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Americas Headquarters
Cisco Systems, Inc.170 West Tasman DriveSan J ose, CA 95134-1706USAhttp://www.cisco.com
Tel: 408 526-4000800 553-NETS (6387)
Fax: 408 527-0883
Cisco Cable M odem Terminat ion SystemFeature Guide
October 2007
Text Part Number: OL-1467-08
http://www.cisco.com/http://www.cisco.com/
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THE SPECIFICATIONS AND INFORMATION REGARDING THE PRODUCTS IN THIS MANUAL ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. ALL
STATEMENTS, INFORMATION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS IN THIS MANUAL ARE BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE BUT ARE PRESENTED WITHOUT
WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. USERS MUST TAKE FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR APPLICATION OF ANY PRODUCTS.
THE SOFTWARE LICENSE AND LIMITED WARRANTY FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PRODUCT ARE SET FORTH IN THE INFORMATION PACKET THAT
SHIPPED WITH THE PRODUCT AND ARE INCORPORATED HEREIN BY THIS REFERENCE. IF YOU ARE UNABLE TO LOCATE THE SOFTWARE LICENSEOR LIMITED WARRANTY, CONTACT YOUR CISCO REPRESENTATIVE FOR A COPY.
The Cisco implementation of TCP header compression is an adaptation of a program developed by the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) as part of UCB’s public
domain version of the UNIX operating system. All rights reserved. Copyright © 1981, Regents of the University of California.
NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER WARRANTY HEREIN, ALL DOCUMENT FILES AND SOFTWARE OF THESE SUPPLIERS ARE PROVIDED “AS IS” WITH
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WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOST PROFITS OR LOSS OR DAMAGE TO D ATA ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS MANUAL, EVEN IF CISCO
OR ITS SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
Any Internet Protocol (IP) addresses used in this document are not intended to be act ual addresses. Any examples, command display output, and figures included in the
document are shown for illustrati ve purposes only. Any use of actual IP addresses in illustrative content is unintenti onal and coincidental.
Cisco Cable Modem Termination System Feature Guide
© 2001-2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CCSP, the Cisco Square Bridge logo, Follow Me Browsing, and StackWise are trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc.; Changing the Way We Work, Live, Play, and Learn, and iQuick
Study are service marks of Cisco Systems, Inc.; and Access Registrar, Aironet, ASIST, BPX, Catalyst, CCDA, CCDP, CCIE, CCIP, CCNA, CCNP, Cisco, the Cisco Certified
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are registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United States and certain other countries.
All other trademarks mentioned in this document or Website are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship
between Cisco and any other company. (0501R)
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C O N T E N T S
Preface xxv
Purpose xxv
Audience xxvi
Document Organization xxvi
Conventions xxix
Terms and Acronyms xxx
Related Documentation xxx
Cisco uBR Series Documentat ion xxx
Additi onal Documentation Resources xxxi
Obtaining Documentati on, Obtaining Support, and Security Guidelines xxxi
C H A P T E R 1 Admission Control for the Cisco Cable ModemTermination System 1
Contents 2
Prerequisites for A dmission Control for t he Cisco CM TS 2
Restrictions f or Admission Control on t he Cisco CM TS 2
Caveats 3
Open Caveats for A dmi ssion Control in Cisco IOS Release 1 2.3(13a)BCBC 3
Overview of Adm ission Control for t he Cisco CM TS 5
Admission Control and Cisco Universal Broadband Routers 6
Admission Control on the Cisco uBR10012 Universal Broadband Router 6
Admission Control on the Cisco uBR7246VXR Universal Broadband Router 6
Admission Control and M emory Requirements f or the Cisco CM TS 6
Admission Control and Cisco CM TS Resources 6
Admission Control and CPU Utili zation 8
Admission Control and M emory Utilization 8
Admission Control and Upstream or Downstream Bandwidth Utilization 8Thresholds for Upstream or Downstream Bandwidth 8
Exclusive and Non-Exclusive Bandw idth Thresholds 9
Admission Control and Downstream Bandwidth 9
Admission Control and Upstream Bandwidth 9
Precedence of the Configurati on Commands 10
Admission Control and Addit ional Features on the Cisco CM TS 10
Admission Control and High Availabi lity Features 10
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Admission Control and Load Balancing 11
Admission Control and Spectrum M anagement 12
How to Configure Admission Control for the Cisco CM TS 12
Enabling A dmission Control f or Event Types 13
Prerequisites 13
Examples 14
W hat to Do Next 14
Configuring Admission Control Based on CPU Util ization 15
Prerequisites 15
Configuring A dmission Control Based on M emory Resources 16
Prerequisites 16
Validity Checks for Bandwidt h Admission Control 18
Configuring Admission Control Based on Downstream Bandwidth 18
Prerequisites 19Example of Adm ission Control for Dow nstream Traffic 20
Configuring A dmission Control Based on Upstream Bandw idth 22
Prerequisites 23
Example of A dmission Control w ith Upstream Traffi c Types 29
W hat to Do Next 32
Calculating Upstream and Downstream Bandwidth Utilization 32
How to Troubleshoot Admission Control for the Cisco CM TS 33
Debugging Admission Control for Dif ferent Event Types 33
Debugging Admission Control for CPU Resources 33
Debugging Admission Control for M emory Resources 34
Debugging Admission Control for Downstream Bandwidth 34
Debugging Admission Control for Upstream Throughput 34
Configuration Examples of A dmission Control for t he Cisco CM TS 35
Example of Admission Control in N on-shared Configurat ion 35
Example of A dmission Control in Shared Configurati on w ith Best Effort Traffic 36
Example of A dmission Control in Shared Configurati on w ithout Best Effort Traffic 36
Admission Control M IB Specifications for t he Cisco CM TS 37
Compliance, Conformance, and Capabilit y Information f or Admission Control 38
Compliance Statem ents for Adm ission Control 38
M IB Units of Conformance for Admission Control 38
M IB Capabilit y Statements f or Admission Control on the Cisco CM TS 40
Object Identif iers for Admission Control M IBs 40
Textual Conventions for Adm ission Control M IBs 40
M IB Objects in the Adm ission Control Group 42
Notifications for Admission Control 42
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CISCO-CABLE-AD M ISSION-CTRL-M IB 42
ciscoCableAdmCtrlM IB M odule 43
Revision History 43
M IB Module Constraints 43
M IBs and M IB Objects for PacketCable and PCM M w ith Adm ission Control 43
CISCO-CABLE-PACKETCABLE-M IB 43
CISCO-DOCS-EXT-M IB 44
CISCO-CABLE-PACKETCABLE-M IB M odu le 44
Revision History 44
Cisco DOCSIS PacketCable M IB Not ifi cati ons 45
Admission Control Conformance Statement Object Identifiers for PacketCable 46
M IB Objects for Configuration of CPU and M emory Resources 46
M IB Objects for Configuration of Upstream Channel Usage 48
M IB Objects for Configurati on of Downstream Bandw idth Usage 50M IB Objects for Configuration of A dmission Control Event History 52
M IB Objects for M onitoring CPU and M emory Utilization 53
M IB Objects for M onitoring Upstream Channel Bandwidt h Utilization 54
M IB Objects for M onitoring Downstream Bandw idth Uti l ization 56
Admission Control M ethods 57
Admission Control Dampening for CPU and M emory Resources 57
Truth Table for Admi ssion Control 58
Additional References 59
Related Document s 59
MIBs 60
Technical Assistance 60
C H A P T E R 2 Cable Duplicate MAC Address Reject for the Cisco CMTS 1
Contents 2
Prerequisites for Cable Duplicate M AC Address Reject 2
Restricti ons for Cable Duplicate M AC Address Reject 2
Informati on About Cable Duplicate M AC Address Reject 3
BPI+ Security and Cloned Cable M odems 3
Logging of Cloned Cable M odems 3
Enfo rcing DOCSIS BPI+ Compl iance w it h Layer 2 Loggin g on the Cisco CM TS 4
System M essages Supporting Cable Duplicate M AC Address Reject 5
Command Reference 7
Addit ional Information 9
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C H A P T E R 3 Cable Interface Bundling and Virtual Interface Bundling for the Cisco CMTS 1
Contents 2
Cable Interface Bundling f or the Cisco CM TS 3
Prerequisites f or Cable Bundling 3Restrictions for Cable Bundling 3
Informati on About Cable Bundling 4
Benefits 4
Configuring Cable Bundling 5
Prerequisites 5
Restrictions 5
M onitoring Cable Interface Bundling 8
show running-config interface cable Command 8
show cable bundle 9
Configurati on Examples for Cable Interface Bundling 10
Basic Cable Interf ace Bundling Example 10
Virtual Interface Bundling for the Cisco CM TS 11
Overview of Virtual Interface Bundling 12
Guidelines for Virtual Interface Bundling 13
Virtual Interface Bundle-aware and Bundle-unaw are Support 13
M ulticast Support for IGM Pv3 SSM and Virtual Interface Bundling 14
M igrating Bundle Informat ion During a Cisco IOS Upgrade 14
Configuring Virtual Interface Bundling 15
W hat Next 18M onitoring Virtual Interface Bundling 18
Examples of Virtual Interface Bundling 18
Show Commands for Virtual Interface Bundling 19
Additional References 24
Related Document s 24
Standards 25
MIBs 26
RFCs 26
Technical Assistance 26
C H A P T E R 4 Cable Monitor and Intercept Featuresfor the Cisco CMTS 1
Contents 2
Prerequisites 2
Restrictions f or Cable M onitor and Intercept 2
Informati on About Cable M onitor and Intercept 3
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Overview of the cable intercept Command 3
Overview of the cable monit or Command 4
Overview of CISCO-TAP-M IB 5
Benefits 6
How to Configure Cable Intercept and M onitoring Features 7
Configuring the Cable Intercept Feature 7
Configuring t he Cable M onitor Feature 9
M onitoring the Cable Intercept and Mon itor Features 11
Displaying Information About Intercepted Traffic 11
Displaying Information About M onitored Traff ic 11
Configuration Examples 12
Cable Intercept Examples 12
Cable Intercept Configurati on Example 12
Cable M onitor Examples 12
Cable M onitor Configuration Example (M AC Address) 12
Cable M onitor Configurat ion Example (Ethernet, M AC-Layer, and DOCSIS-Data Packets) 12
Cable M onit or DOCSIS Data Packets Exampl e 13
Cable M onitor Timestam ped Packets Example 13
Additional References 15
Related Document s 15
Standards 16
MIBs 16
RFCs 16Technical Assistance 16
C H A P T E R 5 COPS Engine Operation on the Cisco CMTS 1
Contents 1
Prerequi sites f or th e COPS Engine o n the Cisco CM TS 2
Restricti ons for t he COPS Engine o n the Cisco CM TS 2
Information About the COPS Engine on the Cisco CM TS 2
How to Configure the COPS Engine on the Cisco CM TS 3
Configuri ng COPS TCP and DSCP M arking 3Configuri ng COPS TCP W indow Size 5
Examples 5
Configuring Access Control List Support for COPS Engine 6
W hat To Do Next 6
Displayi ng and Verifyin g COPS Engin e Conf igurat ion on the Cisco CM TS 7
Show Commands for COPS Engine Inform ation 8
Displaying COPS Servers on the N etw ork 8
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Displaying COPS Policy Information on the Net w ork 8
Displayi ng Access Lists f or COPS 8
Debuggi ng the COPS Engine o n the Cisco CM TS 9
Debuggi ng COPS for PacketCable 9
Debugging PacketCable Gate Control 9
Debugging PacketCable Subscribers 9
Displaying Enabled Debug Functions 10
COPS Engine Configura ti on Examples fo r Cable 11
COPS Server Specif ied Exampl e 11
COPS Server Display Exampl es 11
Additional References 12
Related Document s 12
Standards 12
MIBs 12RFCs 13
Technical Assistance 13
Command Reference 14
C H A P T E R 6 Cisco Cable ModemTermination SystemFeature Guide 1
Contents 2
Prerequi site s f or DHCP, ToD, and TFTP Services 2
Restricti ons f or DHCP, ToD, and TFTP Services 2
Inform ati on A bout DHCP, ToD, and TFTP Services 3
Feature Overview 3
Intern al DHCP Server 4
DHCP Field Option s 4
DHCP Securit y Options 5
M ultiple DHCP Pools 6
Externa l DHCP Servers 6
Cable Source Verify Feature 6
Smart Relay Feature 7
Giaddr Field 7
Time-of-Day Server 7
TFTP Server 9
Benefits 10
How to Configure DHCP, ToD, and TFTP Services 11
Configuri ng DHCP Service 11
Creating and Configuring a DHCP Address Pool for Cable M odems 11
Creating an d Configu ring a DHCP Address Pool for CPE Devices (opti onal) 15
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Configuring Time-of-Day Service 17
Prerequisites 18
Enabling Time-of-Day Service 18
Disabling Time-of -Day Service 19
Configuri ng TFTP Service 20
Configuring A Basic All-in-One Configuration (optional) 23
Configuring an Advanced All-in-One Configuration (optional) 23
Optimizing the Use of an External DHCP Server 24
Configuring Cable Source Verify Option (optional) 24
Restrictions 24
Configuring Optional DHCP Parameters (optional) 26
Configuring the DHCP M AC Address Exclusion List for t he cable-source verify dhcpCommand 29
Configuration Examples 30DHCP Server Exampl es 30
DHCP Pools fo r Cable M odem s 31
DHCP Pools for Disabling Cable M odems 32
DHCP Pools f or CPE Devi ces 32
ToD Server Exampl e 33
TFTP Server Example 33
Basic All-in-One Configuration Example 34
Advanced All-i n-One Configurati on Example 38
Additional References 43
Related Document s 43
Standards 45
MIBs 46
RFCs 46
Technical Assistance 46
C H A P T E R 7 DOCSIS 1.1 for the Cisco CMTS 1
Contents 2
Prerequisites for DOCSIS 1.1 Operations 2
Restrictions for DOCSIS 1.1 Operations 3
Information about DOCSIS 1.1 6
Feature Overview 6
Baseline Privacy Interface Plus 6
Concatenation 7
Dynamic M AC M essages 7
Enhanced Quality of Service 7
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Fragmentation 8
Interoperability 8
Payload Header Suppression 8
DOCSIS 1.1 Quali ty of Service 8
Service Flow 9
Service Class 9
Packet Classifiers 10
Packet Header Suppression Rules 11
Quality of Service Comparison 12
Benefits 14
How to Configure t he Cisco CM TS for DOCSIS 1.1 Operations 15
Configuring Baseline Privacy Interface (optional) 16
Prerequisites 16
Dow nloading t he DOCSIS Root Certificat e to the CM TS (required) 19Adding a M anufacturer’s Certificate as a Trusted Certif icate (optional) 22
Adding a Certificate as a Trusted Certifi cate Using the Command Line Interface 22
Adding a Certificate as a Trusted Certifi cate Using SNM P Commands 23
Adding a M anufacturer’s or CM Certif icate to the Hotlist (required) 24
Adding a Certificate t o the Hotlist Using the Command Line Interface 25
Adding a Certifi cate to the Hotli st Using SNM P Commands 26
Enabling Concatenation (optional) 27
Enabling DOCSIS Fragmentation (optional) 28
Using Enhanced Rate Bandw idth Allocation (ERBA) Support for DOCSIS 1.0 Cable M odems 30
Configuring Dow nstream ERBA Settings for DOCSIS 1.0 Cable M odems 30
Enabling DOCSIS 1.1 Dow nstream M aximum Transmit Burst on the Cisco uBR10012 Router w ithPRE2 M odule s 33
M onitoring DOCSIS Operations 35
M onitoring the DOCSIS Net w ork 35
Displaying the Status of Cable M odems 35
Displaying a Summary Report for t he Cable M odems 38
Displaying the Capabiliti es of the Cable M odems 39
Displaying Detailed Information A bout a Particular Cable M odem 39
M onitoring the RF Net w ork and Cable Interfaces 40Displaying Informat ion About the M ac Scheduler 41
Displaying Information A bout QoS Parameter Sets 41
Displaying Information About Service Flow s 42
Displaying Information About Service IDs 43
M onitoring BPI+ Operations 44
Displaying the Current BPI+ State of Cable M odems 45
Displaying the BPI+ Timer Values on the CM TS 46
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Displaying the Certif icate List on the CM TS 47
Command Summary 48
Configuration Examples for DOCSIS 1.1 Operations 49
DOCSIS 1.1 Confi gurat ion f or Cisco uBR7246VXR Rout er (w ith out BPI+) 49
DOCSIS 1.1 Confi gurat ion f or Cisco uBR7246VXR Route r (wi th BPI+) 51
DOCSIS 1.1 Configuration for Cisco uBR10012 Router (with BPI+) 55
Additional References 59
Related Document s 59
Standards 60
MIBs 61
RFCs 61
Technical Assistance 61
C H A P T E R 8 DOCSIS 2.0 A-TDMA Modulation Profiles for the Cisco CMTS 1
Contents 2
Prerequi site s for DOCSIS 2.0 A-TDM A Services 2
Restrictions for DOCSIS 2.0 A-TDM A Services 3
Informati on About DOCSIS 2.0 A-TDM A services 4
Feature Overview 4
M odes of Operation 5
M odulation Profi les 7
Benefits 8
How to Confi gure DOCSIS 2.0 DOCSIS 2.0 A-TDM A Services 9
Creating Modulation Profiles 9
Creating a TDMA M odulation Profi le 9
Creating a M ixed M ode M odulation Profi le 10
Creating an A-TDMA M odulation Profi le 12
Configuring the DOCSIS M ode and Profile on an Upstream 14
How to M onitor the DOCSIS 2.0 A-TDM A services Feature 17
Displaying M odulation Profiles 17
Displaying Cable M odem Capabilities and Provisioning 18
Configuration Examples for DOCSIS 2.0 A-TDM A services 19Creating M odulation Profiles Examples 19
DOCSIS 1.0/ DOCSIS 1.1 TDM A M odulation Profiles 19
Mixed TDMA/A-TDMA Modulation Profi les 19
DOCSIS 2.0 A-TDM A M odulation Profiles 20
Assigning M odulation Profiles to Upstreams Examples 21
Assigning DOCSIS 1.0/ DOCSIS 1.1 TDM A M odulation Profiles 21
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Assigning M ixed TDM A/ A-TDM A M odulation Profi les 22
Assigning DOCSIS 2.0 A-TDM A M odulation Profiles 23
Additional References 25
Related Document s 25
Standards 26
MIBs 26
RFCs 26
Technical Assistance 27
Command Reference 27
C H A P T E R 9 DOCSIS Internal Configuration File Generator for the Cisco CMTS 1
Contents 1
Prerequisites f or th e Internal DOCSIS Configurati on File Generator 2
Restrictions for t he Internal DOCSIS Configurati on File Generator 2
Informati on About the Internal DOCSIS Configurati on File Generator 3
Feature Overview 3
DOCSIS Configuration File Commands 4
Benefits 5
Related Features 5
How to Use t he Internal DOCSIS Configurati on File Generator 5
Creating and Configuring a DOCSIS Configuration File 6
Specifying SNM P M IB Objects (Option 11) 10
Specifying M ult iple SNM P M anagers and Community Strings 10
Specifyi ng an LLC Filt er 12
Specifying a Filter t o Block M icrosoft N etBIOS Netw orking and File-Sharing Traffic 13
Specifying Vendor-Specific Inf ormation Fields (Option 43) 17
Specifying the Dow nload of a Cisco IOS Configuration File 18
Typical H.323 VoIP Configuration 18
Configuri ng th e Router’s Onboar d TFTP Server 20
Configuration Examples for the Internal DOCSIS Configurati on File Generator 22
Platinum.cm 22
Platinum .cm w ith BPI Enabled 22Disable.cm 22
Configuration Files and DHCP Server Configuration 23
Additional References 24
Related Document s 24
Standards 24
MIBs 25
RFCs 25
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Technical Assistance 25
C H A P T E R 10 EtherChannel for the Cisco Cable ModemTermination System 1
Contents 2
Prerequisites f or EtherChannel on the Cisco CM TS 2
Restrictio ns for EtherChannel on the Cisco CM TS 3
Information About EtherChannel on t he Cisco CM TS 3
Introduction t o EtherChannel on t he Cisco CM TS 3
Cisco FastEtherChannel (FEC) and GigabitEtherChannel (GEC) on the Cisco uBR7246VXR Router 4
Cisco Gigabit EtherChannel (GEC) on t he Cisco uBR10012 Rout er 4
How to Configure EtherChannel on the Cisco CM TS 5
Configuri ng FEC or GEC Ether Channel on the Cisco CM TS 5
Prerequisites 5
Restrictions 5
Examples 7
Troubleshooting Tips 7
W hat to Do Next 8
Verifying EtherChannel on the Cisco CM TS 8
Configurati on Examples f or EtherChannel on the Cisco CM TS 8
Additional References 12
Related Document s 12
Standards 14
MIBs 14
Technical Assistance 14
Command Reference for EtherChannel on the Cisco CM TS 15
C H A P T E R 11 Flap List Troubleshooting for the Cisco CMTS 1
Contents 1
Prerequisites f or Flap List Troubleshooting 2
Restrictio ns for Flap List Troubleshooting 2
Information About Flap List Troubleshooting 2
Feature Overview 2
Information in the Flap List 3
Cisco Cable M anager and Cisco Broadband Troubleshooter 4
Benefits 5
How to Configure Flap List Troubleshooting 5
Configuring Flap List Operation Using the CLI (optional) 5
Clearing the Flap List and Counters Using the CLI (optional) 7
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Enabling or Disabling Pow er Adjustm ent Using t he CLI (optional) 8
Configuring Flap List Operation Using SNM P (optional) 11
Clearing t he Flap List and Counters Using SNM P (optional) 11
How to M onitor and Troubleshoot Using Flap Lists 12
Displaying the Flap List Using the show cable flap-list Command 12
Displaying the Flap List Using the show cable m odem fl ap Command 16
Displaying the Flap List Using SNM P 16
Displaying Flap-List Information fo r Specifi c Cable M odems 17
Troubleshooting Suggestions 19
Troubleshooting Tips 19
Performing Amplitude Averaging 19
Using Other Related Commands 20
Configuration Examples for Flap List Troubleshooting 21
Additional References 22
Related Document s 22
Standards 23
MIBs 24
RFCs 24
Technical Assistance 24
C H A P T E R 12 MaximumCPE and Host Parameters for the Cisco CMTS 1
Contents 1
Informati on About t he M AX CPE and Host Parameters 2M AX CPE 3
M AX CPE IP 3
M AX Host 4
Specifying M AX Host and M AX CPE Values 5
Specifying an Unlimited Value for M ax Host 5
Interoperation of the M aximum CPE Parameters 5
Possible Conflicts Betw een Parameters 7
Summa ry of CPE Addre ss Cont rol 8
Benefits 8
How to Configure the M AX CPE and Host Parameters 9
Configuring the M AX CPE Parameter on the Cisco CM TS 9
Configuring t he M AX Hosts Parameter f or a Cable Interface 11
Configuring t he M AX Hosts Parameter f or a Particular Cable M odem 12
Configuration Examples for the M AX CPE and Host Parameters 13
Sample Outputs 13
Additional References 15
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Related Document s 15
Standards 15
MIBs 16
Technical Assistance 16
C H A P T E R 13 N+1 Redundancy for the Cisco Cable ModemTermination System 1
Contents 4
Prerequisites 5
Restrictio ns and Limit ations 5
General N+1 Redundancy Restrictions and Limitations 5
N+1 Redundancy Restrictions and Requirements for the Cisco uBR7246VXR Router 6
N+1 Redundancy Restrictions and Requirements f or t he Cisco uBR10012 Router 6
Information About N +1 Redundancy and the Cisco Universal Broadband CM TS 9
The Components and Terminology of N +1 Redundancy 9
N+1 Redundancy on the Cisco uBR10012 Universal Broadband Router 10
N+1 Redundancy on the Cisco uBR7246VXR Universal Broadband Router 13
N+1 Redundancy and the Cisco RF Switches 14
IF M uting on the Cisco CM TS for non-SNM P-capable Upconverters 17
Restrictions for IF M uting 18
Requirements for IF M uting 19
DSX M essages and Synchronized PHS Information 19
High Availabilit y Support for Encrypted IP M ulticast 19
M anual RF Sw itch Configuration Tasks for N+1 Redundancy 20Configuring the Cisco RF Swi tch f or N+1 Redundancy 20
Creating Cisco RF Swi tch M odule Bitmaps 23
Global N+1 Line Card Redundancy 26
Configuring the Cisco uBR10012 Universal Broadband Router for Global N+1 Line CardRedundancy 27
Default Line Card and Bitm ap Settings o n the Cisco RF Sw itch f or Global 7+1 Line CardRedundancy 28
Changing Def ault RF Sw itch Subslots for N +1 Line Card Redundancy 28
Displaying Global N +1 Line Card Redundancy Configuration 28
Configuri ng DHCP on the Cisco uBR10012 Universal Broad band Router to A ssign IP Addre sses on theCisco RF Sw itch 29
Using Optional RF Sw itch Setti ngs w ith Global N +1 Redundancy 30
Using Line Card Sw itchover and Revertback Commands for Global N+1 Redundancy 31
Using HCCP Lock and Unlock fo r Global N +1 Redundancy 31
How to Configure N+1 Redundancy on the Cisco CM TS 31
Preconfiguring HCCP Protect Interfaces for N+1 Redundancy 33
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Operating DHCP wit h t he Cisco RF Sw itch 35
Configuri ng HCCP Groups for Legacy N +1 Line Card Redunda ncy 36
Enabling HCCP Protect Interfaces for N+1 Redundancy 38
Configuri ng Global HCCP 4+1 and 7+1 Line Card Redundancy on the Cisco uBR10012 Router 39
Prerequisites 39
Restrictions 40
Examples 42
W hat to Do Next 43
Enabling the HCCP Switchover Enhancements Feature 43
Virtual Interface Bundling 44
Prerequisites for Enabling the HCCP Switchover Enhancements Feature 45
M aintaini ng Online Cable M odem Service W hen Removing HCCP Configuration from W orking HCCPInterfaces 45
Shutting Dow n HCCP Protect Interfaces 45
Locking out HCCP Interface Switchover 46
Removing HCCP Configura ti on fr om HCCP Wo rking or HCCP Prote ct Int erfa ces 47
Sw itchover Testing Tasks for N+1 Redundancy 48
Pre-testing System Check Procedures 49
Displayi ng HCCP Group Stat us on the Cisco CM TS 49
Displaying HCCP Working and HCCP Protect Interface Status 51
Displaying Cisco RF Sw itch M odule Status on the Cisco RF Sw itch 52
Sw itchover Testing Procedures 53
Testing Cisco RF Swi tch Relays w ith M anual Swi tchover 53
Testing HCCP Groups w ith M anual Sw itchover 55
Using the show cable modem Command After a M anual Switchover 55
Background Path Testing f or HCCP N+1 Redundancy on t he Cisco uBR10012 Universal Broa dbandRouter 56
Configuration Examples for Cisco N+1 Redundancy 57
Example: Cisco 3x10 RF Swi tch M odules in 8+1 M ode 58
Example: Cisco 3x10 RF Swi tch M odules in 4+1 M ode 59
N+1 Configuration Example o n t he W orking Cisco uBR7246VXR Router 60
N+1 Configuration Example on the Protect Cisco uBR7246VXR Router 63
Examples: Cisco 3x10 RF Switch with Cisco uBR10012 Chassis 67
HCCP W orking 1 Exampl e 68
HCCP W orking 2 Exampl e 68
HCCP W orking 3 Exampl e 69
HCCP W orking 4 Exampl e 69
HCCP Protect Interface Configuration Examples 70
Example: Channel Swit ch Informati on from the Cisco uBR10012 Router 71
Exampl e: Cisco 3x10 RF Sw it ch and Cisco uBR10012 Chassis 72
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Exampl e: Cisco 3x10 RF Sw it ches and Cisco uBR10012 Chassis 77
Exampl e: Cisco 3x10 RF Sw itch es and u BR7246VXR Chassis 83
HCCP W orking uBR7246VXR Chassis 1 84
HCCP Protect uBR7246VXR Chassis 87
Additional References 91
Related Document s 91
Standards 92
MIBs 92
RFCs 92
Technical Assistance 93
C H A P T E R 14 PacketCable and PacketCable Multimedia on the Cisco CMTS 1
Contents 2
Prerequisites for PacketCable Operations 2
PacketCable Prerequisites 2
Restrictio ns f or PacketCable Operations 3
PacketCable Restrictions 3
Information About PacketCable Operations 3
Feature Overview 4
New Emergency 911 Features in Cisco IOS Release 12.3(13a)BC 4
PacketCable Emergency 911 Cable Interface Line Card Prioritization 4
PacketCable Emergency 911 Services Listing and History 5
PacketCable Net w ork Components 8Dynamic Quality of Service 9
Two-Stage Resource Reservation Process 10
M aking a Call Using DQoS 10
Benefits 11
How to Configure PacketCable Operations 13
Enabling PacketCable Operation 13
Disabling PacketCable Operation 14
Configuring PacketCable Operation (Optional) 15
Enabling Both PacketCable and Non-PacketCable UGS Service Flows 16
Verifying PacketCable Configuration 18
Configuring RADIUS Accounting for RKS Servers 18
High Availabili ty Statefu l Sw itchover (SSO) for PacketCable and PacketCable M ultiM edia 21
Debugging High Availabilit y Stateful Sw itchover for PacketCable and PCM M 21
Examples 22
Troubleshooting Tips 23
W hat to Do Next 23
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PacketCable Client Accept Timeout 24
Examples 25
Troubleshooting Tips 25
W hat to Do Next 25
M onitoring and M aintaining PacketCable Operations 26
Configuration Examples for PacketCable 27
Typical PacketCable Configurat ion 27
Prerequisites for PacketCable M ultim edia Operations 30
Restrictions f or PacketCable M ultim edia Operations 30
Information About PacketCable M ultim edia Operations 31
PCM M Overview 32
PCM M Enhancements over PacketCable 1.x 32
PCM M and Additional Soft w are Features on the Cisco CM TS 32
PCM M Gates 33
PCM M Gate Overview and PCM M Dynamic Quality of Service 33
PCM M Persistent Gate 33
PCM M Interoperability w ith PacketCable 1.x Voice Services M odule 33
PCM M Interfaces 34
PCM M to COPS Interface 34
PCM M and Distributed Cable Interface Line Cards 34
How to Configure PCM M Operations 35
W hat to Do Next 36
M onitoring and M aintaining PCM M Operations 37
Using Debug Commands w ith PCM M 37
Using Test Commands w ith PCM M 37
Configuration Examples for PacketCable M ultim edia 37
Additional References 38
Related Document s 38
Standards 39
MIBs 40
RFCs 40
Technical Assistance 40
C H A P T E R 15 Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet Termination on the Cisco CMTS 1
Contents 2
Prerequi sites f or PPPoE Termi nati on 2
Restrictions for PPPoE Termination 2
Information About PPPoE Termination 3
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Feature Overview 3
Benefits 4
How to Configure the PPPoE Termination Feature 5
Enabli ng VPDN Operat ions on th e Cisco CM TS 5
Configuring a Virtual Template on the Cisco CM TS 7
Configuri ng a VPDN Group fo r PPPoE Sessions 10
Configuring a VPDN Group f or L2TP Tunnel Initiati on on the Cisco CM TS 12
Enabli ng PPPoE on a Cable Int erface 14
Configuring a Cisco Router as LNS 16
Clearing PPPoE Sessions 18
Enabli ng SNM P Traps for A ctive PPPoE Sessions 19
M onitoring the PPPoE Terminat ion Feature 20
Configuration Examples for PPPoE Termination 20
PPPoE Termina tio n on a Cisco CM TS wi thou t L2TP Tunneli ng 21
PPPoE Termi nati on on a Cisco CM TS wi th L2TP Tunneli ng 22
PPPoE Clien t Confi gurat ion o n a Cisco Router 24
PPPoE Configuration for the L2TP Network Server 24
Additional References 26
Related Document s 26
Standards 26
MIBs 27
RFCs 27
Technical Assistance 27
C H A P T E R 16 Service Flow Admission Control for the Cisco CMTS 1
Contents 2
Prerequisites for Service Flow Admission Control 2
Restricti ons for Service Flow Admission Control 2
Informati on About Service Flow Admission Control 2
Overview of Service Flow Admission Control for t he Cisco CM TS 3
Service Flow Admission Control and Cisco Universal Broadband Routers 4
Service Flow Admission Control on the Cisco uBR10012 Universal Broadband Router 4Service Flow Admission Control on the Cisco uBR7246VXR Universal Broadband Router 4
Service Flow Admission Control and M emory Requirements f or the Cisco CM TS 4
Service Flow Admission Control and Cisco CM TS Resources 4
Service Flow Admission Control and CPU Utili zation 5
Service Flow Admission Control and M emory Utilization 6
Service Flow Admission Control and Upstream or Dow nstream Bandw idth Utili zation 6
Categorization of Service Flows 6
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Thresholds for Upstream or Downstream Bandwidth 7
Exclusive and Non-Exclusive Bandw idth Thresholds 7
Comparing Service Flow Admission Control w ith Prior Admission Control 7
How to Configure, M onitor and Troubleshoot Service Flow Admission Control 8
Enabling Service Flow Admission Control for Event Types 9
Prerequisites 9
Examples 10
W hat to Do Next 10
Configuring Service Flow Admission Control Based on CPU Utili zation 11
Prerequisites 11
Configuring Service Flow Admission Control Based on M emory Resources 12
Prerequisites 12
Defining Rules for Service Flow Categorization 13
Examples 17Troubleshooting Tips 17
W hat to Do Next 18
Nami ng Applicati on Buckets for Service Flow Admission Control 18
Examples 19
Troubleshooting Tips 19
W hat to Do Next 19
Setting Downstream and Upstream Application Thresholds 20
Precedence of These Configurati on Commands 20
Examples 23
Troubleshooting Tips 23
W hat to Do Next 24
Preempting High-Priority Emergency 911 Calls 24
Examples 25
Troubleshooting Tips 25
W hat to Do Next 25
Calculating Upstream and Downstream Bandwidth Utilization 26
Example 26
Bandwi dth Validit y Checks for Service Flow Admission Control 27
Implici t Bandw idth 27Oversubscription 27
Displaying Application Buckets for Service Flow Admission Control 28
Prerequisites 28
Examples 29
Troubleshooting Tips 29
W hat to Do Next 29
Displaying Service Flow Reservation Levels 29
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Spectrum M anagement M easurements 10
Signal and Carrier Noise Ratios 11
Differences Betw een the SNR and CNR Values 12
Addit ional M easurements 13
Upstream Signal Channel Overview 14
Upstream Frequency Changes 14
Upstream Segments and Combiner Groups 15
Frequency M anagement Policy 16
Noise Impairments 16
Spectrum Groups and Frequency Hopping 17
Guidelines for Spectrum M anagement 17
Guided and Scheduled Spectrum M anagement 18
Traffic Shaping 18
Frequency Hopping Capabiliti es 20Dynamic Upstream M odulation (SNR-based) 21
Input Power Levels 23
Intelligent and Advanced Hardw are-Based Spectrum M anagement 24
Intelligent Spectrum M anagement Enhancements 24
Advanced Spectrum M anagement Support Using the Cisco uBR-M C16S Cable Interface LineCard 24
Advanced Spectrum M anagement Suppport Using t he Cisco uBR-M C5X20S/U BPE 26
Benefits 27
Guided and Scheduled Spectrum M anagement Benefits 28
Intelligent and Advanced Spectrum M anagement Benefits 28
How to Configure Spectrum M anagement 30
Guided and Scheduled Spectrum M anagement Configuration Tasks 30
Enabling Upstream Rate Limit ing 30
Enabling Dow nstream Rate Limit ing 32
Creating and Configuring Spectrum Groups 33
Assigning a Spectrum Group to One or M ore Upstream Ports 37
Configuring Shared Spectrum Groups (Fiber Node Groups) for DOCSIS 3.0 39
Configuring Dynamic Upstream M odulation (SNR-Based) 39
Verifying Frequency Hopping 42
Intelligent and Advanced Spectrum M anagement Configuration Tasks 44
Configuring and Assigning Spectrum Groups 44
Configuring Dynami c Upstream M odulation (CNR-Based) 45
Configuring Proactive Channel M anagement 47
Verifying the Spectrum M anagement Configurati on 54
M onitoring Spectrum M anagement 57
Using CLI Comm ands 57
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Using SNM P 59
ccsSNRRequestTable 60
ccsSpectrumRequestTable 60
ccsSpectrumDataTable 61
ccsUpSpecM gmtTable 62
ccsHoppingNotification 63
Configuration Examples 63
Upstream Traffic Shaping and Rate Limiting Examples 64
Configuring the Low-Peak-Rate Limit Example 65
Applying the Rate-Limiting Algorithm Without Rate Limiting Example 65
Enabling Shaping Example 66
Forcing the Cable M odem t o Exceed t he Peak Rate Example 66
Dow nstream Traffic Shaping and Rate Limit ing Examples 67
Dow nstream Rate Limit ing Example 67Verifying Dow nstream Rate Limiting Example 67
Spectrum Group and Combiner Group Examples 68
Verifying Spectrum Group Creation Example 68
Time-Scheduled Spectrum Group Example 68
Verifying Spectrum Group Configuration Example 68
Determining the Upstream Ports Assigned t o a Combiner Group Example 68
Combiner Group Example 69
Other Spectrum M anagement Configuration Examples 70
Dynamic Upstream M odulation Examples 72
Verifying Your Setti ngs 72
Modulation Profiles Example 72
Input Power Level Example 73
Advanced Spectrum M anagement Configuration Examples 74
Advanced Spectrum M anagement for t he Cisco uBR7200 Series Router Example 74
Advanced Spectrum M anagement f or the Cisco uBR10012 Router Example 78
Additional References 80
Related Document s 80
Standards 81
MIBs 81RFCs 81
Technical Assistance 82
C H A P T E R 19 Telco Return for the Cisco CMTS 1
Contents 1
Prerequisites f or Telco Return 2
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C H A P T E R 21 Unique Device Identifier Retrieval for the Cisco CMTS 1
Contents 1
Prerequisites for Unique Device Identifi er Retrieval 2
Information A bout Unique Device Identif ier Retrieval 2Unique Device Identif ier Overview 2
Benefits of the Unique Device Identif ier Retrieval Feature 3
Product Item Descript or (PID) for Cable Product s 3
How to Retrieve the Unique Device Identifier 3
Retrieving t he Unique Device Identifier 3
Troubleshooting Tips 8
Configuration Examples for Unique Device Identifier Retrieval 8
Additional References 9
Related Document s 9Standards 9
MIBs 9
RFCs 9
Technical Assistance 10
Command Reference 10
C H A P T E R 22 UpstreamScheduler Mode for the Cisco CMTS 1
Contents 1
Prerequisites for Upstream Scheduler M ode Configuration 2
Restriction s for Upstream Scheduler M ode Configurat ion 2
Information About Upstream Scheduler M ode Configurat ion 2
How t o Configure Upstream Scheduler M odes 2
Troubleshooting Tips 4
Additional References 5
Related Documents 5
Standards 6
MIBs 6
RFCs 6Technical Assistance 6
I N D E X
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Preface
Revised: February 5, 2007, OL-1467-08
This preface explains the objectives, intended audience, and organization of the Cisco Cable Modem
Termination System Feature Guide for Cisco IOS Release 12.3(21)BC and earlier releases. This preface
also defines this document’s conventions for conveying instructions and information.
Purpose, page xxv • Audience, page xxvi
• Document Organization, page xxvi
• Conventions, page xxix
• Terms and Acronyms, page xxx
• Related Documentation, page xxx
• Obtaining Documentation, Obtaining Support, and Security Guidelines, page xxxi
PurposeThe Cisco CMTS Feature Guide describes significant software features that support multiple platforms
of the Cisco universal broadband routers. Each chapter describes a feature, to include the following:
• Supported Cisco IOS releases
• Feature benefits, restrictions and requirements
• Supported standards
• MIBs or RFCs; any prerequisites
• The configuration tasks and examples used to set up and implement each feature
This guide represents ongoing leadership of the Cisco CMTS in support of MSOs. Ongoing development
for the Cisco CMTS grows as feature support broadens to two or more of the following Cisco CMTS
platforms: • Cisco uBR7100 series universal broadband routers
• Cisco uBR7200 series universal broadband routers
• Cisco uBR10012 universal broadband router
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Audience
AudienceThis guide is intended for CMTS system administrators, network administrators, and support engineers
and technicians who configure, maintain, and troubleshoot the Cisco uBR7100 series, the
Cisco uBR7200 series, and the Cisco uBR10012 router.
All users should have some experience with configuring Cisco routers and using the Cisco IOS
command-line interface (CLI). A basic familiarity with Data-over-Cable Service Interface
Specifications (DOCSIS) 1.0, DOCSIS 1.0+ quality of service (QoS) principles, and Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMP) is helpful.
Cable system administrators and support engineers should be acquainted with cable data networks and
WAN communications protocols. Cable system technicians should be familiar with their cable plant’s
base operating parameters and subscriber service offerings. Network administrators should be familiar
with the principles of IP routing and subnetting; some of the advanced configurations also require an
understanding of access lists and how to use them.
Document OrganizationTable 1 summarizes the chapters and features in this guide.
Table 1 Guide Contents and Organization
Title Description
Admission Control for the Cisco Cable
Modem Termination System
Describes the Admission Control feature for the Cisco CMTS, a multifaceted feature
that implements a Quality of Service (QoS) policy on the CMTS Headend. Admission
Control establishes efficient resource and bandwidth utilization.
Cable Interface Bundling and Virtual
Interface Bundling for the Cisco CMTS
Describes and illustrates how to bundle cable interfaces, which simplifies interface
configuration and preserves IP address space, as multiple interfaces in a bundle
share one IP address.Also describes the use of virtual interfaces in cable interface bundling, in which a
virtual (non-physical) interface functions as the bundle master.
Cable Monitor and Intercept Features for
the Cisco CMTS
Describes multiple intercept features on the Cisco CMTS, to include the following:
• Cable monitor allows an external LAN packet analyzer on the cable interface
to monitor inbound and outbound data packets for specific types of traffic
between the Cisco CMTS and the cable modems attached to the radio
frequency (RF) line card.
• Service Independent Intercept (SII) supports the interception of any legal IP
protocol. Because SII uses SNMP (specifically SNMPv3), its use can be
hidden from other users of the CMTS.
Cable Duplicate MAC Address Reject forthe Cisco CMTS
Describes the Cloned Cable Modem Security Detection feature, introduces thecable privacy bpi-plus-enforce command, and cites additional commands and
supporting documentation on Cisco.com and the Internet.
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Document Organization
Service Flow Admission Control for the
Cisco CMTS
Describes the concepts, advantages, configuration and monitoring capabilities of
Service Flow Admission Control on the Cisco CMTS.
Service Flow Mapping to MPLS-VPN onthe Cisco CMTS
Describes the mapping of service flows to multiprotocol label switching (MPLS)virtual private networks (VPNs). This feature provides more flexible Managed
Access for multiple Internet Service Provider (ISP) support over a hybrid
fiber-coaxial (HFC) cable network.
Spectrum Management and Advanced
Spectrum Management for the
Cisco CMTS
A software and hardware feature provided in the CMTS so that the CMTS may
sense both downstream and upstream plant impairments, report them to a
management entity, and automatically mitigate them where possible.
Telco Return for the Cisco CMTS Enables cable companies that do not support two-way radio frequency (RF)
transmission or that have not upgraded their cable plants or specific service areas
to offer fast downstream data services via the cable plant and upstream
transmission via the PSTN over standard phone lines, as opposed to an all-cable
network.
Time-of-Day Server for the Cisco CMTS Enables the CMTS to provide a time-of-day (ToD) server to the cable modems and
other customer premises equipment (CPE) devices connected to its cable
interfaces. The ToD server gives the current date and time to accurately time stamp
the cable modems’ Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) messages and
error log entries.
Unique Device Identifier Retrieval for the
Cisco CMTS
Describes the Unique Device Identifier Retrieval (UDI retrieval) feature, which
provides the ability to retrieve and display the UDI information from any Cisco
product that has electronically stored such identity information.
Upstream Scheduler Mode for the Cisco
CMTS
Describes the configuration of upstream scheduler modes, which enables you to
select either Unsolicited Grant Services (UGS) or Real Time Polling Service (rtPS)
scheduling types, as well as packet-based or TDM-based scheduling. Low latency
queueing (LLQ) emulates a packet-mode-like operation over the Time Division
Multiplex (TDM) infrastructure of DOCSIS.
Index Index for the entire manual.
Table 1 Guide Contents and Organization
Title Description
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Conventions
ConventionsThis guide uses the following conventions for command syntax descriptions and textual emphasis:
Note This symbol means reader take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions or references to material not
covered in the publication.
Tip This symbol means the following are useful tips.
Timesaver This symbol means the described action saves time. You can save time by performing the action
described in the paragraph.
Caution This symbol means reader be careful. In this situation, you might do something that could result in
equipment damage or loss of data.
Table 2 Command Syntax and Emphasis Conventions
Convention Description
boldface font Commands and keywords are in boldface.
italic font Arguments for which you supply values are in italics.
[ ] Elements in square brackets are optional.
{ x | y | z} Alternative, mutually exclusive keywords are grouped in braces and separated by
vertical bars.
[ x | y | z] Optional alternative keywords are grouped in brackets and separated by vertical
bars.
string A nonquoted set of characters. Do not use quotation marks around the string, or the
string will include the quotation marks.
screen font Terminal sessions and information the system displays are in screen font.
boldface screen
font
Information you must enter is in boldface screen font.
italic screen
font
Arguments for which you supply values are in italic screen font.
^ The symbol ̂ represents the key labeled Control—for example, the key
combination ^D in a screen display means hold down the Control key while you
press the D key.
< > Nonprinting characters, such as passwords, are in angle brackets in contexts where
italics are not available.
[ ] Default responses to system prompts are in square brackets.
!, # An exclamation point ( ! ) or a pound sign ( # ) at the beginning of a line of code
indicates a comment line.
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Terms and Acronyms
Terms and AcronymsTo fully understand the content of this guide, you should be familiar with the following terms and acronyms:
Note A complete list of terms and acronyms is available in the Dictionary of Cisco Internetworking Terms and Acronyms guide, available on Cisco.com and the Documentation CD-ROM.
• CoS—class of service
• CPE—customer premises equipment
• CRC—cyclic redundancy check
• CSU—channel service unit
• DCE—data communications equipment
• IPSec—IP Security Protocol
• MAC—Media Access Control
• MB—megabyte
• NVRAM—nonvolatile random-access memory
• OIR—online insertion and removal
• PPP—Point-to-Point Protocol
• QoS—quality of service
• RFI—radio frequency interference
• RIP—Routing Information Protocol
• SNMP—Simple Network Management Protocol
• TCP/IP—Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
• UBR—unspecified bit rate
• UDP—User Datagram Protocol
• UNI—User-Network Interface • VPN—Virtual Private Network
Related Documentation
Cisco uBR Series Documentation
The procedures in this guide assume that site preparation and hardware setup are complete. Refer to the
documents below as required for additional prerequisite information and reference.
Note If the hypertext link to any external document does not operate, you can access the desired document bytyping or pasting the full document title in the Search field of the Cisco.com home page.
Click Go.
• Cisco uBR7100 Series Universal Broadband Routers documentation web page
• Cisco uBR7200 Series Universal Broadband Routers documentation web page
• Cisco uBR10012 Universal Broadband Router documentation web page
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ita/index.htmhttp://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ita/index.htmhttp://www.cisco.com/http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/cable/ps2211/index.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/cable/ps2217/index.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/cable/ps2209/index.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/cable/ps2209/index.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/cable/ps2217/index.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/cable/ps2211/index.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ita/index.htmhttp://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ita/index.htm
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Obtaining Documentation, Obtaining Support, and Security Guidelines
Additional Documentation Resources
For detailed information on CMTS commands, syntax, and usage, refer to the
Cisco Broadband Cable Command Reference Guide.
For Cisco IOS software configuration information and support, refer to the configuration and command
reference publications that pertain to your version of Cisco IOS software and hardware. Specifically, youshould refer to the following publications:
• For procedures on configuring broadband routers using the Cisco command-line interface (CLI),
refer to the Cisco IOS Multiservice Applications Configuration Guide, Release 12.1
• For information on setting up quality of service (QoS), refer to the Cisco IOS Quality of Service
Solutions Configuration Guide, Release 12.2 and Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Command
Reference, Release 12.2 publications.
• For information on encryption, refer to the Cisco IOS Security Configuration Guide, Release 12.2
and the Cisco IOS Security Command Reference, Release 12.2 publications.
• For information on interfaces, refer to the Cisco IOS Interface Configuration Guide, Release 12.2
and the Cisco IOS Interface Command Reference, Release 12.2 publications.
• For information on IP, refer to the Network Protocols Configuration Guide, Part 1 and the
Network Protocols Command Reference, Part 1 publications.
• For information about configuring your Cisco networking device to function as a firewall and traffic
filtering capabilities with access control lists, refer to the “Traffic Filtering and Firewalls” chapter
of the Cisco IOS Security Configuration Guide, Release 12.2 on Cisco.com.
You can also refer to the Cisco IOS software release notes for the version of software you are using on
your router. These Web pages on Cisco.com contain release notes for universal broadband routers:
• Release Notes for the Cisco uBR7100 Series Universal Broadband Routers
• Release Notes for the Cisco uBR7200 Series Universal Broadband Routers
• Release Notes for the Cisco uBR10012 Universal Broadband Router
Obtaining Documentation, Obtaining Support, and SecurityGuidelines
For information on obtaining documentation, obtaining support, providing documentation feedback,
security guidelines, and also recommended aliases and general Cisco documents, see the monthly What's
New in Cisco Product Documentation, which also lists all new and revised Cisco technical
documentation at:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/general/whatsnew/whatsnew.html
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/cable/command/reference/cbl_book.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_1/multiserv/configuration/guide/multi_c.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_2/qos/command/reference/fqos_r.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_2/qos/command/reference/fqos_r.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_2/security/configuration/guide/fsecur_c.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_2/security/command/reference/fsecur_r.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios122/122cgcr/finter_c/index.htmhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/11_1/np1/configuration/guide/4cbook.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/11_1/np1/command/reference/4rbook.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios122/122cgcr/fsecur_c/ftrafwl/index.htmhttp://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios122/122cgcr/fsecur_c/ftrafwl/index.htmhttp://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios122/122cgcr/fsecur_c/http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/cable/ubr7100/ub7100rn/index.htmhttp://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/cable/ubr7100/ub7100rn/index.htmhttp://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/cable/cab_rout/ub7200rn/index.htmhttp://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/cable/cab_rout/ub7200rn/index.htmhttp://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/cable/ubr10k/ub10krns/index.htmhttp://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/cable/ubr10k/ub10krns/index.htmhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/general/whatsnew/whatsnew.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/general/whatsnew/whatsnew.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/cable/ubr10k/ub10krns/index.htmhttp://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/cable/cab_rout/ub7200rn/index.htmhttp://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/cable/ubr7100/ub7100rn/index.htmhttp://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios122/122cgcr/fsecur_c/http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios122/122cgcr/fsecur_c/ftrafwl/index.htmhttp://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios122/122cgcr/fsecur_c/ftrafwl/index.htmhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/11_1/np1/command/reference/4rbook.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/11_1/np1/configuration/guide/4cbook.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios122/122cgcr/finter_c/index.htmhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_2/security/command/reference/fsecur_r.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_2/security/configuration/guide/fsecur_c.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_2/qos/command/reference/fqos_r.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_2/qos/command/reference/fqos_r.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_1/multiserv/configuration/guide/multi_c.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/cable/command/reference/cbl_book.html
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Preface
Obtaining Documentation, Obtaining Support, and Security Guidelines
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C H A P T E R
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1Admission Control for the Cisco Cable ModemTermination System
Revised: February 5, 2007, OL-1467-08
Admission Control for the Cisco Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS) is a multifaceted feature that
implements a Quality of Service (QoS) policy on the CMTS Headend. Admission Control establishesefficient resource and bandwidth utilization in a way that was not possible in prior Cisco IOS releases.
Admission Control monitors multiple system-level resources on the Cisco CMTS, and performs automatic
resource allocation on a service-request basis. Admission Control maintains optimal system-level operation
by preventing resource consumption that would otherwise degrade the performance for the entire Cisco
CMTS. Furthermore, Admission Control can allocate upstream or downstream bandwidth resources to
specific DOCSIS traffic types, and maintain such prioritization amidst very dynamic traffic conditions.
When any system-level or bandwidth-level resource approaches critical consumption levels, Admission Control
implements graceful degradation of service in a planned and graceful manner. Admission Control supports
multiple new commands for traffic and resource monitoring. This document describes the principles,
configuration, operation and other information about Admission Control on the Cisco CMTS for Cisco IOS
Release 12.3(13a)BCBC.
Feature History for Admission Control for the Cisco CMTS
Note Admission Control is a widely used term that applies to similarly named features for many additional
Cisco products and technologies. One distinct version of Admission Control is supported for the
Cisco uBR7114 universal broadband router in Cisco IOS 12.1 EC software.
This prior Admission Control feature sets the percentage of upstream channel capacity allowable for the
given upstream. Refer to the Cisco uBR7100 Series Software Configuration Guide for additionalinformation in this case:
• http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/cable/cmts/ubr7100/configuration/guide/scg7100.html
Release Modification
12.3(13a)BC This feature was introduced on the Cisco uBR10012 and the
Cisco uBR7246VXR universal broadband routers.
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/cable/cmts/ubr7100/configuration/guide/scg7100.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/cable/cmts/ubr7100/configuration/guide/scg7100.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/cable/cmts/ubr7100/configuration/guide/scg7100.html
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Chapter 1 Admission Control for the Cisco Cable ModemTermination System
Contents
Finding Support Information for Platforms and Cisco IOS Software Images
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco IOS software image
support. Access Cisco Feature Navigator at http://www.cisco.com/go/fn. You must have an account on
Cisco.com. If you do not have an account or have forgotten your username or password, click Cancel at
the login dialog box and follow the instructions that appear.
Contents • Prerequisites for Admission Control for the Cisco CMTS
• Restrictions for Admission Control on the Cisco CMTS
• Overview of Admission Control for the Cisco CMTS
• How to Configure Admission Control for the Cisco CMTS
• How to Troubleshoot Admission Control for the Cisco CMTS
• Configuration Examples of Admission Control for the Cisco CMTS
• Admission Control MIB Specifications for the Cisco CMTS
• Admission Control Methods
• Additional References
Prerequisites for Admission Control for the Cisco CMTSAdmission Control on the Cisco CMTS requires Cisco IOS Release 12.3(13a)BCBC or later, with these
additional provisions.
Cisco uBR10012 Router
• Performance routing engine 1 or 2 (PRE1 or PRE2) modules must be installed and operational on
the Cisco uBR10012 router. • Cisco uBR10-MC5X20U Broadband Processing Engines (BPEs) must be installed and operational
on the Cisco uBR10012 router.
Cisco uBR7246VXR Router
• Cisco uBR-MC28U broadband processing engine (BPE) or Cisco MC16/MC28 cable interface line
cards must be installed and operational on the Cisco uBR7246VXR router.
Restrictions for Admission Control on the Cisco CMTS
General RestrictionThe Admission Control feature is not designed to change thresholds in irregular or sponateneous fashion. For
example, if voice calls are already in progress, and you attempt to configure thresholds for voice, the
bandwidth usage of the existing calls may not be accounted in accurate fashion. This example results in
inaccurately enforcing the Admission Control policy on the desired interface.
As a workaround, configure Admission Control before admitting any static or dynamic service flows. The
best option is to have the configuration in place during startup time, or before the interface is up.
http://www.cisco.com/go/fnhttp://www.cisco.com/go/fn
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Restrictions for Admission Control on the Cisco CMTS
Further Restrictions
Admission Control in Cisco IOS Release 12.3(13a)BC supports the following resource monitoring on the
Cisco CMTS:
• Upstream and downstream bandwidth on the Cisco CMTS
• CPU utilization and memory resources on the Cisco uBR10012 and Cisco uBR7246VXR router
chassis (Cisco uBR10-MC5X20U and Cisco uBR-MC28U broadband processing engines)
Future Cisco IOS releases will enhance resources with Admission Control on the Cisco CMTS.
Admission Control in Cisco IOS Release 12.3(13a)BC has the following general restrictions:
• Admission Control does not support Wide Area Network (WAN) bandwidth monitoring for the
Cisco uBR10012 router.
Caveats
Open Caveats for Admission Control in Cisco IOS Release 12.3(13a)BCBC
Table 1-1 Open Caveats for Admission Control in Cisco IOS Release 12.3(13a)BCBC
DDTS ID Number Description
Refer to release
notes.
US reservation value increments differently on identical voice calls
This apparent difference may arise because the values are printed to 1% accuracy.
Fractions of 1% are not printed. Therefore, the actual value of 4.6% is printed as
4%, and the value 5.2% is printed as 5%, for example. This can give the impression
that first call consumed 4% of bandwidth, but the second call consumed 5%, and
this exaggerates the apparent difference.
Refer to release
notes.
Service class sched type is incorrect with service class name
If the scheduling type for a given service class name is different in the CM
configuration file and the router configuration, the type from the router
configuration will take precedence.
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Restrictions for Admission Control on the Cisco CMTS
Refer to release
notes.
Inconsistency in threshold counter during a voice call
Admission Control checks are performed each time DSA or DSC requests are
made. For the same voice call, the MTA device may send several DSC requestmessages. Some of these messages may not request additional bandwidth. Even if
new bandwidth is not requested, and the current utilization is above major or minor
threshold, an alarm is generated, and the counter is incremented.
CSCsb27203 Validation Checks
Admission Control validates bandwidth threshold with validation checks, but only
for the traffic types for which this feature is configured. Otherwise, Admission
Control does not validate resource configurations on the Cisco CMTS.
For example, if you configure downstream (DS) bandwidth Admission Control for
CIR data at 40% exclusive threshold, this implicitly limits the voice usage to 60%
of the total configurable bandwidth. In this example, voice thresholds are
configured so that the sum of exclusive and non-exclusive thresholds is less than
60% of the total resource available.Furthermore, in this example, the voice usage may exceed the implicit limit of 60%
bandwidth, and occupy the 40% bandwidth reserved exclusively for data. To avoid
this problem, configure Admission Control for all the traffic types in a given
direction (US or DS).
If you do not set Admission Control thresholds for voice, the voice Admission
Control check is not performed. Therefore, the new calls are accepted without
Admission Control checks.
Table 1-1 Open Caveats for Admission Control in Cisco IOS Release 12.3(13a)BCBC
DDTS ID Number Description
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• Non-exclusive bandwidth indicates the percentage of bandwidth that is configured in addition to the
exclusive bandwidth. Non-exclusive bandwidth is also configured for specific DOCSIS traffic types.
Non-exclusive bandwidth is not guaranteed, and may be shared with other traffic types.
• The sum of exclusive and non-exclusive thresholds indicates the maximum bandwidth the specified
traffic type may use.
This section provides additional information about Admission Control with the following topics:
• Admission Control and Cisco Universal Broadband Routers, page 1-6
• Admission Control and Cisco CMTS Resources, page 1-6
• Admission Control and CPU Utilization, page 1-8
• Admission Control and Memory Utilization, page 1-8
• Admission Control and Upstream or Downstream Bandwidth Utilization, page 1-8
• Precedence of the Configuration Commands, page 1-10
• Admission Control and Additional Features on the Cisco CMTS, page 1-10
Admission Control and Cisco Universal Broadband Routers
Admission Control on the Cisco uBR10012 Universal Broadband Router
Cisco IOS Release 12.3(13a)BCBC supports Admission Control on the Cisco uBR10012 router and all
broadband processing engines.
Admission Control on the Cisco uBR7246VXR Universal Broadband Router
Cisco IOS release 12.2(13)BC supports Admission Control on the Cisco uBR7246VXR router.
Admission Control and Memory Requirements for the Cisco CMTSAdmission Control for the Cisco CMTS is a powerful feature that maintains Quality of Service (QoS)
on the Cisco CMTS and enforces graceful degradation in service when attempted consumption exceeds
resource availability.
Additional memory is required in the Cisco universal broadband router to maintain and store information
about various scheduling types, the distribution of upstream or downstream traffic, and associated
resource check processes. For complete information about memory requirements and Cisco IOS Release
12.3(13a)BCBC, refer to the corresponding release notes for your product:
• Release Notes for Cisco uBR10012 Universal Broadband Router for Cisco IOS Release 12.3 BC
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/cable/cmts/ubr10012/release/notes/12_3bc/ubr10k_123bc_rn.html
• Release Notes for Cisco uBR7200 Series for Cisco IOS Release 12.3 BC http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/cable/cmts/ubr7200/release/notes/12_3bc/123BCu72.html
Admission Control and Cisco CMTS ResourcesAdmission Control with Cisco IOS Release 12.3(13a)BCBC implements graceful QoS policies for thefollowing resources of the Cisco CMTS:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/cable/cmts/ubr10012/release/notes/12_3bc/ubr10k_123bc_rn.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/cable/cmts/ubr7200/release/notes/12_3bc/123BCu72.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/cable/cmts/ubr7200/release/notes/12_3bc/123BCu72.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/cable/cmts/ubr10012/release/notes/12_3bc/ubr10k_123bc_rn.html
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Overview of Admission Control for the Cisco CMTS
System-Level Resources—Impact All Cisco CMTS Functions
• CPU utilization on route processor or broadband processing engine (BPE) modules
• I/O memory on route processor or broadband processing engine modules
• Processor memory
Bandwidth-Level Resources—Impact Traffic Per Interface or Per Port
• Downstream DOCSIS 1.1 bandwidth with QoS support on Cisco cable interface line cards or BPEs
• Upstream DOCSIS 1.1 bandwidth with QoS support on Cisco cable interface line cards or BPEs
Cisco IOS release 12.3(13a)BCBC supports the following resources for the following Cisco CMTS
routers:
Cisco uBR10012 Router Resources
• Cisco uBR Route Processor
– CPU Utilization
– Processor Memory
– I/O Memory
• Cisco uBR Cable Interface Line Card
– Downstream Bandwidth
– Upstream Bandwidth
Cisco uBR7246VXR Router Resources with the Cisco MC28U
• Cisco uBR Route Processor
– CPU Utilization
– Processor Memory
– I/O Memory
• Cisco uBR Cable Interface Line Card
– Downstream Bandwidth
– Upstream Bandwidth
Cisco uBR7246VXR Router Resources without the Cisco MC28U
• Network Processing Engine
– CPU Utilization
– Processor Memory
– I/O Memory
– Downstream Bandwidth
–
Upstream BandwidthFor additional information, refer to the “How to Configure Admission Control for the Cisco CMTS”
section on page 1-12.
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Overview of Admission Control for the Cisco CMTS
Exclusive and Non-Exclusive Bandwidth Thresholds
In addition to minor and major thresholds, Admission Control also allows configuration of exclusive or
non-exclusive thresholds.
• Exclusive bandwidth thresholds, for the upstream or downstream bandwidth, define a given
percentage of the total (100%) bandwidth, and dedicate it to a specific traffic type. • Non-exclusive bandwidth thresholds can be shared with multiple traffic types. Non-exclusive
bandwidth is typically used by Best Effort traffic, yet remains available to other traffic types when
required.
When the traffic usage exceeds the exclusive threshold, Admission Control checks if there is any
non-exclusive bandwidth available. Any new service request is permitted only if sufficient non-exclusive
bandwidth is available.
Admission Control and DownstreamBandwidth
Admission Control for downstream bandwidth supports data traffic and PacketCable voice.
The traffic is classified as voice if the flow is associated with a PacketCable gate.All the other service flows with non-zero minimum reservation rate are classified as data traffic. Any
service flow with zero minimum reserv rate is classified as the Best Effort traffic. The BEt traffic can
use any non-exclusive or un-configured bandwidth. No admission control check is performed when the
best effort flows are created.
Admission Control and UpstreamBandwidth
Admission Control based on upstream bandwidth allows you to control the bandwidth utilization for
various scheduling services, as defined in the DOCSIS specification. The Admission Control check
occurs during cable modem registration or during a dynamic service event such as a voice call.
The DOCSIS specification defines scheduling services to bind QoS parameters with the service flows
for the upstream channels. The following scheduling services or scheduling types are defined:
• Best Effort (BE)
• Non-real-time polling service (NRTPS)
• Real-time polling service (RTPS)
• Unsolicited grant service with activity detection (UGS-AD)
• Unsolicited grant service (UGS)
Note Best Effort (BE) traffic in this case is the BE traffic with non-zero min-reservation rate. In the DOCSIS
terminology this is referred to as Committed Information Rate (CIR) traffic. The BE traffic with zero
min-reservation rate is referred to as "un-classified BE" traffic in this document. This unclassified BE
traffic may use any exclusive or unused bandwidth.
For each upstream scheduling type, you can specify the following:
• The percentage of combined throughput that must be set aside [exclusive] for all the sessions of a
particular scheduling type.
• The percentage of combined throughput that can be allocated [non-exclusive] for all the sessions of
a particular scheduling type.
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A service flow may be defined as a service-class template; with a service class name associated with it.
This is typically defined in the DOCSIS configuration file. You can also set Admission Control
thresholds for a specific service class. The thresholds for a service class are enveloped by the thresholds
for the scheduling type it belongs to. In other words, the sum of exclusive thresholds for all the service
classes of a particular scheduling type should be less than the exclusive threshold for that scheduling
type.
Note Upstream DOCSIS service classes must be defined on the Cisco CMTS prior to the configuration of
Admission Control.
For additional information, refer to the “Configuring Admission Control Based on Upstream
Bandwidth” section on page 1-22.
Precedence of the Configuration Commands
Admission Control based on bandwidth can be configured at the interface or global level. For upstream
bandwidth, Admission Control can be configured at the per upstream level as well.
If you configure both interface-level and global thresholds for Admission Control, and then you remove
interface-level configurations, the global configuration thresholds become effective for that interface.
When globally configured, all the interfaces (either DS or US) assume the same global configuration. If
bandwidth is configured for an interface, in addition to or instead of global configuration, the thresholds
set for an interface override the global threshold values. Also, for upstream bandwidth, if an individual
upstream is configured, it overrides the interface-level or the global configuration values.
Note Thresholds applied to the US or DS bandwidth apply to the physical interfaces. Admission Control
configuration commands are not applicable to virtual interfaces such as sub-interfaces or bundling
interfaces.
Admission Control and Additional Features on the Cisco CMTS
Admission Control and High Availability Features
In Cisco IOS Release 12.3(13a)BCBC, Admission Control configurations interact with high availability
features in the following ways for HCCP N+1 Redundancy and Route Processor switchover events.
Admission Control with HCCP N+1 Redundancy on the Cisco CMTS
When HCCP N+1 Redundancy is configured on the Cisco uBR10012 router, Admission Control
configurations are maintained during planned or unplanned switchover events between HCCP Working
and Protect interfaces. Traffic and services experiencing such switchover events automatically maintain
Admission Control resource allocation, including prioritization of Emergency 911 voice calls.
For configuration information, refer to N+1 Redundancy for the Cisco Cable Modem Termination
System.
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Admission Control with Route Processor Redundancy Plus on the Cisco uBR10012 Router
When RPR+ redundancy is configured on the Cisco uBR10012 router, the configured parameters are
conserved during PRE module switchover from the Primary RP to the Secondary RP. The command line
interface configurations are synchronized between the two and supported during switchover, but note the
following counters and statistics:
• Admission Control counters and statistics for CPU and memory resources are lost during a PRE
switchover event.
• Admission Control bandwidth resources (DS and US counters and statistics) are maintained at the
line card and retained.
For general RPR+ configuration information, refer to Route Processor Redundancy Plus on the Cisco
uBR10012 Universal Broadband Router on Cisco.com:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/cable/ps2209/products_feature_guide09186a00801a24e
0.html
Admission Control and Load Balancing
Load Balancing on the Cisco CMTS provides efficient upstream and downstream bandwidth utilization.
Load balancing provides these advantages, for interaction with Admission Control:
• Static support—balances upstream and downstream channels when the Cable Modems registers.
• Dynamic support—monitors and balances the channel load in real-time during operation.
The cable modems that move across upstream or downstream as a part of Dynamic Load Balancing may
have an active voice call at any one time. Therefore, the UCC (Upstream Channel Change) and DCC
(Downstream Channel Change) verify that resources are not violated with Admission Control in the
following ways:
• For CPU utilization, because the main CPU processor resource is only being considered, when the
cable modem moves to a different upstream or downstream, the effective CPU at the CMTS is not
affected and therefore, there is no Admission Control check performed at the CPU, even when
Admission Control is configured for CPU utilization.
• For memory, as with CPU utilization, only the main CPU memory resource is being regulated.
Therefore, when a cable modem moves, there are negligible effects, and no Admission Control
check is needed.
• For upstream DOCSIS bandwidth, when a cable modem moves to a new upstream channel, the
Admission Control criteria for the new channel should not be violated. Therefore, during the load
balancing event, the Admission Control check is performed. If the threshold requirements for the
new channel are not met, the channel transition is blocked.
For example, consider a case where an upstream channel Upstream1 with 70% of the total load
moves a cable modem with a