Cisco - основы WDM
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Transcript of Cisco - основы WDM
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
xWDM?
, , OSNR
(EDFA), , FEC
PMD, FWM, SPM, XPM
DWDM-
/ /
: OADM / ROADM
-
xWDM?
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
Wavelength Division Multiplexing
WDM-
TX
TX
TX
TX
RX
RX
RX
RX
WDM
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5
, , :
850 , 1310 , 1550 , 1625
-
850 1310 1550 1625
l
C =x l
: l()
: ()
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6
ITU-T
()
() 1528.77 1578.23
0.4
1552.52
193.1
196.2 190.1
50
= = () =
O E S C L U l()
12
60
13
60
14
60
15
30
15
65
16
25
16
75
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7
DWDM CWDM
Dense WDM Coarse WDM
Long Haul, Metro Metro
88- 8-
l 0.4 20
3000 80
1528 1562 1270 1610
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8
()
()
,
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9
Bit Error Ratio (BER)
BER
, BER, BER
BER
DWDM- BER=1012
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10
=
2-3
, ,
,
(BER)
-
2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11
-
= -2
= -28
=
-2 -28
= 26
-2 (-28) = 26
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14
(Core) ,
(Cladding) .
(Coating)
250
:
125
8
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15
n2
n1
n2
n1
(1)
(MMF):
50 62,5
(SMF):
8
WDM-
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16
SMF (NDSF) G.652
>90%
DSF G.653
NZDSF G.655 -20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
1350 1390 1430 1470 1510 1550 1590 1630
DS NZDS+ NZDS- SMF
(
/
*
)
()
(2)
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17
1310
OK 1550
OK DWDM ( )
CWDM (>8 )
Extended Band
(G.652.C)
OK 1310
1550
DWDM (C + L Bands)
NZDSF
(G.655)
OK 1310
1550
DWDM (C-Band)
DSF
(G.653)
1310
OK 1550
OK DWDM ( )
SMF
(G.652)
(3)
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19
, , .
()
OSNR
OSNR
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 20
(/)
(CD)
()
/ (OSNR)
800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
Wavelength (nm)
0.2
0.5
2.0
Loss (dB/km)
L-b
an
d:1
565
1625n
m
C-b
an
d:1
5301565n
m
S-b
an
d:1
4601530n
m
800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
Wavelength (nm)
0.2
0.5
2.0
Loss (dB/km)
L-b
an
d:1
565
1625n
m
C-b
an
d:1
5301565n
m
S-b
an
d:1
4601530n
m
Time Slot
10Gb/s
2.5Gb/s Fiber
Fiber
Time Slot
10Gb/s
2.5Gb/s Fiber
Fiber
S+N
N
S+N
N
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21
()
()
()
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22
:
850 nm
1310 nm
1550 nm
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 23
800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
OH-
()
0.2 dB/Km
0.5 dB/Km
(
/
)
S-band:14601530
L-band:15651625
C-band:15301565
Hydroxyl ion absorption is the absorption in optical fibers of electromagnetic waves,
due to the presence of trapped hydroxyl ions remaining from water as a contaminant.
-
2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 24
(Microbends)
(Macrobends)
/
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 25
T T
P P
:
() = 10log10 (P /P)
: (/) = 10log10 (P/P)/L
: P () = 10log10(P / 1 )
P P
L ()
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 26
P P
P/P
: Gain = 10log10 P/P
: P/P = 2; Gain = 10log10 2 = 3
: Gain = 17 , P/P = 1017/10
= 50
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27
EDFA-
Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFA)
:
C-band: 1530 1565 L-band: 1605 1625
30
+27 , 500
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 28
980- 1480-
WDM
EDFA-
,
, 980 1480
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 29
980
~1u
1550
Energy = h*
+ =
1550
EDFA-
, . ,
Energy = h*
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 30
Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 2
, , (ISI),
/ (/*)
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 31
(DCF)
O-E-O
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 32
, (D>0), ,
(D
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 33
(DCF), ,
(2)
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 34
[/*]
[/]
(3)
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 35
/ OSNR (1)
OSNR,
OSNR ()
OSNR
()
()
OSNR = -----------------
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 36
/ OSNR (2)
EDFA-. C (ASE)
, OSNR
OSNR O-E-O
OSNR,
EDFA
(OSNR) (OSNR)
NF
Pin
(OSNR)out = 1
1 + h*f*B*NF
(OSNR)in Pin
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 37
/
G.709 Forwarding Error Correction (FEC)
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 38
/ G.709 Forwarding Error Correction (1)
G.709 Forwarding Error Correction (FEC)
FEC ,
38
25
40
80
1 7 8 14
15
16
17
38
24
1
2
3
4
OPU k Payload
OP
Uk O
H
OPUk Optical Channel Payload Unit
ODUk
ODUk Optical Channel Data Unit
Client Signal
Mapped in
OPUk Payload
Client Signal
OTUk
FEC
OTUk OH
OTUk Optical Channel Transport Unit
Alignm
Alignment
k Indicatesthe Order:
1 2.5G
2 10G
3 40G
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 39
/ G.709 Forwarding Error Correction (2)
, , ,
1011 1
1000 1
1001 1
0100 1
1100 0
1011 1
1000 1
1011 1
0100 1
1100 0
1 =
0 =
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 40
/ G.709 Forwarding Error Correction (3)
FEC OSNR
G.709 FEC OSNR 6.2 (BER 10-15)
FEC OSNR 8.4
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
BE
R
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
OSNR ()
EFEC = 8.4 dB
FEC = 6.2 dB
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 41
/ (1) 20-
,
,
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 42
/ (2)
100
~48
,
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
()
DWDM
DWDM
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 43
0
5
25
30
2.5G
0
28
1600 /
OSNR 21
SMF-28
120
0.25
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 44
0
20
25
9
+5
EDFA
9
+5
11
6
2.5G
0
28
1600 /
OSNR 21
SMF-28
120
0.25
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 45
EDFA
9
+5
11
6
2.5G
0
28
1600 /
OSNR 21
SMF-28
120
0.25
16.7 /*
0 /
334 /
1670 /
2004 /
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 46
DCF
1950 /
10
+0 334 /
20 1670 /
9 dBm
+ 5 0 /
25 2004 /
35 54 /
EDFA
9
+5
11
6
2.5G
0
28
1600 /
OSNR 21
SMF-28
120
0.25
16.7 /*
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 47
+0 334 /
20 1670 /
9
25 2004 /
15 54 /
EDFA 2
35
15
20
6
OSNR
16.9 dB
+ 5 0 /
OSNR
DCF
1950 /
10
2.5G
0
28
1600 /
OSNR 21
SMF-28
120
0.25
16.7 /*
OSNR
35 54 /
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 48
+0 334 /
20 1670 /
9
25 2004 /
15 54 /
EDFA 2
35
15
20
6
OSNR
16.9 dB
+ 5 0 /
OSNR
DCF
1950 /
10
2.5G
0
28
1600 /
OSNR 21
SMF-28
120
0.25
16.7 /*
RAMAN
5
0
OSNR
21.9 dB
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 49
+0 334 /
20 1670 /
9
25 2004 /
15 54 /
EDFA 2
35
15
20
6
OSNR
16.9 dB
+ 5 0 /
OSNR FEC
DCF
1950 /
10
2.5G
0
28
1600 /
OSNR (E-FEC) 12
SMF-28
120
0.25
16.7 /*
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 51
(PMD)
(FWM)
- (SPM, XPM)
Wavelength (nm)
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548
Po
wer
(dB
m)
Wavelength (nm)
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548
Wavelength (nm)
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548
Po
wer
(dB
m)
nx
nyEx
Ey
Pulse As it Enters the Fiber
Spreaded Pulse As
it Leaves the Fiber
nx
nyEx
Ey
Pulse As it Enters the Fiber
Spreaded Pulse As
it Leaves the Fiber
Power SP
M D
isto
rtio
n
Power SP
M D
isto
rtio
n
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 52
nx
ny
X Y. - , . .
PMD , CD
PMD (10 / )
Ex
Ey
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 53
, ,
(FWM)
l1 l2 l3
f113 f112
f123
f213
f223 f132
f312
f221 f332
f321
f231
f331
Input Power = +4 dBm/ch 5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
()
1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548
(
)
: CD
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 54
(SPM)
, , . , .
SPM + Dispersion < 0 SPM + Dispersion > 0
-
2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 55
- (XPM)
XPM
,
XPM , ,
XPM
XPM
XPM c XPM
-
2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 56
2.5 /
FEC
-
DWDM-
-
2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 58
DWDM-
,
,
- (OADM)
OADM (R-OADM)
, ,
-
2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 59
O-E-O
850, 1310, 1550 15xx.xx
Tx
Rx
G.709
DWDM-
ITU-T
-
2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 60
ITU-T
O-E-O
850, 1310, 1550 nm 15xx.xx
Tx
Rx
G.709
DWDM-
-
2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 61
1
2
3
N
N
1
2
3
N
DWDM-
1, 2, .N
DWDM-
-
2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 62
1 drop
1Ch OADM
1 add
DWDM- -
Rx Tx
-
2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 63
ROADM
West
ROADM
East
R-OADM
Line
West Line
East
Add/Drop
West Add/Drop
East
R-OADM ( /) /
, R-OADM 2- , /
DWDM- OADM (R-OADM)
-
2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 64
l3
80/20
80/20
l1 l3
(Pass-through/Add/Block)
DWDM
DWDM
l1
drop block block drop
drop block block drop
Add
Pass
Add
Pass
Pass
Pass
Add
Add
(Pass-through/Add/Block)
l1 l3
DWDM- R-OADM
l1
l1
l3
l1
l3
l3
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 65
2-Degree R-OADM (R-OADM 2- )
/
Multi-Degree R-OADM (R-OADM )
/
(Mesh)
RO
AD
M
(West)
RO
AD
M
(East)
PP-MESH
ROADM
(Side B)
DWDM- 2-Degree Multi-Degree R-OADM
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2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 66
A
B
C
D PP-MESH-4 WXC
MUX
DMX
B
P
WX
C
MU
X
DM
X
B
P
WXC
MUX
DMX
P
B
WX
C
MU
X
DM
X
P
B
DWDM- 4-Degree R-OADM
-
2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 67
DWDM- 4-Degree Broadcast & Select
WXC
MUX
DMX
B
P
A
B
C
D PP-MESH-4
1D 2D 3D 4D 80D ...
1A 2A 3A 4A 80A ...
1C 2C 3C 4C 80C ...
1 2 3 4 80 ...
-
2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 68
DWDM- 8-Degree R-OADM
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
8-Degree
Patch Panel WXC
MUX
DMX
B
P
WX
C
MU
X
DM
X
B
P
WXC
MUX
DMX
P
B
WX
C
MU
X
DM
X
P
B
-
2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 69
. West, .
DCU
AMP-C
AMP-C
ROADM
AMP-C
DCU
AMP-C
ROADM
West East
Directional DWDM
DCU
AMP-C
AMP-C
ROADM
AMP-C
DCU
AMP-C
West East
Omni-Directional DWDM
DWDM- Omni-Directional R-OADM
-
2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 70
DCU
AMP-C
AMP-C
ROADM
AMP-C
DCU
AMP-C
ROADM
West East
Color-Specific DWDM
DCU
AMP-C
AMP-C
ROADM
AMP-C
DCU
AMP-C
West East
Colorless DWDM
DCU
AMP-C
AMP-C
ROADM
AMP-C
DCU
AMP-C
West East
Omni-Directional & Colorless
DWDM- Colorless R-OADM
, . 1 1, 2 2
Colorless
, Colorless/Omni-Directional
, DWDM-
-
2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 71
(EDFA)
(VOA)
(DCM/DCU)
DWDM- EDFA, VOA, DCU
-
2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 72
VOA
EDFA
DCM
VOA
EDFA
EDFA
VOA
EDFA
DCU
VOA
OSC OSC
OSC OSC
DWDM-
-
2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 73
EDFA Terminal Terminal OADM
(Linear)
Hub
OADM
EDFA
(Open Ring)
EDFA
(Ring)
Amplified OADM
OADM
ROADM
Multidegree
ROADMs
(Mesh)
ROADM
DWDM
-
2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 74
-
2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 75