no separate bathing spaces and bathed in the open.

• The participants were explained about advantages of public sewerage system and asked atheir preference on which they expressed desire for a public sewerage system in lieu oexisting system.

• However, on being asked about willingness to pay for the same they were unable to commito their low-income status.

• The AMC nodal office for the project, informed that the council had a Low Cost SanitScheme under which applicants could ask for part financing for building individual toilet.

2 Around 15 women formed a self-help group. Each of the member contributed INR 30-40.The total sum collwas deposited in a bank and the women took loan against the capital invested to start some income geneactivity

g

They

not hour

water they o 15

g to

ction, t is to

s

epartment

ever

bout f the

t due

ation

ected ration



Drainage

• Participants informed that part of the sector got waterlogged from the river Haora during rainy season. Houses built on the river bed/embankment had to be evacuated during such times

• People had to evacuate from their houses in low-lying areas about 2-3 times in the rainy season for a total period of 30 days.

• The participants added that the issue could be resolved by constructing an embankment but while flooding would be prevented in their area it would be diverted to the main city area. Hence they had to bear with the situation.

• On suggestions for improvements people asked for drainage, road development and retaining walls to be put up in Kanta Sewla area.


• The council had recently initiated waste collection in the area along the main roads. However the collection service was only 3-4 times a month.

• People expressed need for more dustbins in the area.

Transportation

• The participants expressed need for improving the roads. • They mentioned that while streetlights were functional on some of the main roads the other

residential areas had no lighting facility. • The community came up with the following suggestions for improvements in the road sector:

- Road from house of Gopal Pradhapada to Haora River-Widening of the road and drainage improvement required.The road is about 3 km in length.

- Bankuman Town hall to Vidyasagar market-Drainage Improvement required urgently. The length of the road is again 3 kms.

- Main road near house of Manoranjan Devnath to Burman Tilla, Retainaing wall, box culvert, drainage improvement and widening required.

- About 300 street lights –bulbs required in the whole secotr.,this was requested by the sector president.

The participants expressed their willingness to relocate if land was required for any of the road developments.


• Sewerage (toilet) • Drainage • Water supply • Solid waste management • Roads




FGD AT RAMPUR, WARD NO. 8

Profile of Participants: The participants comprised of all women group. The meeting was conducted at the Community Center for Total Literacy campaign. The total no of participants was 15. The issues discussed in the focus Group discussion are as given below.


Water Supply

• Participants informed that about 30 percent of the households in the area received piped water connection however the quality of water was far from satisfactory. The remaining population depended upon the water hydrants in the area, which numbered around 15.

• The iron content in water is high and alum dosing was practiced to reduce the effects of high iron.

• The AMC supplies water from deep tube wells without any treatment or removal of iron. • The nodal officer informed that the AMC is proposing to extend water connections to this area.

However among other problems one was that most of the houses were not registered and could not be given water connection.

• People expressed desire to have individual piped connection in the area. However they expressed inability to pay more than INR 30 per month for the facility.

Sewerage

• The participants mentioned that about 80 percent of the people had kutcha pit latrines while remaining did not have access to any sewerage facility. In addition none of the households had separate facility for bathing.

• On explaining about the functioning and merits of a public sewerage system, participants expressed desire to have a public sewerage connections. However they expressed inability to pay more than INR 25 a month for the same.

• On being asked whether they would be willing to use community toilets, they categorically refused to consider adopting the common facility. Reluctance to share the facility, and maintain it were some of the reasons they offered.

Drainage

• The participants explained that the drainage system was far from satisfactory in the area and mentioned that about 15 percent of the area was prone to flooding in rainy season

• Most of the roads had no drainage system and water logging took place during the rainy season for about 24-72 hours

• They added that people living near the river and in the riverbeds had to evacuate their houses during rainy seasons and take shelter in the local school’s as a result of which these schools get disrupted.

• It is to be noted that all constructions in the riverbed or river embankment are unauthorized constructions.

Transportation

• The participants asked for widening and drainage improvement of road starting from the house of Prana Vallabh Ghosh via Gangadh road near the house of Sadhan Das.

• On being asked about willingness to relocate in case land was needed for widening,the participants readily agreed.


• It was informed that the area is not covered by the collection service of NGO/Municipal council. • The council vehicle collected waste from the dustbins placed along the road every alternate day. • In some of the areas, NGO was appointed by AMC for door-to-door collection of waste.


• When asked about willingness to segregate waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste, participants expressed willingness to do so once a system for recycling was in place.


• Sewerage • Water supply • Drainage • Roads • Solid Waste Management

Participa

Government of Tripura

11-21

nts in FGD at Rampur

Urban Development

Department


11-22


FGD AT WARD NO 11

Stakeholder’s profile: The total numbers of participants were 33

Consultation Findings/Issues discussed:

Water Supply

• The participants informed that majority of the people did not have piped water supply connection from PHED with only about 20 percent having connection in the area however they received treated and iron free water.

• The frequency of water from these public water sources was satisfactory being two times a day for an average of 2- 3 hours each time. However the participants complained that they faced water shortage in case of power failure.

• Presently they depended upon hand pumps or shallow tube wells.

FGD at Ward No 11

• It was further informed that a new tank was in the process of being constructed by theand about 60 percent of the community would be supplied water once it was commissione

Sewerage

• More than 50 percent of the community depends on pit latrines as a sewerage system. Apercent of the participants said that they had kutcha bathroom or bathing room. Only percentage-(3-4 participants in the meeting) had a pucca bathroom.

• The participants were unaware of public sewerage system for which the advantages ovlatrine or septic tank system were explained.

• Later all responded in favour of the public sewerage system. However they expressed to pay more than INR 20-25 per month for the facility.

• The participants expressed opposition of using community toilets and rejected the idea inbeing explained the functioning and management of the facility.

Drainage

• The participants informed that only few areas in their locality got water logged.


• Water logging took 2-3 hours to clear away. They informed that their area was drainemain drains which were all kutcha, each being about 1-1/2 km long.

• They asked for the drains to be lined and aligned properly. They informed that the drain6 ‘ wide

Transportation

• The participants informed that there were few roads in the locality that needed improveThey had the following proposals for road improvements/up gradation. - Widening of road No 9 AD Nagar starting form Beltola to Milan Sangha(on NH) vi

para Aravinda Sangha.Length of road- 2.5 kms/17’ wide. - Widening of road form Kalitila (Bhattapupur) via Chorubs Club Sevak Sangha (Ad

Rd No 1). Length of road 3 kms.


• It was informed that 6 NGOs collect waste every day in the area . About 70 percent of this covered by the collection service. The AMC collects the waste from the main bins daily

• The nodal officer of the AMC informed that the NGO undertaking waste collection had asmore containers in the area to reduce the trip distance.

PHED d.

bout 40 a small

er a pit

inability

spite of

Department

d by 3

s were

ments.

a Suraj

Nagar

e area . ked for



• The participants expressed willingness to segregate the waste if a system was put into place for composting /recycling etc.


• Roads • Water Supply • Drainage • Sanitation • Solid waste management




FGD AT NANDAN NAGAR

Area profile: The councilor informed that there were about 4000 families in NadanNagar. About 10-15 percent of the locality are slum dwellers. The number of participants was 40.

Consultation Findings/Issues Discussed

Water Supply

• The participants informed that only about 2-3 percent of the people had PHED piped water supply connection. The monthly charge paid for water varied between INR 20 for panchayat area and INR 30 for municipal areas per month. The councilor informed that the area was supplied water from 6 deep tube wells.

• The capacity of each of the tube wells was 10-15000 gallons per hour. The councilor put forth the following proposals for improvement of water supply in the area on behalf of the community. - Extension of the existing distribution lines from the tube wells. About 2-3 km - Iron removal plant for the area - Need for 3 more tube wells to cater to the increasing population

The councilor informed that the above improvements were needed in light of the AMC decision to discontinue all water hydrants in the AMC area except the slum areas.

Sewerage

• The participants informed that only about one percent of the people in the area had toilets connected to septic tanks while the majority had pit latrines. Similarly only 1 percent had bathing rooms.

• The slum community expressed need for and willingness to use and maintain community toilets. • The councilor of the area commented a need for one toilet block for about 20 families. The

participants also raised the issue of assured water supply in the community toilets.

Drainage

• The participants and councilor informed that there was no water logging in the area. They had the following proposals for improvement of drainage, namely

• Improvement of alignment and lining of drainage channel from military kant to katakhal .The length of the drain was said to be 3 kms.

• The councilor put forth the need for widening the drain to 5 m width.

Transportation

• The councilor and participants informed that there were no street lights on the important feeder roads in the area and put forward the need for the same. - Drainage improvement form Military Cant to Katakhal.Length of drainage- 3 kms. Drain to

be lined, aligned and widened from present 2-3 m width to upto 5 m width. - Widening of road form Don Bosco School to Chandrapur with improvement of drainage on

both sides. Length –4 kms - The councilor also identified the need for avenue plantation along the identified roads.


• The participants on being asked about disposal of waste said they dug pits and dumped waste into it.

• The collection by AMC was done only along the main roads and frequency of collection was once a week.


11-25


• Sanitation • Water supply • Road • Drainage • Solid Waste Management

Government of Tripura
Urban Development De partment


11-26


FGD AT KASHIPUR / SECTOR 3

Profile of Participants: The participants comprised mostly of slum dwellers and people form low-income groups. The total number of participants was 34.


Water Supply

• The respondents said that only 5 percent had Phed connections. None of the participants from the slum areas had PHED piped water supply. They informed that the PHED had installed hydrants along the main roads. the participants complained that the water had high iron content.

• Participants expressed the desire to have individual piped water connections. The people including the slum dwellers expressed willingness to pay INR 20-30 per month for pure water.

• The participants informed that most of the houses could afford to have individual hand pumps, as water table in the area was quite high.

Sewerage

• None of the participants had a sewerage system of any kind. None of them had bathing facility and bathed in the open at ponds, or hand pumps or in the river.

• The people from slums expressed the need for community toilets. However; they also expressed inability to pay for urban services.

Drainage

• The people informed that water logging took place on an average for 2-3 hoursduring heavy rains. Sometimes the river Haora flooded and people living on the riverbed had to evacuate their homes and take shelter in the local school.

Transportation

The participants expressed the need of improvement in the following sections:

• Widening of road form Chandrapur to Khayarpur via Mariam Nagar.Length 6 kms • Widening on Assam -Agartal Road near house of Makhan Debnath to house of Narayan Shah

Kashipur via house of Sharon Dey.Length –2 kms • Widening of road and provision of drain (no drain presently) On Assam Agartal Road, Form

Trinath Mandir to R.K.Nagar Road via Daspara. Length – 2-1/2 kms. • Widening of Assam Agartala Road, Form

near Sherwali point to Haridas Das house. Length- 1 km.


• On Assam- Agartala Road, From Petrol Pump to Sudhir Shah’s House. Length- 1 km.

• People informed that none of the roads acting as feeder roads to the NH were electrified.


• It was informed that there was no solid waste collection in the area either by the AMC or any NGO. People said they dumped waste openly in the river or in pits dug for the purpose.

FGD in progress at 7.30 am in the morn g
in
epartment




It was found out that the priorities of participants who were slum dwellers varied from the other low income group people.

Lower income groups Slum dwellers • Public sewerage system • Sewerage-community toilets • Water supply • Roads and Drainage • Roads and Drainage including street

lighting. • Water Supply

• Solid Waste Management • Solid Waste Management


11-28


FGD AT CHANDANINAMORA

Profile of Participants

About 30 percent of participants were slum dwellers. All of them were women.8 of the participants held BPL cards and informed that they were not aware of any schemes that would benefit them. None of them was the recipient of SJSRY. One of the participants informed that she has been allocated a tin sheet for roofing under some scheme while four of the participants were beneficiaries of the Indira Awas Yojna. About 5 of the participants were availing of the NationPension scheme.

Participants in FGD at Chandaninam ra


Water Supply

• It was informed that none of the participants had piped water supply in their house participants relied on hand pumps and water hydrants installed by the AMC on roadsides.

• Only few of the participants owned hand pumps. The people informed that iron content whigh in the water. They further informed that water source was on an average at a dist250m from their house.

• They however were not satisfied with the insufficient quantity of water. People expwillingness to pay for piped water supply. However they expressed inability to pay moINR 20 per month.

Sewerage

• Almost 60 percent of the participants mentioned that they had pit latrines but none of thbathing facility. People bathed in the open at ponds or at hand pump.

• On being explained about the public sewerage system, the participants readily expressdesire to have one. However, they expressed after a lot of contemplation their inabilitymore than INR 10 per month.


• After ascertaining the inability of the participants to pay for sewerage system they wereabout acceptance of community toilets. The participants failed to reach at a consensuswillingness to use community toilets citing lack of civic sense among other users andconstraints for the toilet among other reasons.

• The slum dwellers amongst the participants expressed willingness to have communityHowever they expressed reluctance to maintain the toilets themselves. They also assurance on assured water supply in the toilets.

• On putting forth the question whether they would pay a token sum to AMC for upkeepcommunity toilets, as they were unwilling to do so, they agreed to pay INR 5-10 per Earlier they had refused to pay for the service and later traded the issue of maintenanceblock by the community with the aspect of payment.

Drainage

• Participants informed of water logging and flooding instances in Chandaninmora.

o

al Old

and all as very ance of

ressed re than

em had

ed their to pay

Department

asked on the space

toilets. wanted

of the month. of the



Transportation

• Participants said there was no electrification along the\feeder roads and asked or the same to be improved. They put forth the following proposals for Transportation. - Drainage improvement of road from Motbari to ICDC center Chandaninamora South. - Drainage improvement and blacktopping of road from Netaji Club to Paddyland. Length- .5-

.7 kms - Road from Harijan Colony via Chandaninamora to Usha Bazaar. Length- 6 ms wide.

• People expressed readiness to relocate for widening the road and for sake of development in their area.


• Participants informed that there was no collection service either by the AMC or by any NGO in the area. They dug pits and dumped garbage in it. Once the pit filled up they covered it and dug another pit for use. They also admitted to dumping garbage in the open drains along roads.


• Sewerage (toilets-Bathing space) • Drainage • Water supply (iron free) • Roads • Solid waste




MEETING WITH MS. CHAMPA DASGUPTA, chairperson, Tripura State Commission for Women


Gender

• The following gender issues were discussed - Critical lack of civic services impact women adversely. These include water supply problem,

unorganized slums with very poor/no sanitation and poor drainage. - Adverse impacts on health of women (59% of women) - Lack of awareness amongst women. - Violence against women, dowry, etc is present.

• From the discussions it was also identified that there are positive trends existing that can form the underlying basis of gender development such as, - Increased participation of women in decision making - Promotion of awareness amongst the poor women by women activists - Caste is not an important factor in the areas. There is social equality.

• The critical areas identified for gender development include, - Awareness of women regarding their rights including social, political and economic; - Sensitization of the community.

• At the micro level, two types of organizations functions. One, the self help groups that work for economic development of women and two, the NGOs that work for social up liftman.




CONSULTATION WITH STATE INSTITUTION FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Profile of the Institute:

State Institute of Public Administration and Rural Development (SIPARD) is a composite training institute for public administration and rural development in Tripura. The Institute has come into existence in the year 1993 and since then it has involved in organizing training programmes for State government officials, representatives of PRIs, and members of NGOs etc. working in the State.

The State Institution for Public Administration and Rural Development conducts gender training for empowerment of women. It accords training to member of Self Help Groups for employment generation and for monitoring SHG activities. It has delved in length in three gender specific areas, namely:

• Crime against women, • Women empowerment and • Micro credit.


• SIPAAD holds the following perceptions regarding involvement of women: - Involvement of women possible as literacy rates in the city are high and the institutional

structure of self-help groups are functioning. - Women should be involved in sensitization. - Encouraging income-generating activities in infrastructure related projects such as recycling

of plastics, vermicomposting, etc. - Training for empowerment important;




CONSULTATION WITH WOMEN COUNCILLORS

Profile of the participants: The participants consisted of members of the elected representatives of AMC which consisted Vidya Sagar Slum , Self Help groups, women from Lichubagan and Radha Nagar.


Participants from Vidya Sagar Slum raised the following issues:

• Water Supply • Coverage of water supply pipeline limited in the city; • Drinking water availability is a major problem;Areas such as Chandmari and Indranagar have

pressing water supply problem.

Members of the Self Help groups voiced the following opinions on Water Supply:

• Availability of water supply is not same in all areas of the city. Water supply network is not present for all areas of the city.

• Poor groundwater quality with high iron content. Diarrhea, skin diseases, etc are common in the city.

• Treated water reaches to very few areas in the city. • 30% of the slum population depends directly on the river for bathing, washing, etc. Besides

being unhygienic it is also a social problem. Bathing facilities should be provided in the slum areas that could include community bathrooms or bathing platforms specifically for women.

• Sanitation is a major issue in slum areas. Most households only have a dry latrine that is non-functional for most of the time.

• Solid Waste Management • Waste is dumped on roads or drains in most of the city. Several areas in the city have very

narrow lanes, where the municipal waste collection trucks cannot enter. • Door to door collection initiated by the AMC is not implemented. • Unhygienic conditions are created due to waste being dumped on the roadside and along the

drains.

Participants from Lichubagan discussed on Perception of Poverty:

• People who are poor usually have a BPL card. But there are several households that do not have a BPL card but earn very less (around Rs. 400-500/month). The women said that they would like to form a self help group for such households.

• Income Generation activities • The women felt that they do not get good value for money due to improper marketing. The raw

materials are also very highly priced. • Involvement in project • Expressed keen interest in participation in the project, if adequate training could be provided.

The areas of participation could be operation and maintenance activities in water supply and sanitation sectors.

Women from Radha Nagar

• Water supply, sewerage and sanitation and slum upgradation were the key issues.


11-33


CONSULTATION WITH TRIPURA ADIVASI MAHILA SAMITI

Stakeholder Profile:

The Tripura Adivasi Mahila Samiti is an NGO engaged in the following activities:

Forming and Training Self Help Groups in activities such income generation, lending, sanitation, hygiene etc.

The predominant tribal areas in Agartala include Krishnanagar, Abhoynagar and Banmdipur.

Office bearers of the NGO-AkashDeep Consultation Findings/Issues :

• Tribal women are mainly housewives; • There is constant immigration of tribals to the city • Major issue impacting women is poverty; • Sanitation and hygiene are major issues; • Dumping of solid waste in rivers; • The SHGs should be strengthened. Training of such SHGs is must. • The SHGs formed are mainly for the Below Poverty Line families, although all the BPL

cardholders are not necessarily poor. • Violence against women is present in urban areas. • Tribal women have on the whole progressed.


• Sewerage (toilets-Bathing space) • Drainage • Water supply (iron free) • Solid waste

Government of Tripura Urban Development Depart

• Roads

ment




FGD WITH AKASH DEEP, NGO INVOLVED IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

NGO Profile

• Established in Dec 2004 • Members - 12 nos • Collection area in 3 wards- 3, 6 • Percentage coverage- 80 % • Collection workers- 18 nos • Collection vehicle-19 Tricycles provided by the AMC(one tricycle provided for 200 households) • Total families in ward 3 area-2500. Complete coverage in ward 3.

Other NGOs operating in the Area

• Ward 16- 2 NGO’s • Ward 6- 2 • Collection Charge taken from each family- INR 20 • Collection Charge taken from BPL family- Nil • Collection Charges taken from low-income groups- INR 10 • Income of office bearers –700 per month. • Income of collector- 2000-2500 per month. • Proposed participation in NERUDP- waste collection, awareness campaigns.


• Drainage • Sewerage • Water Supply • Solid Waste Management • Transportation


11-35


INDIVIDUAL INTERVIEW WITH PRESIDENT OF NGO – OPEN NATIONAL SOCIAL SCHEME (OPEN NSS)

Profile of the NGO


The NGO is active in the realm of Solid Waste Management

• Area of Intervention-Solid Waste Management

Tricycle given by AMC to the NGO fo

Waste collection

• Area of Operation- Ward No –5,14,17 • Activities –Door to Door waste collection

and awareness campaign of cleanliness, segregation of waste

Activities of the NGO

Door-to-door Collection

• 75 percent of the households. Subscribe to door to door facility. Presently no collection is from commercial establishments. The NGO initiated door-to-door collection system for the ecity but eventually restricted its operation to three wards of the city.

Charges for Waste Collection

• The NGO charges about INR 20 from each family and INR 50 from a multi family householpercent of the earnings from the waste collection are used in paying the collection staff.remaining is used for maintenance and upkeep of the waste collection vehicles.

Awareness Campaigns

• The president informed that the NGO organized regular meeting and program for elderly repeople so that they could use their spare time to spread awareness about waste managein the wards.

Waste Collection Infrastructure

• The NGO has been given few waste collection tricycles by the Agartala Municipal Council. receive no other remuneration from the council. The council had given one tricycle perhouseholds whereas the president felt this was inadequate as one tricycle could serve onlyhouseholds in a day.

Suggestions for Improvement/Intervention

The president remarked that it was important to develop civic sense awareness regarding solid waste management in the city population.

Problems being faced by the NGO

The NGO president mentioned that it was difficult finding labour for wcollection, as the enumeration from the activity was not enough to sustainlivelihood of the collector. He mentioned that the collector normally worked froin the morning to 1-2 pm in the afternoon. A collector manages to collect wfrom 125 households against the 200 stipulated by the municipal council normone tricycle. The reason was that the location of dustbin was about 1-1/2 km a

r

epartment

done ntire

d .65 The

tired ment

They 200 125

and

aste the m 5 aste s for way



from the collection area. The income from the waste collected from 125 households was not enough to sustain the waste collector who normally did not find any other employment in the latter part of the day.

Collection Team

The ward wise details of personnel involved in SWM are: -

• Ward No 5- 7 collectors, 2 supervisors • Ward No 14-10 collectors, 3 supervisors • Ward No 17- 7 collectors and 2 supervisors.

Consultation Findings/Issues:

Suitability of Design of Waste Collection Tricycle

• The present tricycle provided by the AMC consisted of a metal grid on which 6 small containers could be placed .It was mentioned that the design was not satisfactory and that there needed to be one container instead of 6 small ones. The reason being that the small tins could not hold waste of large size or volume.

Willingness to Pay

• The People were not willing to pay more than INR 20 for waste collection.

Willingness to Segregate Waste

• He informed that in the present situation people were reluctant and even objected to segregate waste. He mentioned that more efforts were needed to be taken to spread awareness on the issue.

On Suitability of Waste for Composting

• The president informed that about 75 percent of the composition of garbage was biodegradable in nature and 25 percent was inorganic . He suggested that a waste to energy (bio fuel) plant could be set up for the city.

On Improvements in the Functioning of the AMC

• The President mentioned that the efficiency of waste collection was far from satisfactory in the area where the municipal council functioned.

• He was of the view that privatization of solid waste management was the best solution as the municipal council faced lots of labour union problems

• He further mentioned that the drainage issue which was so critical in the city which got flooded with the slightest rains was a result of inefficient functioning of the AMC. He clarified that the silt removed form drains was not disposed off but dumped along the drains, and eventually found its way into the drains again.

On Proposed for Landfill Sites

• The President felt that the proposed landfill at Nandan Nagar was better as compared to the one proposed at Nagichri. He attributed the reasons as better accessibility and safety. The Nagichri area he mentioned was about only a km away from extremist active areas.


• Water Supply • Drainage • Sewerage • SWM • Transportation




INDIVIDUAL INTERVIEW WITH PRESIDENT OF MAHARAJ GANJ BAZAAR SAMITI

(NGO Appointed by AMC for Collecting Commercial Waste in the Market Area)

Profile of the NGO

The NGO is appointed by AMC for collecting commercial waste in the Maharaj Ganj Bazaar Area. It was formed in Dec 1993.The NGO collects commercial waste from about 650 shops in the area. The NGO has about 8 collectors. The NGO has 4 trolleys to collect waste. The timings of waste collection in the area are from 9 am to 12 pm. About INR 20/- are charged per shop for waste collection. Vegetable vendors are charged INR 10/- per month .The NGO President informed that the Pollution Control Board had banned use of polythenes in the market. The President informed that about 60 percent of the market area was covered by its service.

It was informed that the collectors were paid INR 66 per day as wages and were hired on daily wage basis. The NGO receives no grant form the Agartala Municipal Council to carry out its operations.

Consultation Findings/Issues

Water Supply

• The President emphasized that a water supply system for the whole city was urgently required. He asked for more tube wells to be dug to draw water.

Sanitation

Drainage

• Widening of the existing drains of the Market area.


• Provision of adequate facilities for SWM workers such as brooms, wheelbarrows etc. The NGO asked for creation of more landfill sites through the NERUDP.

Traffic and Transportation

• All the roads passing through market areas needed to be widened.


• Water Supply • Solid Waste Management • Traffic and Transportation • Drainage • Slum Upgradation • Sewerage




SECONDARY STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTED IN AGARTALA

(a) Meeting held with Chief Minister and other officials

Issues discussed and outcome of Consultations

• Explaining of JNNURM objectives and work program • Reconnaissance visit to city • Discussions with Agartala Municipal Council and other line department such as PWD, PHED,

etc to understand their priorities and felt needs • Address the meeting with members of AMC – explaining the project and its components • Request for assistance and support to the team during the course of the assignment

(b) Meeting with women councilors of Agartala Municipal Council

Issues discussed and outcome of consultations

Education of Women

The Women Councilors mentioned that higher education for women was an issue in the city. Other problems included dropouts and average education of women was upto Class VIII only.

Employment

Employment for women was not an issue. Women have as much access to employment as men. Men do not discourage women from work. The women in slums work mainly as domestic maid, daily wage labour etc. Women are physically and mentally stressed, as they have to do both housework and also have to earn their livelihood.

Role of women in the Project

The Councilors queried about their role in the project as they felt that NERUDP is primarily an engineering and technical project. Specifically, they asked about the role of women in the project. In response, they were told that women could be involved in the planning and implementation of the project. Women could be involved in the construction phase as laborers.

Differential Wage Rates for Women

Mention was made of the differential wage rates for men and women. While women are paid only INR 70-100/day, men are paid around INR 120/day as labour in building construction.

Access to Banks, Loans for Self Employment

Access to bank loans for setting up self-employment ventures is not easily available.

Involvement of Women in Project

Knowledge and awareness generation about the project is required by the women. Only then, the training needs of women can be thought of. However,



training is required for women for taking up any economic activity. The existing self-help groups can be involved in project. Also, some women’s groups can also be involved.

(c) Consultations with Urban Administrative Departments by Sector

Issues discussed and outcome of consultations

Water Supply

• Planned site visits in consultation with other officials of PHED and Municipal Corporation • Proposals for improvements in water supply, • Overall approach to selection of sub projects in water supply, sewerage and drainage and solid

waste management • Likely sub projects in the fields of water supply, sanitation, drainage and solid waste

management • Status of water connections, revenue realization and role of AMC in sectors of water supply,

sanitation, and storm water drainage and solid waste management. • Plans of AMC to implement storm water drainage project • Site visits to river intakes, treatment plants, supply reservoirs, iron removal plants, proposed site

of intake on Gomti river and route of proposed pipeline • Storm water drainage scheme, progress of its implementation and future proposed works • Site visits to various drainage channels and areas prone to inundation

Sewerage

• Existing sewerage and drainage pattern of the city • Disposal of Sewerage system of Agartala • NBCC proposal for sewage facility in slum area along rivers and its financing • Disposal of septic tank effluents • Present functioning of AMC for managing septic tank system • NBCC proposal and NERUDP proposal to be complement each other. • Zoning for Sewerage system for Agartala • Location of STP for sewerage system • Visit to Radha slum and other areas and study of sewage system.


• Approach to Solid Waste Management in the project • Existing solid waste management in Agartala and problems encountered by AMC. • Existing SWM in the residential, commercial and institutional areas. • Discussion on Fleet details and disposal of wastes • Information on existing secondary data procured. • Environmental status report prepared by the Tripura Pollution Control Board (TPCB). Focus on

the amount and type of industrial, hazardous and biomedical waste generate in the city • Subprojects and costs involved. • Visit to Disposal site • Discussion on detail design of the compost plant • Detailed information on waste coming from the Hospitals/Nursing homes, Hotels and

Restaurant, Markets and commercial areas. • Functioning of NGOs collecting wastes in market and residential areas

Traffic and Transportation

• City level traffic issues • Projects for improvement of traffic and transportation. • Briefing on traffic surveys to be carried out in Agartala. • Collection of maps and secondary database for the city • Role of traffic police in solving problems related to traffic. • Acquired information about the traffic management schemes adopted in city • Acquired information about the growth of vehicles in Agartala • Site visit to various projects of road widening and improvement and other urban transport

projects



Environment and Social Assessment

• Discussions with the SPCB on the availability of information pertaining to environment for the city, especially on the water quality of the Haora and Khatakhal, the issues pertaining to solid wastes and the flooding of the city.

• Information sought on the air quality for the city. • Site Visits to roads being proposed to be taken up for proposed ADB funding. • Site visits to Haora and Khatakhal rivers, visits to slums along the rivers, interactions with the

slum dwellers at Radha nagar

Site Visit

• Visit to water Treatment Plant at College Tilla and Bardoli. • Visit to Iron removal plants located in different part of city. • Visit to existing dumping ground at Hapania and visit to the compost plant under construction at

Hapania. • Visits to sites of construction of roadside / storm water drains being undertaken by NBCC • Visit to bus terminals under construction

Issues raised and outcomes of consultations

• Existing proposal for solid waste disposal • Environmental protection and precautions to be taken with respect to the proposal. • Discussion on biodiversity rich area, Chandmari, • Hapani Dumping area- Appropriate site for conversion into forest area • Area between Anadnagar and Pratopgarh • Heritage trees;of Agortola :Bottola, Kar Choumani , Meher Kali Bari,Borgola kaligari, Durga

Chumani, Marchamani,Basudev Asram • Project of Forest dept. (a) Kunjaban- eco-park (4 hc) (b) Jubilee park (5 Hc) • Mandate of the ICAR, for Agartala region. • Bio-resource identification, site specific development of the technology and develop state of the

art for the region. • Varieties of crops and fruits available in the region • Discussion on College tilla rich in biodiversity, in Forested and wetland areas • Discussion on Project site: New intake with infiltration gallery at Both intake (college tilla)

(d) Urban Development

• Project components and the support required from the Government of Tripura. • Review of Landuse map of Greater Agartala and Greater Agartala Development Plan. • Policies pertaining to land-use, buying and selling of land, etc. • Urban expansion and mechanism of urban development planning. • Site visit for assessing the Landuse of the project city, and update of Landuse map • Information pertaining to land records, ownership of land, land costs, process of land transfer /

acquisition. • Information pertaining to property tax, shop and establishment tax, non-agricultural permission

charges, registration fee, stamp fee, development charges, etc. • Collection of documents - Town Planning Act, Revenue Code, Land allotment Act Rent Control

Act, Stamp Act • Request to include he heritage conservation component as a part of the project • Conceptual transportation plan for the city • Discussion on need for sewerage system and the costs involved • Discussion on infrastructure development priorities of the government. • Discussion on conceptual transportation plan for Agartala city. • Discussion on creating separate solid waste department within the AMC • Discussion on lining of Akhura Drain from Akhura check post till Secretariat-Discussion load

carrying capacity of the lining if a slab were to be cast on the drain to provide space for movement of NMT and Three wheelers auto rickshaws over the covered drain

• Use of concrete works in areas prone to flooding • Need to connect peripheral areas with the core areas • Measures adopted by consultants to reduce high iron content in water • Discussion on “Swajaal Dhara Scheme where government was able to recover 10% of capital

cost and entire O&M by community amounting around 2 crores rupees.



(e) Urban Governance

• Role of UDD with respect to urban projects • Role of AMC in management of water supply, sewerage, roads, storm water drains, street

lighting etc • Economic policies of Government of Tripura. • Ongoing and proposed infrastructures investments • Implication of Border Trade Policy • Revised administrative boundaries of Agartala • Urban local bodies and their area of jurisdiction • Development works proposed by other agencies • Expectations with respect to street lighting from the project. • Land management issues in Tripura • Tribal rights over land-present situation • Validity of Land Acquisition act in Tripura • Expectations with respect to street lighting from the project • Availability of remote sensing data for the state • New power corporation and the reform process in this sector, (earlier Power Department

functioned in the State). • Mandate of the Power Corporation and the working of the same. Information regarding

existence of the one man Regulatory Commission. • Aspirations of the Power corporation from the infrastructure viewpoint, that all cabling would be

preferred to be underground both for safety and aesthetics. • Application of the Central Acts in Land Acquisition, Forest and Environment. • New legislations are being contemplated in view of the impending development projects and

whether open to new legislation if need be. The first was answered in the negative and the latter in the affirmative

• Reconnaissance visits of the city

(f) Municipal Finance and Financial Analysis/Economic Analysis

• Discussion on and collection of information related to population and growth trends, economic base of the city, physical growth directions, etc.

• Economic policies of Government of Tripura. • Development triggers in the state and city • Ongoing and proposed infrastructures investments • Implication of Border Trade Policy • financial statements from the AMC • Understanding of the financial positions

11222... CCCiiittyyy SSSWWWOOOTTT AAAsssssseeessssssmmmeeennnttt 1 t12.1. INTRODUCTION

Assessment of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of a city forms a basis for preparation of a relevant city development plan. A city level SWOT analysis has been done in this chapter based on an assessment of the status of various sectors of the city. The chapter has been divided into four sections each describing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats respectively.

The Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats for the state of Tripura towards achievement of this vision are outlined in Box 12.1. The preparation of the CDP for Agartala and the formulation of the Vision for Agartala integrates the various aspects covered in SWOT analysis.

Box 12.1: DEVELOPED TRIPURA: SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths • Fruit and horticulture industry. • Rubber, tea and bamboo industry. • High literacy levels • International borders and potential for

trade with Bangladesh. • Agro-climatic conditions for diversified

cropping • Rich biodiversity • Huge potential for natural gas and

mineral oil • Handloom and textiles, Tourism and IT

sector • One of the highest rainfall states and

abundant fertile land • Improved connectivity – air, rail and

telecom.

Weaknesses • Poor and inadequate infrastructure for

industrial development. • Large chunk of the population below

poverty line • Inadequate fund availability to cater to

infrastructure development and harnessing of the natural resource potential

• Absence of state-of-the-art educational and health facilities

• Inadequate road and public transport system and basic infrastructure.

• Lack of basic infrastructure inhibiting potential opportunities for economic growth

• Locational disadvantage and linkages with the rest of the country

Opportunities • High growth rate of industrialization • Organic farming for international markets • Timber and non-timber forest products. • Attracting future investment from big

industrial houses. • Horticulture and agro-processing • Mineral and other natural resources • International trade regimes • Physical proximity to ASEAN countries • Development of Ashuganj port in

Bangladesh (30km away from Agartala) shall provide opportunities for better transportation of goods and marketing of products.

Threats • Any further delays in developments of

infrastructure shall hamper - the growth potential and opportunities - investments in key sectors - Capitalizing on the opportunities created

due to border trade etc.

The chapter has been divided into four sections each describing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats respectively.

Strengths

Agartala is the capital city of Tripura. Being the seat of administrative power, it is the center of administrative, economic and political activities. The city has several

Government of Tripura 12-1 b

Urban Development Department



strengths. These have been outlined in Table 12-1. The strengths related to the sectors include location and regional linkage, tourism, trade and commerce, traditional arts and crafts and state reforms.

Table 12-1: Agartala City Strengths Sectors Strengths

Location & Linkages • Being the capital of the state, Agartala is the main administrative, center of Tripura.

• National Highway 44 connects Agartala to Assam and rest of India by road.

• Agartala is also connected by air, and the rail connectivity is expected to be operational soon.

• National highway 44 has been extended to south, thus improving the road connectivity between Agartala & south Tripura.

• Good connectivity in terms of telecommunications. Trade & Commerce • Locally made handicrafts of bamboo products

• Border trade with Bangladesh • Increasing import export activity • Tourism • Fruit and horticulture industry. • Handloom and textiles

Traditional Arts & Crafts • Strong traditional art & craft production. State Reforms • Presence of a number of development bodies & NGOs

• Implementation of 74 CAA in true spirit Others • Rich History and Cultural Heritage

• Rich in natural resource base

Weaknesses

The major areas of weaknesses for the city include infrastructure, urban growth, conservation, environment, slums, and institutional capacity. The details of these sectors for each of these sectors have been given Table 12-2. These weaknesses need to be worked on for the city.

Table 12-2: Agartala City Weakness Sectors Weaknesses

Infrastructure • Poor and inadequate basic urban infrastructure • Road Encroachment, Poor Traffic Management &

Inadequate public transportation • Very poor drainage system and vulnerability to flooding • Poor solid waste management • Inadequate public conveniences

Urban Growth • Haphazard unregulated growth of the city • High population density within AMC area • Lack of mechanisms for enforcement of development

controls and byelaws. • Lack of a plan for regulating land uses and development, in

the GAPA Trade and Commerce • Poor infrastructure constraining the growth potentials in

trade and commerce Conservation • Funding constraints to take up conservation and maintenance

of the places of historic importance Environment • Vulnerability due to poor drainage

• Poor infrastructure and living condition Slums • Increasing levels of poverty & inadequate coverage of

poverty alleviation programs • Poor infrastructure facilities

Institutional capacity • Training and capacity building of the officials of the AMC and state agencies on best practices in urban development.



Opportunities

The city has several aspects that are potential opportunities for the city. The main opportunities are in the areas of economic growth, proposed projects, state initiated reforms and heritage. These have been detailed in Table 12-3.

Table 12-3: Agartala City Opportunities Sectors Opportunities

Economic competitiveness • Attracts many potential developers in the economic & industrial sectors

• Border Trade • Vibrant Tourism

Proposed Projects • Improve infrastructure facilities-Water supply, Drainage, Transportation, Sanitation,

• Create enabling infrastructure to form a base to attract investment, especially from the private sector

• Improve Quality of life • Carry out reforms, institutional, financial to ensure

sustainability of infrastructure created State urban reforms • Enforce Building By laws and other related development

laws • Focus on provision of basic services to the poor

Heritage • Rich heritage attracts tourists. • Local crafts - great opportunity for attracting businesses &

shoppers

Threats

The threats are primarily the existing weakness, which if not addressed adequately might pose as threats for development of the city in the future. These are detailed out in Table 12-4.

Table 12-4: Agartala City Threats Sectors Threats

Infrastructure • Poor infrastructure which is a threat to ensuring good quality of life

• Any further delays in planning for regulated development shall result in unplanned growth which may not be sustainable in the GAPA.

Institutional and fiscal reforms

• Inadequate capacity building results in non-implementation of reforms

• Inadequate Fiscal reforms for carrying out projects & provision of infrastructure in a sustainable manner

11333... PPPrrriiiooorrriiitttiiizzzaaatttiiiooonnn oooff IIIssssssuuueeesss 1 f13.1. INTRODUCTION

Prioritization responses were given for the entire infrastructure issues based on the consultations held with the stakeholders, including the communities, the elected representatives, apart from the various government agencies etc. Based on the prioritization by the communities, discussions were held amongst the various Government Agencies and the AMC and priorities worked out. This chapter also presents the priorities as identified, after consensus and discussions, by the State Level Steering Committee.

13.2. PRIORITIZATION OF ISSUES - COMMUNITIES

This section presents the prioritization of issues as expressed by the communities during the consultation process during the preparation of the CDP. Table 13-1 shows that Sewerage issues have got maximum responses and top priority. Water supply is the infrastructure issues that need to be addressed in terms of quality, quantity and frequency of supply.

Water supply and roads sector has got the second most responses for interventions needed after sewerage sector. However in terms of ranking it has been accorded second and third place

The quality of the present service delivery and significance of the service can be adjudged from the prioritization of issues and the responses accorded to each sector by the stakeholders. Table 13-1 lists the priority ranking accorded during consultations

Table 13-1: Priority Ranking given to Infrastructure Issues Priority Ranking Sector

1 2 3 4 5 6 No. of

responses Water Supply 2 4 1 1 8 Sewerage 4 1 3 1 9 Drainage 2 4 1 2 7 Roads 1 1 3 3 8 SWM 1 2 2 5

From above Table 13-1, it is clear that people not responding for some of the issues do not consider the issue to be of importance. Hence the non-responses for each of the sector have been added to the Priority No 6 column for that sector. For example. If for a sector, 10 responses have been given out of a total of 14. The reminder 4 responses would be added to the last ranking column (Priority No 6). Accordingly this would be done for all the sectors. Table 13-2 shows the revised priority ranking.

Table 13-2: Revised Priority Responses Priority Ranking Sector

1 2 3 4 5 6 No. of

responses Water Supply 2 4 1 1 1 9




Priority Ranking Sector 1 2 3 4 5 6

No. of responses

Sewerage 4 1 3 1 9 Drainage 2 4 1 2 9 Roads 1 1 3 3 1 9 SWM 1 2 2 4 9

Note-Figures against sectors and below rank columns denote the no of responses for the sector at that rank.

Table 13-3 shows the responses (from Table 13-2) converted into percentage. The overall priority community has been worked out by assigning weights to the responses by rank.

Table 13-3: Responses by percentage for each ranking Sector 1 2 3 4 5 6

Water Supply 22.22 44.44 11.11 11.11 0.00 11.11 Sewerage 44.44 11.11 33.33 0.00 11.11 0.00 Drainage 22.22 44.44 11.11 22.22 0.00 0.00 Roads 11.11 11.11 33.33 33.33 0.00 11.11 SWM 0.00 0.00 11.11 22.22 22.22 44.44 Land 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Weight Assigned 6 5 4 3 2 1

Assigning weights of 6 for Rank 1, 5 for Rank 2 and so on the weighted total for each sector is given in Table 13-4.

Table 13-4: Weighted Scores and final ranking Priority Ranking Sector

1 2 3 4 5 6 No. of

responsesWater Supply 133.33 222.22 44.44 33.33 0.00 11.11 2 Sewerage 266.67 55.56 133.33 0.00 22.22 0.00 1 Drainage 133.33 222.22 44.44 66.67 0.00 0.00 2 Roads 66.67 55.56 133.33 100.00 0.00 11.11 4 SWM 0.00 0.00 44.44 66.67 44.44 44.44 5 Land 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Based on the final scores, the overall priority ranking from the consultations is as follows:

• Sewerage • Water supply and drainage. • Transportation • Solid Waste Management.

13.2.1. Influence of Gender on Prioritization of Issues

The priorities expressed by women have been found to differ from those of men in the consultations. Women have been found to hold different priorities as far as urban infrastructure development is concerned. Access to sanitation facilities/ toilets and water supply has come across as the priority need against drainage and improvement of roads as priority issues by men. It is likely that the priority ranking has been influenced by the majority of women participants in the Focus Group Discussions as the following Table 13-5 shows:



Table 13-5: Composition of Participants in FGDs by Gender. Sl. No Consultation held at: Total Participants Male Female

1 Lichubagan, Chandaninamora 32 4 28 2 Ward No 11 33 5 28 3 Joginder Nagar Sector 7 27 1 26 4 Rampur, Ward No 8 15 7 8 5 Nandan Nagar, Sector 2 24 11 13 6 Kashipur, Sector 3 34 25 9 7 Rajnagar, Sector 4 28 3 25

In the meetings it was observed that women are moving towards change in terms of education, or towards financial independence. In several of the meetings the women informed that they had formed self help groups while several had learnt to read and write under Total Literacy Campaign (TLC).

13.2.2. Water Supply

People have expressed dissatisfaction over the present quality and quantity of water supply in all consultations. All participants expressed desire to have a reliable water supply system. The quantity of iron in the water is the biggest concern as far as water supply is concerned. It also needs to be noted here that water table in the city is very shallow and hence hand pumps can be installed at low costs. The improvements sought for water supply are:

• Removal of iron from water • Improvement of frequency and quantity of water supply. • Provision of water stand posts in slums • Provision of piped water supply • Provision of Overhead Tanks (OHTs)

13.2.3. Sewerage

Sewerage system in Agartala comprises predominately of pit latrines and septic tanks. Surprisingly majority of people, even those owning houses, do not have enclosed bathing spaces. People including women bathe at the hand pumps or at tanks and ponds. Women have strongly emphasized the need for toilets and enclosed bathing facility. Lower income group and those residing near the rivers; use the water body for bathing as well as daily ablutions.

Majority of the participants are unaware of a public sewerage system. People on being explained about the merits of a public sewerage system have expressed willingness to use the system. The desire to have a public sewerage system has been expressed not only in the areas within municipal limits but also in the newly added areas or the sectors. However, it is also apparent that most of them cannot afford to pay for the service or expressed inability to pay more than INR 10-20 per month.

13.2.4. Drainage

Almost in all meetings the participants have expressed concern about the drainage situation in the city. The poor drainage is due to the bowl like shape of the core city area bounded by the embankments of the Katakhal on one side and the Haora on the other. A few minutes of rain can flood most of the areas of the city. Drainage improvement is one of the priority improvements needed as far as urban infrastructure is concerned.



13.2.5. Slum Upgradation

Most of the low-income group areas visited experience slum like conditions primarily due to the deplorable condition of drainage and roads and lack of sanitary facilities. Residents of these areas have identified provision of toilets, hand pumps as the key increments as part of infrastructure up gradation. They have even expressed willingness to pay for maintenance of community toilets but are unwilling to maintain these facilities themselves.

13.2.6. Solid Waste Management

In all the consultations conducted, SWM gets the lowest priority ranking amongst all infrastructure issues. This ranking does not undermine the need the SWM; rather it highlights the high significance of other basic issues like water supply, drainage, sewerage and roads. Garbage is disposed by people in open drains or small pits. Thus improvement of drainage infrastructure is linked to improved SWM. The community has expressed willingness to pay up to INR 10-20 for waste collection facility. Slum dwellers and lower income group people have expressed inability to pay for SWM.

One of the most heartening aspects related to SWM in the city is the proactive role of NGOs in waste collection. Several NGO’s have been hired by the AMC to collect garbage in several wards of the city. The role of NGOs is restricted to collecting waste and putting it into the AMC dustbins from where it is carried by the AMC to landfill sites. The NGO have been provided with waste collection tricycles by the AMC.

One of the NGO’s, the Open NSS on being asked about the suitability of the proposed landfill sites, remarked that Nagichara being located close to extremist active areas could hamper the functioning of the landfill site. Presently the waste collection service of the AMC is not extended to all areas especially the newly added areas. There is apparently a huge gap between the need and supply of service. Lacks of manpower, collection machinery, dustbins etc are among the key issues that need to be addressed.

13.2.7. Traffic and Transportation

There is apparently a need and demand for improvement of road infrastructure and Traffic management in the city. Participants have raised the need for widening, rehabilitation of feeder roads in all the meetings. Need for better road infrastructure figures among the key demands in consultations.

13.2.8. Social Inhibition over use of Community Toilets.

The community including the slum dwellers has expressed reluctance to share community toilets. Lack of civic sense among users has been cited as the reason. Even in slums, where people cannot afford to own individual toilets, they have expressed unwillingness to use community toilets. On being asked whether they would be willing to maintain the toilets if the project builds toilets for them, they expressed unwillingness to do so. However, after a lot of discussion they finally agreed to pay a nominal charge to the AMC (Agartala Municipal council) for maintenance of the toilets.



The provision of community toilets as part of slum up gradation needs to be supported by a management mechanism and community education efforts, which ensures that toilets are maintained hygienically, otherwise, it is likely that use of community sanitary facilities would be discarded sooner or later.

13.3. PRIORITIZATION OF ISSUES – SLSC

The prioritization of issues as obtained from the communities was discussed during the SLSC meetings1. Based on further discussions and assessment of the felt needs of the communities, a prioritization for the city as a whole was worked out. Accordingly the priority needs for Agartala are:

• Roads and transportation; • Drainage and Sewerage; • Water supply; and, • Solid wastes management.

1 During the meetings held on 2nd June and on 15th June 2006, under the chairmanship of the Honorable Chief Minister, Tripura. The meetings were attended by all members of the SLSC apart from representatives of the AMC and various Government Departments of GoT.

11444... CCCiiittyyy VVViiisssiiiooonnn 1 t14.1. AGARTALA CITY VISION

Given these demonstrated capabilities of the city and its governments and the conviction of the city and state government that infrastructure development, proposed as part of this plan, will open up vast opportunities for the city development and spur its growth, the city has embarked upon a major plan.

Making Agartala ‘gateway to North East India, an investor-friendly, eco-friendly, green city and environmentally sustainable where people want to live, visit and invest’ through:

• Provision of basic infrastructure and urban services for all, towards achieving improved quality of life by 2021;

• Develop all the water bodies and increase the green coverage of Agartala; • Improve educational achievements for all the citizens; • Alleviate poverty and improve living conditions and health.

Implementation of the plan entailing investments in key sectors like water supply, sewerage, roads and bridges, will alter the face of Agartala in several significant ways. Agartala will enjoy 100 per cent coverage and assured quality and quantity of all core urban services by the terminal year 2012.

In the years to come, the city can look forward to better social and environmental infrastructure: with the improved level of coverage of core services, the city plans to direct its spending and endeavors on the social and environmental sectors, with special accent on education and health. The city’s economic development would receive a fillip with these improvements planned by AMC with the support by the Government of India and the Government of Tripura..

To give shape to the vision for the city, the city government have drawn up concrete project plans for different sectors like water supply, education, environment, health, employment generation, and social amenities. The realisation of this through the medium of these projects promises to transform Agartala into a city of quality life’.

14.2. SECTOR GOALS AND STRATEGIES

The vision for each of the sectors, their development strategies with respect their issues have been detailed out (Table 14-1). The strategies aim at giving shape to the envisioned goals for the city.

Table 14-1: Sector Goals and Strategies Vision Existing Issues Strategies

Water Supply: To ensure access to assured and safe drinking and water to all.

• Non utilisation of optimum capacity of the water treatment plant;

• Underproduction from ground water;

• High iron content in ground water.

• High operation and

• Water Resource Management • Extension of water Supply services to

uncovered areas. • Cost Recovery Mechanism • Efficiency in Operation and

Maintenance- Replacement of old machinery and network systems.

• Capacity building of staff.




Vision Existing Issues Strategies maintenance cost.

• High amount of unaccounted for water (UFW), presently about 35% of production

• Severely deteriorated distribution system, particularly in the older parts of the city.

• Reduce Transmission and Distribution Losses.

• Efficiency in Service • Delivery Streamlining Institutional

Responsibilities.

Sewerage and Sanitation: To promote safe and environmentally friendly city by ensuring effective treatment and disposal of wastewater and to eradicate open defecation.

• Absence of sewerage system,

• Direct disposal of sewage and effluent into drains and open spaces,

• Open defecation widespread.

• Lack of enclosed bathing spaces in the slums and low-income areas.

• Provision of underground sewerage system

• Provision of household sewer connection • Provision of public toilets to prevent

open defecation.

Solid Waste Management: To achieve environmentally sustainable waste management practice.

• Waste collection limited to selected area.

• Inefficient waste collection and transportation.

• No segregation of waste at source.

• Waste Disposal not as per Solid Waste Handling Rules 2000.

• Lack of awareness on hygiene practices.

• Initiate house to house waste collection with source segregation;

• Provide mechanized storage bins; • Regular maintenance of the container

bins; • SWM coverage areas to be increased • Adopt segregation of biomedical waste

with MSW. • Refuse vehicles shall be covered to

reduce waste spillage during transportation.

• Provide bio-gas compost plant Drainage: • Absence of proper drainage

system. • Most of the drains unlined

and choked with silt and solid waste.

• Water logging and flooding common during rainy season.

• Construction of lined drains along roads. • Construction of embankments along

Katakhal River and Haora River • Rising of embankments along Katakhal

River.

Transportation: To achieve a transport facility system that is Adequate, Safe, Comfortable, and Equitable and is Efficient and Sustainable.

• Encroachments by vehicles • Low operating speeds. • Congestion in the city. • Inadequate parking space. • Improper traffic

management • Poor public transportation

system • Lack of pedestrian facilities • Inadequate road capacity

• Capacity Building of existing public transport system

• Development of new bypass roads as arterials to decongest the city

• Development of an efficient road network in the northern & southern part of the city to attract development

• Involvement of private players • Road & Junction improvements • Identification of designated parking

areas • Develop traffic management system. • Efficient Public Transport system • Promoting Safe Pedestrian Movement.

Slum Upgradation: To provide access to housing and basic infrastructure

• Lack of basic urban infrastructure within the slums.

• Most of the slum population engaged in low return income generating activities.

• Coverage in terms of target

• Provision of Basic Services to Urban Poor.

• Providing opportunities for Income Generation.

• Improvement in Housing Condition • Slum Upgradation and Improvement



Vision Existing Issues Strategies population and target areas of the slum upgradation and poverty alleviation programs insufficient.

• Lack of awareness among the people about poverty alleviation programmes.

Urban Environment: To promote a sustainable and congestion free urban environment with emphasis on safe and livable city for present and future generations.

• Congestion & poor infrastructure.

• Contamination of water along down streams.

• Absence of sewerage network leading to drains acting as the conduits of sewage disposal.

• Indiscriminate dumping of garbage and solid waste into drains and open spaces.

• Absence of parks and open recreation spaces.

• Identify and develop norms for ecologically fragile zones.

• Reduce pollution • Develop parks and water bodies • Conservation of architectural buildings

City Economic Development: To create a vibrant city with diversified economic base.

• Increasing marginalisation & casualisation of labour.

• High & rising levels of unemployment

• Low levels of industrial development.

• No organized commercial spaces for retail markets

• Inadequate tourism infrastructure

• Integrated tourism development plan • Create organized commercial space for

retail and wholesale markets

Urban Growth and Land Management: To achieve a coherent urban form with adequate open & green space, high standards of infrastructure and effective land management

• Severe congestion in the core area specially the old municipality area with high density of population.

• Unplanned growth of the city without any landuse controls.

• Lack of development controls especially in the flood prone and low lying areas.

• Introduction of appropriate land Management Practices.

• Implementation of land use plans. • Preparation of land suitability

assessment for the city.

Urban Governance and Institutional Development: To promote a city managed with pro-active institutions and capable staff.

• Lack of accountability and transparency in functioning of AMC

• Poor data base and information management

• No implementation of bye laws

• Training to enhance capacity building. • Collective action especially in

programmes for solid waste management, water resource management, and slum Upgradation.

• People’s Participation in Governance


11555... PPPrrrooojjjeeecctttsss aaannddd CCCaaapppiiitttaaalll IIInnnvvveeessstttmmmeeennnttt PPPlllaaannn 1 c n15.1. INTRODUCTION

Within the framework of long-term vision set out for urban development of Agartala explained in the previous chapter, this chapter presents sector wise goals and projects. The projects by each sector have been identified based on four criteria: (a) the priorities as identified by various stakeholders during the CDP preparation process; (b) current and future demand and supply gaps estimated by the project team; (c) the projects that have been identified to be taken up under the proposed ADB funded NERUDP; and (d) projects that provide enabling environment for new investors in Greater Agartala Planning Area (GAPA). Accordingly, projects to achieve the envisaged vision in each of the sectors are prioritized and included to be taken up under JNNURM.

15.2. WATER SUPPLY

Under the NERUDP, a master plan for improvement of the water supply has been prepared. The projects identified as an immediate improvement requirement till year 2011. The issues identified in the various aspects of the water supply in Agartala in terms of source, treatment, distribution as well as operation of the water supply service have been analysed in Table 15-1. The extent of addressal of these issues under the ADB project has been assessed, and accordingly more improvements measures have been identified to be taken up under the JNNURM for the next five years. The details of project components envisaged to be covered under JNNURM are given in Appendix 15.1.

Table 15-1: Action towards a Sustainable Water Supply Scheme - Agartala

Vision Issues Actions Required

Action Taken Under

NERUDP

Action to be Taken

under JNNURM

Water Production Capacity To provide 24x7safe drinking water tothe community

Present source of water from Haora River and 49 Tube.

Present water production in Agartala from all the sources is about 39.45 mld

The production capacity will be increased to 97 mld from 39.45 mld with the augmentation measures proposed under ADB project. Since pumping hours will be increased from usual 4- 5 hours to 22 hours where it is expected that the frequency of failure of DTW would be at the rate 3 per year, hence 15 DTW has been taken into account to overcome this problem for five years. Certain areas where the capacity of IRP has been sliced down due to limited scope of the project under ADB, requires balance capacity to be added.




Action Taken Under

NERUDP

Action to be Taken

under JNNURM

Existing WTP is underutilized leading to supply of untreated water. There is no water treatment or disinfection facility. The raw water at the main treatment plant is not filtered. This leads to supply of poor water quality to the consumers.

Adequate provision is made for construction of Intake structures at College tilla as it is found to be highly dilapidated conditions; moreover the existing pumps are inbuilt in the floor, which is found to be unsound structurally to reinforce it further by rehabilitation to bring it back to normal.

Increase the present water storage capacity possibly through the construction of reservoirs.

Water Distribution and household connections:

The present distribution is very poor and the pipelines are very old. Many pipeline are affected due to incrustation. Many of these are deeply buried under building structures. PHED has initiated metered connections and at present there are 22000-metered connection out of the total 292000 connections.

Replacement of bunched connections with sub-main connections. Phase wise increase in service coverage and increase metered connections by 2011. Increase the service coverage and metered connection to areas which are expected to have rapid development

The inefficient distribution network cause high friction loss and therefore low quantity and quality of water supply at the consumer end.

Phased Construction of new pipeline to create primary network of water distribution. Phased Construction & replacement of secondary and tertiary pipelines. Extent the distribution network to those areas which are developing fast as it may become difficult to lay distribution network in future years due to space constraints

High UFW nearly about 35%, which further increase the problem of water supply and the service frequency. The service frequency of piped water is very poor, varies few hours a day

UFW reduction programme.

15.3. STRATEGY PROPOSED – WATER SUPPLY

To address the issues identified through stakeholders’ consultations a strategy of future development for a sustainable water supply for Agartala has been prepared. Towards such development, a carefully sequenced programme is required for long run sustenance. However, During the next two years, it is envisaged to (i) enhance the present water production capacity by exploring the new sources of water development; (ii) lay out distribution networks in areas which are developing at a faster rate and laying of pipelines in the future years may cause difficulties; (iii) increase house connections considering the rapid urban development pattern of the city; and (v) introduce reforms in PHED minimizing the UFW, institutional capacity building. During the following three years the emphasis



would be on (i) implement the legislation and by laws made to enhance the capacity of ULB for supply water within the municipal areas; and, (ii) establish financial platform towards the cost recovery in the form of user charge for the cubic meter of water consumed by the households.

Population and Water Demand Projections

The population projections are based upon state wise urban population prepared by the Census of India in 2001 and population for GAPA was extrapolated. Experience has shown that a rise in per capita water demand may be expected as incomes increase and standards of living improve. To address this issue, the Consultants prepared an economic model to predict the impact on demand of changes in incomes and tariffs. It uses as inputs the following variables: (i) changes in household income, projected to increase at 5.5% per annum; (ii) an income elasticity of demand, projected at 0.33 and (iii) a price elasticity of demand, projected at - 0.0825. The effect is the concave downward curve. The economic model reveals that total water demand may be expected to rise to levels on the order of 180-200 lpcpd by 2041. The Water requirement and capacities are presented in Table 15-2.

Table 15-2: Population Requirements and Capacities 2001- 2041 Production

S.No Year Demand Total (mld)

UFW% Required

mld Capacity

mld

Deficit / Surplus

mld 1 2001 19.75 35 30.38 39.45 +9.07 2 2005 26.27 35 40.42 39.45 -0.97 3 2006 27.21 35 41.86 39.45 -2.41 4 2011 34.5 30 49.29 97.02 +47.73 5 2015 41.33 25 55.11 97.02 +41.91 6 2016 46.33 25 61.77 97.02 +35.25 7 2021 56.36 20 70.45 97.02 +26.57 8 2031 88.48 15 104.09 97.02 -7.07 9 2041 125.79 15 147.99 97.02 -50.97

15.1.1. Enhancing Present Water Production Capacity

The deficit in production capacity will stop to exists in Agartala after the water supply project as envisaged by PHED and proposed under ADB are completed. For 2041 demand, the production capacity would be of 125.79 mld, which could be feasible if underground water available locally is exploited, rehabilitate the existing tube wells, river intakes and UFW reduction, construct impounding reservoir for adequate storage capacity to meet projected needs until about 2029.

15.1.2. Service Reservoirs (SR)

Agartala has 17 water zones to cater to the population. There are certain zones in Agartala planning area where deficits in storage capacity of service reservoirs are not included under ADB funding for immediate implementation. As the population growth is expected to increase in near future, it could be better if balance storage capacity of service reservoirs would be considered without further delay. Thus five zones namely Zone1, 10,15,16 and 17 have been proposed for construction of zonal service reservoirs. The total storage capacity of service reservoir is considered to be 7.89ML.



15.1.3. Secondary Network

The distribution networks are to be developed under ADB funding for immediate implementation based upon certain priority. There are certain areas, however fully developed with a little scope for further development, where scope of the distribution network has been reduced due to financial constraints. The distribution network has been spread out to cover the entire planning area over the operational periods with a certain intervening period. Although it is possible to implement the project components as suggested above, there are certain areas developing fast, where it could not be postponed until a later date. Because it would be difficult to lay pipelines due to uncontrolled development with steep increase in population growth, there would be insufficient space left for other utilities to develop. It is, therefore, important that those areas should be developed with distribution network in a manner that it would be at least adequate to fulfill the water requirement for next 30 years. As a result of network analysis, it is proposed that 12.52Km length of primary distribution and 195 km of secondary and tertiary distribution network be developed under this project so that it would increase the coverage of distribution network to 89% of planning area.

15.1.4. Consumer Meters

PHED has already initiated metering system in Agartala in which there are 2200 nos of registered connections. As part of ADB project, there would be 99595 connections provided at the initial stage. However, for the projected population, there would be about 2,38,380 nos metered connections expected to be in ultimate design year 2041. It is, therefore important that another 60,000 nos of connections be provided with metering system under this project. The metering system is very important as it would provide a platform for proper accounting of the water production and consumption and help reduce of unaccounted for water and help in revenue generation.

15.1.5. House Service Connection

At present, people have piped water supply connections from PHED. 292000 population are served with water supply while only 22000 have registered connections. In order to increase the connectivity, it is proposed that 60000 nos. of connection shall be provided under this project, which would be recovered, from the consumers on tariff and the poor shall be provided connection at no cost.

15.1.6. Selection of Pipe Material

As a result of techno-economic analysis, it is proposed that ductile iron pipe and Unplasticised poly vinyl chloride (uPVC) be used in the distribution network. It is decided to use DI pipe material if diameter is above 300 mm, whereas uPVC be used for diameter below 300 mm. It is more durable and flexible and more importantly it shall minimize the pipeline being damaged easily.

15.1.7. Iron Removal Plants

The city is presently supplied water from the Haora River from two locations namely College Tilla and Bardowali and 49 tubewells. River water is mostly supplied to the central and south zones of the city while the northern and eastern zones along with part of the southern zone get their water supply from the deep



tube wells drilled in these areas. The ground water of the deep tube wells contains a high iron content of more than 5 parts per million (ppm) which requires removal before supply. However, aeration is carried out at only 17 tube wells, which is not effective. Presently, the total production of water is about 39.45 million liters per day (mld). The total production capacity would go upto 97 mld once ADB project is completed. However, it would not be adequate to satisfy the water requirement for entire planning area even after the commencement of ADB project with still some areas left uncovered. Therefore, it is important to augment the production capacity further so that it would be adequate upto 2033. In keeping this objective in mind, there are certain places; IRP capacity could be added under this project as mentioned below.

The water from the tube wells with iron removal plants is supplied directly to the distribution system. The supply system however suffers from ineffective treatment for iron removal. Thus, under JNNURM project, three Iron removal plants have been proposed near Kunjaban, Jogendranagar, P&T Quarters with a total capacity of 20MLD.

15.1.8. Summary of Project components

Table 15-3 provides a summary of the various project components that are required to address the water supply situation under JNNURM Project.

Table 15-3: Cost Estimates for the Proposed Water Supply Project S. No Description of Item Quantity Amount

Rs. Lakhs

1 Construction of New Deep Tube Well as 30 % standby

15 nos. 105.00

2

Construction of Iron Removal plant (IRP) (i) 8.63 MLD capacity near Kunjaban (ii) 6.99 MLD capacity near Jogendranagar (iii) 4.13 MLD capacity near P & T Quarters

20 MLD 316.00

3

Construction of Zonal Service Reservoirs in ML (I) Zone-1--------------------------->1.91ML (ii) Zone-10-------------------------->1.79ML (iii) Zone-15-------------------------->0.59ML (iv) Zone-16-------------------------->1.77ML (v) Zone-17-------------------------->1.92ML

7.98 ML 877.80

4 Construction of Primary Network in distribution system 12.52 Kms 455.20

5 Construction of Secondary and Tertiary Network in distribution system

195 Kms 1214.5

6 Provision for Consumer meters 16000 nos. 1983.73 7 Provision for House service connections 60000 nos. 1623.63 8 Provision for Advanced Leak Detection Instrument 1 no. 7

9 Augmentation of surface water from Gumti River including intermediate pumping stations

4859.25

10 Construction of treatment plant 40 MLD 1567.5 11 Construction of OH Reservoir 1 no 2.5 ML 275 9 Land Cost 53.625

Total Cost of Project in Rs. Lakhs 13,338.24

Land acquisition shall be initiated mid 2006 and continued till 2007. The construction activity shall be started off mid 2007 and continued till mid 2010. In mean time, consultation should be held with key affected person and other



stakeholders in order to create awareness to speed up house service connections and make them realize the importance of being a part of the project.

15.4. SEWERAGE AND SANITATION

Agartala does not presently have an underground sewerage system. The ADB project envisages coverage of a part of the city with an underground sewerage system. The JNNURM shall take these initiatives forward to ensure the vision objectives of a clean and stable Agartala. The various actions identified as urgent actions required to address the issues pertaining to the provision of a sewerage system in Agartala are identified in Table 15-4.

Table 15-4: Actions required – Sewerage and Sanitation


Actions taken under

NERUDP

Actions under

JNNURM

City not covered by sewerage system. Existing method of sewage disposal is through septic tanks and soak pits.

Introduce underground sewerage system and expand sewer connections to households. A community awareness campaign to make people aware about the benefit of sewer connections and how it can enhance the present living conditions and environmental quality in their areas.

Open defecation or makeshift toilets on open drains continue especially in the low-income group areas.

Construction of sewage treatment plant/s. Provision of household connections Provision of toilet blocks

Most of the sewage from the septic tanks and toilets is disposed off directly into streams and drains polluting the streams.

Provision of assistance to BPL households wishing to upgrade their septic tanks. Provision of sewer cleaning machines

Increased risk of pollution of ground water, which is a major source of drinking water in the city.

Provision for safe disposal of septic tank and conservancy wastes.

Environmentally safe Sewerage & Sanitation Management

The STPs shall be connected with easy approach for ease in construction and repairing of plant and machineries.



15.5. STRATEGY PROPOSED – SEWERAGE AND SANITATION

For design of the sewerage system, the city has been divided into three sewerage zones based upon the topography and drainage pattern (i) central zone, (ii) northern zone and (iii) southern zone. The characteristics and nature of these zones are as follows

Central Zone: Two major channels, namely Akhaora and Kalapania channel drain thhe central zone. These two channels flowing east to west, drain about 43% of the central zone and carry the discharge to the low lying areas further towards west across the border. The sub zones in the central zone, draining into Khata khal include Dhaleswar drainage zone, Indranagar drainage zone, Lake Chowmuhani drainage zone and Pragati drainage zone.

Northern Zone: This zone covers the localities north of the river Katakhal and includes Pashcim Noabadi, part of Indra Nagar, Abhay Nager, Raj Bhawan area, Gorkha Basti, Kumbaban township, Capital Complex and High Court. Entire sewage load from this zone too cannot be conveyed by gravity to the north zone STP. It is proposed to pump sewage from each service area to the nearest gravity sewer.

Southern Zone: Localities in south zone located towards south of the Haora river include University complex, Madhuban, Dakshin Badharghat, Charpara, Protapgarh, Ananda Nagar, Malay Naar, Bardowali and Arundhati Nagar. As in other cases, entire sewage from these areas also can not be conveyed by gravity and will require pumping. Figure 15-1 shows the proposed sewerage zones.

Among the three sewerage zones demarcated for Agartala planning area, sewerage system should be provided at the earliest opportunity in the zone I, II and zone III so that it would cover those areas uncovered under ADB funding. The area falls under these zones are severely polluted, density of population is high. The sewerage system are to be provided under this project would comprise of house service connections, trunk mains, primary and tertiary networks and STP. Thus provided system would improve the sanitary conditions and help prevent the degradation of precious water bodies such as River Haora and Katakhal. With the completion of this project there would be no further improvement required in these zones for the next 30 years up to ultimate design year 2041. Because there is only one zone among the three in which ADB has proposed to cover about 25% of the population of the central zone and 16% of the population of the city while the rest shall be covered under this project so that there would be no difficulty faced in future when further extension be needed to be carried out with the roads become narrow and more congested and there would be insufficient space left for other utilities to develop further.

Although the population density is considered to be low in the zone II and Zone III at present and there would be vast scope for rapid development in near future, the sewerage system be developed in a manner that it would be spread to cover up the entire zones over a certain intervening periods. As it is expected that the development of road networks are further to extend and subsequently facilitates rapid settlement to intensify in theses zones, hence almost 50-60 % of the 2021 population would be covered under this project. However, the primary network developed in such a way that it would be adequate up to ultimate design year



2041. As and when new settlement take place and sewerage system provided has flexibility to permit further expansion, the secondary network shall be developed during 2016 so that entire projected population of 2021 would be well covered.

The STP capacity shall be provided under this project for zone II and zone III only for projected sewage contribution for 2021. An additional STP capacity shall be added around 2021 so that it would be substantially adequate to cater the ultimate demand for 2041. The secondary network shall also be developed in respect of the population growth in these zones. Thus developed system would have brought entire planning area well covered under sewerage system during 2021-2041.

The community based efficiently operated sewerage agency be established and volumetric charges for sewerage would be fixed in a manner that it would be able to meet out financial needs to carry out repairs and expansion of sewerage system further and even to recover full capital investments made.

In cases of isolated developments far from the trunk mains a small sewage collection systems could be considered. The sewage could be conveyed to a convenient location and treated by an anaerobic up flow filter that would polish the septic tank effluent by about 70% of the BOD. With this addition, a substantial improvement could be made in disposal sanitary waste.

15.1.9. Population Projection and Sewage Contribution

The population projections are based upon statewide urban population prepared by the census Bureau in 2001. They were extrapolated to 2041 and the population of Agartala was projected as a proportion of the statewide urban total. The population of GAPA was then projected to 2041 as a proportion of the state population. Projections were then made based upon the physical growth assessments of the population in each sewerage zone.

The entire water supply for consumption for a community should normally contribute to the total flow in a sanitary sewer. However, the observed dry weather flow quantities usually are slightly less than the per capita water consumption due to reason that some water is lost in evaporation, seepage into ground leakage etc. In keeping above fact in mind, it is considered that 80% of the water supply may be expected to reach the sewer and it is based upon the Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO) manual on sewerage and sewage treatment.

It is also considered that certain amount of water shall enter into the sewers due to infiltration of ground water through joints. However, this quantity will solely depend upon workmanship in laying sewers and level of ground water table. It is general practice that the sewers are to be designed for peak discharges, allowances for ground water infiltration for the worst possible local conditions is well taken into account for designing the sewers. The water requirement and sewage contributions are presented in Table 15-5.

Table 15-5: Water Requirements and Sewage Contributions from GAPA S. No Year Population Per capita water supply

(lpcpd) excluding UFW Per capita sewage generation

(80 % of per capita water supply)1 2001 379,893 80 64 2 2005 423,036 90 72



S. No Year Population Per capita water supply (lpcpd) excluding UFW

Per capita sewage generation (80 % of per capita water supply)

3 2006 431,915 90 72 4 2011 479,211 90 72 5 2015 517,041 100 80 6 2016 526,499 110 88 7 2021 572,799 120 96 8 2031 677,972 145 116 9 2041 802,457 165 132 UFW: Unaccounted for Water

15.1.10. Sewerage Zoning of Master Plan Area

The planning area of Agartala comprises 17 wards under erstwhile municipal limits, six adjoining villages of newly added extended area of AMC and eight other areas under GAPA. This planning area has been divided into 17 water supply zones governed by the terrain and topography. As for the sewerage system, the planning area has been broadly divided into three zones to facilitate the operation of the entire system under gravity.

The zone wise coverage of population and sewage flows in each sewerage zone are given in the Table 15-6 and Figure 15-1.

Table 15-6: Zone wise population Distribution & Capacity of Sewage Treatment Plants Projected Population Average Flow Including GWI, mldName of the Zone Covered

Area (Ha) 2021 2041 Ground Water

Infiltration, mld 2021 2041 Central 1449 197586 248040 7.24 26.2 40.0

Northern 3057 190009 276939 15.28 33.5 51.8 Southern 4688 185205 277480 23.44 41.2 60.1

Total 9194 572801 802458 45.97 101 152

15.1.11. Design of Various Components

The design criteria adopted under this master plan and feasibility study generally meet the recommendations laid down in the Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment published by CPHEEO of the Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India. Most of the components are designed based upon the actual calculated sewage contribution, suitably developed design criteria and standards to suit the condition of the city. The design periods for components of sewerage system and sewage treatment are given below in Table 15-7.

Table 15-7: Design Periods for Components of Sewerage System and Sewage Treatment

S. No. Component Recommended Design

Period in years Clarification

1. Collection System i.e. Sewer Network

30 The system should be designed for the prospective population of 30 years, as its replacement is very difficult during its use.

2. Sewage Treatment Plant 30

The construction may be in a phased manner as initially the flow may not reach the designed levels, and it wll be uneconomical to build the full capacity plant initially

3. Effluent disposal and utilization 30 Provision of design capacities in the initial stages

itself is economical


15-10

15.1.12. Primary Networks

Primary, secondary and tertiary networks including branches and laterals are proposed in those areas where sewerage networks have not been covered under the ADB funding. The design has been carried out for 2041 demand.

Figure 15-1: Proposed Sewerage Zones

15.1.13. Secondary and Tertiary Networks

The analysis has been carried out for the carefully selected area in such a way that one area with high density and another with sparse density. Then average




cost per unit length of the pipeline has been arrived for these two areas. Thus overall cost implication for entire planning area has been worked out.

15.1.14. Design of Sewage Treatment Plant

Several options are available for sewage treatment, which could meet the standards of effluent or treatment objectives. These processes are diversified and selection of treatment process is always site-specific involving optimum costs. The ultimate objective of all the processes is the same, stabilization of the organic matter. However, the selection of best possible combinations to suit the local conditions and its topography is certainly a demanding task and involve careful field investigation, economic comparison, subject to other interfering factors such as land restrictions and more than important of its sustainability on long run. Therefore the choice of treatment depends mainly on the capital costs including cost of land, operation and maintenance, power and required quality of treated effluents to meet the compliance requirements of central and state agencies.

Proposed sewage treatment processes have been critically evaluated for various parameters. The expected sewage characteristics are presented in Table 15-8.

Table 15-8: Expected Sewage Characteristics S.

No. Parameters Raw Sewage Characteristics (Expected)

Treated Sewage Characteristics (Not to Exceed)

1. Temperature Ambient Ambient 2. Oil 25-30 mg/l 10 mg/l 3. PH 6.0 – 8.0 5.5 – 9.0 4. Suspended Solids 430 mg/l 100 mg/l 5. BOD 300 mg/l 30 mg/l 6. COD 600 mg/l 100 mg/l

The basic data for the assumptions comparisons are recapitulated in the Table 15-9.

Table 15-9: Basic assumptions for comparison of treatment solutions Particulars Treatment Capacity

m3/day Raw sewage characteristics

mg/l

Sizing of treatment solution and investment costs

BOD5 300 mg/l COD 600 mg/l SS 450 mg/l

Economic comparison of treatment solutions including operation costs

30, 000 in 2021 62, 000 in 2041

BOD5 300 mg/l SS 330 mg/l

15.1.15. Sewage Treatment Options Considered

The choice of treatments falls on the capital costs including cost of lands, operation and maintenance costs including expenses on power consumption and the required standards of effluents. The following are the commonly adopted treatment methods which are considered for comparisons.

(i) Activated sludge process (ii) Bio-tower activated sludge process (iii) Extended aeration treatment (iv) trickling filters (v) Aerobic ponds (vi) Aerated lagoon (vii) Aerobic and facultative lagoons.

A comparison of various treatment options is presented in Table 15-10. A typical system analysis for 15 MLD capacity for various sewage treatment alternatives.



Table 15-10: Comparison of Various Treatment Options

S. No

Item Description

Conventional ASP

Conventional ASP with Bio-tower

Extended Aeration

Trickling filters

Aerobic ponds

Anaerobic with

facultative ponds

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) 1. Land

requirement Less Lesser than

“A” Lesser than “A”

Same as “A”

Very High High but less than “E”

2. Capital cost Comparatively higher

Comparatively higher than “A”.

Lesser than “A ”

Slightly less than “A”

Least of all

Higher than “E”

3. Power Requirement

Moderate Less than “A” Highest Less than “A”

Least of all

Less but higher than “E”

4. Operation and Management Costs

Moderate costs due to high staff requirement and moderate energy inputs

Lesser than “A” due to lesser energy inputs

High costs due to high energy inputs

Less than “A”

Least of all

Slightly higher than “E”

5. Operation and Management Activities

High level of management of electrical and mechanical units required

Same as “A” Same as “A” Same as “A”

Very little Very little but more than “E”

6. Excess sludge Sludge can be disposed off without further treatment

Same as “A” Sludge may require further digestion

Same as “A”

Little or no sludge

Little or no sludge

7. Production of bio-gas

Bio-gas is produced and can be used


No biogas produced due to aerobic process




As a result of the comparison of the various treatment options, Average Incremental Financial Cost (AIFC) has been worked out for each and every treatment options as mentioned below in Table 15-11.

Table 15-11: Average Incremental Financial Cost (AIFC) Comparison Alternatives Treatment Options Average Incremental Financial

Cost (rupees/Cum flow) Ranking

Alternative-1 Conventional Activated Sludge Process

4.282 7

Alternative-2 Bio-towers with Extended Aeration 3.556 3 Alternative-3 Oxidation Pond 3.990 6 Alternative-4 Extended Aeration 3.967 5 Alternative-5 Trickling Filter 3.636 4 Alternative-6 Aerated Lagoon 3.104 1 Alternative-7 Bio-tower Aerated Lagoon 3.535 2

Although Aerated lagoon has emerged as the lowest in cost, it is difficult to adopt the same in the given condition that the topography of the proposed land varies drastically over the short span of length. It renders the site unsuitable for processes requiring large flat area of land.

Media based high rate trickling filter will have comparatively lower power requirements as aeration requirements would be reduced, but may have higher



operational costs owing to choking or replacement of media. Moreover, filter flies pose another serious operational problem in trickling filters.

For the Activated Sludge Process (ASP) based system, power requirements will be higher as maximum aeration would be required. Further, maintaining of MLSS within the system will add to the operational costs of the plant.

The extended aeration will have to be replaced by aerated lagoon where there is a wide scope for acquisition of large area of land since it is simplest to operate and maintain and excludes many processes such as primary settling, grit chamber, sludge digestion and sludge drying bed. Moreover, it can be easily built in any shape desired with the available resources in terms of material and manpower and involve the minimum mechanical equipments for its operation.

The extended aeration will involve huge cost in operation and maintenance on account of high power consumption as compared to other treatment processes. But the elimination of the processes such as primary settling and sludge digestion will result in low capital cost, though the operation cost is high. This treatment process could be suitable to be adopted as the efficiency is very high owing to highest BOD removal. From the Table 15-10, it is clearly seen that it requires comparatively smaller area, which will overcome the limitation of flat area of land available.

In overall comparison of treatment processes, it is decided that the extended aeration system is best possible method, which could be more relevant to given situation where availability of the land has become yardstick and it, involve less maintenance as well.

15.1.16. Suggested Treatment Methods

The treatment method proposed to be adopted for the three zones shall be extended aeration system either followed by filter press or sludge drying bed. Although it has a high operating cost, it may be only practical solution in the very steep terrain of Agartala where land acquisition is difficult.

It is proposed to provide STP of various capacities such as 15mld, 34mld and 41mld for zone I, zone II, zone III, respectively. For the zone I, a capacity of 15mld STP has been proposed under ADB project; however it is only provided on modular basis for the projected 2021 capacity. Given the low population density areas in zone II and zone III, no measures has been proposed under ADB project where the sewerage system on modular basis is required at this stage. In keeping above point in mind, the STP capacity only for project sewage contribution for 2021 capacity is proposed in this project.

The main reason for adopting this process is that it requires the comparatively smaller land for its installation. The main advantage for adopting this method is that the filter press will generate the bulk sludge, which will bring in considerable revenue by marketing the sludge cake as manure. The sludge drying beds will function effectively during the summer; however the poor sludge drain is expected during the rainy season. The power cost incurred on intermittent operation of filter bed can be met on account of revenue generated through sale of organic manure.



15.1.17. Design of Low Cost Sanitation Facilities

A provision has been made on a pilot scale to cover households by providing assistance for conversion of pit latrines and pour flush latrines to flush latrines including connection to sewers and the scheme can be continued further by the local authorities. It shall help in improving sanitation in slum areas

15.1.18. Proposed scope of the project

The planning for an improved sanitation system for GAPA will require a carefully planned and sequenced program of actions in operation and management of the institutions responsible for the service delivery. The proposed project shall be completed by end of 2011 by which time about 100 % of zone I (16% under Zone I shall be covered under ADB project) and 50 % of zone II and zone III population could be covered under the sewerage system. It is about 75 % of the total city population would be covered. Based upon the designs described above, it is proposed that the following are various components of sewerage system for planning area:

• Provision of about 21266 connections. • Construction of Sewage Pumping Stations in 5 places. • Construction of 80 Km of primary pipelines • Construction of 157 Km of secondary pipelines • Construction of three sewage treatment plants with a total capacity of 90 mld Provision of 18

community toilet blocks with 6 WC. • Provision of assistance to BPL households wishing to upgrade their septic tanks.

The cost estimates have been prepared for the planning area. It is estimated that the overall cost of the master plan, will be on the order of Rs. 27861.95 lakhs. The consultants have used the standard schedule of rates for each state for supply of materials, and the standard rates for the country for labor. The cost of master plan and the project are given below.

Table 15-12: Cost Estimate for the Proposed Project: Name of the Zone Description of Items Quantity Amount

Rs. Lakhs Construction of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) 15 MLD 727.5 Construction of Sewage Pumping Stations in 5 places 5 nos. 534 Rising main from each of Sewage Pumping Station to nearest Gravity sewer (150 mm to 600 mm Dia)

2.0 Kms 172

Construction of Primary Network System 25 Kms 1122.5 Construction of Secondary and Tertiary Network 49 Kms 2200.3 Provision for Household Connections 41116 nos. 5287.5 Provision for Sewer Cleaning Machines 1 no. 40 Construction of community toilet block with 6 WC 6 nos. 52.2

Central Zone

Assistance to Households having existing latrine but disposal is being done into a pit / natural drain

2000 nos. 292.2

Construction of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) 34 MLD 1649 Construction of Primary Network System 28 Kms 1260 Construction of Secondary and Tertiary Network 55 Kms 2469 Provision for Household Connections 22059 nos. 2837 Community toilet block with 6 WC 6 nos. 52

Northern Zone

Assistance of households having existing latrine but disposal is being done into a pit/natural drains

1000 nos. 146

Southern Zone Construction of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) 41 MLD 1989


15-15

Name of the Zone Description of Items Quantity Amount

Rs. Lakhs Construction of Primary Network System 27 Kms 1215 Construction of Secondary and Tertiary Network System 53 Kms 2385 Provision for Household Connections 21501 nos. 2765 Community toilet block with 6 WC 6 nos. 52 Assistance of households having existing latrine but disposal is being done into a pit/natural drains

1000 nos. 146

Land cost 468.75 Total Cost of Project in Rs. Lakhs 27861.95

Table 15-13: Project Implementation Schedule for Agartala City

1 Land acquisition

W1

W2W3

3 Appointment of DSC4 Prequalification of Contractors for all the packages

W1W2

5 W3

6

Clearance from state and/or Central Governmentdepartments(Forestry,MOEF etc) imcluding shiftingof utilities

(i)

Construction of primary and secondary seweragenetwork including installation of pipe manufacturingunit,diversion of sullage/Storm water -W1

(ii)Construction of STP including commissioning and O& M for 5 years-W2

(iii)

Household connections including construction of inspection chambers.Construction of Community toilet blocks under Low Cost Sanitation- W3

(iv)Consultations with communities about installationsof Sewerage Connections

7 Procurement of Machinery/Safety equipment

2

Preparation of DPR(Detailed Engineering + Tender Documents

Bidding and Approval

S.No ItemsTime Period

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11


The land acquisition shall commence in first quarter of 2006 and the detailed engineering design shall be completed including awarding tender for inviting the construction activity by mid 2007. The construction activity shall start mid 2007 and continue up to mid 2010. In mean time, consultation with communities about installations of sewerage connections should be conducted to make the people realize the importance of the sewerage connection and get their acceptance in this regard.

15.6. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

The present SWM system in Agartala does not conform to the Solid Waste Handling Rules (SWHR) – 2000. The ADB project envisages improvements towards improvement of collection, transportation and treatment of wastes apart from improvement of the operational efficiencies of the system. While the actions proposed under ADB shall be a good start towards compliance to SWHR, the following Table 15-14 discusses the various issues pertaining to SWM and the actions required under JNNURM.



Table 15-14: Actions Towards Sustainable SWM


Actions taken under

NERUDP

Actions under

JNNURM

Collection: Collection: Environmen-tally safe solid waste Management

Increase the present waste collection coverage.

Initiate house-to-house waste collection through source segregation.

Make necessary arrangements to collect waste from commercial areas, shops and other establishments;

Initiate green line survey to collect food and other vegetable waste from the hotels and restaurants, vegetable/fish/meat markets and from the public and private parks , lawns etc.

Make arrangements for the separate collection of biomedical and industrial wastes;

Increase the storage facilities and provide mechanized storage bins in replace to RCC bins or open storage points;

Increase present collection frequency from slum areas.

Provision of storage bins at the slum areas and at least initiate primary collection in these areas if not the house-to-house waste collection.

Involvement of NGOs and CBOs can be increased for the waste collection from slum areas;

Frequent waste collection is limited within selected areas. Open storage bins leads to degradation to environment and public health. Waste disposal on streams, drains The number of storage bins are inadequate to that required; Lack of awareness on hygienic practices; Minimum waste collection frequency in low income groups or slums;

Community development and forming of self help groups towards efficient waste management practices in the slums and low income group areas ;

Transportation Transportation Need to procure refuse vehicles with

hydraulic loading and unloading for waste collection in the city;

Waste collection from the slum areas and narrow lanes where large vehicles can not move

Spillage of waste occurs during waste transportation; Frequency of waste collection shall be matched with an efficient vehicle routing and scheduling. Procurement of vehicles

Arrangements shall be made to cover the existing vehicles to reduce waste spillage during transportation;




Actions taken under

NERUDP

Actions under

JNNURM

Construction of new transfer station and vehicle maintenance garage;

TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL:

TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL:

Crude dumping shall be stopped completely;

Introduce sanitary landfill system and development fo new sanitary landfill site in conformance with SWHR-2000.

Introduce treatment facility as the organic fraction in MSW collected in Agartala has higher organic fraction;

Restrict landfill site only to inert and rejects from the treatment plant;

Crude dumping of waste followed in the existing disposal site which leads to environmental pollution; New disposal site is required as the existing site is deteriorating in environment and public health;

Introduce bio-gas cum compost plant Reforms: Reforms:

No by-laws exist in AMC till date for addressing the indiscriminate waste dumping as in line with SWHR-2000 of the GoI.

A new by-law and necessary legislative correction is required to make adequate provision in line SWHR-2000 of the GoI to introduce SWM charges for not maintaining the prescribed norms of waste storage and disposal in the city;

Lack of technical manpower in AMC towards handling SWM

Assistance towards enhance the technical manpower strength in the AMC and create a separate department to handle the SWM

AMC still follow cash based accounting process.

Accounting reforms in the form of computer based double entry accounting system is required. Apart from other function of AMC this system can be used for the maintaining proper record of revenue collected for the SWM user charges and charges taken for not-maintaining the prescribed norms under the by-laws.


15-18

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Existing eff icency in w aste transportation

Mechanised container

Waste collection fromslum areas

Segregation at source

House to house w aste collection

Collection coverage

Existing Proposed under ADB Proposed under JNNURM

Figure 15-2: Proposed Goal for GAPA as per ADB and JNNURM

The priority ranking for SWM has ranking 5/5 showing least priority amongst other infrastructure needs. However many solid waste Management deficiency components exist of which some shall be taken up in ADB project and the remaining components have been proposed under JNNURM. Two units of biogas cum compost plant, improvement of primary and secondary collection along with awareness and IEC is proposed which is shown in Table 15-15. The total cost for SWM is Rs. 379.35 lakhs including the land cost.

Table 15-15: Cost Estimates for SWM S. No Solid Waste Cost

(Rs Lakhs) 1. Bio-gas cum compost plant from solid waste (10 MT capacity) 2 units 83.60 2. Improvement of primary collection systems, including provision of litter

bins, household bins, wheel barrows etc 115.00 3. Secondary collection and transportation 95.00 4. Awareness and IEC 50.00 5. Land Cost 35.75 Sub Total (Rs. Lakhs) 379.35


15.7. DRAINAGE

GAPA has numerous storm water drains and two major rivers flowing though it, the city suffers from recurrent flood problems. Flooding due to drainage congestion occurs in the core area of the city. Recently flooding due to drainage congestion has been observed in the newly developing areas that have been built through the filling up of wetlands and water bodies. Under JNNURM, improvement of 50 kms of storm water drain has been proposed along with improvement of 35kms of covered drains with an estimated cost of Rs. 6183.68 lakhs.

Table 15-16: Cost Estimates for Drainage

S. No Drainage Cost (Rs Lakhs)

1. Improvement of Storm water Drains (50Km) 3425.86 2. Improvement of Storm water Drains (Covered drain 35Km) 2757.82

Sub Total 6183.68



Under JNNURM, protection works along river Haora and Katakhal has been proposed along with the extension of existing Kathakal embankment with a total estimated cost of Rs. 3214.44 lakhs. Table 15-17 shows the cost estimates for river embankment under JNNURM.

Table 15-17: Cost Estimates for Embankment S. No River Embankment Cost

(Rs Lakhs) 1. Howrah Embankment (Protection Works) 1,440.24 2. Katakhal Embankment (Protection Works) 1,353.80 3. Extension Katakhal Embankment (Protection Works) 420.40

Sub Total (Rs.Lakhs) 3,214.44

15.8. TRANSPORTATION

The national highways within the city limits act as primary arteries towards mobility and circulation. NH-44 connects the city with other parts of the city and with neighboring towns of Assam. The city lacks hierarchy of road network both physically and functionally. This is primarily because of NH-44 which passes through the congested area of city loses its function and significance for the portion it traverses through the town area

Road Network: The primary road network of Agartala city comprises of regional links such as Assam Rifle Road, Ashram Road and Bishalgarh Road as well as other roads like Secretariat Road, J.B Road, AJC Road. The road network of about 30 km long was identified, to appreciate broadly road network characteristics. The NH 44 passes through the city and is the lifeline of traffic movement. There is no distinct hierarchy of roads that can be observed. The right of way (RoW) of primary roads is observed to be not varying considerably. About 50% of the road length is revealed to have RoW of 8-10 m and 36% of the road length has more than 10 m RoW.

Intersections: Most of the intersections are T or X shaped, with poor geometrics. Few of the intersections in the city are channelised. The main junctions of Agartala city are Battola Junction, Motor Stand Junction, Jackson Gate Junction and North Gate Junction

Parking: Parking is a major problem in Agartala. Sufficient off-street parking spaces are not available in the city. Moreover due lack of sufficient parking regulations most of the vehicles coming to the Central Zone are parked on the carriageway or inside the narrow shopping lanes which adds to the traffic congestion

Bus/Truck Terminal: The bus terminals, which serve inter-state and intra-state needs, are Motor Stand, Radhanagar, Battala and Laxmi Narayanbari Road. Private buses and hired vehicles (cars, jeeps) also operate from these terminals, as they do not have proper terminals. There is also a Tripura Road Transport Corporation (TRTC) terminal at Thakurpalli, which is being developed as an International bus terminal. A significant portion of passenger traffic within Greater Agartala is carried by auto rickshaws and jeeps. The entry of long distance regional passenger and freight traffic into Agartala city in the absence of any proper bus and truck terminal is a point of concern. This adds to the congestion level on the city roads.



Speed profile: The speeds profile shows that speed varies from 8 kmph to 24 kmph with about 40% of the total road length having speed less than 20 kmph.

Table 15-18 shows the actions required under roads and transportation sector.

Table 15-18: Actions required - Roads and Transportation

Vision Existing Issues Actions required

Actions taken up

under NERUDP

Actions to be taken

under JNNURM

To achieve a transport facility system which shall be Adequate, Safe, Comfortable, Equitable and is Efficient and Sustainable.

Encroachments by vehicles Low operating speeds. Un channelised Junctions. Inadequate parking space. Improper traffic management Poor public transportation system Lack of pedestrian facilities Inadequate road capacity Heavy vehicular traffic Inadequate street light Inadequate Bus terminal Lack of FOB

Capacity Building of existing public transport system Involvement of private players Development of Channelised Junctions Identification of designated parking areas Develop traffic management system. Efficient Public Transport system Promoting Safe Pedestrian Movement. Upgradation of existing roads Control, regulation and segregation of regional traffic with intra urban traffic Better planning and design efforts Development of bus /truck terminal Street lighting

√ √ √ √ √ √ √

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

The preliminary cost for roads and transportation proposed under JNNURM is shown in Table 15-19.

Under JNNURM, 58 roads have been identified for improvement-strengthening and widening. The other proposals include construction of RCC bridges over River Haora and Kathakal, construction of flyovers, intersection improvement, New Bus & truck terminals and street lighting. The estimated cost under traffic and transportation amounts to Rs. 45,438.46 lakhs.



Table 15-19: Cost Estimates for Traffic and Transportation: Traffic and Transportation & Street Lighting Quantity Cost

(Rs Lakhs) Improvement of Roads 58 nos 11,350.64 Construction of RCC bridges over Katakhal 100 m 350.00 Construction of RCC bridges over Howrah 3 nos 1,312.50 Others Bridges 3 nos 1,803.75 Fly Over 5 nos 23800.00 Intersection Improvement 8 nos 586.25 Bus Terminals 3 nos 1,145.32 Truck Terminal 1 no 410 Street lighting (HPSV) About 100 km along with grid sub-station and underground cabling

30,000 per pole 4680.00

Sub Total (Rs. Lakhs) 45438.46

15.9. SLUM UPGRADATION

The number of slums has been increasing within GAPA area and the existing poverty alleviation programmes have been inadequate to cover the BPL population. The ADB project will cover some areas, which needs immediate attention. However due to the limited scope of the project the remaining components shall be covered under JNNURM. Table 15-20 lists the actions taken up under NERUDP and the actions required to be taken under JNNURM.

Table 15-20: Actions required – Slum upgradation

Vision Existing Issues Actions required

Actions taken under

NERUDP

Actions to be taken

under JNNURM

To provide access to housing and basic infrastructure

Increasing levels of poverty; Coverage of poverty alleviation programs inadequate; Increasing number of slums; Poor infrastructure facilities

Provision of Drain Toilets, roads, streetlight and water Providing opportunities for Income Generation. Improvement in Housing Condition Slum Upgradation and Improvement

√ √ √ √

√ √ √

Forty-two slum locations have been identified for slum upgradation under JNNURM and Table 15-21 shows the summary of investments for slum upgradation.

Table 15-21: Summary of capital investments for slum upgradation:

Slum Area Improvements Cost (in Rs. lakhs)

(Infrastructure components Toilet, Roads, Drains, Street Light and Drinking water) 4200.00 Land cost 150.15

Sub-total 4350.15 Slum Housing Construction of 2000 housing unit including other allied facilities 1772.60

Road 537.50 Street Light 34.13



Slum Area Improvements Cost (in Rs. lakhs)

Land Cost (30 hect.) 1072.50 Sub total 3416.73

15.10. SOCIAL AMENITIES

Parks: The city lacks in recreational facilities and hence improvement of the two existing parks are proposed along with the development of 5 new parks and one science park with a total estimated cost of Rs. 1300.13 lakhs.

Table 15-22: Cost Estimates for Parks :

S. No PARKS Cost (Rs.Lakhs)

1. Improvement of existing parks (2 nos) ,5000 sqm 60.00 2. Development of new parks (5 nos) ,3000sqm 135.00 3. Development of one Science parks / Garden (20000sqm,building) 560.00

Land Cost (35000 sqm) 125.13 Sub Total 880.13

Playgrounds: Eight playgrounds with 10000sqkm has been proposed under JNNURM with an estimated cost of Rs. 911.50 lakhs.

Table 15-23: Cost Estimates for playgrounds: S. No Development of playgrounds Base Cost (Rs.

Lakhs) 1. Hindi School field (10000sqm) 105.00 2. Pragati School field(10000sqm) 105.00 3. A.D Nagar School field (10000sqm) 105.00 4. Ramthakur College field(10000sqm) 105.00 5. Jute Mill field (1000sqm) 105.00 6. Bhagat Singh Colony(1000sqm) 105.00 7. Sadhu Tilla School(1000sqm) 105.00 8. Indira nagar High school (1000sqm) 105.00 Land Cost(20000 sqm) 71.5

Sub Total 911.50

Stadium: The condition of the existing stadium is in a dilapidated stage and not able to cater to the needs of the increasing population, Hence improvement of the existing stadium along with construction of two new indoor stadiums and construction of five stadiums has been proposed under JNNURM.

Table 15-24: Cost Estimates for Stadiums

S. No Construction of Indoor Stadium Cost (Rs. Lakhs)

1. Umananto School mini stadium (8000sqm+500sqm gallery) 201.00 2. New indoor stadium at central zone 7000 capacity (6700sqm) 3465.00 3 Land Cost(20000sqm) 100 Sub Total 3766.00 4.

Improvement of Dasharath Deb Stadium ( increased capacity 30,000) 2,541.00

5. Lichubagan (8000sqm+600sqm gallery) 431.00 6. Memorial Club (79 tilla) (8000sqm+600sqm gallery) 431.00 7. Nazrul Bidya Bhawan field (8000sqm+600sqm gallery) 431.00



S. No Construction of Indoor Stadium Cost (Rs. Lakhs)

8. Aralia School field (8000sqm+600sqm gallery) 431.00 9. Land Cost (15000sqm) 75.00

Sub Total 4340.00 Total 8106.00

Markets: The city economy is dependent primarily on the tertiary sector with a small manufacturing base. There are 9 markets maintained by AMC within municipal limits, of which, Battala and Maharaj Ganja Bazaar are important as the main service and distribution center of Greater Agartala. Eight markets of 600 sqm, 700 sqm and 900sqm has been proposed under JNNURM and the total estimated cost amounts to Rs. 471 lakhs.

Table 15-25: Cost Estimates for markets: S. No Development of Markets Cost (Rs.Lakhs)

1. Aralia (600 sqm building) 48.00 2. Vidyasagar (600 sqm building) 48.00 3. Kashipur (600 sqm building) 48.00 4. Barjala (600 sqm building) 48.00 5. Golchakkar (600 sqm building) 48.00 6. Siddhi Asram(600 sqm building) 48.00 7. MB Tilla Market (900 sqm building+Land of 1000sqm) 72.00 8. Pratapgarh Market (700 sqm building) 56.00 9. Land Cost (10000sqm+1000sqm) 55.00

Sub Total 471.00

Heritage and conservation: Urban improvement and heritage conservation of Ujjayanta palace complex has been proposed with a total investment cost of Rs.1136.96 lakhs

Table 15-26: Cost Estimates for Cultural and Heritage S. No Architectural Heritage / Cultural Heritage Cost

(Rs Lakhs) 1. Urban Improvement and heritage conservation of Ujjayanta Palace

complex 1136.96

Sub Total 1,136.96

Preservation of Water Bodies: With a vision to make Agartala an eco-friendly city, the preservation of the water bodies existing in the Municipal areas have been proposed with an estimated cost of Rs. 700 lakhs.

Table 15-27: Cost Estimates for Water Bodies S. No Preservation of Water Bodies Cost

(Rs lakhs) 1. Preservation of existing water bodies (20 locations) 700.00

Sub Total 700.00

15.11. OTHER ENABLING DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

It is envisaged to develop Agartala city as gateway to North Eastern Region in the future. Furher, it is also envisaged to develop all necessary infrastructure that enable investor friendly environment. To facilitate such future vision, the following



projects are envisaged. Together, it would require a capital investment of Rs. 40686.25 Lakhs.

Table 15-28: Cost Estimates for Other Enabling Development Projects Sl.No. Project Cost (Rs,Lakhs)1. Development of Markets a. 1. Aralia (600 sqm building) 48.00b. 2. Vidyasagar (600 sqm building) 48.00c. 3. Kashipur (600 sqm building) 48.00d. 4. Barjala (600 sqm building) 48.00e. 5. Golchakkar (600 sqm building) 48.00f. 6. Siddhi Asram(600 sqm building) 48.00g. 7. MB Tilla Market (900 sqm building+Land of 1000sqm) 72.00h. 8. Pratapgarh Market (700 sqm building ) 56.00i. Land Cost (10000sqm+1000sqm) 55.00 Sub Total 471.00

2. Growth Center with Shopping Mall / Multiplex etc. to attract investment, Bothjung Nagar, Dukli, Other Places Provision for PPP

a. 1. Land Costs (for 100 acres @ Rs. 50 Lakhs/acre) 5,000.00b. 2. Infrastructure Cost (15% of the total land + devlopment cost Costs) 1,500.00 Sub Total 6,500.00

3. IT Park with call centers in or around Tripura University, ITI Complex or other suitable places

a. 1. Land Costs (for 50 acres @ Rs. 50 Lakhs/acre) 2,500.00

b. 2. Infrastructure Cost (15% of the total land + devlopment cost Costs) Development Costs (25 Acres / 101170 Sq m Builtup Space- @ Rs.15000/sqm)

2,650.00

Sub Total 5,150.00

4. New Township between Pandit Nehru Complex and New Capital Complex or other places (10000 houses)

a. 1. Land Costs (for 250 acres @ Rs. 40 Lakhs/acre) 10,000.00

b. 2. Infrastructure Cost (15% of the total land + devlopment cost Costs) Development Costs (10000 Houses @ 1000 sq.ft/unit, 929030 sq.m Built-up space , @ Rs. 10000/sq.m)

1,544.00

Sub Total 11,544.005. Develop / Relocate Milkmen of Gorkhabasti Area a. 1. Relocation and Construction of houses (2000 families @Rs.1 Lakh/unit) 2,000.00 Sub Total 2,000.006. Area Development for Pratapgarh, Aralia and Jogendranagar a. 1. Costs for Roads, Drainage & Street Lighting (25 km @ Rs. 400 lakhs/km) 10,000.00 Sub Total 10,000.007. Eco Park in area between Music College and Shishu Bihar a. 1. Development Costs (for 3 ha @ Rs. 1000/sq.m) 300.00 Sub Total 300.008. War Memorial 500.00 Sub Total 500.009. Other Projects a. 1. Construction of Ceremonial Hall (3 Nos) 146.25b. 2. Town Hall (3 Nos) 3024.00c. 3. Old - Age Home (2 Nos) 100 capacity each 527.00d. 4. Working Girls Hostel (2 Nos) 100 capacity each 459.00e. Land Cost (13000 sqm) 65.00 Sub Total 4,221.25 Total (Rs. Lakhs) 40686.25



15.12. URBAN GOVERNANCE AND CAPACITY BUILDING

Table 15-29: Cost Estimates for Urban Governance S. No Urban Governance & Capacity Building Cost

(Rs Lakhs) 1. Capacity building of the AMC towards implementation of the urban

governance reforms suggested 3000.00

Sub Total 3000.00

15.13. SUMMARY OF CAPITAL INVESTMENT NEEDS - 2011

Given the development vision envisaged for Agartala, the city would need a total capital investment of Rs. 207213.89 Lakhs (Rs. 2072.13 Crores) by 2011. Of which, it is envisaged that Rs. 47610 lakhs is likely to be available through ADB financed North Eastern Region Capital Cities Investment Program. The remaining is envisaged to funded through JNNURM. Table 15-30 presents the total capital investment needs, while Table 15-31 and Table 15-32 present the break-up of ADB funding and JNNURM funding by sector.

Table 15-30: Total Capital Investment Needs for Infrastructure Improvement by 2011 (Rs. Lakhs)

S. No Funding Source Cost (Rs Lakhs) 1. ADB Funded North Eastern Region Capital Cities Investment

Program 47610.00

2. JNNURM funding 159603.89 Total 207213.89

Table 15-31: Infrastructure Improvement under ADB Funding by 2011

S. No Component Cost (Rs Lakhs) 1. Infrastructure Water Supply 7110.0 Sewerage & Sanitation 6660.0 Solid Waste Management 900.0 Drainage 2880.0 Transportation 6705.0 Slum Upgrading 945.0 Unidentified Projects 4680.0 Sub-total 29880.0

2. Capacity Building and Investment Program Management Investment Program Management 0.0 Capacity Building 810.0 Civic Awareness and Participation 585.0 Resettlement 90.0 Incremental Administration 450.0 Sub-total 1935.0

3. Duties and Taxes 4500.0 4. Total Base Costs (1+2+3) 37305.0 5. Contingencies Physical 2790.0 Price 3420.0 Sub-total 6210.0

6. Financing Charges 4095.0 Total Investment Program ( 4+5+6) 47610.0


15-26

Table 15-32: Infrastructure Improvement under under JNNURM - 2011

Project Components INVESTMENT

NEEDS (Rs lakhs)

A Sub Mission 1-Urban Infrastructure and Governance 1 Water Supply 13,338.24 2 Sewerage & Sanitation 27,861.95 3 Storm Water Drainage 6,183.68 4 River Embankment 3,214.44 5 Solid Waste Management 379.35 6 Traffic and Transportation (Road Improvement, Intersection

improvement, Flyovers, Parking, Terminals) 40758.46



8%

17%

4%

2%

0%27%3%1%

5%

25%

2% 5%0%1%


Figure 15-3: Estimated Investment Requirements under JNNURM - 2011

15.14. SUMMARY

The total estimated investment required under JNNURM for period of 7 years (2006-2011) is INR 159603.83 lakhs. The maximum investment is proposed for traffic and transportation followed by sewerage and sanitation, water supply, drainage, stadiums, parks etc.

Details of the capital investment plan are given in Appendix 15.2 to 15.7.




Appendix 15.1

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT COMPONENTS FOR ADB FUNDING

A summary description of the project components, identified as priority infrastructure investment needs, to be implemented under the North Eastern Region Urban Development Proejct is presented in the following sections.

(a) Water Supply

Towards improvement of the present water supply situation in Agartala, the following subprojects are proposed.

Distribution System Upgradation and rehabilitation of existing networks is proposed including extension of networks into presently uncovered areas. The improvements proposed include:

• Provision of 80% service coverage through installation of 99,600 metered service connections, or 42% of the master plan;

• Near-complete replacement of existing connections; • Construction of 23 reservoirs with a capacity of 22.9 ml, or 74% of the master plan; • Construction of 67 kilometres of primary pipelines to create a primary system with a length of 87

kilometres, or 77 % of the master plan; • Construction of 140 kilometres of secondary and tertiary pipelines to create a secondary and

tertiary pipeline network of about 860 kilometres, or 16 % of the master plan; • Construction of 10 chlorinators at major reservoirs to supplement the treatment provided at the

main treatment plant; and, • Reduction in UFW from more than 50% at present to about 30% by 2011.

Source and Treatment Works. The improvements proposed include:

• Provision of infiltration galleries at the College Tilla, which shall be connected to the existing intake wells; the infiltration gallery will improve the quality of water at all times and the quantity of water available when the river is almost dry.

• Installation of pumping machineries at the intake well and construction of aeration cum pre-sedimentation tanks at the existing water treatment plants.

• Replacement of old and inefficient machinery and equipments at the College Tilla treatment plant.

• Provision of dedicated power supply in the river intake works, the treatment plants and the booster pumping stations to the reservoirs;

• Rehabilitation of existing tube wells, and construction of new, more efficient iron removal plants (IRPs), and 7 clear water reservoirs at the 5 IRPs and 2 treatment plants.

• Construction of 5 new iron removal plants • Adequate bacteriological treatment through effective chlorination to ensure supply of safe

quality water, and • Construction of sludge drying and disposal facilities as required at the two treatment plants.

(b) Sewerage and Sanitation

The project proposes (i) coverage of part of the central sewerage zone1 with an underground sewerage system, and (ii) provision of low cost sanitation facilities to communities lacking basic access to sanitation facilities.

1 For preparation of the sewerage master plan the consultants have divided the city into three sewerage zones namely central zone, northern zone and southern zone. Selection of the central zone for the proposed sewerage zone has been done since it is the most congested and densely populated part of the city.



Collection and Treatment The improvements proposed include:

• Construction of one sewerage treatment plant (STP) of 30 MLD using extended aeration system with filter press unit on the right bank of the Haora River. Siting the STP near the Bangladesh border.

• Provision of 9,152 household connections covering 34% of the city’s population; • Construction of 29 km of primary mains, 57 km of secondary collectors, which shall be laid

along the existing roads wherever possible. • Although gravity flow is planned wherever possible, construction of 8 pumping stations is

proposed to pump the sewage in low-lying areas to the nearby gravity sewer or to the STP.

Low Cost Sanitation Facilities. The improvements proposed include:

• Under the community upgradation component proposals are made for provision of sewerage network in the slum areas. Proposals are also made for construction of flush latrines and toilets on a pilot scale for communities presently lacking sanitation facilities. Towards this (i) community toilet blocks with 6 water closets each have been proposed, (ii) financial assistance to 1000 households for upgrading pit latrines and pour flush latrines and connection to the proposed sewers.

(c) Solid Waste Management

The proposals include improvement of (i) primary and secondary collection efficiencies, (ii) existing system for transportation of wastes, and (iii) treatment and disposal of wastes in accordance with Solid Waste Handling Rules (SWHR).

Improvement of Collection System. The components proposed include:

• Introduction of house-to-house waste collection through source segregation to 15,000 households within the central zone of the city. This shall be done in three phases, with a target of 5,000 households per year for three years during the project implementation;

• Provision of 25 liter household bins and heavy duty PVC bags to be used for segregation of wastes;

• Provision of 1000 nos. 30 liter dustbins at public places; • Provision of 700 wheelbarrows to be used by sweepers in central areas of the city; and, • Provision of 70 nos. of 4.5 cu.m community dustbins to be used in areas where bell ringing or

house-to-house service is not provided.

Transportation facilities. Operational improvements of the existing refuse vehicles through incorporation of more vehicles with proper tipping and hydraulic loading/unloading arrangements.

• Provision of 5 medium duty tipper trucks for collecting the wastes from house to house with introduction of bell ringing system in the periphery areas to households along the main road;

• Provision for augmentation of existing fleet of tipper trucks for carrying waste loads from the transfer station to the landfill sites; and,

• Provision of 2 bulldozers, 3 tipper trucks, 2 JCBs and 2 loader bobcats for disposal site and composting plant operations.

Garage and transfer station. The components proposed include

• Two transfer stations of 600cu.m capacity have been proposed at (i) Malay Nagar at the south east portion to cater waste from the central and southern portion of GAPA towards ultimate disposal to Nagichora disposal site and (ii) Indranagar at north east portion to cater waste from central and northern portion; and,

• Development of a new garage cum parking facility at Malay nagar transfer station to accommodate 24 refuse vehicles.

Treatment and Disposal. The components proposed include

• Development of two new disposal sites one at Nagichora (South West) and one at Paschim Noabadi (North-East) with proper arrangement of access, waste retention and leachate collection facilities;

• Detailed design of the new disposal sites and sanitary land filling system;



• Development of a compost plant of 50 TPD at Paschim Noabadi site, and, • Installation of 2 electronic weighbridges for improved vehicle management at the new disposal

sites.

(d) Drainage and Flood Control

The project shall improve the drainage conditions and reduce the flooding in some of the densely populated areas, which are vulnerable to recurrent flooding. A total of 37 critical drainage blocks have been identified within the GAPA. The proposals include (i) improvement of existing drains, (ii) construction of an embankment along the Katakhal river and (iii) improvements to pumping stations including sluice valve repairs.

Construction of Drains. Construction / improvement of drains for a total length of 50.2km in the 37 drainage blocks identified as vulnerable to flooding is proposed. The lengths of the various sizes of drains proposed are as follows: (i) 1.5 x 1.0m size for a length of 2.90km; (ii) 2.5 x 1.5m size for a length of 19.8km; (iii) 2.0 x 1.2m size for a length of 15.5km; (iv) 3.5 x2.2 m size for a length of 3.3km; and (v) 3.0 x 1.8 m size for a length of 8.7km.

Construction/ Raising of Embankment. Construction of embankment of around 2 Km on Katakhal at the downstream point up to the Indian Border i.e., to the BRTF road.

Improvements to Pumping Stations including Sluice Valve Repairs. Construction of sluice gates and pumping stations2 to pump out the water from Akhaura and Kalapania, from their extreme end in Indian Territory to the Katakhal River.

(e) Transportation and Street Lighting

Sub-projects in the transportation and street lighting sector have been identified to help eliminate congestion and improve the operational efficiencies of the existing system.

Improvement of City Roads. A total of 75.5 km of roads within the GAPA, comprising 22 road stretches, are proposed for improvements. Based on the traffic levels, existing conditions etc, the following treatments are proposed: (i) resurfacing, (ii) widening and (iii) reconstruction.

Improvement of Congested Intersections. Improvement of 4 major intersections in the city, (i) motor stand junction; (ii) Battola junction; (iii) Jackson gate junction; and, (iv) North gate junction.

Replacement of Existing Wooden Bridges. Replacement of three existing wooden bridges, those are presently in a dilapidated condition. The proposed RCC bridges with a standard 2 lane clear width shall provide an improved traffic flow.

Construction of Parking Places and Terminals. Development of a parking place at the Motor Stand Junction to accommodate a total of 235 cars in an area

2 After analyzing the natural drainage, it is found that pumping from downstream end (Indian Border) of Akhora and Kalapania will play a pivotal role in draining the Agartala city area during heavy rain.



of 0.42 ha. Improvements at the existing bus stations at Chandrapur and Radhanagar. Construction of two truck terminals.

Provision of Street Lighting.A total of 42.1km roads within GAPA, comprising 17 road stretches have been identified as priority roads for provision of street lighting.

(f) Community Upgradation

Towards improvement of localities with a high population of BPL households, community-upgrading projects are proposed in 10 of the 52 slums of the city. These provide for

• Construction of footpaths and small (4-6 m) roads, capable of supporting light delivery vehicles • Construction of water supplies, water connections, sewerage and sewer connections, • Where water or sewerage cannot be provided, construction of hand pump wells and community

latrines/washing points and Provision of solid waste bins. • Provision of road and footpaths.


11666... FFFiiinnnaaannnccciiiaaalll OOOpppeeerraaatttiiinnnggg PPPlllaannn 1 r a16.1. INTRODUCTION

The Financial Operation Plan (FOP) is essentially a multi-year forecast of finances of the local bodies. The objective of FOP is to assess the investment sustenance capacity of urban local body. An exercise of this nature to be rigorous, existence of well-developed financial management systems and reliable information base is necessary. In the North Eastern Region, the information base is very weak. The systems are inadequately developed. Further, many of the services are being provided by the state through state budget financing. Hence any attempt to develop FOP would only be partial. Within this constraint an attempt has been made to develop a broad assessment framework for project investment.

This chapter presents the Financial and Operating Plan (FOP) in respect of the Agartala Municipal Council (AMC). The FOP examines the financial feasibility and sustainability aspect in the context of not only the fiscal management at the AMC level, but also the institutional arrangements for state-local, and centre-state fiscal transfers, and the fiscal capacities of the state and central governments.

The FoP is essentially a multi-year forecast of finances of the ULBs for a medium term of 7 to 10 years with a view to examine the sustainable of the identified new investments under the JNNURM. It deals with the pattern of financing the new investment that considers alternative sources of financing the vision and the accompanying strategy and programmes. It needs to mentioned that the identified investment is phased from 2006-07 to 2011-12 and the FOP has also been generated from the same period. The financial data of the AMC is used for the purpose. A spreadsheet FOP model has been customized so as to work out the ultimate investment sustaining capacity of the corporation, based on the FOP assumptions.

16.2. INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT PROPOSALS

16.1.1. The Investment Requirements

In the above sections of this report, priority investment projects for the city of Agartala to be covered by the two sub-missions of the JNNURM are identified and cost estimates are given for each of the core service sectors based on the rapid appraisal of the levels and status of urban services. Basically, the cost estimates are derived from the projected demand-supply gap assessments for each of the service sectors as also the norms derived from various sources.

The summary of sector-wise investment requirements are as in Table 16-1. The total investment required would be over Rs. 123609.83.lakhs.


Project Components INVESTMENT

NEEDS @ 2006 prices

(Rs lakhs) A Sub Mission 1-Urban Infrastructure and Governance 1 Water Supply 13338.24 2 Sewerage & Sanitation 27861.95 3 Storm Water Drainage 6183.68 4 River Embankment 3214.44 5 Solid Waste Management 379.35 6 Traffic and Transportation (Road Improvement, Intersection

improvement, Flyovers, Parking, Terminals) 40758.46



16-2

Table 16-1: Estimated Investment requirements JNNURM (Rs. Lakhs)

The shares of different sectors of the total JNNURM investment are as shown in Figure 16-1. It shows that over 27% of the investment would be going towards traffic and transportation and street lighting sector, sewerage and sanitation, drainage, water supply are the other major sectors.

8%

17%

4%

2%

0%27%3%1%

5%

25%

2% 5%0%1%


Figure 16-1



16-3

16.1.2. The Financing Strategies

Toolkit – 1 of the JNNURM process explains the funding pattern and sanction and disbursement of the assistance1. With the population size of 3.68 lakhs Agartala Municipal Council Area comes under category C for the purpose of funding. (See Figure 16-2). Accordingly, for the purpose of Sub-Mission on Urban Infrastructure and Governance projects, Agartala is eligible for a grant covering 90 percent of the cost from the Central government and the remaining 10 percent to be raised by the Tripura government, from either own sources or from borrowings. As regards the Sub-Mission for basic services for urban poor, 90 percent of the cost will be from the Central government and the remaining 10 percent needs to be raised by the State government.


Figure 16-2: Funding Pattern of JNNURM Projects Under Sub-Mission for

Urban Infrastructure and Governance

Given the total requirement, the funding pattern of the new investment for Agartala city could be as in Table 16-2. The total share of the Central government would

1 Government of India, Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission – Toolkit -1 Framework and Process.



be Rs 1112.48 Crores, while that of the State government of Tripura would be Rs 123.60 Crores.

Table 16-2: Funding Pattern of the new investment for Agartala City - Contribution by different levels of government (Rs, Lakhs)

Sector Total Investment Needs (2006 prices)


(90%)

State Govt. Share (10%)

Sub Mission 1: Urban Infrastructure and Governance Water Supply 13338.24 12004.42 1333.82 Sewerage and Sanitation 27861.95 25075.76 2786.19 Storm water drainage & River Embankment 9398.12 8458.31 939.81

Solid Waste Management 379.35 341.42 37.93 Traffic and Transportation (Road Improvement, Intersection improvement, Flyovers, Parking, Terminals)

40758.46 36682.61 4075.85

Street Lighting 4680.00 4212.00 468.00 Parks & Development of playgrounds 1791.63 1612.47 179.16 Construction of Indoor Stadium & Stadium

8106.00 7295.40 810.60

Other Enabling Development Projects 40686.25 36617.63 4068.63 Preservation of water bodies 700.00 630.00 70.00 Heritage Conservation 1136.96 1023.26 113.70 Urban governance and capacity building

3000.00 2700.00 300.00

Sub Total 151836.96 136653.28 15183.69 Sub Mission 2: Basic Services for Urban Poor Slum Development and Housing 7766.88 6990.19 776.69 Total 159603.84 143643.47 15960.38

The share of investment needs by various institutions would be as given in Table 16-3.

Table 16-3: Funding Pattern by Institution for Agartala City (Rs. Lakhs)

Sl no Sector

Total Investment

Needs (2006 prices)


(90%)


Sub Mission 1: Urban Infrastructure and Governance 1 Water Supply 13338.24 12004.42 12004.42

2 Sewerage and Sanitation 27861.95 25075.76 25075.76

3 Storm water drainage & River Embankment 9398.12 8458.31 8458.31

4 Solid Waste Management 379.35 341.42 341.42

5

Traffic and Transportation (Road Improvement, Intersection improvement, Flyovers, Parking, Terminals)

40758.46 36682.61 36682.61

6 Street Lighting 4680.00 4212.00 4212.00

7 Parks & Development of playgrounds 1791.63 1612.47 1612.47

8 Construction of Indoor Stadium & Stadium 8106.00 7295.40 7295.40

9 Other Enabling Development Projects 40686.25 36617.63 36617.63

10 Preservation of water 700.00 630.00 630.00



Sl no Sector

Total Investment

Needs (2006 prices)


(90%)


Sub Mission 1: Urban Infrastructure and Governance bodies

11 Heritage Conservation 1136.96 1023.26 1023.26

12 Urban governance and capacity building 3000.00 2700.00 2700.00

Sub Total 151836.96 136653.28 50220.18 8458.31 37080.18 36682.61 4212.00 Sub Mission 2: Basic Services for Urban Poor

1 Slum Development and Housing 7766.88 6990.19 6990.19

Total 159603.84 143643.47 57210.37 8458.31 37080.18 36682.61 4212.00 16 (% By institution) 100 39.8 5.9 25.8 25.5 2.9

Table 16-4: Funding Pattern by Institution for Agartala City (Rs. Lakhs)

Institution Base Cost (2006 prices) 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

AMC 63,567.06 9,190.59 12,152.12 19,165.78 12,289.88 12,724.83 5,773.20 UDD 9,398.12 0.00 2,467.01 2,590.36 2,719.88 2,855.87 0.00

PHED 41,200.19 4,282.84 8,738.14 10,263.17 10,730.03 8,813.03 3,531.23 PWD 40,758.46 253.50 9,259.19 11,161.19 11,677.87 12,170.60 1,866.68 TSEB 4,680.00 0.00 0.00 1,289.93 1,354.42 1,422.14 1,493.25 Total 159,603.83 13,726.93 32,616.45 44,470.43 38,772.07 37,986.47 12,664.37

16.3. AMC FINANCE PROJECTIONS

16.1.3. Forecast of Revenue Income

The projections of finance situation of AMC have been made assuming the past trends and certain resource mobilization measures such as introduction of property tax by the year FY 2008/09 and its revision by FY 2011/12. Table 16-5 and Table 16-6 present the assumptions and the projected revenue and expenditure of Agartala Municipal Council. Table 16-7 presents the projected revenue and expenditure of PHED and PWD.

Table 16-5: Assumption Adopted for Forecasting Realization under Various Heads Item Alternate scenario

I House tax Introduction of house tax by 2008/09. The revision of taxes would take place by the year 2011/12. .

II Other tax Advertisement tax collection to the tune of 15%. Water tax up to 3%

III Income from municipal properties, realization under sp. Acts, Inst., Rent & Others

Forecast adopting current average growth rate, to the tune of 15%.

IV State Government and Other Grants Up to a maximum of 24%

Table 16-6: AMC – Projected Revenue and Expenditure Pattern (Rs. Millions) Head of Account 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Opening Balance 115.09 100.91 73.23 5.95 4.47 40.60 A- Own Sources- Taxes 1 Property Tax 106.62 134.29 171.12 191.98 252.15 295.44 2 Advertisement Tax 0.22 0.25 0.29 0.33 0.38 0.43 3 Other Taxes (Water Tax) 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.25 4 Scavenging Tax 9.31 10.71 12.54 18.41 21.17 24.34 Sub Total A 116.36 145.47 184.18 210.95 273.94 320.47 B- Own Sources- Non Taxes 1 Income from Municipal Real Estates 0.23 0.27 0.31 0.36 0.41 0.48



Head of Account 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2 Rent from Stall/Vendors/Informal Activities 7.29 8.76 10.53 12.66 15.21 18.28 3 Registration and Licence Fee 1.51 1.75 2.03 2.36 2.73 3.17 4 Building Plan Approval 3.10 4.60 6.84 10.16 15.09 22.42 5 Income from Tanker Water Supply 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 6 Income Sanitation Operation 0.49 0.56 0.65 0.75 0.87 1.00 7 Other Fees and Fines 0.93 1.14 1.40 1.72 2.12 2.60 8 Others 1.80 1.67 1.55 1.44 1.34 1.24 Sub Total B 15.52 18.93 23.49 29.62 37.95 49.37 C- State Transfers and Grants 1 General Transfers 78.94 79.18 83.80 88.99 93.26 97.56 2 Grant in Aid 8.34 8.34 8.34 8.34 8.34 8.34 Sub Total C 87.27 87.51 92.14 97.33 101.60 105.90 Grand Total Revenue Income 219.16 251.92 299.81 337.90 413.49 475.74 Revenue Expenditure A Establishment 1 Staff Salaries and Bonus 116.05 129.98 145.57 163.04 182.61 204.52 2 Wages and Casual Labour Payments 14.75 16.52 18.50 20.72 23.20 25.99 3 Pension, Gratity and PF Contribution 12.34 13.82 15.48 17.34 19.42 21.75 4 Other Allowances 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.39 Sub Total A- Establishment 143.47 160.66 179.91 201.46 225.61 252.64 B Operation & Maintenance 1 Rent for Buildings/Offices 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.39 0.40 2 Vehicle Maintenance etc 3.64 3.83 4.02 4.22 4.43 4.65 3 Maint. of Roads, Drains & other Civil works 6.80 7.14 7.50 7.88 8.27 8.68 4 Stationery, Books Journals etc. 0.61 0.63 0.65 0.66 0.68 0.71 5 Solid Waste Disposal 3.63 3.81 4.00 4.20 4.41 4.64 6 Power Charges- Lighting 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.33 7 Telephone Charges 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.29 0.32 0.35 8 Others 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Sub Total B- O & M 15.53 16.30 17.10 17.94 18.82 19.75 C Debt Servicing 1 Debt Servicing- Existing 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 Debt Servicing- New 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Sub Total C 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 D Additional O & M Addl. O&M for New Investments 0.00 3.12 10.72 19.41 29.23 39.62 Sub Total D 0.00 3.12 10.72 19.41 29.23 39.62 Grand Total Revenue Expenditure 159.00 180.07 207.72 238.81 273.66 312.02 Revenue Account Status- Surplus/Deficit 60.15 71.85 92.09 99.09 139.83 163.72 Capital Receipts 1 Finance Commission Grants 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 15.01 2 General Grants from State 8.34 8.34 8.34 8.34 8.34 10.00 3 Grant by GOI 668.99 895.77 1434.33 905.11 933.28 397.13 4 Loan by GoI 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total Capital Receipts 689.83 916.61 1455.17 925.95 954.12 422.14 Capital Expenditure A Capital Works 1 General Capital Works 20.84 20.84 20.84 20.84 20.84 0.00 2 Solid Waste Management 0.00 0.00 5.54 11.68 10.41 10.93 3 Slum Improvement 123.36 161.17 128.73 136.29 143.10 39.69 4 Improvement of Markets 4.62 6.99 11.46 10.23 7.03 4.77 5 Parks and Gardens 3.55 13.72 18.97 15.82 16.61 17.44 6 Heritage Conservation 19.33 20.29 21.31 22.37 23.49 0.00 7 Stadium Development 4.96 142.99 175.04 178.05 186.95 104.01 8 Improvement of Playground 0.00 8.37 18.63 29.90 21.70 11.39 9 Street Lighting 0.00 12.50 13.12 13.78 14.46 15.19 # Other Projects 587.51 629.26 1200.89 587.56 613.22 237.83 Grand Total Capital Expenditure 764.16 1016.14 1614.54 1026.51 1057.82 441.25 Capital Account Status- Surplus/Deficit -74.33 -99.53 -159.37 -100.57 -103.70 -19.12 Closing Balance 100.91 73.23 5.95 4.47 40.60 185.21 Summary of Financial Indicators 1 Operating Ratio 0.73 0.46 0.69 0.71 0.66 0.66 2 Capital Utilisation Ratio 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.05 3 Share of Estab.of the Total Expenditure 90.23 89.22 86.61 84.36 82.44 80.97 4 Share of Revenue Spent on Establishment 65.47 63.77 60.01 59.62 54.56 53.11 5 Debt Servicing Cost as % of Revenue

Income 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00



Table 16-7: PHED & PWD – Projected Revenue and Expenditure Pattern (Rs. Millions) Head of Account 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 II- Public Health Engineering Department Opening Balance -41.0 -41.2 -41.2 -45.6 -56.0 -74.6 Revenue Income 1 Water Tax 2 Water Charges 10.66 15.01 16.77 20.52 23.05 23.50 3 Sewer Charges 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 Income Thru Tanker Supply and Others 5 New Connection Fee- Water Supply 7.61 4.95 5.69 6.54 6 New Connection Fee- Sewerage 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total Revenue Income 18.27 19.96 22.46 27.06 30.57 32.16 Revenue Expenditure 1 Establishment 18.49 19.99 21.60 23.35 25.24 23.35 2 O & M 3 Additional O & M 0.00 0.00 5.20 14.13 23.94 34.59 4 Debt Servcing 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total Revenue Expenditure 18.49 19.99 26.80 37.48 49.18 57.94 Revenue Account Status- Surplus/Deficit -0.22 -0.03 -4.34 -10.42 -18.61 -25.79 Capital Receipts 1 General Grants 2 Project Loan Component 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3 Project Grant Component- GOI 327.64 668.47 785.13 820.85 674.20 270.14 4 Project Grant Component- State 36.40 74.27 87.24 91.21 Total Capital Receipts 364.04 742.74 872.37 912.05 749.11 300.15 Capital Expenditure A Capital Works 1 Water Supply 0.00 173.18 289.12 303.58 315.14 236.20 2 Sanitation and Sewerage 364.04 569.57 583.25 608.48 433.97 63.95 Grand Total Capital Expenditure 364.04 742.74 872.37 912.05 749.11 300.15 Capital Account Status- Surplus/Deficit 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Closing Balance -41.18 -41.21 -45.55 -55.97 -74.58 -100.37 II- Public Works Department Opening Balance -31.7 -40.2 -49.5 -80.1 -134.3 -214.4 Revenue Income 1 Income Total Revenue Income 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Revenue Expenditure 1 Establishment 8.53 8.78 9.04 9.32 9.60 9.88 2 O & M 3 Additional O & M 0.00 0.51 21.52 44.92 70.52 98.38 4 Debt Servcing 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total Revenue Expenditure 8.53 9.29 30.56 54.23 80.11 108.27 Revenue Account Status- Surplus/Deficit -8.53 -9.29 -30.56 -54.23 -80.11 -108.27 Capital Receipts 1 General Grants 2 Project Loan Component 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3 Project Grant Component- GOI 22.82 1055.36 1237.64 1295.80 1352.38 168.00 4 Project Grant Component- State 2.54 117.26 137.52 143.98 150.26 Total Capital Receipts 25.35 1172.62 1375.16 1439.77 1502.65 186.67 Capital Expenditure 22.82 1055.36 1237.64 1295.80 1352.38 168.00 A Capital Works 1 Roads to be Under Taken by PWD 25.35 925.92 1116.12 1167.79 2 Storm Water Drainage 0.00 246.70 259.04 271.99 285.59 0.00 Grand Total Capital Expenditure 25.35 1172.62 1375.16 1439.77 1502.65 186.67 Capital Account Status- Surplus/Deficit 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Closing Balance -40.22 -49.50 -80.07 -134.30 -214.41 -322.68

16.4. SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT

Table 16-8 presents the sustainable investment of AMC, PHED and PWD.

Table 16-8: Sustainable Investment by Institution (Rs. Millions) 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total Sustainable Investments 1 AMC 0.00 743.32 995.30 1593.70 1005.67 1036.98 441.25 5816.22 2 PHED 0.00 364.04 742.74 872.37 912.05 749.11 300.15 3940.47 3 PWD 0.00 25.35 1172.62 1375.16 1439.77 1502.65 186.67 5702.21 Total 0.00 1132.71 2910.66 3841.22 3357.50 3288.73 928.08 15458.90



2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Total

Total Commitment by GoI (90% of Project Cost)

0.00 1019.44 2619.59 3457.10 3021.75 2959.86 835.27 13913.01

Funding Commitment for the Project 1 Loan by GoI 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 Grant by GoI 0.00 1019.44 2619.59 3457.10 3021.75 2959.86 835.27 13913.01

3 Self Generated Funds by Local Body or State 0.00 113.27 291.07 384.12 335.75 328.87 92.81 1545.89

Additional Support for Deficit Funding 1 AMC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 PHED 6.64 0.22 0.03 4.34 10.42 18.61 25.79 66.04 3 PWD 8.28 8.53 9.29 30.56 54.23 80.11 108.27 299.27 Total Support from State 14.91 122.02 300.38 419.03 400.40 427.59 226.86 1911.20

16.5. RESULTS OF THE FOP

The FOP is generated for the sustainable investment. The 7-year FOP of AMC is presented in Appendix 16.1. It may be noted that, under the assumptions made, the AMC records a positive closing balance during all the years of the planning horizon. This improvement in the performance of AMC would be due to the enhanced revenue from own sources by way of rationalising property tax and charges, improving collection efficiency and widening the tax base.

The results of the FOP in terms of the total investment required, investment sustainable and source-wise funding of the sustainable investment for the AMC is presented in Appendix 16.1 to 16.8.

AAAppppppeeennndddiiiccceeesss

Appendix 15.1

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012

A SUB MISSSION 1: URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE & GOVERNANCE1 Water Supply

1. Augmentation of surface water drawing from river Gumti at Mohanbhog appx. 45 km from Agartala including intermediate pumping statoins. 4859.25 1020.4425 1071.46 1125.04 1181.29 1240.35 5638.592. Construction of New Deep Tube Well as 30 % standby, ( 15 nos) 105.00 36.75 38.59 40.52 115.853. Construction of Iron Removal plant (IRP) (i) 8.63 MLD capacity near Kunjaban(ii) 6.99 MLD capacity near Jogendranagar(iii) 4.13 MLD capacity near P&T Quarters (20 MLD) 316.00 82.95 87.10 91.45 96.02 357.524. Construction of Zonal Service Reservoirs in ML(I) Zone-1--------------------------->1.91ML(ii) Zone-10-------------------------->1.79ML(iii) Zone-15-------------------------->0.59ML(iv) Zone-16-------------------------->1.77ML(v) Zone-17--------------------------->1.92ML 877.80 230.42 241.94 254.04 266.74 993.155. Construction of Primary Network in distribution system (12.52 Kms) 455.20 119.49 125.46 131.74 138.32 515.026. Construction of Secondary and Tertiary Network in distribution system (195 Kms) 1214.50 334.75 351.48 369.06 387.51 1442.807. Provision for Consumer meters ( 16000 nos) 1983.73 546.77 574.10 602.81 632.95 2356.638. Provision for House service connections (16000 nos) 1623.63 447.51 469.89 493.38 518.05 1928.839. Provision for Advanced Leak Detection Instrument (1 no) 7.00 7.35 7.3510. Construction of treatment plant 40 MLD capacity 1567.50 411.47 432.04 453.64 476.33 1773.4811. Construction O H Reservoir (1 Nos) 2.5ML 275.00 72.19 75.80 79.59 83.57 311.14

1.1 Land Cost 53.63 56.31 56.31Sub Total 13,338.24 0.00 2,037.37 3,401.42 3,571.49 3,707.53 2,778.87 15,496.67

2 Sewerage & Sanitation2.1 Central Zone

1. Construction of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), 15 MLD 727.50 181.88 190.97 200.52 210.54 783.902. Construction of Sewage Pumping Stations in 5 places, 5 Nos 534.00 133.50 140.18 147.18 154.54 575.403. Rising main from each of Sewage Pumping Station to nearest Gravity sewer (150 mm to 600 mm Dia), 2.00 Kms 172.00 43.00 45.15 47.41 49.78 185.344. Construction of Primary Network System, 25.00 Kms 1122.50 280.63 294.66 309.39 324.86 1209.535. Construction of Secondary and Tertiary Network, 49.00 Kms 2200.30 440.06 462.06 485.17 509.42 534.90 2431.616. Provision for Household Connections, 41116 nos 5287.50 1057.50 1110.38 1165.89 1224.19 1285.40 5843.367. Provision for Sewer Cleaning Machines, 1 no 40.00 44.10 44.108. Construction of community toilet block with 6 WC, 6 nos 52.20 13.70 14.39 15.11 15.86 59.069. Assistance to Households having existing latrine but disposal is being done into a pit / natural drain, 2000 nos 292.20 76.70 80.54 84.56 88.79 330.60

2.2 Northern Zone1. Construction of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), 34 MLD 1649.00 412.25 432.86 454.51 477.23 1776.852. Construction of Primary Network System, 28.00 kms 1260.00 315.00 330.75 347.29 364.65 1357.693. Construction of Secondary and Tertiary Network , 55.00 kms 2469.00 617.25 648.11 680.52 714.54 2660.424. Provision for Household Connections , 22059 nos 2837.00 567.40 595.77 625.56 656.84 689.68 3135.245. Community toilet block with 6 WC, 6 nos 52.00 13.65 14.33 15.05 15.80 58.836. Assistance of households having existing latrine but disposal is being done into a pit/natural drains , 1000 nos 146.00 38.33 40.24 42.25 44.37 165.19

2.3 Southern Zone1. Construction of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), 41 MLD 1989.00 522.11 548.22 575.63 604.41 2250.372. Construction of Primary Network System , 27.00 kms 1215.00 318.94 334.88 351.63 369.21 1374.663. Construction of Secondary and Tertiary Network System , 53.00 kms 2385.00 626.06 657.37 690.23 724.75 2698.414. Provision for Household Connections , 21501 nos 2765.00 580.65 609.68 640.17 672.17 705.78 3208.465. Community toilet block with 6 WC , 6 nos 52.00 13.65 14.33 15.05 15.80 58.836. Assistance of households having existing latrine but disposal is being done into a pit/natural drains, 1000 nos 146.00 40.24 42.25 44.37 46.58 173.44

2.4 Land Cost 468.75 234.38 246.09 480.47Sub Total 27,861.95 4,282.84 6,700.77 6,861.75 7,158.53 5,105.50 752.37 30,861.76

3 Solid Waste Management1. Bio-gas cum compost plant from solid waste (10 MT capacity) 2 units 83.60 32.26 33.87 35.57 101.702.Improvement of primary collection systems, including provision of litter bins, household bins, wheel 115.00 31.70 33.28 34.95 36.69 136.623. Secondary collection and transportation 95.00 36.66 38.49 40.42 115.56

Phased Investment Needs (including annual inflation of 5%) (Rs. Lakhs)

ESTIMATED INVESTMENT NEEDS FOR AGARTALA CITY - 2011(To be funded under JNNURM)

Sl.No. LIST OF PROJECTS BaseCost (Rs Lakhs)

Total Cost (Rs Lakhs)

1

Appendix 15.1

Phased Investment Needs (including annual inflation of 5%) (Rs. Lakhs)Sl No LIST OF PROJECTS BaseCost Total Cost

4. Awareness and IEC 50.00 13.78 14.47 15.19 15.95 59.403.1 Land Cost 35.75 19.71 20.69 40.40

Sub Total 379.35 0.00 0.00 65.19 137.36 122.50 128.63 453.684 Storm Water Drainage & River Embankment Development 0.00 0.00 6.52 13.74 12.25 12.86

4.1 Storm water Drains1. Improvement of Storm water Drains (50Km) 3425.86 899.29 944.25 991.47 1041.04 3876.042. Improvement of Storm water Drains (Covered drain 35Km) 2757.82 723.93 760.12 798.13 838.04 3120.22

Sub Total 6,183.68 0.00 1,623.22 1,704.38 1,789.59 1,879.07 0.00 6,996.264.2 River Embankment

1. Howrah Embankment (Protection Works) 1440.24 378.06 396.97 416.81 437.66 1629.502. Katakhal Embankment (Protection Works) 1353.80 355.37 373.14 391.80 411.39 1531.703.Extension Katakhal Embankment (Protection Works) 420.40 110.36 115.87 121.67 127.75 475.65

Sub Total 3,214.44 0.00 843.79 885.98 930.28 976.79 0.00 3,636.85

5 Urban Transportation and Street Lighting5.1 Road Improvement

1. Approach Road of Jagatpur - Dhaleswar RCC bridge 42.32 11.11 11.66 12.25 12.86 47.882. Rajnagar bridge link road 194.31 51.01 53.56 56.24 59.05 219.853. Central road to up to bypass 946.95 248.57 261.00 274.05 287.76 1071.394. Pratapgarh bridge link road upto Sadhu tilla 181.36 47.61 49.99 52.49 55.11 205.195. Baldakhal road 302.27 79.34 83.31 87.48 91.85 341.996. Nagichara road (towards Dumping ground ) 302.27 79.34 83.31 87.48 91.85 341.997. Dhaleswar road-3,4,6,7,8,9,10&12-15,17 560.38 147.10 154.45 162.18 170.28 634.018. Ramnagar road -7-10& Ranjitngar road 229.90 63.37 66.53 69.86 73.35 273.119. Joynagar middle road lane 1-6 86.21 23.76 24.95 26.20 27.51 102.4210. Kadamtala -Advisor Chowmuhani to Colonel Chowmuhani via Weight & Measurement Office 48.28 13.31 13.97 14.67 15.40 57.3511. Shylark-Bidurkarta via Old Kalibari & Banerjee para 107.76 29.70 31.19 32.75 34.38 128.0212. Jahar bridge to Ramthakur school via Gandhighat & link road (bottom of embankment) 241.39 66.53 69.86 73.35 77.02 286.7713. Howrah Embankment road from Aralia to Chandrapur 98.03 27.02 28.37 29.79 31.28 116.4614. Battala to Jaipur embankment road 392.12 102.93 108.08 113.48 119.16 443.6515. Ranjitnagar to Chandrapur (Katakhal embankment road ) 735.23 193.00 202.65 212.78 223.42 831.8416. Barjala-Ushabazar via Chandinamura 241.81 63.48 66.65 69.98 73.48 273.5917. Camper Bazar to Battala via Dinadayal Asram Kali tilla& Bapuji School 302.27 79.34 83.31 87.48 91.85 341.9918. AD Nagar Drop Gate to Dukli Block Chowmuhani via SIPARD,Beltali and Panchamukh 81.87 21.49 22.56 23.69 24.88 92.6219. Netaji Statue on Central Road Extention to Stadium to Subhash Nagar 362.11 95.05 99.81 104.80 110.04 409.6920. Kashipur on NH-44 to Moriyamnagar to Lalmatia to GB Road 96.89 26.71 28.04 29.44 30.92 115.1021. MB Tilla to Rajnagar to Golchakkar to Ranjitnagar to Lankamura to Airport Road 40.67 11.21 11.77 12.36 12.98 48.3222. Opposite Cancer Hospital to Buddha Mandir via Jagatpur and Harijan Colony 163.75 42.98 45.13 47.39 49.76 185.2723. Bardowali School on NH-44to Siddhi Ashram via Pally Unnayan Sangha,Stadium and (proposed)Railway Station 670.26

175.94 184.74 193.98 203.68 758.3324. Bhatta Pukur Bus Stop on NH-44 to Bapuji School to AD Nagar School 242.26 63.59 66.77 70.11 73.62 274.1025. Tehsil office (East PS)to behind Tulasibari School to LN Bari to Town Hall to North Gate 132.64 36.56 38.39 40.31 42.32 157.5726. Netaji Chowmuhani to Gandhi School in Old Gangali 148.93 41.05 43.10 45.25 47.52 176.9227. Harish Thakur Road near Sat Sangha to Buddha Mandir via Bijoy Kumar Chowmuhani and ParijatBridge 242.00

66.70 70.04 73.54 77.22 287.5028. Roads in Ramnagar (Road No 1,2,3,4,5,6and back Lane) 231.41 60.75 63.78 66.97 70.32 261.8229. Roads in Dhaleswar (Road No 2,5,11and 16) 100.34 26.34 27.66 29.04 30.49 113.5230. A.D. Nagar Road No.1 to 24. (8 KM) 518.17 136.02 142.82 149.96 157.46 586.2631. Dropgate to SIPARD. (1.5 KM) 64.66 16.97 17.82 18.71 19.65 73.1632. Siddhi Ashram to By-Pass/Rly. Station via Durga bari, Roy colony & R.K. Mission. (3 KM) 194.31 53.56 56.24 59.05 62.00 230.8433. Block Chowmohani to Amtali P.S. via Baishnab - Tilla. (1.5 KM) 24.90 6.86 7.21 7.57 7.94 29.5834. Badharghat to Beltali Via Chowrangi. (1 KM) 43.11 11.88 12.48 13.10 13.75 51.2135. MB Tilla to Matripalli via Central godown. (500 Mtr.) 21.55 5.94 6.24 6.55 6.88 25.6036. Camperbazar to Chowrangi via Hospital & Loknath. (1.3 KM) 56.04 14.71 15.45 16.22 17.03 63.4037. Chowrangi to Lalbazar via Navadiganta to ONGC 1st gate. (1.5 KM) 24.90 6.54 6.86 7.21 7.57 28.1738. Jorapukur to Balurchar (upto South Joynagar bridge) 43.11 11.32 11.88 12.48 13.10 48.7739. Kalikapur Golchakkar to Rampur Sluice gate. (1 KM) 43.11 11.32 11.88 12.48 13.10 48.7740. TV Tower to Kathaltali via Ichabazar/Stadium. (3.0 KM) 194.31 53.56 56.24 59.05 62.00 230.8441. Badharghat Chowmohani to By-pass via Kabiraj tilla, Nabinpalli, Subhash nagar, Maloy nagar, Netaji Colony, Aralia. (10 KM) 647.71 178.53 187.45 196.82 206.67 769.4742. Milan Chakra to Stadium (500 mtr.) 21.55 5.94 6.24 6.55 6.88 25.6043. Bidyasagar Chowmohani to Sukanta Colony via Banik Para (2.5 KM) 107.76 29.70 31.19 32.75 34.38 128.0244. Jahar bridge to Stadium via Janakalyan, Pratapgarh & BBC Club (1.5 KM) 24.90 6.54 6.86 7.21 7.57 28.1745. Bardowali School to Kabiraj tilla (2 KM) 86.21 22.63 23.76 24.95 26.20 97.54

2

Appendix 15.1


46. Navadiganta to Ishan Ch. Nagar via Karaimura (1.5 KM) 24.90 6.54 6.86 7.21 7.57 28.1747. Siddhi Asram to Pancha Mukh (1 KM) 16.60 4.36 4.57 4.80 5.04 18.7848. Siddhi Asram to Khudiram Colony via Baishnab Tilla & Roy Colony. (1.5 KM) 24.90 6.86 7.21 7.57 7.94 29.5849. Milan Sangha to Arabinda Sangha (700 mtr.) 30.17 8.32 8.73 9.17 9.63 35.8550. East Chandinamura to Nutannagar Market via Madhya Bhuban ban High School. (5 KM) 323.86 89.26 93.73 98.41 103.33 384.7351. Gurkhabasti to A R ground via Nutan basti. (2 KM) 129.54 34.00 35.71 37.49 39.36 146.5752. West Bhubanban main road to Bin para via Roy para. (1.8 KM) 77.59 20.37 21.39 22.46 23.58 87.7953. Gandhi Road to West Chandinamura via Mathbari / ICDS Centre. (2.5 KM) 107.76 28.29 29.70 31.19 32.75 121.9354. West Bhubanban S.B. School to Paul para via Lankamura Bridge. (2.0 KM) 86.21 23.76 24.95 26.20 27.51 102.4255. 79 Tilla to Chandmari A.H. dispensary. (1.5 KM) 64.66 17.82 18.71 19.65 20.63 76.8156. SDO Chowmohani to Rubber Board road via A.H. Dispensary. (1.5 KM) 64.66 17.82 18.71 19.65 20.63 76.8157. FCI godown to Amtali via Sukanta Colony & Marak para. (2.0 KM) 86.21 22.63 23.76 24.95 26.20 97.5458. Chandrapur (NH-44) to GB road via Laddu Chowmohani (3 KM) 194.31 51.01 53.56 56.24 59.05 219.85

5.1.1 Land Cost (4.46+2.37+2.71) hect 477.00 238.50 250.43 488.93Sub Total 11,350.64 238.50 2,232.63 2,997.05 3,146.90 3,304.24 1,060.07 12,979.39

5.2 Construction of RCC bridges 5.2.1 Construction of RCC bridges over Katakhal

1. At Abhoynagar (Near Pragati School ) Over Katakhal River ,100m Length 350.00 96.47 101.29 106.36 111.67 415.79Sub Total 350.00 0.00 0.00 96.47 101.29 106.36 111.67 415.79

5.2.2 Construction of RCC bridges over Howrah1. Central Road Extension Over Howrah River ,120m Length 450.00 118.13 124.03 130.23 136.74 509.132. At Pratapgarh (Near Ramthakur School ) Over Howrah River ,120m Length 450.00 118.13 124.03 130.23 136.74 509.133. At Baldakhal Over Howrah River ,110m Length 412.50 108.28 113.70 119.38 125.35 466.71

Sub Total 1,312.50 0.00 344.53 361.76 379.85 398.84 0.00 1,484.975.2.3 Other Bridges

1. At Nagicherra ( 2 bridges) ,30m Length each 195.00 53.75 56.43 59.26 62.22 231.662. Barjala - Nutannagar , 20m Length 65.00 17.92 18.81 19.75 20.74 77.223.RCC Bridges /Culverts (19 Nos) 25 m each in length 1543.75 425.50 446.77 469.11 492.56 1833.94

Sub Total 1,803.75 0.00 0.00 497.16 522.02 548.12 575.52 2,142.825.3 Fly Overs

1. At Battala Zone (1.7 km) 5950.00 1561.88 1639.97 1721.97 1808.07 6731.882. Central Area (1.5km) 5250.00 1378.13 1447.03 1519.38 1595.35 5939.893. G.B.Medical area (1.2 km) 4200.00 1102.50 1157.63 1215.51 1276.28 4751.914. Motor stand to Chandrapur (1.1 km) 3850.00 1010.63 1061.16 1114.21 1169.92 4355.925. North Gate to Colonel Chowmani (1.3 km) 4550.00 1194.38 1254.09 1316.80 1382.64 5147.91

Sub Total 23,800.00 0.00 6,247.50 6,559.88 6,887.87 7,232.26 0.00 26,927.515.4 Intersection Improvement

1. Shankar 4-arm Junction (3000 sqm) 75.00 26.25 27.5625 28.940625 82.752. Paradise 4-arm Junction(3000 sqm) 75.00 26.25 27.5625 28.940625 82.753. Math 4-arm Junction(3000 sqm) 75.00 26.25 27.5625 28.940625 82.754. TRIC 3-arm Junction(2250 sqm) 56.25 20.67 21.71 22.79 65.175. Bidurkarta 4-arm Junction(3000 sqm) 75.00 27.56 28.94 30.39 86.896. Ganaraj 4-arm Junction(3000 sqm) 75.00 27.56 28.94 30.39 86.897. Jackson Gate Junction(2000 sqm) 50.00 18.38 19.29 20.26 57.938. Battala 3-arm Junction(3000 sqm) 75.00 27.56 28.94 30.39 86.89

5.4.1 Land Cost(3000sqm+3000 sqm) 30.00 15.00 15.75 30.75Sub Total 586.25 15.00 94.50 204.42 214.64 134.21 0.00 662.78

5.5 Bus Terminals1. New construction of Motor- Stand at Agartala Railway Station (4000 sqm) 94.70 24.86 26.10 27.41 28.78 107.142. New construction of Motor- Stand at Capital Complex(3800 sqm) 89.97 23.62 24.80 26.04 27.34 101.793. Improvement of Nagerjala-Battala Motor stand(25000 sqm) 910.66 239.05 251.00 263.55 276.73 1030.32

5.5.1 Land Cost (10000sqm) 50.00 52.5 52.50Sub Total 1,145.32 0.00 340.02 301.90 316.99 332.84 0.00 1,291.76

5.6 Truck Terminal1. New construction of Truck Terminal (10000 sqm) 374.25 103.15 108.31 113.73 119.41 444.60

5.6.1 Land Cost (10000sqm) 35.75 39.414375 39.41Sub Total 410.00 0.00 0.00 142.57 108.31 113.73 119.41 484.02

5.7 Street lighting (HPSV)1. About 100 km @ 30,000 per pole 1020.00 281.14 295.19 309.95 325.45 1211.742. Capacity addition to Agartala grid sub-station(1x30 MVA, 132/33 KV, 5x33 KV bay etc) 600.00 165.38 173.64 182.33 191.44 712.793. UG cabling by 3 core 11 kv line for about 25 km 1000.00 275.63 289.41 303.88 319.07 1187.984. UG cabling by 1 core 33 kv line between 3/4 sub-grids 2060.00 567.79 596.18 625.99 657.29 2447.24

3

Appendix 15.1


Sub Total 4,680.00 0.00 0.00 1,289.93 1,354.42 1,422.14 1,493.25 5,559.746 City Beautification & Environmental improvement

6.1 Parks1. Improvement of existing parks (2 nos) ,5000 sqm 60.00 16.54 17.36 18.23 19.14 71.282. Development of new parks (5 nos) ,3000sqm each 135.00 37.21 39.07 41.02 43.07 160.383. Development of one Science parks / Garden (20000sqm,building) 560.00 117.6 123.48 129.65 136.14 142.94 649.81

6.1.1 Land Cost (35000 sqm) 125.13 41.71 43.79 45.98 131.49Sub Total 880.13 41.71 161.39 223.21 186.09 195.39 205.16 1,012.96

6.2 Development of playgrounds1. Hindi School field (10000sqm) 105.00 40.52 42.54 44.67 127.732. Pragati School field (10000sqm) 105.00 40.52 42.54 44.67 127.733. A.D Nagar School field (10000sqm) 105.00 40.52 42.54 44.67 127.734. Ramthakur College field(10000sqm) 105.00 38.59 40.52 42.54 121.655. Jute Mill field (10000sqm) 105.00 38.59 40.52 42.54 121.656. Bhagat Sing Colony field (10000sqm) 105.00 38.59 40.52 42.54 121.657. Sadhu tilla School (10000sqm) 105.00 36.75 38.59 40.52 115.858. Indranagar High School field (10000sqm) 105.00 36.75 38.59 40.52 115.85

6.2.1 Land Cost (20000sqm) 71.50 25.03 26.28 27.59 78.89Sub Total 911.50 0.00 98.53 219.21 351.73 255.26 134.01 1,058.73

6.3 Construction of Indoor Stadium 1. Umananto School mini stadium (8000sqm+1500sqm gallery) 201.00 55.40 58.17 61.08 64.13 238.782. New indoor stadium at central zone 7000 capacity (6700sqm) 3465.00 727.65 764.03 802.23 842.35 884.46 4020.73

6.3.1 Land Cost (20000 sqm) 100.00 33.33 35.00 36.75 105.08Sub Total 3,766.00 33.33 762.65 856.18 860.40 903.43 948.60 4,364.59

6.4 Construction of Stadium 1. Improvement of Dasharath Deb Stadium ( increased capacity 30,000) 2541.00 667.01 700.36 735.38 772.15 2874.912. Lichubagan (8000sqm+3500sqm gallery) 431.00 118.79 124.73 130.97 137.52 512.023. Memorial Club (79 tilla) (8000sqm+3500sqm gallery) 431.00 118.79 124.73 130.97 137.52 512.024. Nazrul Bidya Bhawan field (8000sqm+3500sqm gallery) 431.00 113.14 118.79 124.73 130.97 487.645. Aralia School field (8000sqm+3500sqm gallery) 431.00 113.14 118.79 124.73 130.97 487.64

6.4.1 Land Cost (15000 sqm) 75.00 25.00 26.25 27.56 78.81Sub Total 4,340.00 25.00 919.54 1,203.10 1,234.32 1,296.03 275.04 4,953.03

7 Preservation of Water Bodies1. Preservation of existing water bodies (20 locations) 700.00 147 154.35 162.07 170.17 178.68 812.27

Sub Total 700.00 0.00 147.00 154.35 162.07 170.17 178.68 812.278 Other Enabling Development Projects 0.00 14.70 15.44 16.21 17.02 17.87

8.1 Development of Markets1. Aralia (600 sqm building) 48.00 12.00 12.60 13.23 13.89 51.722. Vidyasagar (600 sqm building) 48.00 12.00 12.60 13.23 13.89 51.723. Kashipur (600 sqm building) 48.00 12.00 12.60 13.23 13.89 51.724. Barjala (600 sqm building) 48.00 12.60 13.23 13.89 14.59 54.315. Golchakkar (600 sqm building) 48.00 12.60 13.23 13.89 14.59 54.316. Siddhi Asram(600 sqm building) 48.00 13.23 13.89 14.59 15.32 57.027. MB Tilla Market (900 sqm building+Land of 1000sqm) 72.00 19.85 20.84 21.88 22.97 85.538. Pratapgarh Market (700 sqm building ) 56.00 15.44 16.21 17.02 17.87 66.53

8.1.1 Land Cost (10000sqm+1000sqm) 55.00 18.33 19.25 20.21 57.80Sub Total 471.00 54.33 82.25 134.87 120.39 82.65 56.16 530.66

8.2Growth Center with Shopping Mall / Multiplex etc. to attract investment, Bothjung Nagar, Dukli, Other Places Provision for PPP1. Land Costs (for 100 acres @ Rs. 50 Lakhs/acre) 5,000.00 1750.00 1837.50 1929.38 5,516.882. Infrastructure Cost (15% of the total land + devlopment cost Costs) 1,500.00 393.75 413.44 434.11 455.81 1,697.11

Sub Total 6,500.00 1,750.00 1,837.50 2,323.13 413.44 434.11 455.81 7,213.99

8.3 IT Park with call centers in or around Tripura University, ITI Complex or other suitable places1. Land Costs (for 50 acres @ Rs. 50 Lakhs/acre) 2,500.00 875.00 918.75 964.69 2,758.442. Infrastructure Cost (15% of the total land + devlopment cost Costs) Development Costs (25 Acres / 101170 Sq m Builtup Space- @ Rs.15000/sqm) 2,650.00 695.63 730.41 766.93 805.27 2,998.23

Sub Total 5,150.00 875.00 918.75 1,660.31 730.41 766.93 805.27 5,756.67

8.4New Township between Pandit Nehru Complex and New Capital Complex or other places (10000 houses)1. Land Costs (for 250 acres @ Rs. 40 Lakhs/acre) 10,000.00 3500.00 3675.00 3858.75 11,033.75

4

Appendix 15.1


2. Infrastructure Cost (15% of the total land + devlopment cost Costs) Development Costs (10000 Houses @ 1000 sq.ft/unit, 929030 sq.m Built-up space , @ Rs. 10000/sq.m) 1,544.00 405.30 425.57 446.84 469.19 1,746.89

Sub Total 11,544.00 3,500.00 3,675.00 4,264.05 425.57 446.84 469.19 12,780.64

8.5 Develop / Relocate Milkmen of Gorkhabasti Area1. Relocation and Construction of houses (2000 families @Rs.1 Lakh/unit) 2,000.00 700.00 735.00 771.75 2,206.75

Sub Total 2,000.00 700.00 735.00 771.75 2,206.75

8.6 Area Development for Pratapgarh, Aralia and Jogendranagar1. Costs for Roads, Drainage & Street Lighting (25 km @ Rs. 400 lakhs/km) 10,000.00 3500.00 3,675.00 3,858.75 11,033.75

Sub Total 10,000.00 3,500.00 3,675.00 3,858.75 11,033.75

8.7 Eco Park in area between Music College and Shishu Bihar 1. Development Costs (for 3 ha @ Rs. 1000/sq.m) 300.00 105.00 110.25 115.76 331.01

Sub Total 300.00 105.00 110.25 115.76 331.018.8 War Memorial 500.00 175.00 183.75 192.94 551.69

Sub Total 500.00 175.00 183.75 192.94 0.00 551.698.9 Other Projects

1. Construction of Ceremonial Hall (3 Nos) 146.25 40.31 42.33 44.44 46.66 173.742. Town Hall (3 Nos) 3024.00 833.49 875.16 918.92 964.87 3592.453. Old - Age Home (2 Nos) 100 capacity each 527.00 193.67 203.36 213.52 610.554. Working Girls Hostel (2 Nos) 100 capacity each 459.00 120.49 126.51 132.84 139.48 519.32

8.2.1 Land Cost (13000 sqm) 65.00 32.50 34.125 66.63Sub Total 4,221.25 32.50 154.61 1,193.98 1,253.68 1,316.37 1,011.53 4,962.68

9 Heritage ConservationUrban Improvement and heritage conservation of Ujjayanta Palace complex 1136.96 227.39 238.76 250.70 263.23 276.40 1256.48

Sub Total 1,136.96 227.39 238.76 250.70 263.23 276.40 0.00 1,256.4810 Urban Governance & Capacity Building

1. Capacity building of the AMC towards implementation of the urban governance reforms suggested3000.00 500.00 525.00 551.25 578.813 607.753 638.141 3400.96

Sub Total 3,000.00 500.00 525.00 551.25 578.81 607.75 638.14 3,400.96

B SUB MISSION 2: BASIC SERVICES FOR URBAN POOR1 Slum area Improvements (42 nos slums)

1. Infrastructure components Toilet,Roads,Drains,Street Light and Drinking water 4200.00 840.00 882.00 926.10 972.41 1021.03 4641.531.1 2. Land Cost (4.2 hect) 150.15 75.08 78.82875 153.90

Sub Total 4,350.15 915.08 960.83 926.10 972.41 1,021.03 0.00 4,795.432 Slum Housing

1. Costruction of 2000 housing unit including other allied facilities 1772.60 372.246 390.86 410.40 430.92 452.47 2056.892. Road 537.50 197.53 207.41 217.78 622.723.Street Light 34.13 13.17 13.83 14.52 41.51

2.1 4. Land Cost (30hect.) 1072.50 536.25 563.0625 1099.31Sub total 3,416.73 536.25 935.31 588.39 630.98 662.53 466.99 3,820.44

Total Capital Investment Need for Agartala City 159,603.83 13,726.93 32,616.45 44,470.43 38,772.07 37,986.47 12,664.37 180,236.71

5

Appendix 15.2

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012

A SUB MISSSION 1: URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE & GOVERNANCE1 Solid Waste Management

1. Bio-gas cum compost plant from solid waste (10 MT capacity) 2 units 83.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.26 33.87 35.57 101.702.Improvement of primary collection systems, including provision of litter bins, household bins, wheel barrows etc 115.00 0.00 0.00 31.70 33.28 34.95 36.69 136.623. Secondary collection and transportation 95.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.66 38.49 40.42 115.564. Awareness and IEC 50.00 0.00 0.00 13.78 14.47 15.19 15.95 59.40

1.1 Land Cost 35.75 0.00 0.00 19.71 20.69 0.00 0.00 40.40Sub Total 379.35 0.00 0.00 65.19 137.36 122.50 128.63 453.68

2 City Beautification & Environmental improvement2.1 Parks

1. Improvement of existing parks (2 nos) ,5000 sqm 60.00 0.00 0.00 16.54 17.36 18.23 19.14 71.282. Development of new parks (5 nos) ,3000sqm each 135.00 0.00 0.00 37.21 39.07 41.02 43.07 160.383. Development of one Science parks / Garden (20000sqm,building) 560.00 0.00 117.60 123.48 129.65 136.14 142.94 649.81

2.1.1 Land Cost (35000 sqm) 125.13 41.71 43.79 45.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 131.49Sub Total 880.13 41.71 161.39 223.21 186.09 195.39 205.16 1,012.96

2.2 Development of playgrounds1. Hindi School field (10000sqm) 105.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.52 42.54 44.67 127.732. Pragati School field(10000sqm) 105.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.52 42.54 44.67 127.733. A.D Nagar School field (10000sqm) 105.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.52 42.54 44.67 127.734. Ramthakur College field(10000sqm) 105.00 0.00 0.00 38.59 40.52 42.54 0.00 121.655. Jute Mill field (10000sqm) 105.00 0.00 0.00 38.59 40.52 42.54 0.00 121.656. Bhagat Sing Colony field (10000sqm) 105.00 0.00 0.00 38.59 40.52 42.54 0.00 121.657. Sadhu tilla School (10000sqm) 105.00 0.00 36.75 38.59 40.52 0.00 0.00 115.858. Indranagar High School field (10000sqm) 105.00 0.00 36.75 38.59 40.52 0.00 0.00 115.85

2.2.1 Land Cost (20000sqm) 71.50 0.00 25.03 26.28 27.59 0.00 0.00 78.89Sub Total 911.50 0.00 98.53 219.21 351.73 255.26 134.01 1,058.73

2.3 Construction of Indoor Stadium 1. Umananto School mini stadium (8000sqm+1500sqm gallery) 201.00 0.00 0.00 55.40 58.17 61.08 64.13 238.782. New indoor stadium at central zone 7000 capacity (6700sqm) 3465.00 0.00 727.65 764.03 802.23 842.35 884.46 4020.73

2.3.1 Land Cost (20000 sqm) 100.00 33.33 35.00 36.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 105.08Sub Total 3,766.00 33.33 762.65 856.18 860.40 903.43 948.60 4,364.59

2.4 Construction of Stadium 1. Improvement of Dasharath Deb Stadium ( increased capacity 30,000) 2541.00 0.00 667.01 700.36 735.38 772.15 0.00 2874.912. Lichubagan (8000sqm+3500sqm gallery) 431.00 0.00 0.00 118.79 124.73 130.97 137.52 512.023. Memorial Club (79 tilla) (8000sqm+3500sqm gallery) 431.00 0.00 0.00 118.79 124.73 130.97 137.52 512.024. Nazrul Bidya Bhawan field (8000sqm+3500sqm gallery) 431.00 0.00 113.14 118.79 124.73 130.97 0.00 487.645. Aralia School field (8000sqm+3500sqm gallery) 431.00 0.00 113.14 118.79 124.73 130.97 0.00 487.64


ESTIMATED INVESTMENT NEEDS AMC - 2011(To be funded under JNNURM)



1

Appendix 15.2


2.4.1 Land Cost (15000 sqm) 75.00 25.00 26.25 27.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 78.81Sub Total 4,340.00 25.00 919.54 1,203.10 1,234.32 1,296.03 275.04 4,953.03

3 Preservation of Water Bodies1. Preservation of existing water bodies (20 locations) 700.00 0.00 147.00 154.35 162.07 170.17 178.68 812.27

Sub Total 700.00 0.00 147.00 154.35 162.07 170.17 178.68 812.274 Other Enabling Development Projects

4.1 Development of Markets1. Aralia (600 sqm building) 48.00 12.00 12.60 13.23 13.89 0.00 0.00 51.722. Vidyasagar (600 sqm building) 48.00 12.00 12.60 13.23 13.89 0.00 0.00 51.723. Kashipur (600 sqm building) 48.00 12.00 12.60 13.23 13.89 0.00 0.00 51.724. Barjala (600 sqm building) 48.00 0.00 12.60 13.23 13.89 14.59 0.00 54.315. Golchakkar (600 sqm building) 48.00 0.00 12.60 13.23 13.89 14.59 0.00 54.316. Siddhi Asram(600 sqm building) 48.00 0.00 0.00 13.23 13.89 14.59 15.32 57.027. MB Tilla Market (900 sqm building+Land of 1000sqm) 72.00 0.00 0.00 19.85 20.84 21.88 22.97 85.538. Pratapgarh Market (700 sqm building ) 56.00 0.00 0.00 15.44 16.21 17.02 17.87 66.53

4.1.1 Land Cost (10000sqm+1000sqm) 55.00 18.33 19.25 20.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 57.80Sub Total 471.00 54.33 82.25 134.87 120.39 82.65 56.16 530.66

4.2Growth Center with Shopping Mall / Multiplex etc. to attract investment, Bothjung Nagar, Dukli, Other Places Provision for PPP1. Land Costs (for 100 acres @ Rs. 50 Lakhs/acre) 5000.00 1750.00 1837.50 1929.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 5516.882. Infrastructure Cost (15% of the total land + devlopment cost Costs) 1500.00 0.00 0.00 393.75 413.44 434.11 455.81 1697.11

Sub Total 6500.00 1750.00 1837.50 2323.13 413.44 434.11 455.81 7213.99

4.3IT Park with call centers in or around Tripura University, ITI Complex or other suitable placesLand Costs (for 50 acres @ Rs. 50 Lakhs/acre) 2500.00 875.00 918.75 964.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 2758.442. Infrastructure Cost (15% of the total land + devlopment cost Costs) Development Costs (25 Acres / 101170 Sq m Builtup Space- @ Rs.15000/sqm) 2650.00 0.00 0.00 695.63 730.41 766.93 805.27 2998.23

Sub Total 5150.00 875.00 918.75 1660.31 730.41 766.93 805.27 5756.67

4.4New Township between Pandit Nehru Complex and New Capital Complex or other places (10000 houses)1. Land Costs (for 250 acres @ Rs. 40 Lakhs/acre) 10000.00 3500.00 3675.00 3858.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 11033.752. Infrastructure Cost (15% of the total land + devlopment cost Costs) Development Costs (10000 Houses @ 1000 sq.ft/unit, 929030 sq.m Built-up space , @ Rs. 10000/sq.m) 1544.00 0.00 0.00 405.30 425.57 446.84 469.19 1746.89

Sub Total 11544.00 3500.00 3675.00 4264.05 425.57 446.84 469.19 12780.64

4.5 Develop / Relocate Milkmen of Gorkhabasti Area1. Relocation and Construction of houses (2000 families @Rs.1 Lakh/unit) 2000.00 700.00 735.00 771.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 2206.75

Sub Total 2000.00 700.00 735.00 771.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 2206.75

4.6 Area Development for Pratapgarh, Aralia and Jogendranagar1. Costs for Roads, Drainage & Street Lighting (25 km @ Rs. 400 lakhs/km) 10000.00 0.00 0.00 3500.00 3675.00 3858.75 0.00 11033.75

Sub Total 10000.00 0.00 0.00 3500.00 3675.00 3858.75 0.00 11033.75

4.7 Eco Park in area between Music College and Shishu Bihar 1. Development Costs (for 3 ha @ Rs. 1000/sq.m) 300.00 0.00 0.00 105.00 110.25 115.76 0.00 331.01

Sub Total 300.00 0.00 0.00 105.00 110.25 115.76 0.00 331.014.8 War Memorial 500.00 0.00 0.00 175.00 183.75 192.94 0.00 551.69

Sub Total 500.00 0.00 0.00 175.00 183.75 192.94 0.00 551.694.9 Other Projects

2

Appendix 15.2


1. Construction of Ceremonial Hall (3 Nos) 146.25 0.00 0.00 40.31 42.33 44.44 46.66 173.742. Town Hall (3 Nos) 3024.00 0.00 0.00 833.49 875.16 918.92 964.87 3592.453. Old - Age Home (2 Nos) 100 capacity each 527.00 0.00 0.00 193.67 203.36 213.52 0.00 610.554. Working Girls Hostel (2 Nos) 100 capacity each 459.00 0.00 120.49 126.51 132.84 139.48 0.00 519.32

4.9.1 Land Cost (13000 sqm) 65.00 32.50 34.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.63Sub Total 4221.25 32.50 154.61 1193.98 1253.68 1316.37 1011.53 4962.68

5 Heritage ConservationUrban Improvement and heritage conservation of Ujjayanta Palace complex 1136.96 227.39 238.76 250.70 263.23 276.40 0.00 1256.48

Sub Total 1136.96 227.39 238.76 250.70 263.23 276.40 0.00 1256.48

6 Urban Governance & Capacity Building1. Capacity building of the AMC towards implementation of the urban governance reforms suggested 3000.00 500.00 525.00 551.25 578.81 607.75 638.14 3400.96

Sub Total 3000.00 500.00 525.00 551.25 578.81 607.75 638.14 3400.96

B SUB MISSION 2: BASIC SERVICES FOR URBAN POOR1 Slum area Improvements (42 nos slums)

( Infrastructure components Toilet,Roads,Drains,Street Light and Drinking water ) 4200.00 840.00 882.00 926.10 972.41 1021.03 0.00 4641.531.1 Land Cost (4.2 hect) 150.15 75.08 78.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 153.90

Sub Total 4350.15 915.08 960.83 926.10 972.41 1021.03 0.00 4795.432 Slum Housing

1. Costruction of 2000 housing unit including other allied facilities 1772.60 0.00 372.25 390.86 410.40 430.92 452.47 2056.892. Road 537.50 0.00 0.00 197.53 207.41 217.78 0.00 622.723.Street Light 34.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.17 13.83 14.52 41.51

2.1 Land Cost (30hect.) 1072.50 536.25 563.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1099.31Sub total 3416.73 536.25 935.31 588.39 630.98 662.53 466.99 3820.44

Total Capital Investment Need for AMC 63,567.06 9,190.59 12,152.12 19,165.78 12,289.88 12,724.83 5,773.20 71,296.40

3

Appendix 15.3

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012

A SUB MISSSION 1: URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE & GOVERNANCE1 Urban Transportation

1.1 Road Improvement1. Approach Road of Jagatpur - Dhaleswar RCC bridge 42.32 0.00 11.11 11.66 12.25 12.86 0.00 47.882. Rajnagar bridge link road 194.31 0.00 51.01 53.56 56.24 59.05 0.00 219.853. Central road to up to bypass 946.95 0.00 248.57 261.00 274.05 287.76 0.00 1071.394. Pratapgarh bridge link road upto Sadhu tilla 181.36 0.00 47.61 49.99 52.49 55.11 0.00 205.195. Baldakhal road 302.27 0.00 79.34 83.31 87.48 91.85 0.00 341.996. Nagichara road (towards Dumping ground ) 302.27 0.00 79.34 83.31 87.48 91.85 0.00 341.997. Dhaleswar road-3,4,6,7,8,9,10&12-15,17 560.38 0.00 147.10 154.45 162.18 170.28 0.00 634.018. Ramnagar road -7-10& Ranjitngar road 229.90 0.00 0.00 63.37 66.53 69.86 73.35 273.119. Joynagar middle road lane 1-6 86.21 0.00 0.00 23.76 24.95 26.20 27.51 102.42

10. Kadamtala -Advisor Chowmuhani to Colonel Chowmuhani via Weight & Measurement Office 48.28 0.00 0.00 13.31 13.97 14.67 15.40 57.3511. Shylark-Bidurkarta via Old Kalibari & Banerjee para 107.76 0.00 0.00 29.70 31.19 32.75 34.38 128.0212. Jahar bridge to Ramthakur school via Gandhighat & link road (bottom of embankment) 241.39 0.00 0.00 66.53 69.86 73.35 77.02 286.7713. Howrah Embankment road from Aralia to Chandrapur 98.03 0.00 0.00 27.02 28.37 29.79 31.28 116.4614. Battala to Jaipur embankment road 392.12 0.00 102.93 108.08 113.48 119.16 0.00 443.6515. Ranjitnagar to Chandrapur (Katakhal embankment road ) 735.23 0.00 193.00 202.65 212.78 223.42 0.00 831.8416. Barjala-Ushabazar via Chandinamura 241.81 0.00 63.48 66.65 69.98 73.48 0.00 273.5917. Camper Bazar to Battala via Dinadayal Asram Kali tilla& Bapuji School 302.27 0.00 79.34 83.31 87.48 91.85 0.00 341.9918. AD Nagar Drop Gate to Dukli Block Chowmuhani via SIPARD,Beltali and Panchamukh 81.87 0.00 21.49 22.56 23.69 24.88 0.00 92.6219. Netaji Statue on Central Road Extention to Stadium to Subhash Nagar 362.11 0.00 95.05 99.81 104.80 110.04 0.00 409.6920. Kashipur on NH-44 to Moriyamnagar to Lalmatia to GB Road 96.89 0.00 0.00 26.71 28.04 29.44 30.92 115.1021. MB Tilla to Rajnagar to Golchakkar to Ranjitnagar to Lankamura to Airport Road 40.67 0.00 0.00 11.21 11.77 12.36 12.98 48.3222. Opposite Cancer Hospital to Buddha Mandir via Jagatpur and Harijan Colony 163.75 0.00 42.98 45.13 47.39 49.76 0.00 185.27

23. Bardowali School on NH-44to Siddhi Ashram via Pally Unnayan Sangha,Stadium and (proposed) Railway Station 670.26 0.00 175.94 184.74 193.98 203.68 0.00 758.3324. Bhatta Pukur Bus Stop on NH-44 to Bapuji School to AD Nagar School 242.26 0.00 63.59 66.77 70.11 73.62 0.00 274.1025. Tehsil office (East PS)to behind Tulasibari School to LN Bari to Town Hall to North Gate 132.64 0.00 0.00 36.56 38.39 40.31 42.32 157.5726. Netaji Chowmuhani to Gandhi School in Old Gangali 148.93 0.00 0.00 41.05 43.10 45.25 47.52 176.92

27. Harish Thakur Road near Sat Sangha to Buddha Mandir via Bijoy Kumar Chowmuhani and Parijat Bridge 242.00 0.00 0.00 66.70 70.04 73.54 77.22 287.5028. Roads in Ramnagar (Road No 1,2,3,4,5,6and back Lane) 231.41 0.00 60.75 63.78 66.97 70.32 0.00 261.8229. Roads in Dhaleswar (Road No 2,5,11and 16) 100.34 0.00 26.34 27.66 29.04 30.49 0.00 113.5230. A.D. Nagar Road No.1 to 24. (8 KM) 518.17 0.00 136.02 142.82 149.96 157.46 0.00 586.26

31. Dropgate to SIPARD. (1.5 KM) 64.66 0.00 16.97 17.82 18.71 19.65 0.00 73.16

32. Siddhi Ashram to By-Pass/Rly. Station via Durga bari, Roy colony & R.K. Mission. (3 KM) 194.31 0.00 0.00 53.56 56.24 59.05 62.00 230.8433. Block Chowmohani to Amtali P.S. via Baishnab - Tilla. (1.5 KM) 24.90 0.00 0.00 6.86 7.21 7.57 7.94 29.5834. Badharghat to Beltali Via Chowrangi. (1 KM) 43.11 0.00 0.00 11.88 12.48 13.10 13.75 51.21

35. MB Tilla to Matripalli via Central godown. (500 Mtr.) 21.55 0.00 0.00 5.94 6.24 6.55 6.88 25.6036. Camperbazar to Chowrangi via Hospital & Loknath. (1.3 KM) 56.04 0.00 14.71 15.45 16.22 17.03 0.00 63.4037. Chowrangi to Lalbazar via Navadiganta to ONGC 1st gate. (1.5 KM) 24.90 0.00 6.54 6.86 7.21 7.57 0.00 28.1738. Jorapukur to Balurchar (upto South Joynagar bridge) 43.11 0.00 11.32 11.88 12.48 13.10 0.00 48.7739. Kalikapur Golchakkar to Rampur Sluice gate. (1 KM) 43.11 0.00 11.32 11.88 12.48 13.10 0.00 48.7740. TV Tower to Kathaltali via Ichabazar/Stadium. (3.0 KM) 194.31 0.00 0.00 53.56 56.24 59.05 62.00 230.8441. Badharghat Chowmohani to By-pass via Kabiraj tilla, Nabinpalli, Subhash nagar, Maloy nagar, Netaji Colony, Aralia. (10 KM) 647.71 0.00 0.00 178.53 187.45 196.82 206.67 769.47

42. Milan Chakra to Stadium (500 mtr.) 21.55 0.00 0.00 5.94 6.24 6.55 6.88 25.6043. Bidyasagar Chowmohani to Sukanta Colony via Banik Para (2.5 KM) 107.76 0.00 0.00 29.70 31.19 32.75 34.38 128.02

44. Jahar bridge to Stadium via Janakalyan, Pratapgarh & BBC Club (1.5 KM) 24.90 0.00 6.54 6.86 7.21 7.57 0.00 28.1745. Bardowali School to Kabiraj tilla (2 KM) 86.21 0.00 22.63 23.76 24.95 26.20 0.00 97.5446. Navadiganta to Ishan Ch. Nagar via Karaimura (1.5 KM) 24.90 0.00 6.54 6.86 7.21 7.57 0.00 28.1747. Siddhi Asram to Pancha Mukh (1 KM) 16.60 0.00 4.36 4.57 4.80 5.04 0.00 18.7848. Siddhi Asram to Khudiram Colony via Baishnab Tilla & Roy Colony. (1.5 KM) 24.90 0.00 0.00 6.86 7.21 7.57 7.94 29.58

49. Milan Sangha to Arabinda Sangha (700 mtr.) 30.17 0.00 0.00 8.32 8.73 9.17 9.63 35.85


ESTIMATED INVESTMENT NEEDS FOR PWD - 2011(To be funded under JNNURM)



1

Appendix 15.3


50. East Chandinamura to Nutannagar Market via Madhya Bhuban ban High School. (5 KM) 323.86 0.00 0.00 89.26 93.73 98.41 103.33 384.7351. Gurkhabasti to A R ground via Nutan basti. (2 KM) 129.54 0.00 34.00 35.71 37.49 39.36 0.00 146.5752. West Bhubanban main road to Bin para via Roy para. (1.8 KM) 77.59 0.00 20.37 21.39 22.46 23.58 0.00 87.7953. Gandhi Road to West Chandinamura via Mathbari / ICDS Centre. (2.5 KM) 107.76 0.00 28.29 29.70 31.19 32.75 0.00 121.9354. West Bhubanban S.B. School to Paul para via Lankamura Bridge. (2.0 KM) 86.21 0.00 0.00 23.76 24.95 26.20 27.51 102.4255. 79 Tilla to Chandmari A.H. dispensary. (1.5 KM) 64.66 0.00 0.00 17.82 18.71 19.65 20.63 76.8156. SDO Chowmohani to Rubber Board road via A.H. Dispensary. (1.5 KM) 64.66 0.00 0.00 17.82 18.71 19.65 20.63 76.8157. FCI godown to Amtali via Sukanta Colony & Marak para. (2.0 KM) 86.21 0.00 22.63 23.76 24.95 26.20 0.00 97.54

58. Chandrapur (NH-44) to GB road via Laddu Chowmohani (3 KM) 194.31 0.00 51.01 53.56 56.24 59.05 0.00 219.851.1.1 Land Cost (4.46+2.37+2.71) hect 477.00 238.50 250.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 488.93

Sub Total 11350.64 238.50 2232.63 2997.05 3146.90 3304.24 1060.07 12979.391.2 Construction of RCC bridges

1.2.1 Construction of RCC bridges over Katakhal1. At Abhoynagar (Near Pragati School ) Over Katakhal River ,100m Length 350.00 0.00 0.00 96.47 101.29 106.36 111.67 415.79

Sub Total 350.00 0.00 0.00 96.47 101.29 106.36 111.67 415.791.2.2 Construction of RCC bridges over Howrah

1. Central Road Extension Over Howrah River ,120m Length 450.00 0.00 118.13 124.03 130.23 136.74 0.00 509.132. At Pratapgarh (Near Ramthakur School ) Over Howrah River ,120m Length 450.00 0.00 118.13 124.03 130.23 136.74 0.00 509.133. At Baldakhal Over Howrah River ,110m Length 412.50 0.00 108.28 113.70 119.38 125.35 0.00 466.71

Sub Total 1312.50 0.00 344.53 361.76 379.85 398.84 0.00 1484.971.2.3 Other Bridges

1. At Nagicherra ( 2 bridges) ,30m Length each 195.00 0.00 0.00 53.75 56.43 59.26 62.22 231.662. Barjala - Nutannagar , 20m Length 65.00 0.00 0.00 17.92 18.81 19.75 20.74 77.223.RCC Bridges /Culverts (19 Nos) 25 m each in length 1543.75 0.00 0.00 425.50 446.77 469.11 492.56 1833.94

Sub Total 1803.75 0.00 0.00 497.16 522.02 548.12 575.52 2142.821.3 Fly Overs

1. At Battala Zone (1.7 km) 5950.00 0.00 1561.88 1639.97 1721.97 1808.07 0.00 6731.882. Central Area (1.5km) 5250.00 0.00 1378.13 1447.03 1519.38 1595.35 0.00 5939.893. G.B.Medical area (1.2 km) 4200.00 0.00 1102.50 1157.63 1215.51 1276.28 0.00 4751.914. Motor stand to Chandrapur (1.1 km) 3850.00 0.00 1010.63 1061.16 1114.21 1169.92 0.00 4355.925. North Gate to Colonel Chowmani (1.3 km) 4550.00 0.00 1194.38 1254.09 1316.80 1382.64 0.00 5147.91

Sub Total 23800.00 0.00 6247.50 6559.88 6887.87 7232.26 0.00 26927.511.4 Intersection Improvement

1. Shankar 4-arm Junction (3000 sqm) 75.00 0.00 26.25 27.56 28.94 0.00 0.00 82.752. Paradise 4-arm Junction(3000 sqm) 75.00 0.00 26.25 27.56 28.94 0.00 0.00 82.753. Math 4-arm Junction(3000 sqm) 75.00 0.00 26.25 27.56 28.94 0.00 0.00 82.754. TRIC 3-arm Junction(2250 sqm) 56.25 0.00 0.00 20.67 21.71 22.79 0.00 65.175. Bidurkarta 4-arm Junction(3000 sqm) 75.00 0.00 0.00 27.56 28.94 30.39 0.00 86.896. Ganaraj 4-arm Junction(3000 sqm) 75.00 0.00 0.00 27.56 28.94 30.39 0.00 86.897. Jackson Gate Junction(2000 sqm) 50.00 0.00 0.00 18.38 19.29 20.26 0.00 57.938. Battala 3-arm Junction(3000 sqm) 75.00 0.00 0.00 27.56 28.94 30.39 0.00 86.89

1.4.1 Land Cost(3000sqm+3000 sqm) 30.00 15.00 15.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.75Sub Total 586.25 15.00 94.50 204.42 214.64 134.21 0.00 662.78

1.5 Bus Terminals1. New construction of Motor- Stand at Agartala Railway Station (4000 sqm) 94.70 0.00 24.86 26.10 27.41 28.78 0.00 107.142. New construction of Motor- Stand at Capital Complex(3800 sqm) 89.97 0.00 23.62 24.80 26.04 27.34 0.00 101.793. Improvement of Nagerjala-Battala Motor stand(25000 sqm) 910.66 0.00 239.05 251.00 263.55 276.73 0.00 1030.32

1.5.1 Land Cost (10000sqm) 50.00 0.00 52.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 52.50Sub Total 1145.32 0.00 340.02 301.90 316.99 332.84 0.00 1291.76

1.6 Truck Terminal1. New construction of Truck Terminal (10000 sqm) 374.25 0.00 0.00 103.15 108.31 113.73 119.41 444.60

1.6.1 Land Cost (10000sqm) 35.75 0.00 0.00 39.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 39.41Sub Total 410.00 0.00 0.00 142.57 108.31 113.73 119.41 484.02

Total Capital Investment Need for PWD 40,758.46 253.50 9,259.19 11,161.19 11,677.87 12,170.60 1,866.68 46,389.03

2

Appendix 15.4

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012

A SUB MISSSION 1: URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE & GOVERNANCE1 Water Supply

1. Augmentation of surface water drawing from river Gumti at Mohanbhog appx. 45 km from Agartala including intermediate pumping statoins. 4859.25 0.00 1020.44 1071.46 1125.04 1181.29 1240.35 5638.592. Construction of New Deep Tube Well as 30 % standby , ( 15 nos) 105.00 0.00 36.75 38.59 40.52 0.00 0.00 115.853. Construction of Iron Removal plant(IRP) (i) 8.63 MLD capacity near Kunjaban(ii) 6.99 MLD capacity near Jogendranagar(iii) 4.13 MLD capacity near P & T Quarters (20 MLD) 316.00 0.00 82.95 87.10 91.45 96.02 0.00 357.524. Construction of Zonal Service Reservoirs in ML(I) Zone-1--------------------------->1.91ML(ii) Zone-10-------------------------->1.79ML(iii) Zone-15-------------------------->0.59ML(iv) Zone-16-------------------------->1.77ML(v) Zone-17- 877.80 0.00 230.42 241.94 254.04 266.74 0.00 993.155. Construction of Primary Network in distribution system (12.52 Kms) 455.20 0.00 119.49 125.46 131.74 138.32 0.00 515.026. Construction of Secondary and Tertiary Network in distribution system (195 Kms) 1214.50 0.00 0.00 334.75 351.48 369.06 387.51 1442.807. Provision for Consumer meters ( 16000 nos) 1983.73 0.00 0.00 546.77 574.10 602.81 632.95 2356.638. Provision for House service connections (16000 nos) 1623.63 0.00 0.00 447.51 469.89 493.38 518.05 1928.839. Provision for Advanced Leak Detection Instrument (1 no) 7.00 0.00 7.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.3510. Construction of treatment plant 40 MLD capacity 1567.50 0.00 411.47 432.04 453.64 476.33 0.00 1773.4811. Construction O H Reservoir (1 Nos) 2.5ML 275.00 0.00 72.19 75.80 79.59 83.57 0.00 311.14

1.1 Land Cost 53.63 0.00 56.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 56.31Sub Total 13338.24 0.00 2037.37 3401.42 3571.49 3707.53 2778.87 15496.67

2 Sewerage & Sanitation 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.002.1 Central Zone 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1. Construction of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), 15 MLD 727.50 181.88 190.97 200.52 210.54 0.00 0.00 783.902. Construction of Sewage Pumping Stations in 5 places , 5 Nos 534.00 133.50 140.18 147.18 154.54 0.00 0.00 575.40

3. Rising main from each of Sewage Pumping Station to nearest Gravity sewer (150 mm to 600 mm Dia), 2.00 Kms 172.00 43.00 45.15 47.41 49.78 0.00 0.00 185.344. Construction of Primary Network System , 25.00 Kms 1122.50 280.63 294.66 309.39 324.86 0.00 0.00 1209.535. Construction of Secondary and Tertiary Network ,49.00 Kms 2200.30 440.06 462.06 485.17 509.42 534.90 0.00 2431.616. Provision for Household Connections , 41116 nos 5287.50 1057.50 1110.38 1165.89 1224.19 1285.40 0.00 5843.367. Provision for Sewer Cleaning Machines, 1 no 40.00 0.00 0.00 44.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 44.108. Construction of community toilet block with 6 WC , 6 nos 52.20 0.00 13.70 14.39 15.11 15.86 0.00 59.06

9. Assistance to Households having existing latrine but disposal is being done into a pit / natural drain , 2000 nos 292.20 0.00 76.70 80.54 84.56 88.79 0.00 330.602.2 Northern Zone 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1. Construction of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) , 34 MLD 1649.00 412.25 432.86 454.51 477.23 0.00 0.00 1776.852. Construction of Primary Network System , 28.00 kms 1260.00 315.00 330.75 347.29 364.65 0.00 0.00 1357.693. Construction of Secondary and Tertiary Network , 55.00 kms 2469.00 617.25 648.11 680.52 714.54 0.00 0.00 2660.424. Provision for Household Connections , 22059 nos 2837.00 567.40 595.77 625.56 656.84 689.68 0.00 3135.245. Community toilet block with 6 WC , 6 nos 52.00 0.00 13.65 14.33 15.05 15.80 0.00 58.83

6. Assistance of households having existing latrine but disposal is being done into a pit/natural drains , 1000 nos 146.00 0.00 38.33 40.24 42.25 44.37 0.00 165.192.3 Southern Zone 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1. Construction of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) , 41 MLD 1989.00 0.00 522.11 548.22 575.63 604.41 0.00 2250.372. Construction of Primary Network System , 27.00 kms 1215.00 0.00 318.94 334.88 351.63 369.21 0.00 1374.663. Construction of Secondary and Tertiary Network System , 53.00 kms 2385.00 0.00 626.06 657.37 690.23 724.75 0.00 2698.414. Provision for Household Connections , 21501 nos 2765.00 0.00 580.65 609.68 640.17 672.17 705.78 3208.465. Community toilet block with 6 WC , 6 nos 52.00 0.00 13.65 14.33 15.05 15.80 0.00 58.836. Assistance of households having existing latrine but disposal is being done into a pit/natural drains , 1000 nos

146.00 0.00 0.00 40.24 42.25 44.37 46.58 173.442.4 Land Cost 468.75 234.38 246.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 480.47

Sub Total 27861.95 4282.84 6700.77 6861.75 7158.53 5105.50 752.37 30861.76

Total Capital Investment Need for PHED 41,200.19 4,282.84 8,738.14 10,263.17 10,730.03 8,813.03 3,531.23 46,358.43


ESTIMATED INVESTMENT NEEDS FOR PHED - 2011(To be funded under JNNURM)



1

Appendix 15.5

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012

A SUB MISSSION 1: URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE & GOVERNANCE1 Storm Water Drainage & River Embankment Development

1.1 Storm water Drains1. Improvement of Storm water Drains (50Km) 3425.86 0.00 899.29 944.25 991.47 1041.04 0.00 3876.042. Improvement of Storm water Drains (Covered drain 35Km) 2757.82 0.00 723.93 760.12 798.13 838.04 0.00 3120.22

Sub Total 6183.68 0.00 1623.22 1704.38 1789.59 1879.07 0.00 6996.261.2 River Embankment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1. Howrah Embankment (Protection Works) 1440.24 0.00 378.06 396.97 416.81 437.66 0.00 1629.502. Katakhal Embankment (Protection Works) 1353.80 0.00 355.37 373.14 391.80 411.39 0.00 1531.703. Extension Katakhal Embankment (Protection Works) 420.40 0.00 110.36 115.87 121.67 127.75 0.00 475.65

Sub Total 3214.44 0.00 843.79 885.98 930.28 976.79 0.00 3636.85

Total Capital Investment Need for UDD 9,398.12 0.00 2,467.01 2,590.36 2,719.88 2,855.87 0.00 10,633.11


ESTIMATED INVESTMENT NEEDS FOR UDD - 2011(To be funded under JNNURM)



1

Appendix 15.6

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012

A SUB MISSSION 1: URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE & GOVERNANCE

1 Street lighting (HPSV)1. 100 km @ 30,000 per pole 1020.00 281.14 295.19 309.95 325.45 1211.742. Capacity addition to Agartala grid sub-station(1x30 MVA, 132/33 KV, 5x33 KV bay etc) 600.00 165.38 173.64 182.33 191.44 712.793. UG cabling by 3 core 11 kv line for about 25 km 1000.00 275.63 289.41 303.88 319.07 1187.984. UG cabling by 1 core 33 kv line between 3/4 sub-grids 2060.00 567.79 596.18 625.99 657.29 2447.24

Sub Total 4,680.00 0.00 0.00 1,289.93 1,354.42 1,422.14 1,493.25 5,559.74

Total Capital Investment Need for TSEB 4,680.00 0.00 0.00 1,289.93 1,354.42 1,422.14 1,493.25 5,559.74


ESTIMATED INVESTMENT NEEDS FOR TRIPURA STATE ELECTRICITY BOARD - 2011(To be funded under JNNURM)

Sl.No LIST OF PROJECTS BaseCost (Rs Lakhs)


1

Appendix 16.1

AGARTALA MUNICIPAL COUNCIL Revenue Receipts (Rupees)

S. No. Particular 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 I 1 Property Tax (Including Water Tax) 5653602 5894094 7922923 9058019 9217968 16236093 17761654

2 Touji Collection (Rent from Markets, Stalls, and Land) 3068167 3509890 4644969.5 5019820 2013076 7,164,041 13,359,698

Food license 0 0 0 0 0 81,999 89,648

3 License Fees

a Trade License 485459 609804 557591 600986 606101 821,958 1,373,125

b Bicycle 10814 7100 7642 6680 0 0 0

c Rickshaw 467567 268780 197019 143238 156540 294,114 373,363

d Domestic Dog 0 397 0 0 0

e Vendor License/Hand Cart 57211 0 752,305 1,433,355

4 Birth/Death Registration Fees 35691 51390 49874 207397 194564 217,555 118,024

5 Approval Fees for Building Construction 254590 378835 510050 1429035 1539327 2,942,210 6,035,455

6 Connection Fees for Domestic Water Connection 214025 26905 23015 587341 565161 548,763 633,438

7 Hoarding Charge 91385 112240 105000 107155 73760 59,192 297,465

holding mutation fee 0 928,250

8 Drinking Water Tax * 244625 254750 257026 0 0 0

Total Revenue Income 10525925 11113788 14275109.5 17217279 14366497 29,118,230 42,403,475

II Income From Service Charge (Non-Revenue Income)

1 Supply of Drinking Water by Tanker 0 450394 394950 453,650 404,240

2 Clearance of Septic Tank 22409 33074 83300 58750 89220 170,125 414,974

3 Estimate cost for Domestic Cost for Water Connection

196351 42291 38597 1081961 1123268 1,119,220 1,189,346

4 Interest on Fixed Deposit 3379274 2119520 574337 153523 718930 86,156 122,046

5 Rent for Town Hall 86305 115945 163610 245053 39702 12,200 275,692

6 Collection from sanitary loan 109038 198413 85650 82450 114650 130,950 137,200

7 collection from sulabh pit latrine loan 69693 109500 41215 105173 165818 131,022 90,058

8 Collection From Service Charge From Different Department/ Government/Non-Government Hospital

0 168676 65400 56,400 536,015

9 Recovery from Different Advance from Staffs 997666 1160038 1272122 1237797 918795 1,199,686 1,032,240

10 Collection From Selling of Different Forms 0 90814 90684 124,498 173,092

11 Selling of Manure 0 0 0

1

Appendix 16.1 S. No. Particular 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005

12 Miscellaneous 97181.3 151095 185553 390246 504617 350,133 536,718

13 Bank Subsidy Amount 12000 8000 0 0 6000 22,500 0

14 LCS 61603 4738 0 0 24000 48,250 24,000

15 Receipt From Library 1581 3935

16 Security and Earnest Money** 10265 34407 28358

17 Unspent and Undisbursement*** 154167 37906.6 33117

A.S.S.P 0 206,750

Total Income From Service Charge 5197533 4018863 2505859 4064837 4256034 3,904,790 5,142,371

Grand Total Income 15723458 15132651 16780968 21282116 18622531 33,023,020 47,545,846 15.72 15.13 16.78 21.28 18.62 33.02302 47.545846

Grants (inc CSS) 40.44 46.20 65.49 91.63 69.50 67.8 150.7

Others 0.1190 1.6110 0.0000 1.7240 2.8680

2

Appendix 16.2

AGARTALA MUNICIPAL COUNCIL: EXPENDITURE (RUPEES)

S. No. Particular 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 Plan Expenditure

1 Direction and Administration 6239511 7180271 9154570 1180 2 Social Welfare (Orphanage) 81447 92983 124188 53061 3 Development of Town Hall 95789 0 37000 50200 4 Development of Market 2197124 2757670 183334 523775 5 Construction of Important Roads and Drains 7677405 7793238 1431224 1314368 6 Important Bus stands/passenger sheds 290207 39480 0 45219 7 Beautification of park/island/traffic point 441087 436709 459995 5141 8 Electrification of Roads including consumption

charges 900000 0 0 0

9 Development of Burial and Cremation Ground 156965 55510 0 42578 10 Drinking water facilities in Crisis area 125657 0 0 137809 11 Construction of municipal office building 270850 44668 112985 67523 12 Purchase of Store Material 205618 205160 537210 655904 13 Any other Scheme 1082571 399044 64639 0 14 Art Gallery 0 0 0 0 15 Municipal Guest House 589390 0 0 0 16 SUEP 589390 411000 0 017 Remuneration of Water Areas (A.M.C) 81508 18 Maintenance of Family Registration 86654 19 Land Acquisition 62171120 Miscellaneous 1002068

Total 20943011 19415733 12105145 4688699 9529524 15445081 22480000Slum/EIUS&NSDP

1 Improvement of Roads and Drains 3871517 2316650 3806875 1885917 2 Electrificaiton of Roads including Consumption

Charges 1300000 500000 0 0

3 Community Latrine and Bath 633801 39528 141182 195248 4 Community Centre 0 57118 0 147285 Development of House/Landsites 0 0 0 06 Providing Drinking Water facilities hydrants and

Tube well 466402 727605 74603 10786

7 Other Miscellaneous Works 44400 2192240 72683 57659 Total 6316120 5833141 4095343 2164338 3557194 2593363 2354000

1 Agartala Water Supply 2000000 0 0 0 2 Construction of Feeder Drains 2321924 1941988 364748 276978

1

Appendix 16.2

S. No. Particular 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 3 Conversion of Dry Latrines 0 0 0 0 4 Construction of Dust Bins 0 73191 0 0 5 Silt Clearance 134825 694530 2103491 40671166 Solid Waste Disposal 1728963 2418131 1177116 2440912 7 Improvement of Dumping and Trenching

Ground 69695 32754 0 0

8 Sewerage and Sanitation 171938 0 9 Purchase of Machinery Equipment 89394 10 Public Awareness Programme 4090 11 Miscellaneous 35509

Total 6255407 5160594 3817293 6913999 6715243 3926146 85390001 Model Housing Colony 500790 2240 0 3786 2 Construction of Night Shelter 0 0 0 0 3 B.M.S (Housing) 620544 458100 1508343 864830

Total 1121334 460340 1508343 868616 7912857 9462893 38650001 Capital outlay on Urban Infrastructure

Development 390367 454419 0 0

2 Roads Transportation Development 49400 0 40900 0 3 Nehru Rozgar Yojana 785786 210228 38250 0 4 Urban Basic Services Programme 698911 82112 0 0 5 IDSMT 1789356 1340772 639849 135742 0 0 46410006 Slaughter House 247211 2969137 48971 8767027 Swarna Jayanthi Swarozgar Yojana 426535 1254774 1439115 8 Border Area Development Programme 388503 108658 0 9 Drainage 830147210 Award of Finance Commission 41177

Total 3961031 5871706 2131402 10794208 0 0 46410001 M.P.L.A.D 2781269 3433215 0 02 Special Central Assistance 2061358 2110356 19012589 0 3 Deposit Work 59253 858097 1788822 8031414 LCS 482625 96525 0 05 NSDP 444006 Science and Technology Complex 72540

Total 5384505 6498193 20801411 920081 others 0 0 0 0 0 0 10601000

GRAND TOTAL 43981408 43239707 44458937 26349941 27714818 31427483 52480000NON-PLAN EXPENDITURE

1 Staff Salary 26898803 34538849 38453927.6 50028911.7 49168617 48014786 46160000

2

Appendix 16.2

S. No. Particular 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2 Fixed Wages 6075340 6482397 6845776.26 6164497 6235222 6399836 80830003 Wages to Labour 874469 243522 343528 43429 67347 0 130000 4 TA and DA 29129 15000 7000 29959 32493 65695 78000 5 LTC 16188 0 0 0 67902 81885 920006 Festival Advance 711000 972150 879900 880400 507400 1098004 10250007 Medical Reimbursement 13917 7153 2212 56059 30199 111114 880008 Honorarium 46989 23706 23307 67777 119843 41960 400009 Employers Contribution to PF 6221 7225 6946.8 18156 7424 7476 7000 10 OT to Drivers 42382 40796 39782 44955 40150 81116 42000 11 Gratuity 717657 770042 1650573 1294011 1342571 1609622 235600012 Liverise 172957 187301 126476 202923 121179 213701 11400013 Bicycle/motor cycle/Scooter Advance to Staff 6909 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 Salary and Allowance to Chairperson/Vice

chairperson/Councillor 37250 32973 32073 23650 12000 33200 62000

15 House building loans to staff 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 Allowances to Architect 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 Medical Advance 30000 15000 100000 27925 25165 75000 3400018 Pension 1700000 1000000 1600000 3872060 4384266 5318026 712500019 Printing and Stationery 343447 328086 135969 524621 661502 438988 498000 20 Telephone Charge 78346 120651 113936 134285 107361 141054 12900021 Electric Charge 1000000 25960 256674 245293 39321 58985 35300022 Purchase of Typewriter, Gestetner Machine, etc 36567 57962 0 0 16978 42580 13000 23 Insurance premium for vehicle 27203 95558 82324 54937 192564 133987 117000 24 Clearance of septic tank 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 Cost of Petrol and Lubricant 1378416 1501830 2137996.5 2024378 2176314 4880756 472700026 Repayment of LIC and other loans 990534 1698759 546999 457952 2906050 0 0 27 Cost of spare parts of vehicle 708573 885840 528930 68799 850762 2807748 1283000 28 Maintenance of Roads and Drains and office

building 1044202 14560 0 687994 0 0 0

29 Other charge 215166 111140 582374.5 0 0 0 030 Legal expenses 38915 39542 58431.75 47197 77378 144901 32200031 Office Bi-cycle including repairing,etc. 325 631.29 5402.67 19686 0 0 0 32 Furniture 150418 62724 3639 244827 48739 53156 3000033 Running and maintenance of water supply 231341 65852 47073 892771 34 Food adulteration 4456 7666 8524 5225 21337 24325 1500035 Construction Equipment 21988 208484 10043 161826.15 0 0 036 Audit Fees 0 0 0 0 0 037 Cultural Affairs 277515 45675 48874 167772 0 0 0

3

Appendix 16.2

S. No. Particular 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 38 Education 175893 8888 20097 0 0 0 039 Cushion for Revision of Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 Municipal Hospital 0 0 0 0 0 041 Rent for Work office and Godown 44701 36600 39256 66661 26700 80659 55000 42 Silt Clearance, Removal of Garbages and

Hiring charge for Vehicle 73050 197657 109548 404659 0 0 0

43 Advertisement 279235 245487 120166.9 228857 282078 217339 13700044 Maintenance of Park and Island 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 Running and Maintenance of Orphanage 208998 384947 332137.75 352620 0 0 0 46 Immediate Relief 2000 0 0 0 0 047 Special Clearance 296880 0 0 0 0 048 Sc Welfare 2030 4050 12300 1500 9981 200049 Urban Development (Non-Plan) 271730 216988 0 0 0 0 50 SUEP 599960 999000 999000 0 0 51 Sarojini Memorial Trust 3006 0 0 0 0 52 Contract Worker/Officer 183504 205915 291226 249000 53 Leave Salary 623734 1167467 924256 1020000 55 Computer 99501 577828 187084 362000 56 Gas BasedCremation Ground 1000000 44420 206502 291000 57 Rabindra Jayanthi 23204 56000 74070 18000 58 Children Fair 17902 25000 20000 10000 59 Municipal School 13827 3145 25090 35000 60 Miscellaneous 470485 281039 298131 326000 61 festival grant 0 0 0 0 274975 236875 22800062 repair of office equipment 16898 0 0 63 office maintance 384915 0 13000 64 purchase of public health & conservancy

equipment 103107 61620 127000

65 D.W.C. cost of materials & labour 1240962 963165 1189000 66 garbage clearance-hospital 16102 0 19000 67 National festival & cultural 224933 262267 331000 68 orphanage 224694 363907 329000 69 spl. Clearance programme 0 0 88000 70 chairperson(C.P) fund - charity 0 0 100000 71 Aids 20000 50440 162000 72 Sales tax 578040 586675 0 Upgradation of dwelling houses 645872 123480 0 Urban local Bodies (U.L.B) 0 23530 0

4

Appendix 16.2

S. No. Particular 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 Rickshaw Number plate 0 122320 6000 Layer bird for BPL ( livelihood assistance) 0 69750 0

Training programme 0 187573 66000 A.S.S.P 0 0 191000 GRAND TOTAL 45007380 50754373 56123901.7 72988529.9 76660674 77263841 78277000Total 88988788 93994080 100582839 99338470.9 104375492 108691324 130566000

5

Appendix 16.3

Service HeadsName of Town/ City GAPA AMCCategory of Local Body (A/B/C/Corporation)

I Area (Sq.Km.) 92.00 62.60II Population 0.680434783A General Population Growth Rate Ratios

1 1981 1321862 1991 347877 274105 10.16 3979553 2001 379893 368493.00 0.88 -9.284 2006 431915 416816 5.52 -3.755 2011 479211 460011

6 2021572799

545792III Water Supply Levels ProportionA Supply Details1 Surface Source (MLD) 21.62 54.802 Sub Surface/ Underground Source (MLD 17.83 45.20 4.50 35.10 23.40 58.50 3 Other Sources (MLD) 0.00 0.00 3.00 13.50 5.20 4 Total Gross Supply (MLD) 39.45 100.00 4.00 18.00 5 T&D Losses (MLD) 13.81 0.80 3.60 6 T&D Losses (% to total supply) 35.017 Treatment Plant Capacity (MLD 31.508 Net Supply (MLD)

a Domestic/ Residentia 26.44 100.00b Non Domestic/ Commercial & Industria 0.00 0.00 26.46

Total 26.44 100.009 Average per capita supply (lpcd 90.55

10 Population Served 292000 8911 Planned Augmentation by design year (MLD)/ Existing Capaci 0.00B Storage & Distribution Details1 Ground Level Storage Reservoirs (ML

a Nos. 2b Total Capacity 1.13 12.40

2 Elevated Storage Reservoirs (MLa Nos. 15b Total Capacity 7.98 87.60

3 Total Storage Capacity (ML 9.114 Distribution System (km)

a Transmission Mains 0.00 0.00b Distribution Mains 0.00 0.00

Total Length 238.00 100.00C Connection Details1 Metered

a Domestic/ Residentia 0b Non Domestic/ Commercia 0c Industrial 0

Total- Metered 0

Details of Services (Service Levels)

The area includes Agartala Municipality & Surrounding extension areaswhich has been defined as Greater Agartala.

Population figus for 1981 are for Agartala Mnicipal Council area. For 1991& 2001 are for Greater Agartala Area. Projections are for Greater Agartals Area & are as per Government of Tripura's Greater Agartala Development

Assumed to be about 35%

1

Appendix 16.3

Service Heads


2 Unmetereda Domestic/ Residentia 0b Non Domestic/ Commercia 0c Industrial 0

Total- Unmetered 0 0.263 Total Water Connections 22000 83363.204 Standposts 5005 Handpumps 06 Population Covered

a Metered 0 0.00b Unmetered 0 0.00

Total 292000 100.00c Standposts 25000 50d Handpumps NA

IV Sewerage & SanitationA Underground Drainage1 Length of Sewers (km) 0.003 Total Population covered 04 Total Sewage Generated (MLD 0.005 Treatment Plant Capacity (MLD 0.006 Connection Details

a Domestic/ Residentiab Non Residential/ Commercia

Total Connections 0B Sanitation1 Sanitary Facilities (no. of units

a Septic Tanksb Public Conveniencesc Low Cost Sanitation units 0d Others 0

Total 02 Population Covered

a Septic Tanks 332575 77.00b Public Conveniencesc Low Cost Sanitation units 0 0.00d Others 0 0.00

Total 332575 100.00V Solid Waste ManagementA Waste Generation & Collection1 Waste Generated (tons)

a Domesticb Industrial & Commercia 0.00 0.00c Hospital 0.00 0.00

Total 195.00 100.002 Waste Collection

a Total Garbage Collected (tons 97.50 233.92b No. of Collection Bins 52 506.67

@450 gms per person

2

Appendix 16.3

Service Heads


c No. of TrucksMunicipal 27 100.00Private 0 0.00Total 27 100.00 89.23

d Conservancy StaffMunicipal 203 100.00Private 0 0.00Total 203 100.00

e Vehicle Capacity (tons 277.003 Waste Disposal

a Total Waste Disposed (tons) 195.00b Mode of Disposal- Qunatity (tons

Open Dumping 195.00Sanitary Land Fil 0.00Incineration 0.00Recycling 0.00Others 0.00

VI Roads, Storm Water Drainage & Street LightingA Roads1 Surface Type length (km) Municipal PWD

a Concrete 0.00 0.00b BT/ Tar 390.00 100.00 46.00 344.00c WBM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00d Earthen/ Others 0.00 140.00 -140.00

Total 390.00 100.00 186.00 204.00B Storm Water Drains 47.69 52.31 916.261 Drain Type length (km) 0.94

a Open Pucca Typeb Closed Pucca Type 0.00c Kutcha Type 0.00

Total 0.00 0.00C Street Lighting NA1 Type (nos.)

a High Mast Lamps 0 0.00b Mercury Vapour Lamps 10 0.08c Sodium Vapour Lamps 803 6.63d Tubelights 601 4.96e Others 10700 88.33

Total 12114 100.00 31.06

3

Appendix 16.4

Service Heads 2006 2011Existing Proposed

Name of Town/ City AMCI Water Supply

A Service Level Indicators1 Average per capita supply (Gross- lpcd 91.34 135.00 As per CPHEEO manual on Water Supply2 Transmission and Distribution Losses (% of total supply 35.01 303 Average per capita supply (Net- lpcd 61.22 94.504 Treatment Capacity (% of Supply) 80 1005 Distribution Network length (% road length 61 606 Storage Capacity Adequacy Ratio (% of supply 23.09 35B Unit Costs for Project Costing1 Source & Trunk line (Prop. as a % of total Rs. Lakh/ MLD 45.002 Treatment Facility (Rs. Lakh/ MLD) 20.003 Distribution Network (Rs. Lakh/ km) 15.004 Storage Facility (Rs. Lakh/ ML) 25.00II Sewerage & SanitationA Service Level Indicators1 Population covered thru' UGD (% to total popu. NA 50 To cover 100 % of Municipal Area2 Population covered thru' individual units (% to total popu. 77.00 253 Population covered thru' LCS (% to total popu. 0.00 25B Unit Costs for Project Costing1 Cost of UGD (Rs. per capita) 2000.002 Cost of individual sanitary units (Rs. / unit) 15000.003 Cost of LCS units (Rs. / unit) 6600.00III Solid Waste MangementA Service Level Indicators1 Waste Generated per capita (grams 451.48 550.002 Collection performance ( % collected to generated 50 1003 No. of trips made per vehicle 0.59 3.004 Density Adjustment Factor- vehicle capacity 0.6 0.605 Fleet of Vehicles (Proportion

a 5 Ton Vehicle- % 75.0b 3 Ton Vehicle- % 25.0c 1.5 Ton Vehicle- % 0.00

6 Total Waste Disposed - Tonnes/annum 71175.0 96201.61B Unit Costs for Project Costing1 Cost of Trucks (Rs. Lakh/ vehicle)

a 5 Ton Vehicle 10.00b 3 Ton Vehicle 5.00c 1.5 Ton Vehicle 4.00

2 Cost of Dustbins (Rs. / kg dustbin) 25.003 Cost of Processing & Disposal - Rs. /Tonne/annum 200.00

IV RoadsA Service Level Indicators1 Proportion of Concrete Roads (% to Total Road Length 0.00 02 Proportion of BT Roads (% to Total Road Length 100.00 1003 Proportion of WBM Roads (% to Total Road Length 0.00 04 Proportion of Earthen Roads (% to Total Road Length 0.00 05 Per Capita Road Length (m) 0.90 0.90B Unit Costs for Project Costing1 Upgradation/ Conversion Costs (Rs. Lakh/ km

Service Norms

1

Appendix 16.4

Service Heads 2006 2011Existing Proposed

Service Norms

a Earthen to Black Topped 15.00b Earthen to Water Bound Macadam 7.00c Water Bound Macadam to Black Topped 6.00d Black Topped to Concrete 20.00

2 New Formation- Capital Costs ( Rs. Lakh/ km)a Concrete 50.00b Black Topped 35.00c Water Bound Macadam 10.00d Earthen 3.00

V Storm Water DrainageA Service Level Indicators-% Coverage1 Proportion Open Pucca Drains (% to total road length 33.00 1002 Proportion Closed Pucca Drains (% to total road length 0.00 0.003 Proportion Kutcha Drains (% to total road length NA 0.00B Unit Costs for Project Costing1 Conversion Costs (Rs. Lakh/ km

a Kutcha to pucca 15.002 Capital Costs (Rs. Lakh/ km)

a Open Pucca 14.00b Closed Pucca 21.00c Kutcha 5.00

VI Street LightingA Service Level Indicators1 Average Spacing of lights (m) 32.20 30.002 Percentage SV Lamps to total ( %) 6.63 203 Percentage Tubelights to total ( %) 4.96 80.00B Unit Costs for Project Costing1 Tube Lights (Rs./ lamp) 4500.002 Sodium Vapour Lamps (Rs./ lamp) 9000.00

2

Appendix 16.5

Service Heads Physical Details CostCurrent Demand Gaps Rs. Lakh

Name of Town/ City AMCI Water Supply

1 Source & Trunk line (MLD) 0.00 64.69 64.69 7569.142 Treatment Facility (MLD) 0.00 64.69 64.69 1293.873 Distribution Network (km) 238.00 259.62 21.62 324.364 Storage Facility (ML) 9.11 22.64 13.53 338.325 Total- Water Supply Project Cost 9525.68

II Sewerage & Sanitation1 Popu. covered by Sewerage system NA 239606 239606 4792.112 Popu. covered by Individual sanitary units 332575 119803 0 0.003 Popu. covered by Low Cost Sanitation Units 0 11824 11824 156.084 Total- Sewerage & Sanitation Project Cost 4948.19

III Solid Waste Management1 Total Waste Generated (tons) 195.00 263.57 68.572 Vehicle capacity required (tons ) 277.00 146.43 0.00

a 5 Ton Vehicle- nos 0.00 0.00b 3 Ton Vehicle- nos 0.00 0.00c 1.5 Ton Vehicle- nos 0.00 0.00

3 Total Dustbin Capacity required (tons) 97.50 263.57 166.07 41.524 Disposal Site- excl. land cost (tons) 96201.61 96201.61 192.404 Total- Solid Waste Management Cost 233.92

IV Roads1 Total Roads (km)

a Concrete 0.00 0.00 0.00b Black Topped 390.00 432.71 42.71c Water Bound Macadam 0.00 0.00 0.00d Earthen/ Others 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total Road Length 390.00 432.71 42.712 Upgradation/ Conversion of Roads (km)

a Black Topped to Concrete 0.00 0.00b Water Bound Macadam to Black Topped 0.00 0.00c Earthen to Black Topped 0.00 0.00d Earthen to Water Bound Macadam 0.00 0.00

Total- Upgradation Cost 0.003 New Formation (km)

a Concrete 0.00 0.00b Black Topped 42.71 1494.72c Water Bound Macadam 0.00 0.00d Earthen 0.00 0.00

Total- New Formation Cost 1494.724 Total- Road Project Cost 1494.72

V Storm Water Drainage1 Total Conversion to closed pucca (km) NA 0.00 0.00 0.002 Total New Formation of Storm Water Drains (km)

a Open Pucca NA 42.71 14.09 197.30b Closed Pucca NA 0.00 0.00 0.00c Kutcha NA 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total- New Formation 0.00 42.71 42.71 197.303 Total- Storm Water Drainage Cost 197.30

VI Street Lighting1 Tube Lights (nos.) 601 10401 9800 440.992 Sodium Vapour Lamps (nos.) 11513 2600 0 0.003 Total- Street Lighting Cost 440.99

VII Summary- Project Cost for Core Services Normative State1 Water Supply 9525.682 Sewerage & Sanitation 4792.113 Solid Waste Management 233.92

4 Roads,Terminals and parking 1494.725 Storm Water Drains 197.306 Street Lighting 440.997 Other Schemes 0.008 Total- Project Costs 16685

0.00

Project Costing

1

Appendix 16.5

Current Demand Gaps Rs. LakhNeed & Wish List Summary

CHOICE ADOPTED FOR FOPNorms based Estimates Realistic estimates GOI States

Agency & SAmount (Rs. Lakhs) Rs.Lakhs Rs.Millions 90% 10%Agartala M 1482 Agartala Municipal Council 63567.07 6356.71 38676.90 4297.43

Solid Waste 234 Solid Waste Management 379.35 37.94 34.14 3.79

Roads 713 Preservation of Water bodies 700.00 70.00 63.00 7.00

Storm Wate 94 Improvement of Markets 0.00 0.00

Street Light 441 Slum Development 7766.88 776.69 699.02 77.67

Improvement of Markets Parks and Gardens 880.13 88.01 79.21 8.80

Slum Development Heritage Conservation 1136.96 113.70 102.33 11.37

Parks and Gardens Stadiums 8106.00 810.60 729.54 81.06

Heritage Conservation Improvement of playground 911.50 91.15 82.04 9.12Shopping Complexes Other Enabling Development Projects 40686.25 4068.63 36617.63 4068.63

PHED 14318 Urban Governance and Capacity Building 3000.00 300.00 270.00 30.00

Water Supp 9526 PHED 41200.19 4120.02 3708.02 412.00

Sewerage a 4792 Water Supply 13338.24 1333.82 1200.44 133.38PWD 885 Sewerage and Sanitation 27861.95 2786.20 2507.58 278.62

Roads 782 PWD 40758.46 4075.85 3668.26 407.58Drains 103 Roads, terminals, parking 40758.46 4075.85 3668.26 407.58Grand Tota 16685 UDD 9398.12 939.81 845.83 93.98

Storm water drainage & River Embankment 9398.12 939.81 845.83 93.98TSEB 4680.00 468.00 421.20 46.80Street Lighting 4680.00 468.00 421.20 46.80Grand Total 159603.84 15960.38 47320.21 5257.80

Investment Distribution Agency Wise(As Estimated according to NORMS & As FELT NEED By ULA)

2

Appendix 16.6

AMCHead of Account 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average CAGRRevenue AccountOpening BalanceReceiptsA- Own Sources- Taxes

1 Property Tax 5.90 6.15 8.18 9.06 9.22 16.24 17.76 11.72 11.25 11.25 9.13 11.86 17.93 10.18 11.90 ---- 4.25 33.03 10.73 1.77 76.14 9.40 22.55 14.772 Advetisement Tax 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.07 0.06 0.30 0.18 0.21 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.07 0.17 0.14 ---- 22.82 -6.45 2.05 -31.17 -19.75 402.54 61.67 15.903 Other Taxes (Water Tax) 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.49 0.47 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.19 ---- 4.14 0.89 -100.00 --- --- --- -31.66 -100.00

Sub Total A 6.23 6.52 8.54 9.17 9.29 16.30 18.06 12.38 11.92 11.75 9.24 11.96 17.99 10.35 12.23 ---- 4.52 31.10 7.30 1.38 75.37 10.82 21.75 14.22B- Own Sources- Non Taxes

1 Income from Municipal Real Estates 0.09 0.12 0.16 0.25 0.04 0.01 0.28 0.17 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.05 0.01 0.16 0.15 ---- 34.34 41.11 49.78 -83.80 -69.27 2159.77 355.32 15.622 Rent from Stall/Vendors/Informal Activities 3.07 3.51 4.64 5.02 2.01 7.16 13.36 6.10 6.42 6.39 5.06 2.59 7.91 7.66 6.02 ---- 14.40 32.34 8.07 -59.90 255.88 86.48 56.21 20.193 Registrartion and Licence Fee 0.96 0.89 0.76 0.81 0.76 1.87 3.18 1.91 1.62 1.05 0.82 0.98 2.06 1.82 1.47 ---- -8.11 -13.94 6.07 -5.67 144.99 70.19 32.26 16.094 Building Plan Approval 0.25 0.38 0.51 1.43 1.54 2.94 6.04 0.51 0.69 0.70 1.44 1.98 3.25 3.46 1.72 ---- 48.80 34.64 180.18 7.72 91.14 105.13 77.93 48.555 Income from Tanker Water Supply 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.39 0.45 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.51 0.50 0.23 0.24 ---- --- --- --- -12.31 14.86 -10.89 -2.78 --"6 Income Sanitation Operation 0.20 0.34 0.21 0.25 0.37 0.43 0.64 0.40 0.62 0.29 0.25 0.48 0.48 0.37 0.41 ---- 69.53 -38.37 17.23 50.05 16.88 48.63 27.33 15.627 Other Fees and Fines 0.25 0.08 0.07 0.96 0.83 0.82 1.29 0.50 0.14 0.10 0.97 1.06 0.91 0.74 0.63 ---- -68.65 -6.90 93.00 -14.35 -0.29 56.49 9.88 22.758 Others 3.69 2.32 0.80 1.72 2.44 1.70 2.02 7.32 4.25 1.10 1.73 3.15 1.88 1.16 2.94 ---- -36.93 -65.65 53.00 42.35 -30.33 18.72 -3.14 -7.24

Sub Total B 8.51 7.63 7.16 10.88 8.39 15.40 27.21 16.91 13.97 9.85 10.97 10.80 17.00 15.60 13.58 ---- -10.29 -6.18 51.89 -22.90 83.57 76.69 28.80 15.64C- State Transfers and Grants

1 General Transfers 34.37 39.27 55.66 77.88 59.07 57.63 128.10 68.28 71.85 76.56 78.54 76.03 63.63 73.44 72.62 ---- 14.25 41.76 39.92 -24.15 -2.44 122.27 31.93 17.872 Grant in Aid 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ---- --- --- --- --- --- --- -- --"

Sub Total C 34.37 39.27 55.66 77.88 59.07 57.63 128.10 68.28 71.85 76.56 78.54 76.03 63.63 73.44 72.62 ---- 14.25 41.76 39.92 -24.15 -2.44 122.27 31.93 17.87D Advances and Deposits 1.22 1.24 1.33 1.24 0.94 1.25 1.06 2.43 2.26 1.83 1.25 1.21 1.38 0.61 1.57 ---- 1.09 7.80 -7.18 -23.83 32.37 -15.36 -0.85 -1.82Grand Total Revenue Income 50.34 54.65 72.70 99.17 77.69 90.57 174.42 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 ---- 8.57 33.02 36.40 -21.65 16.58 92.57 27.58 16.81

ExpenditureA Establishment1 Staff Salaries and Bonus 33.14 41.72 47.61 50.65 50.34 48.94 47.18 61.09 68.19 69.10 64.99 48.23 45.03 36.14 56.11 ---- 25.89 14.12 6.40 -0.63 -2.78 -3.59 6.57 4.512 Wages and Casual Labour Payments 6.99 6.77 7.23 6.44 6.55 6.77 8.50 12.89 11.06 10.49 8.26 6.27 6.23 6.51 8.82 ---- -3.22 6.83 -10.97 1.74 3.41 25.57 3.90 2.483 Pension, Gratity and PF Contribution 2.60 1.96 3.38 5.39 5.86 7.15 9.60 4.79 3.21 4.91 6.91 5.61 6.58 7.35 5.62 ---- -24.35 72.25 59.19 8.69 22.09 34.32 28.70 17.764 Tour Allowances, TA and DA 0.13 0.07 0.06 0.12 0.23 0.22 0.27 0.24 0.12 0.09 0.16 0.22 0.20 0.21 0.18 ---- -44.67 -12.97 94.59 91.32 -4.09 22.12 24.38 9.715 Medical Reimbursement 0.04 0.02 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.19 0.12 0.08 0.04 0.15 0.11 0.05 0.17 0.09 0.10 ---- -49.56 361.39 -17.83 -34.08 236.16 -34.45 76.94 13.626 Others 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 ---- --- --- --- -100.00 --- --- -100.00 --"

Sub Total A - Establishment 42.90 50.54 58.39 62.76 63.03 63.27 65.68 79.09 82.62 84.75 80.52 60.39 58.21 50.31 70.84 ---- 17.82 15.51 7.50 0.42 0.38 3.81 7.57 5.47B Operation & Maintenanace1 Rent for Buildings/Offices 0.32 0.28 0.16 0.30 0.38 0.30 0.19 0.60 0.46 0.23 0.38 0.36 0.27 0.15 0.35 ---- -12.92 -43.48 85.37 28.59 -21.58 -35.57 0.07 -6.332 Vehicle Maintenanace, Fuel and Lubricants

3.16 2.50 2.75 2.86 3.22 7.82 6.13 5.82 4.08 4.00 3.66 3.08 7.20 4.69 4.65 ---- -20.90 10.26 3.67 12.74 142.96 -21.67 21.18 8.633 Purchase of Consumables 0.24 0.26 0.54 0.76 0.59 0.23 0.38 0.45 0.43 0.78 0.97 0.57 0.21 0.29 0.53 ---- 8.65 104.17 40.62 -21.26 -61.39 63.28 22.34 5.624 Maint. of Roads,Drains & other Civil works

1.61 1.58 3.11 5.33 0.00 0.03 0.04 2.96 2.59 4.52 6.84 0.00 0.02 0.03 2.42 ---- -1.47 96.87 71.17 -99.94 697.77 39.50 133.99 -38.015 Stationery, Books Journals etc. 0.52 0.34 0.16 0.52 0.66 0.44 0.50 0.96 0.55 0.23 0.67 0.63 0.40 0.38 0.55 ---- -35.11 -53.69 236.15 26.09 -33.64 13.44 25.54 -0.526 Solid Waste Disposal 1.87 2.65 1.29 2.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.45 4.33 1.87 3.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.90 41.50 -51.42 121.16 -100.00 --- --- 2.81 -100.007 Power Charges- Lighting 1.00 0.03 0.26 0.25 0.04 0.06 0.35 1.84 0.04 0.37 0.31 0.04 0.05 0.27 0.42 ---- -97.40 888.73 -4.43 -83.97 50.01 498.46 208.56 -12.208 Telephone Charges 0.08 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.11 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.20 0.17 0.17 0.10 0.13 0.10 0.14 ---- 54.00 -5.57 17.86 -20.05 31.38 -8.55 11.51 6.439 Legal Expenses 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.08 0.14 0.32 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.13 0.25 0.11 ---- 1.61 47.77 -19.23 63.95 87.26 122.22 50.60 30.23

10 Others 0.80 0.16 0.64 0.81 0.38 0.42 0.37 1.47 0.27 0.93 1.04 0.37 0.38 0.28 0.68 ---- -79.34 288.96 26.10 -52.48 8.65 -11.41 30.08 -9.16Sub Total B - Operation and Maintenanace 9.63 7.96 9.08 13.84 5.47 9.58 8.40 17.76 13.01 13.18 17.76 5.24 8.81 6.43 11.74 ---- -17.36 14.01 52.49 -60.51 75.17 -12.28 8.59 -1.70C Debt Payments 0.99 1.70 0.55 0.46 2.91 0.00 0.00 1.83 2.78 0.79 0.59 2.78 0.00 0.00 1.25 ---- 71.50 -67.80 -16.28 534.58 -100.00 --- 84.40 -100.00D Advances and Deposits

1 PF Advance 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ---- -100.00 --- --- --- --- --- -100.00 -100.002 Deposits 0.71 0.97 0.88 0.88 0.51 1.10 1.03 1.31 1.59 1.28 1.13 0.49 1.01 0.79 1.08 ---- 36.73 -9.18 -0.28 -42.37 116.40 -6.65 15.77 4.68

Sub Total D - Deposits and Advances 0.72 0.97 0.88 0.88 0.51 1.10 1.03 1.32 1.59 1.28 1.13 0.49 1.01 0.79 1.09 ---- 35.41 -9.18 -0.28 -42.37 116.40 -6.65 15.56 4.55Grand Total Revenue Expenditure 54.24 61.18 68.89 77.94 104.37 108.69 130.56 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 ---- 12.78 12.61 13.14 33.90 4.14 20.12 16.12 11.60Part II (Capital Account)Capital AccountReceipts

1 Grants 6.07 6.93 9.82 13.74 10.42 10.17 22.612 Others 0.12 1.61 0.00 1.72 2.87 0.00 0.00

Sub Total Capital Income 6.18 8.54 9.82 15.47 13.29 10.17 22.61Expenditure

1 Purchase of Machinery and Equipments 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.002 Water Supply and Drainage 4.32 1.94 0.36 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.003 Purchase of Furniture 0.15 0.06 0.00 0.24 0.05 0.05 0.034 Housing Construction and Development 1.12 0.46 1.51 0.87 7.91 9.46 3.87

Actuals in Rs. Millions Sectoral Contribution- % to Total Average annual Growth Rate

Summary of Municipal Council Account

1

Appendix 16.6

AMCHead of Account 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Average CAGR

5 Contingencies 0.33 3.06 0.17 2.55 0.00 0.00 0.006 Slum/EIUS and NSDP/SJSRY 8.19 7.08 5.39 3.62 3.56 2.60 2.367 IDSMT/BADP 1.79 1.73 0.75 8.44 0.00 0.00 4.648 Other Development Works 5.38 6.77 21.02 1.92 0.04 0.21 0.299 Other Civil Works 13.46 11.71 2.48 3.38 1.00 0.00 0.00

Sub Total Capital Expenditure 34.74 32.82 31.69 21.39 12.56 12.33 11.18

SummaryIncome

1 Revenue Income 49.11 53.42 71.37 97.93 76.75 89.32 173.362 Advances and Deposits- Receipts 1.22 1.24 1.33 1.24 0.94 1.25 1.063 Capital Income 6.18 8.54 9.82 15.47 13.29 10.17 22.61

Expenditure1 Revenue Expenditure 53.53 60.20 68.01 77.06 71.40 72.84 74.082 Advances and Deposits- Payments 0.72 0.97 0.88 0.88 0.51 1.10 1.033 Capital Expenditure 34.74 32.82 31.69 21.39 12.56 12.33 11.18

Status1 Revenue Account -4.41 -6.79 3.36 20.86 5.35 16.48 99.282 Depsoits and Advances 0.51 0.26 0.45 0.36 0.44 0.15 0.033 Capital Account -28.56 -24.28 -21.87 -5.93 0.73 -2.16 11.424 Overall -32.47 -30.80 -18.06 15.29 6.51 14.47 110.73

Key Financial Indicators1 Operating Ratio 1.09 1.13 0.95 0.79 0.93 0.82 0.432 DSR (Debt payment by Revenue Income)

2.02 3.18 0.77 0.47 3.79 0.00 0.003 Establishment Cost as % of Income 87.35 94.62 81.81 64.09 82.12 70.83 37.89

2

Appendix 16.7

All Figures in Rs. Millions1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

I- Local Body AccountOpening Balance 25.77 38.71 52.27 115.09 100.91 73.23 5.95 4.47 40.60

A- Own Sources- Taxes1 Property Tax 5.90 6.15 8.18 9.06 25.24 29.81 29.81 76.06 106.62 134.29 171.12 191.98 252.15 295.442 Advetisement Tax 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.19 0.22 0.25 0.29 0.33 0.38 0.433 Other Taxes (Water Tax) 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.00 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.254 Scavanging Tax 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.10 9.31 10.71 12.54 18.41 21.17 24.34

Sub Total A 6.23 6.52 8.54 9.17 25.56 30.16 30.18 84.56 116.36 145.47 184.18 210.95 273.94 320.47B- Own Sources- Non Taxes

1 Income from Municipal Real Estates 0.09 0.12 0.16 0.25 0.04 0.15 0.17 0.20 0.23 0.27 0.31 0.36 0.41 0.482 Rent from Stall/Vendors/Informal 3.07 3.51 4.64 5.02 2.01 4.20 5.05 6.07 7.29 8.76 10.53 12.66 15.21 18.283 Registrartion and Licence Fee 0.96 0.89 0.76 0.81 0.76 0.96 1.12 1.30 1.51 1.75 2.03 2.36 2.73 3.174 Building Plan Approval 0.25 0.38 0.51 1.43 1.54 0.95 1.40 2.09 3.10 4.60 6.84 10.16 15.09 22.425 Income from Tanker Water Supply 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.39 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.176 Income Sanitation Operation 0.20 0.34 0.21 0.25 0.37 0.31 0.36 0.42 0.49 0.56 0.65 0.75 0.87 1.007 Other Fees and Fines 0.25 0.08 0.07 0.96 0.83 0.50 0.62 0.76 0.93 1.14 1.40 1.72 2.12 2.608 Others 3.69 2.32 0.80 1.72 2.44 2.26 2.10 1.94 1.80 1.67 1.55 1.44 1.34 1.24

Sub Total B 8.51 7.63 7.16 10.88 8.39 9.51 10.99 12.95 15.52 18.93 23.49 29.62 37.95 49.37C- State Transfers and Grants

1 General Transfers 34.37 39.27 55.66 77.88 59.07 61.24 70.42 74.58 78.94 79.18 83.80 88.99 93.26 97.562 Grant in Aid 4.17 4.17 4.17 4.17 8.34 8.34 8.34 8.34 8.34 8.34

Sub Total C 34.37 39.27 55.66 77.88 63.24 65.41 74.59 78.75 87.27 87.51 92.14 97.33 101.60 105.90Grand Total Revenue Income 49.11 53.42 71.37 97.93 97.19 105.07 115.77 176.25 219.16 251.92 299.81 337.90 413.49 475.74

Revenue Expenditure A Establishment

1 Staff Salaries and Bonus 33.14 41.72 47.61 50.65 56.73 63.54 71.16 79.70 116.05 129.98 145.57 163.04 182.61 204.522 Wages and Casual Labour Payments 6.99 6.77 7.23 6.44 7.21 8.07 9.04 10.13 14.75 16.52 18.50 20.72 23.20 25.993 Pension, Gratity and PF Contribution 2.60 1.96 3.38 5.39 6.03 6.76 7.57 8.48 12.34 13.82 15.48 17.34 19.42 21.754 Other Allowances 0.17 0.09 0.16 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.39

Sub Total A- Establishment 42.90 50.54 58.39 62.76 70.27 78.68 88.09 98.63 143.47 160.66 179.91 201.46 225.61 252.64B Operation & Maintenance

1 Rent for Buildings/Offices 0.32 0.28 0.16 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.39 0.402 Vehicle Maintenanace etc 3.16 2.50 2.75 2.86 3.00 3.15 3.31 3.47 3.64 3.83 4.02 4.22 4.43 4.653 Maint. of Roads,Drains & other Civil 1.61 1.58 3.11 5.33 5.60 5.88 6.17 6.48 6.80 7.14 7.50 7.88 8.27 8.684 Stationery, Books Journals etc. 0.52 0.34 0.16 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.57 0.59 0.61 0.63 0.65 0.66 0.68 0.715 Solid Waste Disposal 1.87 2.65 1.29 2.85 2.99 3.14 3.29 3.46 3.63 3.81 4.00 4.20 4.41 4.646 Power Charges- Lighting 1.00 0.03 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.337 Telephone Charges 0.08 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.15 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.29 0.32 0.358 Others 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sub Total B- O & M 8.56 7.49 7.84 12.23 12.83 13.46 14.11 14.81 15.53 16.30 17.10 17.94 18.82 19.75C Debt Servicing

1 Debt Servicing- Existing 0.99 1.70 0.55 0.46 2.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.002 Debt Servicing- New 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sub Total C 0.99 1.70 0.55 0.46 2.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00D Additional O & M

1 Additional O & M for New Investments 0.00 0.00 3.12 10.72 19.41 29.23 39.62Sub Total D 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.12 10.72 19.41 29.23 39.62

Grand Total Revenue Expenditure 52.45 59.74 66.78 75.45 86.01 92.13 102.20 113.44 159.00 180.07 207.72 238.81 273.66 312.02Revenue Account Status- Surplus/Deficit -3.33 -6.32 4.59 22.47 11.18 12.94 13.57 62.82 60.15 71.85 92.09 99.09 139.83 163.72

Financial Operating Plan

Head of Account

AMC

Forecast

1

Appendix 16.7


Financial Operating Plan

Head of Account

AMC

Capital Receipts1 X & XI Finance Commission Grants 10.42 10.42 10.42 10.42 10.42 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.50 15.012 General Grants from State 6.07 6.93 9.82 13.74 4.17 4.17 4.17 4.17 8.34 8.34 8.34 8.34 8.34 10.003 Grant by GOI 0.00 668.99 895.77 1434.33 905.11 933.28 397.134 Loan by GoI 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total Capital Receipts 6.07 6.93 9.82 24.16 14.59 14.59 14.59 14.59 689.83 916.61 1455.17 925.95 954.12 422.14Capital ExpenditureA Capital Works

1 General Capital Works 14.59 14.59 14.59 20.84 20.84 20.84 20.84 20.84 0.002 Solid Waste Management 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.54 11.68 10.41 10.933 Slum Improvement 0.00 123.36 161.17 128.73 136.29 143.10 39.694 Improvement of Markets 0.00 4.62 6.99 11.46 10.23 7.03 4.775 Parks and Gardens 0.00 3.55 13.72 18.97 15.82 16.61 17.446 Heritage Conservation 0.00 19.33 20.29 21.31 22.37 23.49 0.007 Stadium Development 0.00 4.96 142.99 175.04 178.05 186.95 104.018 Improvement of Playground 0.00 0.00 8.37 18.63 29.90 21.70 11.399 Street Lighting 0.00 0.00 12.50 13.12 13.78 14.46 15.19# Other Projects 0.00 587.51 629.26 1200.89 587.56 613.22 237.83

Grand Total Capital Expenditure 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.59 14.59 14.59 764.16 1016.14 1614.54 1026.51 1057.82 441.25Capital Account Status- Surplus/Deficit 6.07 6.93 9.82 24.16 14.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 -74.33 -99.53 -159.37 -100.57 -103.70 -19.12Closing Balance 2.73 0.61 14.42 46.64 25.77 38.71 52.27 115.09 100.91 73.23 5.95 4.47 40.60 185.21

Summary of Financial Indicators1 Operating Ratio 1.07 1.12 0.94 0.77 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.64 0.73 0.46 0.69 0.71 0.66 0.662 Capital Utilisation Ratio 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.053 Share of Estab.of the Total Expenditure 81.80 84.61 87.44 83.18 81.70 85.39 86.19 86.95 90.23 89.22 86.61 84.36 82.44 80.974 Share of Revenue Spent on Establishm 87.35 94.62 81.81 64.09 72.30 74.88 76.09 55.96 65.47 63.77 60.01 59.62 54.56 53.115 Debt Servicing Cost as % of Revenue In 2.02 3.18 0.77 0.47 2.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2

Appendix 16.8


II- Public Health Engineering DepartmentOpening Balance -13.6 -25.8 -34.3 -41.0 -41.2 -41.2 -45.6 -56.0 -74.6

Revenue Income1 Water Tax2 Water Charges 2.38 4.45 7.16 10.66 15.01 16.77 20.52 23.05 23.503 Sewer Charges 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.004 Income Thru Tanker Supply and Others5 New Connection Fee- Water Supply 0.00 2.88 3.31 7.61 4.95 5.69 6.54 7.52 8.656 New Connection Fee- Sewerage 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total Revenue Income 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.38 7.32 10.47 18.27 19.96 22.46 27.06 30.57 32.16Revenue Expenditure

1 Establishment 9.70 10.50 11.60 12.54 13.55 14.65 15.83 17.11 18.49 19.99 21.60 23.35 25.24 23.352 O & M3 Additional O & M 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.20 14.13 23.94 34.594 Debt Servcing 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total Revenue Expenditure 9.70 10.50 11.60 12.54 13.55 14.65 15.83 17.11 18.49 19.99 26.80 37.48 49.18 57.94Revenue Account Status- Surplus/Deficit -9.70 -10.50 -11.60 -12.54 -13.55 -12.27 -8.51 -6.64 -0.22 -0.03 -4.34 -10.42 -18.61 -25.79

Capital Receipts1 General Grants2 Project Loan Component 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.003 Project Grant Component- GOI 0.00 327.64 668.47 785.13 820.85 674.20 270.144 Project Grant Component- State 0.00 36.40 74.27 87.24 91.21 74.91 30.02

Total Capital Receipts 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 364.04 742.74 872.37 912.05 749.11 300.15Capital ExpenditureA Capital Works

1 Water Supply 0.00 0.00 173.18 289.12 303.58 315.14 236.202 Sanitation and Sewerage 0.00 364.04 569.57 583.25 608.48 433.97 63.95

Grand Total Capital Expenditure 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 364.04 742.74 872.37 912.05 749.11 300.15Capital Account Status- Surplus/Deficit 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Closing Balance -9.70 -10.50 -11.60 -12.54 -13.55 -25.82 -34.33 -40.96 -41.18 -41.21 -45.55 -55.97 -74.58 -100.37

II- Public Works DepartmentOpening Balance -7.6 -15.4 -23.4 -31.7 -40.2 -49.5 -80.1 -134.3 -214.4

Revenue Income1 Income

Total Revenue Income 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Revenue Expenditure

1 Establishment 7.46 6.49 7.14 7.35 7.57 7.80 8.04 8.28 8.53 8.78 9.04 9.32 9.60 9.882 O & M3 Additional O & M 0.00 0.00 0.51 21.52 44.92 70.52 98.384 Debt Servcing 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total Revenue Expenditure 7.46 6.49 7.14 7.35 7.57 7.80 8.04 8.28 8.53 9.29 30.56 54.23 80.11 108.27Revenue Account Status- Surplus/Deficit -7.46 -6.49 -7.14 -7.35 -7.57 -7.80 -8.04 -8.28 -8.53 -9.29 -30.56 -54.23 -80.11 -108.27

Capital Receipts1 General Grants2 Project Loan Component 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.003 Project Grant Component- GOI 0.00 22.82 1055.36 1237.64 1295.80 1352.38 168.004 Project Grant Component- State 0.00 2.54 117.26 137.52 143.98 150.26 18.67

Total Capital Receipts 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.35 1172.62 1375.16 1439.77 1502.65 186.67Capital Expenditure 0.00 22.82 1055.36 1237.64 1295.80 1352.38 168.00A Capital Works

1 Roads to be Under Taken by PWD 0.00 25.35 925.92 1116.12 1167.79 1217.06 186.672 Storm Water Drainage 0.00 0.00 246.70 259.04 271.99 285.59 0.00

Grand Total Capital Expenditure 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.35 1172.62 1375.16 1439.77 1502.65 186.67Capital Account Status- Surplus/Deficit 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Closing Balance -7.46 -6.49 -7.14 -7.35 -7.57 -15.38 -23.41 -31.69 -40.22 -49.50 -80.07 -134.30 -214.41 -322.68

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

Financial Operating Plan- Other Departments

Forecast

Head of Account

PHED, PWD

Forecast

1

Appendix 16.8


Financial Operating Plan- Other Departments

Head of Account

PHED, PWD

Summary of Investments and FOP 0.00 -2.54 -117.26 -137.52 -143.98 -150.26 -18.67-8.28 -11.06 -126.55 -168.08 -198.21 -230.38 -126.93

Sustainable Investments1 AMC 0.00 743.32 995.30 1593.70 1005.67 1036.98 441.252 PHED 0.00 364.04 742.74 872.37 912.05 749.11 300.153 PWD 0.00 25.35 1172.62 1375.16 1439.77 1502.65 186.67

Total 0.00 1132.71 2910.66 3841.22 3357.50 3288.73 928.08Total Commitment by GoI (90% of Project Cost) 0.00 1019.44 2619.59 3457.10 3021.75 2959.86 835.27Funding Commitment for the Project1 Loan by GoI 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.002 Grant by GoI 0.00 1019.44 2619.59 3457.10 3021.75 2959.86 835.273 Self Generated Funds by Local Body or State 0.00 113.27 291.07 384.12 335.75 328.87 92.81Additional Support for Deficit Funding1 AMC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.002 PHED 6.64 0.22 0.03 4.34 10.42 18.61 25.793 PWD 8.28 8.53 9.29 30.56 54.23 80.11 108.27

Total Support from State 14.91 122.02 300.38 419.03 400.40 427.59 226.86

2

Appendix 16.9

Assumption for Future

Current Average Unit 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

I Projection of Revenue Income 115.09 100.91 73.23 5.95 4.47 40.60 185.21

A Property Tax1 Current Demand Proposed 12.82 Rs.Millions 9.01 355212 Current No. of Assessments 46287 Nos. 38756 Total Pucca Houses3 Tax per Assessment 500 Rupees 59202 Total Houses

4a Revision 2008/09 180.00 %4b Revision 20011/12 30.00 %5 Collection Performance

i Arrear Collection 50.00 57.00 59.00 61.00 63.00 65.00 67.00 69.00 71.00 73.00ii Current Collection 50.00 54.00 58.00 62.00 66.00 70.00 78.00 80.00 80.00 80.00

6 Growth in Assessment 15.00 %7 DCB Statement- All Wards 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

No. of Assessment 46287 53230 61215 70397 80957 93101 107066 123126 141595 162834Tax per Assessment 500 500 500 1400 1400 1400 1400 1400 1820 1820DemandArrear 15.00 19.07 20.44 21.24 45.73 55.46 58.51 52.29 50.68 66.24Current 23.14 26.62 30.61 98.56 113.34 130.34 149.89 172.38 257.70 296.36CollectionArrear 7.50 10.87 12.06 12.95 28.81 36.05 39.20 36.08 35.99 48.35Current 11.57 14.37 17.75 61.10 74.80 91.24 116.92 137.90 206.16 237.09Collection Performance-% 50.00 55.25 58.40 61.82 65.14 68.51 74.91 77.44 78.52 78.72

12 Scavanging Tax 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 130.0 130.0in Year 2006/07 100.00 Rs. Per assessmentin Year 20011/12 130.00 Rs. Per assessment

Other Tax Items1 Advetisement Tax 15.00 15.90 %2 Other Taxes (Water Tax) 3.00 -100.00 %

Non Tax Items1 Income from Municipal Real Estates 15.00 15.62 %

2 Rent from Stall/Vendors/Informal Activities 15.00 20.19 %

3 Registrartion and Licence Fee 15.00 16.09 %4 Building Plan Approval 15.00 48.55 %5 Income from Tanker Water Supply 3.00 %6 Income Sanitation Operation 15.00 15.62 %7 Other Fees and Fines 15.00 22.75 %8 Others 3.00 -7.24 %

State Transfers and Grants1 General Transfers 15 17.87 %2 Grant in Aid for upto 2001 10.00 Rs. Per capita3 Grant in Aid for upto 2006 20.00 Rs. Per capita4 Grant in Aid for upto 2011 24.00 Rs. Per capita

X & XI Finance Commission Grants- for Capital Works

FOP AssumptionsCheck for Sustaianbility

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Appendix 16.9




1 Grant in Aid for upto 2001 25.00 Rs. Per capita2 Grant in Aid for upto 2006 30.00 Rs. Per capita3 Grant in Aid for upto 2011 36.00 Rs. Per capita

II- Revenue Expenditure A Establishment

1 Staff Salaries and Bonus 12 6.57 %2 Wages and Casual Labour Payments 12 3.90 %3 Council Allowance and Meeting Charges 3 %4 Pension, Gratity and PF Contribution 12 28.70 %5 Other Allowances 3 0.00 %6 VI Pay Commission Revision 30 % -(additional increase in Year 2008/09)

B Operation & Maintenance 1 Rent for Buildings/Offices 3 0.07 %2 Vehicle Maintenanace etc 5 21.18 %

3 Maint. of Roads,Drains & other Civil works 5 22.34 %

4 Stationery, Books Journals etc. 3 133.99 %5 Solid Waste Disposal 5 25.54 %6 Power Charges- Lighting 3 2.81 %7 Telephone Charges 10 208.56 %8 Others 5 11.51 %

III Investments1 Project Financing Pattern under TA

%GoI Grant as per Norms 90 %State/ULB Self Generated 10 %

2 Funding to Project (Based on Planning Commision Norms (90% Grant and 10% Loan to NE Sattaes)Grant by GOI 90.00 %Loan by GoI 0.00 %State/ULB Self Generated 10.00 %

3 Terms of Loan Funding for New ProjectsInterest Rate 0 %Repayment period 0 YearsAnnual Repayment factor 0.000

4 Investment Estimated&Phasing- Rs. Millions @2006 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12Prices

a Water Supply- PHED 1333.82 10.0 20.0 20.0 50.0 - - b Sewerage & Sanitation- PHED 2786.20 10.0 40.0 50.0 - - - c Roads, Intersections, Terminals & Parking- PWD 4075.85 20.0 20.0 40.0 20.0 - d Storm Water Drainage & River Embankment-UDD 939.81 20.0 20.0 40.0 20.0 - e Solid Waste Management-AMC 37.94 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 - - f Slum Improvement- AMC 776.69 10.0 20.0 20.0 30.0 20.0 - g Improvement of Markets-AMC 0.00 20.0 20.0 40.0 20.0 -

% Phasing

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h Parks and Gardens-AMC 88.01 10.0 20.0 20.0 30.0 20.0 - I Herirage Improvement - AMC 113.70j Stadium Development - AMC 810.60k Improvement of Play ground -AMC 91.15

Preservation of Water Bodies - AMC 70.00l Street Lighting - TSEB 468.00l Other Enabling Development Projects - AMC 4068.63

Total 15660.38Price Escalation 5.00 % per annum

5 Actual Investment Estimated & Phasing- Physical Phasing- Rs. Millions- Including Cost Escalationa Water Supply- PHED 0.00 0.00 203.74 340.14 357.15 370.75 277.89b Sewerage & Sanitation- PHED 0.00 428.28 670.08 686.18 715.85 510.55 75.24c Roads, Intersections, Terminals & Parking- PWD 0.00 25.35 925.92 1116.12 1167.79 1217.06 186.67d Storm Water Drainage & River Embankment-UDD 0.00 0.00 246.70 259.04 271.99 285.59 0.00e Solid Waste Management-AMC 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.52 13.74 12.25 12.86f Slum Improvement- AMC 145.13 189.61 151.45 160.34 168.36 46.70g Improvement of Markets-AMC 5.43 8.23 13.49 12.04 8.27 5.62h Parks and Gardens-AMC 4.17 16.14 22.32 18.61 19.54 20.52I Herirage Conservation - AMC 22.74 23.88 25.07 26.32 27.64 0.00k Stadium Development - AMC 5.83 168.22 205.93 209.47 219.95 122.36l Improvement of Play ground -AMC 0.00 9.85 21.92 35.17 25.53 13.40

m Preservation of Water Bodies - AMC 0.00 14.70 15.44 16.21 17.02 17.87n Street Lighting - TSEB 0.00 0.00 128.99 135.44 142.21 149.32o Other Enabling Development Projects - AMC 691.18 740.31 1412.81 691.25 721.44 279.80

Total 0.00 1328.13 3217.37 4405.41 3831.37 3746.14 1208.240.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Closing Balance 115.09 100.91 73.23 5.95 4.47 40.60 185.216 ULB- Sustainable Investment 85 %a Solid Waste Management 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.54 11.68 10.41 10.93b Slum Improvement 0.00 123.36 161.17 128.73 136.29 143.10 39.69 c Improvement of Markets 0.00 4.62 6.99 11.46 10.23 7.03 4.77d Parks and Gardens 0.00 3.55 13.72 18.97 15.82 16.61 17.44e Heritage Conservation 0.00 19.33 20.29 21.31 22.37 23.49 0.00f Stadium Development 0.00 4.96 142.99 175.04 178.05 186.95 104.01g Improvement of Playground 0.00 0.00 8.37 18.63 29.90 21.70 11.39h Preservation of Water Bodies 0.00 0.00 12.50 13.12 13.78 14.46 15.19I Other Enabling Development Projects - AMC 0.00 587.51 629.26 1200.89 587.56 613.22 237.83

Total 0.00 743.32 995.30 1593.70 1005.67 1036.98 441.250.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

7 Additional O & M @a Solid Waste Management 5.00 % Capital Cost 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.87 1.44b Slum Improvement 2.00 0.00 2.47 5.81 8.68 11.84 15.29 c Improvement of Markets 2.00 0.00 0.09 0.24 0.48 0.71 0.88d Parks and Gardens 2.00 0.00 0.07 0.35 0.75 1.10 1.49e Heritage Conservation 2.00 0.00 0.39 0.81 1.28 1.79 2.35

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f Stadium Development 2.00 0.00 0.10 2.96 6.61 10.50 14.77g Improvement of Playground 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.55 1.17 1.67h Preservation of Water Bodies 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.37 0.79 1.24 1.74I Other Projects 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 0.00 0.00 3.12 10.72 19.41 29.23 39.62

8 Debt Servicinga Existing Loans 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

Amount Outstanding 0.00 Rs. MillionsInterest Rate 0Repayment period 0Repayment Factor 0.000 Existing Loan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

b New LoansLoan Amount of Sustainabale Investment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Annual Repayment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

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City Development Plan - Agartala

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