CIS 200 exunits11.ppt1 Working with Units & Spreadsheet Design Objectives: l Solving problems with...

CIS 200 exunits11.ppt 1

Working with Units & Spreadsheet Design

Objectives:Solving problems with unit conversionsUsing Multiple worksheets in a workbookDesigning efficient/effective worksheetsWhat-if AnalysisGoal Seek


A Problem:• Your Gardening Nursery business is growing and you need

additional help. You need to determine if you will save money by hiring temporary employees vs. two full time employees. You have the following information:

– Temporary employees are paid $10/hour flat rate. You estimate you will need a total of 80 work hours a week for each of the 50 weeks you are open.

– Each permanent employee works 40 hours per week and is paid $1000 per month plus benefits worth $5000 per year. Each receives 2 weeks paid vacation while your store is closed in January - so they are paid for a full 12 months. You will need a total of 2 permanent employees.


What information do you have?

• Temporary Employees– Cost per hour – # of hours per week– # of weeks per year

• Permanent Employees– # of permanent employees– Cost per month– # of months paid per year– Additional annual costs per

employee

Costs per Year

Costs per Year

What information do you need?


If you are given data in dollars per hour and want total cost per year ($/yr) what do you do?

Temporary Employee AnalysisHave: – wages in dollar per hours– # of hours per week– # of weeks per year

dollars hour

* 80 hoursweek

= dollars week

10 800

* 50 weeksyear

= dollars year

40,000dollars week

800

The same units in the numerator & the

denominator cancel out


Permanent Employees Analysis

- # of employees - Dollars per week per employee

- # of weeks paid per year - Dollars per year/employee

If you are given data in dollars per month per employee, and dollars per year per employee and want dollars per year what do you do?

Dollars month-empl.

* 12 dollars year

10002 empl. * = 24,000

PLUSdollarsyear-empl.

dollars year

50002 empl. * = 10,000

24,000 dollars/yr + 10,000 dollars/yr = 34,000 dollars/yr

monthsyear

Add like units


Add only common units !

• Don’t try to add units that are not the same:– dollars per week + dollars per hour

• First match units– dollars per week * weeks/year = dollars/yr– dollars per hour* hours/year=dollars/yr– Now add dollars/yr+dollars/year


You run a similar operation across the border in Canada. What would the cost of full time employees be in Canadian Dollars –

assuming we pay equivalent salaries? The current exchange rate is .73 US-$ per Can-$

Have US$ per CAN$Start with US$ End with CAN$

• If we multiply 34,000 US dollars * .73 US dollars/Canadian dollars get 24,820 US2/Canadian dollars – this is incorrect!!

• Instead we need to take 34,000 US dollars and divide by .73 US dollars/Canadian dollar

.73 US$/Can$


= 46,573 CAN$ 34,000 US$

.73 US$ CAN$

34,000 CAN$ .73

=

When you divide, the denominator of a

denominator becomes the numerator

34,000US$ 1 Canadian$

.73US$

One technique is to multiply 34,000 $US by 1 Canadian dollar over .73 $US as follows:

Another technique to divide $34,000 by .73 US$ per Canadian dollar as follows:

= $34,000/$.73 = 46,573 CAN$


Now calculate these values in

Canadian dollars

calc

Calc-can

A B C D

1part time analysis

full time analysis diff

2 wages 40000 24000 -160003 benefits 0 10000 100004 total 40000 34000 -6000

Values -US

A B C D us$/canadian $ 0.664

1part time analysis

full time analysis diff

2 wages 60208 36124.8 -240833 benefits 0 15052 150524 total 60208 51176.8 -9031.2

US$ ÷ US dollar/Canadian Dollar=Canadian $

=calc!C3 / 'calc-can'!$D$1


Using Conversion Factors

There are 0.6 miles per kilometer:• How many miles do you have to go, if a sign reads 100 kilometers to the border?

Have kilometers - want miles 100 kilometers * 0.6 miles/kilometer = miles= 100 * A1

• How many kilometers is 10 miles?Have miles - want kilometer 10 miles/(0.6 miles/kilometer) = kilometers= 10/A1

A B1 0.60 miles/km


data inputsdata inputs

calculationscalculations

output output

Now Lets Implement This Problem in a Spreadsheet:A Single Worksheet Design Is

Best With Limited Quantities Of Data

By listing each input separately – it will be

easy to make changes without worrying about

where each value is used.


Designing a Spreadsheet SolutionUsing Multiple Worksheets• When creating

spreadsheets with large amounts of related data it may be more effective to place each “table” of data in a separate location.

• Excel provides us with the ability to have multiple worksheets within one workbook. Sheet tabs

Sheets may be named and displayed with different colors tabs, The order of the worksheets may be modified as well.

CIS 200 exunits11.ppt 13input calc

A B C1 part time analysis full time analysis

2 wages= input!B7 * input!B6 * input!B5

= input!B1 * input!B2 * input!B8

3 benefits 0 = input!B1 * input!B34 total =B2+B3 =C2+C3

A B1 # FT emp 22 FT $/ month 10003 FT benefit/ year 50004 # weeks/ year 525 # weeks/ year open 506 PT $/ hour 107 PT hrs/ week 808 # months / year 12

Formulas

Syntax: Sheetname!Cell Reference• Formulas may include cell references from multiple

worksheets: input!B1*input!B3• When referencing a cell on the same spreadsheet as the

active cell the sheet name is not required. C2+C3• Named ranges are unique to a workbook. So if cell

input!B1 is named ‘employee’ the formula in cell C3 could be written as employee * input!B3

Referencing Cells on Multiple Worksheets


input calc

One method of organizing your data is with separate sheets for inputs, calculations and/or outputs. This

works well in the following instances:

•Many different sheets share the same inputs – so each piece of data need only be changed in one location

•When you want to present the results only on a single sheet comparing each of the different analyses

1

2

3

4

A B C D

Part Time Costs Full Time Costs Differencewages $ 40,000 $ 24,000 (16,000)$ benefits $ - $ 10,000 10,000$ total 40,000$ 34,000$ (6,000)$

12345678

A B# FT emp 2FT $/ month 1000FT benefit/ year 5000# weeks/ year 52# weeks/ year open 50PT $/ hour 10PT hrs/ week 80# months / year 12

The results of both analyses are

presented on a single sheet


Excel allows you to view

multiple worksheets on

your screen

1. If your worksheet is maximized – click on the Restore Window button.

2. The size the window to easily view the contents of the worksheet using the sizing arrow from the edges of the window.

3. Open another window by selecting Windows from the menu and then New Window.

4. Select the next worksheet you desire to view and size it and place it on the screen so the contents is easy to view.


This works well when:• Different cases have

different input values • When you want to

present the inputs/outputs and calculations of a single case on one sheet.

Another method of organizing workbooks is using separate sheets for

different “cases”


Part Time Analysis Full Time Analysis Differencewages 128,000$ 88,800$ (39,200)$ benefits -$ 7,400$ 7,400$ total 128,000$ 96,200$ (31,800)$

All Stores

One advantage of using separate sheets for

different “cases” is the ability to easily create

summary sheets

We can write a single 3-Dimensional Formula and then copy it down the column & across the row

=SUM(case1:case3!B12) or = case1!B12+case2!B12+case3!B12

case1!

case2!

case3!


Editing Multiple Worksheets Simultaneously

By holding down the Shift key we can select multiple worksheets simultaneously. When a [Group] is selected any changes made to a cell will be made to that same cell on all worksheets in that [Group]. To de-select a [Group] click on any worksheet not in the Group.

When multiple worksheets are selected the Title bar adds [Group] to the title.

Be careful when using groups not to inadvertently change something on another sheet that you didn’t want to.


Some tips for designing your spreadsheets

• Think before “typing” –organize your data, determine which inputs are likely to vary and which are fixed.

• Unless you have a very simple problem - consider multiple worksheets for multi-table input/outputs or multiple cases.

• Each data input should appear once and be used as a reference in subsequent calculations

• Document your workbooks - so that they can be easily understood by others


A What-if Analysis Allows Us To See The Change In Outcome If We Change The Input Values

Change one or more input values affected formulas are automatically recalculated

By Modifying the PT hrs/week all cells based By Modifying the PT hrs/week all cells based on that value are automatically changeon that value are automatically change..


Goal Seek Allows Us To Determine An Input Value That Would Be Needed To Get A Given Output

• Allows us to work backwards in a worksheet• Lets you vary only one input variable• What-if analysis in the reverse direction.

– Ex. How much would we have to pay our part-time workers in $/hr to only spend $26,000 per year?


1

23456789

1011121314

A B C D

# FT emp 2FT $/ month 1000FT benefit/ year 5000# weeks/ year 52# weeks/ year open 50PT $/ hour 10PT hrs/ week 80# months / year 12

Part Time Analysis Full Time Analysis Differencewages 40,000$ 24,000$ (16,000)$ benefits -$ 2,000$ 2,000$ total 40,000$ 26,000$ (14,000)$

Store #1

Goal Seek can be accessed from the Tools menu

If we want the value in B14 to be $26000, what would the value in B7 ($/hr PT) have to be, assuming none of the other inputs change?

B14

26000

B7

**Note: Goal seek will not work if a [Group] is selected

CIS 200 exunits11.ppt1 Working with Units & Spreadsheet Design Objectives: l Solving problems with...

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