Citizens’Juries: an innovative tool for public ... gestió de l'aigua_archivos/jornada ai… ·...

19
Citizens’ Juries: an innovative tool for public participation in River Basin Management Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM) Dave Huitema & Marleen van de Kerkhof Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM) Amsterdam – The Netherlands

Transcript of Citizens’Juries: an innovative tool for public ... gestió de l'aigua_archivos/jornada ai… ·...

Page 1: Citizens’Juries: an innovative tool for public ... gestió de l'aigua_archivos/jornada ai… · citizenship Juries as a supplement to ‘ordinary’decision making For complex decisions

Citizens’ Juries: an innovative tool for public

participation in River Basin Management

Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM)

Dave Huitema & Marleen van de Kerkhof

Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM)

Amsterdam – The Netherlands

Page 2: Citizens’Juries: an innovative tool for public ... gestió de l'aigua_archivos/jornada ai… · citizenship Juries as a supplement to ‘ordinary’decision making For complex decisions

2

Outline of this presentation

I. What is a citizens’ jury?

II. The Dutch citizens’ jury on water

III. Empirical observations

IV. Propositions for debate

Page 3: Citizens’Juries: an innovative tool for public ... gestió de l'aigua_archivos/jornada ai… · citizenship Juries as a supplement to ‘ordinary’decision making For complex decisions

3

Part I: origins of the citizens’ jury

� Juries in court cases

� The US and Germany: planning cells and citizens’ juries (1970s)

� Later (1990s) also in the UK, Australia and other countries

� Guidance under the Water Framework Directive

Page 4: Citizens’Juries: an innovative tool for public ... gestió de l'aigua_archivos/jornada ai… · citizenship Juries as a supplement to ‘ordinary’decision making For complex decisions

4

Part I: jury characteristics

� 12 to 18 randomly selected citizens to form a

microcosm of the community

�Who attend a series of meetings (3 - 5 days)

�Who hear evidence, question witnesses, discuss

a specific issue as suggested by the authorities

�Who make an informed judgment and

recommendations

Page 5: Citizens’Juries: an innovative tool for public ... gestió de l'aigua_archivos/jornada ai… · citizenship Juries as a supplement to ‘ordinary’decision making For complex decisions

5

Part I: who wants to organize one?

� Deliberative democrats - desire more inclusiveness, more discussion and real citizenship

� Juries as a supplement to ‘ordinary’ decision making

� For complex decisions that are socially controversial

� Here: River Dialogue and a Dutch province

Page 6: Citizens’Juries: an innovative tool for public ... gestió de l'aigua_archivos/jornada ai… · citizenship Juries as a supplement to ‘ordinary’decision making For complex decisions

6

Part II: the IJsselmeer

Page 7: Citizens’Juries: an innovative tool for public ... gestió de l'aigua_archivos/jornada ai… · citizenship Juries as a supplement to ‘ordinary’decision making For complex decisions

7

Part II: the Dutch citizens’ jury

� Jurors: 14 citizens from a town at the lake

� Witnesses: User groups of the lake

� Charge: Priorities for water quality policy

� The jury: Three days and three evenings

� Moderator: Strong role

� Decisions: No consensus necessary

Page 8: Citizens’Juries: an innovative tool for public ... gestió de l'aigua_archivos/jornada ai… · citizenship Juries as a supplement to ‘ordinary’decision making For complex decisions

8

Part II: Selection of jurors

� 2,000 invitations sent to random people

� Gender, age, education level and ethnicity

� Profession as a ‘negative’ criterion

Page 9: Citizens’Juries: an innovative tool for public ... gestió de l'aigua_archivos/jornada ai… · citizenship Juries as a supplement to ‘ordinary’decision making For complex decisions

9

Part III: empirical observations, response

� Positive response first 3%, second 6%

(internet panel 20% )

� Many men, 40+ years, and highly educated

� Adjustment through selection -> avoidance

of ‘professional’ public participants

Page 10: Citizens’Juries: an innovative tool for public ... gestió de l'aigua_archivos/jornada ai… · citizenship Juries as a supplement to ‘ordinary’decision making For complex decisions

10

Gender

0

20

40

60

80

Male Female

%

Respondents

Lelystad

Jurors

Age

0

10

20

30

40

20 –

29

30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 64 65 - 79 80 >

%

Respondents

Lelystad

Jurors

Education

0

20

40

60

80

Secondary-, Lower

vocat ional -, Intermediate

vocat ional education

Higher vocational

education

University

%

Respondents

Lelystad

Jurors

Right proportion of men

and women

The group was a bit too

old..

…and a bit too

smart

Part III: representativeness

Page 11: Citizens’Juries: an innovative tool for public ... gestió de l'aigua_archivos/jornada ai… · citizenship Juries as a supplement to ‘ordinary’decision making For complex decisions

11

Part III: representativeness

Provincial election

citizens’ jury

non-respondents

province

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

D66

VVDGL

CDA

SP

PVDA

CU

LPF

percentage

SGP

Provincial election

citizens’ jury

non-respondents

province

citizens’ jury

non-respondents

province

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

D66

VVDGL

CDA

SP

PVDA

CU

LPF

percentage

SGP

Page 12: Citizens’Juries: an innovative tool for public ... gestió de l'aigua_archivos/jornada ai… · citizenship Juries as a supplement to ‘ordinary’decision making For complex decisions

12

Part III: empirical observations, learning

� Interaction with witnesses enriches the process

� Jurors able to handle complex information

� High learning effect

Page 13: Citizens’Juries: an innovative tool for public ... gestió de l'aigua_archivos/jornada ai… · citizenship Juries as a supplement to ‘ordinary’decision making For complex decisions

13

Part III: cognitive maps

Fish yield, increase or decrease

_

Metals Mercury Aluminium Lead

_

"the quality of the

water in the

IJsselmeer"

_

pH Value

More sand extraction Clear water

More fish ±

+ + More birds

±

"The quality of the

water of the

IJsselmeer" +

No

professional

fisheries

_

More sludge

Water level down;

water warmer

Water level

up; water

colder

<- before the jury

after the jury->

Page 14: Citizens’Juries: an innovative tool for public ... gestió de l'aigua_archivos/jornada ai… · citizenship Juries as a supplement to ‘ordinary’decision making For complex decisions

14

Part III: empirical observations, policy

� Link with policy process is a difficult matter

� Cost effectiveness? 30,000-40,000 Euros

� Citizens’ jury does increase political

involvement

Page 15: Citizens’Juries: an innovative tool for public ... gestió de l'aigua_archivos/jornada ai… · citizenship Juries as a supplement to ‘ordinary’decision making For complex decisions

15

Part III: empirical observations

1

2

3

4

5

6

Inte

rest

Sel

f

conf

iden

ce

satis

fact

ion

Cyn

icis

m

Exp

edie

ncy

Ove

rall

polit

ical

invo

lvem

ent

Group 1 T0

Group 2 T0

Group 1 T1

Group 2 T1

1

2

3

4

5

6

Inte

rest

Sel

f

conf

iden

ce

satis

fact

ion

Cyn

icis

m

Exp

edie

ncy

Ove

rall

polit

ical

invo

lvem

ent

Group 1 T0

Group 2 T0

Group 1 T1

Group 2 T1

1

2

3

4

5

6

Inte

rest

Sel

f

conf

iden

ce

satis

fact

ion

Cyn

icis

m

Exp

edie

ncy

Inte

rest

Sel

f

conf

iden

ce

satis

fact

ion

Cyn

icis

m

Exp

edie

ncy

Ove

rall

polit

ical

invo

lvem

ent

Ove

rall

polit

ical

invo

lvem

ent

Group 1 T0

Group 2 T0

Group 1 T1

Group 2 T1

Group 1 T0

Group 2 T0

Group 1 T1

Group 2 T1

Page 16: Citizens’Juries: an innovative tool for public ... gestió de l'aigua_archivos/jornada ai… · citizenship Juries as a supplement to ‘ordinary’decision making For complex decisions

16

Part IV: proposition 1

“Jurors should be educated in

the technical issues that are

relevant for the matter at

hand”

Page 17: Citizens’Juries: an innovative tool for public ... gestió de l'aigua_archivos/jornada ai… · citizenship Juries as a supplement to ‘ordinary’decision making For complex decisions

17

Part IV: proposition 2

“Public authorities should be

bound by the recommendations

from citizens' juries”

Page 18: Citizens’Juries: an innovative tool for public ... gestió de l'aigua_archivos/jornada ai… · citizenship Juries as a supplement to ‘ordinary’decision making For complex decisions

18

Part IV: proposition 3

“Jurors should be allowed to

choose witnesses they want to

hear during the jury themselves”

Page 19: Citizens’Juries: an innovative tool for public ... gestió de l'aigua_archivos/jornada ai… · citizenship Juries as a supplement to ‘ordinary’decision making For complex decisions

19

Part IV: proposition 4

“The deliberative capacity of jurors

should be the basis for their

selection, rather than criteria like

age, gender and education level”