CITIZENS COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS -...

PSYCHIATRY’S BETRAYAL

A Public Service Report from Citizens Commission on Human Rights

CREATING RACISM

CCIITTIIZZEENNSS CCOOMMMMIISSSSIIOONN OONN HHUUMMAANN RRIIGGHHTTSS

The Citizens Commission on HumanRights (CCHR) was established in 1969 bythe Church of Scientology to investigateand expose psychiatric violations of humanrights, and to clean up the field of mentalhealing. Its co-founder is Dr. ThomasSzasz, professor of psychiatry emeritus andan internationally renowned author. Today,CCHR has more than 130 chapters in over30 countries. Its board of advisors, calledCommissioners, includes doctors, lawyers,educators, artists, business professionals,and civil and human rights representatives.

CCHR has inspired and caused manyhundreds of reforms by testifying beforelegislative hearings and conducting publichearings into psychiatric abuse, as well asworking with media, law enforcement andpublic officials the world over.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:CCHR International

6616 Sunset Blvd.Los Angeles, CA, USA 90028

Telephone: (323) 467-4242(800) 869-2247 • Fax: (323) 467-3720

www.cchr.orge-mail: [email protected]

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19137 CCHR Pamphlet - Racism 10/28/04 5:15 PM Page 2

behavior; high mercury levels in the body also maycause agitation; bad food or poor nutrition can createanxiety and other behavioral or mental problems.

The drugging of our children is only one aspect ofpsychiatry’s assault on minorities or other racial targets,and protecting our children requires great vigilancefrom all parents. But the psychiatric profession has afinancial interest in ensuring that racist ideas continueto influence our society. The way to ensure freedomfrom their consequences is to continue to identify andlimit the influence of the exact source of this social poi-son—psychiatrists and psychologists.

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RECOMMENDATIONS

1 If you do have a problem, talk to someone you trust– a parent, brother or sister, teacher, minister, or afriend. Get real help, not psychiatric and psycho-logical betrayal.

2 If anyone you know is exhibiting emotional prob-lems, a competent and caring non-psychiatricphysician needs to be found who will conduct athorough physical exam to determine whether anuntreated physical condition is the cause of theproblem.

3 If you are aware of a psychiatrist abusing a friendor family member, file a complaint with the policeagainst any offending psychiatrist and his or herhospital, associations and teaching institutions.CCHR can assist you.

1. “Report on Race and Disability: Racial Bias inArizona Special Education,” The Goldwater Institute,Mar. 2003.2. “Black Men ‘Failed’ by Mental Health System,” BBCNews, 13 Oct. 1999.3. Thomas Szasz, M.D., The Manufacture of Madness(Harper & Row, New York, 1970), p. 110.4. Samuel A. Cartwright, M.D., “Report on theDiseases and Physical Peculiarities of the NegroRace,” New Orleans & Surgical Journal, 1851.5. H.B. Fantham, “Some Factors in Eugenics,” TheSouth African Journal of Science, Vol. XXI, Nov. 1924, p. 409.6. A.L. Cureau, “Savage Man in Africa; A Study ofPrimitive Races in the French Congo,” translated by E.Andrews (Fisher Unwin, London, 1915) pp. 70-83.

7. Paul Popenoe, M.D., “Intelligence and Race—AReview of the Results of Army Intelligence Tests – II.The Negro,” Journal of Heredity, Vol. XIII, No. 7, July1922, pp. 295–98.8. J.T. Dunston, “Retarded and Defective Children:Native Mentality, Mental Testing,” PresidentialAddress, 12 July, 1923, p. 154.9. Dr. Thomas Röder, Volker Kubillus, Toby Burwell,Psychiatrists: The Men Behind Hitler (FreedomPublishers, CA, 1995), p.94, translated document ofDr. Ernst Rudin.10. “Apartheid and Health,” Part II, World HealthOrganization (Geneva), 1983, p. 230.11. “Report of the NSW Royal Commission into DeepSleep Treatment,” New South Wales, GovernmentPrinting Service, Dec. 1990.

PHOTO CREDITS: Cover: David Turnley/Corbis; 4: Bettman/Corbis; Corbis;6: Bettman/Corbis; 7: Bettman/Corbis.

© 2004 CCHR. All Rights Reserved. CITIZENS COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS, CCHR and the CCHR logoare trademarks and service marks owned by Citizens Commission on Human Rights. Printed in the U.S.A. Item#FLO 19137

Caution: No one should stop taking any psychiatric drug without the advice andassistance of a competent non-psychiatric medical doctor.

This publication was made possible by a grant from the United StatesInternational Association of Scientologists Members’ Trust.

MESSAGE FROM ISAAC HAYESPsychiatric programs and drugs have

ravaged our inner cities, helping to createcriminals of our young people, and allbecause psychiatrists and psychologistswere allowed to practice racist behavioralcontrol and experimentation in our schools,instead of leaving teachers to just teach.

CCHR has a commitment to improvingconditions in the mental health field byexposing abuses like this. That is why Ibecame a Commissioner of their organiza-tion and why I ask that you listen to whatthey have to say.

— Isaac Hayes, Academy Award-winning composer, musician, actor and a Commissioner

with the Citizens Commission on Human Rights International

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I n 2003, in response to today’s “mental slavery”—psychiatric labels and drugs—the NationalAssociation for the Advancement of Colored People

(NAACP) unanimously passed a resolution supportingU.S. legislation that would protect children from beingforced onto psychiatric drugs in schools. A properexamination must be performed to determine if an undi-agnosed physical problem is causing any child’sunwanted behavior.

The numerous factors that fit the “ADHD” criteria,but which can be accurately diagnosed as allergic reac-tions or vitamin/nutritional deficiencies, include: Highlevels of lead from the environment, which can placechildren at risk of both school failure and delinquent

CCHHAAPPTTEERR TTHHRREEEECREATING A

BETTER FUTURE

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IINNTTRROODDUUCCTTIIOONNCREATING RACISM

I n the U.S., African-American and Hispanicchildren in predominantly white school districts are classified as “learning disabled”

more often than Whites. This leads to millionsof minority children being hooked onto pre-scribed mind-altering drugs to “treat” this“mental disorder.” And yet,with early reading instruc-tion, the number of stu-dents so classified could bereduced by up to 70%.1

African-Americans andHispanics are also signifi-cantly over-represented inU.S. prisons.

In Britain, black malesare 10 times more likelythan white men to be diagnosed as “schizo-phrenic,” and more likely to be prescribed pow-erful psychotropic (mind-altering) drugs.2

Around the world, racial groups continueto come under assault. The effects are obvi-ous: poverty, broken families, ruined youth,and even genocide (deliberate destruction ofa race or culture). The truth is we will notfully understand racism until we recognizethat two largely unsuspected groups are fos-tering racism. These groups are psychiatryand psychology.

This publication is designed to raise aware-ness among individuals about this harmfulinfluence. Not only can racism be defeated, butthis is vital if man is to live in true harmony.

Jan Eastgate, President, Citizens Commission on Human Rights International

Psychiatry andpsychology’s racistideologies continueto light the fires ofracism locally andinternationally tothis day.

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Kutchins, co-author of Making Us Crazy,“Defenders of slavery, proponents of racialsegregation … have consistently attempted tojustify oppression by inventing new mental ill-nesses and by reporting higher rates of abnor-mality among African-Americans or otherminorities.”

Psychiatrists literally “vote” on whether ornot a group of symptoms should be considereda “mental disorder” for inclusion in the DSM.They have also dreamt up unproven theories,such as chemical imbalances in the brain, to jus-tify child drugging.There is no such thingas a chemical imbal-ance. Dr. Mary AnnBlock, author of NoMore ADHD, pointsout, “The psychiatristdoes not do any testing.The psychiatrist listensto the history and thenprescribes a drug.”

There are numer-ous side effects andrisks with the drugsprescribed for so-calledADHD. Ritalin, themain drug prescribed,is more potent thancocaine and classifiedby drug oversight agencies as being as harmfuland addictive as morphine and opium.

Fred Shaw, president of the Comptonbranch of the National Association for theAdvancement of Colored People (NAACP),who owns and manages group homes (alterna-tives to prisons) for boys, says: “Black teenagerswho are labeled as inferior, have been givensubstandard education and are told there issomething wrong with their brains whichrequires mind-altering ‘medication.’ They haveno hope and see no future. It’s a recipe forcrime and suicide.”

Black students are three times morelikely than whitestudents to belabeled mentallyretarded. While blackstudents account foronly 16% of the U.S.student population, they represent nearly32% of all studentsin programs for mildmental retardation.

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CCHHAAPPTTEERR OONNEETHE HISTORY OF

‘SCIENTIFIC’ RACISM

F or centuries, psychia-try and psychologyhave provided the

“scientific” justification forracism and the resultantabuse, assault and geno-cide of targeted races and groups.

In 1797, psychiatrist Benjamin Rush, the“father of American psychiatry,” declared that thecolor of Blacks was caused by a rare, inherited dis-ease called “Negritude,” which derived from lep-rosy. Rush said that the only evidence of a “cure”was when the skin color turned white. This “dis-ease” was used as a reason for segregation, so thatWhites would not be “infected.”3

In 1851, Samuel A. Cartwright, a white

For over 200 years, racist theories, such as those promoted by psychiatristBenjamin Rush (left) and psychologist FrancisGalton, have been used tojustify discrimination.

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ENSLAVING CHILDRENWITH DRUGS

For minorities, today’sSpecial Education meanscontinued, yet covert psy-chiatric racism. It is ameans for hooking

millions of children onto mind-altering psychi-atric drugs by labeling them with “learning disabilities.”

In an Internet article, Gary Orfield wrote:“The disproportionate placement of black malesinto special education classes has created a ‘ghettowithin a ghetto.’ For a lot of these kids, this is adirect path to jail. This is taking a bad problem andputting it inside another even worse problem. ”

Psychiatrists and psychologists use theAmerican Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic andStatistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) tojustify these abuses. According to Professor Herb

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More and more childrenare being diagnosed withADHD, a “disease” thathas never been clinicallyproven to exist, but aprofitable one for themental health industry.

Louisiana physician,claimed two mental dis-eases peculiar to Blackswhich justified theirenslavement. One wasdrapetomania, [drapetes, arunaway slave andmania, meaning crazy]and the other, dysaesthe-sia aethiopis [impairedsensation]. Dr. ThomasSzasz, professor of psy-chiatry emeritus wrote,“Cartwright claimed that[drapetomania] causedBlacks to have an uncon-trollable urge to run away from their ‘masters.’Cartwright’s recommended ‘treatment’ for this ‘ill-ness’ was ‘whipping the devil out of them.’”4

In 1883, Francis Galton, an English psycholo-gist, created the term “eugenics” from the Greekword, eugenes, meaning “good stock.” Heencouraged using “better” human stock fromwhich to breed, and discouraged what he consid-ered “less desirable” stock from having children.

In 1895, Alfred Ploetz, a Swiss-German psy-chiatrist, published his race inferiority theories inthe book The Fitness of Our Race and the Protection ofthe Weak. Calling his philosophy Rassenhygiene[racial hygiene], Ploetz discouraged medical carefor “the weak.”

This laid the foundation for eugenics andracial suppression in countries around the world.The following is a small sample of the disastrouseffects of his work—psychological and psychiatricstatements from the late 1800s to early 1900s:

❚ “The colored race has not the energy nor thepersistence of the white.”5

❚ “… education does not reach the deepestlayer of his soul” of the “The Negro child.”6

❚ In 1918, American eugenics advocate, Dr.Paul Popenoe claimed that the IQ of Blacks wasdetermined by the amount of “white blood” inthem. The lighter skinned the Black the highertheir IQ, and the blacker he was, the lower the IQ.7

Benjamin Rush, the“father of Americanpsychiatry” declared that the color of Blackswas caused by a rare,inherited disease called “Negritude,” whichderived from leprosy. He said the onlyevidence of a “cure”was when the skin color turned white.

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Los Angeles Neuropsychiatric Institute pro-posed a “Violence Initiative” that would seeto it that Blacks and Hispanics be treated with psychosurgery and chemical castra-tion—a plan prevented by CCHR and alliedorganizations.

In 1992, psychiatrist Frederick Goodwin,Director of the NIMH, compared black youth liv-ing in inner cities to “hyperaggressive” and“hypersexual” monkeys in a jungle. The NIMH’ssecond “Violence Initiative” targeted children asyoung as five to conduct research to see ifAfrican-Americansand Hispanics hada violent gene thatcould be controlledb y p s y c h i a t r i cdrugs.

Racist psychologist Hendrik Verwoerd (who became Prime Ministerof South Africa in 1958) issued that country’s first segregation policyin the 1930s, laying the groundwork for apartheid and with it, secretpsychiatric camps where tens of thousands of Blacks wereimprisoned and forced to work as “slave labor.”

“There is no place for[the Native] in theEuropean communityabove the level of certainforms of labor ... for thatreason it is of no avail forhim to receive training.”– Hendrik Verwoerd, South African Prime Minister

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❚ Dr. J.T. Dunston, a British psychiatrist andSouth Africa’s Commissioner of Mental Hygiene,in 1923, claimed, “…the native, even of the besttribes, possibly belongs to a race which is mental-ly inferior to ours.” His proof? Natives “generallyhave little idea of … the passage of time. Eventheir dancing, of which they are very fond, pre-sents no delicate motions—an importantpsychological point.”8

In Australia, “genocide” was practiced a littledifferently. Mixed race children (usually of anaboriginal mother and a white father) were takenfrom their mothers, placed on governmentreserves in the care of Whites, and denied educa-tion about their ancestry and culture. It wasracial genocide, an attempt to “breed out” theaboriginal race.

Native peoples in America and Canada, theNew Zealand Maori, and other non-white popu-lations were treated as similarly inferior as theJews and Gypsies in Nazi Germany. As authorFrancis Pal Prucha wrote in The Great Father,“Indian children were taken from homes judged

Lewis Terman

Paul Popenoe

Intelligence testing in thehands of psychiatrists andpsychologists becameanother means to forwardracist views of man. BiasedIQ testing was used exten-sively during the first half ofthe 20th century by eugeni-cist Paul Popenoe and psy-chologist Lewis Terman tobelittle non-white races.Popenoe claimed, “The IQof Blacks is determined bythe amount of ‘white’ bloodin them” and Terman assert-ed non-whites “could neverbe educated.”

SSCCIIEENNCCEE OOFF BBIIGGOOTTRRYY

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In 1997, CCHR presented testimony to theSouth African Truth and ReconciliationCommission about the psychiatric and psycho-logical apartheid crimes. The PsychologicalSociety of South Africa admitted that psycho-logical studies had been deliberately aimed atdiscrediting Blacks as intellectually inferior.

Psychiatrists, on theother hand, used thepost apartheid era togarner more business,diagnosing the responseof Blacks to apartheidoppression as a “perse-cution complex.”

DESTRUCTIVEEXPERIMENTS

Psychiatric “treat-ment” of minorities hasalso included some of

the most barbaric experi-ments. In the 1950s inNew Orleans, black pris-oners had experimentalelectrodes implantedinto their brains by psy-chiatrists Robert Heathfrom Tulane Universityand Harry Bailey from

Australia. Bailey later boasted that they hadchosen the test subjects on the basis that it was“cheaper to use Niggers than cats because they were everywhere and cheap experimentalanimals.”11

At the U.S. National Institute of MentalHealth (NIMH) Addiction Research Center inKentucky in the 1960s, healthy African-American men were used as test subjects for theexperimental chemical warfare drug, BZ, whichwas 100 times more powerful than LSD.

Following the 1960s riots in Watts (anAfrican-American section of Los Angeles),Louis Jolyon West of University of California

German psychiatrist EugenFischer, co-author of The

Principles of Human Heredityand Racial Hygiene (1921),

urged the destruction of “Negro”children, theorizing that Blacks

were devoid of value and uselessfor employment other than

for “manual crafts.”

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unsuitable or harmful to them by the Bureau ofIndian Affairs or state social workers and placedin foster or adoptive homes, usually non-Indian ... eventually [it] was perceived more accurately as a force destructive of Indian familiesand Indian children.”

Intelligence tests (IQ) were another means topromote and preserve racist theories. In the 1950s,psychologist Lewis Terman, an “expert” in IQ test-ing, claimed that poor children could never beeducated, and that Mexicans, Indians and Blacksshould never be allowed to have children.

As recently as 1994, Charles Murray andRichard Herrnstein’s book The Bell Curve arrogant-ly claimed that African-Americans and Hispanicsdo worse thanWhites in intelli-gence tests, are“genetically dis-abled” and there-fore cannot copewith the demandsof modern society.Herrnstein, a psy-chologist, advo-cated selectivebreeding to pre-v e n t h u m a n“residue” fromcoming into exis-tence.

Throughouttheir history ofinvented racial“diseases,” arbi-trary judgmentson “better stock”and bogus scien-tific claims like“lower IQ” and“racial inferiority,” psychiatry and psychologyhave not only legitimized 19th, 20th and 21stcentury racism, but also provided the reason foroutright genocide.

In 1851, Samuel A. Cartwright“discovered” a mental disease peculiarto Black slaves that he called“Drapetomania” — the urge for slavesto run away from their “masters.” The“treatment” prescribed was “whippingthe devil out of them.”

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CCHHAAPPTTEERR TTWWOOTHE ROOTS OF

MODERN GENOCIDE

devoid of value and useless for employment otherthan for “manual crafts.”

The first “killing test” (gassing experiment) wasconducted at Brandenburg psychiatric institution in1940; 18 patients were murdered while psychiatristsand staff watched. Following the experiment’s “suc-cess,” the euthanasia [killing] program began. What fol-lowed was the Holocaust. Rüdin stated: “Only throughthe Fuhrer did our dream of over thirty years, that ofapplying racial hygiene to society, become a reality.”9

APARTHEIDThe link between psychiatry, psychology and

apartheid is long-standing. South African PrimeMinister, Hendrik Verwoerd, a psychologist, hadstudied in German universities during the height ofthe Nazi psychiatrists’ racial hygiene planning. In1928, Verwoerd, with the help of psychologists fromAmerica’s Carnegie Foundation, instigated an inquirythat blamed white poverty on black competition inSouth Africa’s job market, stating that “... long-contin-ued contact with inferior colored races has in somerespects had [harmful] social effects on theEuropean.” His Nazi thinking was also obvious bythe fact that South Africa’s segregation law was verysimilar to the Nazi psychiatrists’ Racial Purity Lawbanning Aryans and non-Aryans from marrying.

Like Nazi labor camps, for more than 30 years,“special” psychiatric institutions were run by secretagreement between the South African governmentand the private Smith Mitchell & Co. (now“Lifecare”), to “treat” black patients. Tens of thou-sands of Blacks were incarcerated against their will,drugged and subjected to painful electroshock with-out anesthetic. They were hired out to companies toperform unpaid labor.

Members of the Church of Scientology and CCHRexposed this in 1975, reporting their evidence to theWorld Health Organization (WHO). In 1977, the WHOresponded with an investigation of the psychiatriccamps. In 1983, its report stated, “… in no other med-ical field in South Africa is the contempt of the person,cultivated by racism, more concisely portrayed than inpsychiatry.10… This situation … certainly does have aparallel in the ownership and trading of slaves.”

Theories of psychiatrists Ernst Rüdin, Alfred Ploetzand Alfred Hoche inspiredAdolf Hitler, who basedhis racist plans on theirteachings—as detailedin his autobiographyMein Kampf(My Struggle).

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L ong before World War II, German psychia-trists had devised the “scientific” justifica-tion for euthanasia (“mercy killing”) based

on “racial inferiority.” In 1911—22 years beforethe Nazi party came to power—psychiatristErnst Rüdin had already preached that “Allnations have to haul around with them an extra-ordinary large number of inferiors, weaklings,sickly and cripples. … Through a wise legislation[sterilization] … we would also be able to pursuerationally the best avenues for breeding.”

German psychiatrist Eugen Fischer, co-author of The Principles of Human Heredity andRacial Hygiene (1921), urged the annihilation of“Negro” children, claiming that Blacks were


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