CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Purpose:transportation- move substances

to and from cells linking cells with the outside

environment Substances include: O2, CO2, H2O,

nutrients (glucose), vitamins, hormones, and cell wastes

Types of Circulatory System

Open Circulatory System-blood not enclosed in vessels, it flows directly into body tissues where it bathes tissues Example- grasshopper- blood is kept

moving by breathing and movement of animal

Note: blood is clear, No hemoglobin, it does not carry O2 or CO2 only nutrients and cellular wastes

OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Types of Circulatory System

Closed Circulatory System- blood always contained in tubes or vesselsExample –Earthworm or HumanNote- Main difference between

closed and open system is blood in closed system is under pressure, blood moves faster as a result

CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Human Circulatory System

3 Main parts includeHeartBloodBlood vessels

Blood Vessels

Function–carry blood to and from the cells in the body

3 types of blood vessels Arteries- take blood away from the heart to body

Contain 3 layers- connective tissue, smooth muscle tissue, epithelial tissue (small arteries are called arterioles)

Thick , elastic walls Blood under the most pressure Contain O2-rich blood

Blood Vessels Veins- Return blood back to the heart

from the body Contain 3 layers- connective tissue, smooth

muscle tissue, epithelial tissue (small veins are called venules)

Thin, only slightly elastic One-way valves help blood to flow in one

direction Muscles of the body help to squeeze the

veins and move blood back to heart Contain O2- poor blood (CO2)

VEINS Vein disorder- Varicose veins- veins

become stretched out and blood pools in legs

Spider Veins

Blood VesselsCapillaries- tiny vessels that

connect arteries and veinsSingle cell thick- very thin so

materials can easily pass through to body cells (exchange gases and nutrients for wastes)

Narrow, thin vessels allow red cells to pass in a single file

HEART

HEART Location- left center of chest between

lungs Function- muscular pump to push blood

through blood vessels Made of- Cardiac Muscle tissue

Never gets tired Muscle fibers are intertwined Muscle fibers contract and relax

together as one unit

HEART Heartbeat- lub-dub sound of closing

valves (AV-valves then semi-lunar valves) Cycle of heartbeat

Contraction of heart= Systole (Squeeze) Relaxation of heart = Diastole (Dilate)

Pulse= heart rate found in your arteries

(artery expands (heart contracts) and relaxes (heart relaxes)

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HEARTHeart Chambers Atria- upper chambers (right & left)

Receive blood from body or lungs Thin walls

Ventricles- lower chambers (right & left) Push blood away to the body or lungs Thick walls

Septum – wall in middle of heart that separates the O2 rich side (left) from the O2 poor side (right)

Blood Flow from left side of heart to right side of heart:

1. Left atria (bicuspid valve)

2. Left ventricle (semi-lunar valve)

3. Aorta (main artery)

4. Body (upper and lower)

5. Vena Cava Vein ( Superior[from above heart]& inferior [from below heart)

Blood Flow from left side of heart to right side of heart:

6. Right Atria (tricuspid valve)

7. Right Ventricle (semi-lunar valve)

8. Pulmonary Arteries (to lungs)

9. Lungs (exchange CO2 for O2)

10. Pulmonary Veins (to heart)

11. Left Atria (back at the beginning)

BLOOD PRESSURE Unit- millimeters of Mercury (Hg)  Normal Adult Blood Pressure (BP) = 120/80

120mmHg Systole/ 80mmHg Diastole

 Measurement Device- Sphygmomanometer (Blood Pressure Cuff)

 Disorder- Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) Diagnosis- Blood Pressure number greater than

140mm Systole or 90mm Diastole Treatment- exercise, weight loss and medication

Disorders of Circulatory System

Atherosclerosis- (hardening of the arteries) excess cholesterol and fat deposits on inner walls of arteries restricting blood flow and increasing blood pressure

Treatment- Cholesterol medication (Lipitor) and diet restriction of fat and cholesterol

Disorders of the circulatory system

Heart attack (myocardial infarction) - Blood flow in the coronary artery becomes severely restricted or completely restricted and results in heart muscle death

 Treatment: Angioplasty (balloon to open the artery’s blood

flow) Stent- artificial brace to keep the artery open (like a

Chinese finger puzzle) Bypass surgery- connect a new blood vessel

around the blockage (artery from patient’s leg) Healthy Diet & exercise, lower stress, quit smoking

Disorders of the circulatory system

Stroke- Blood flow to the brain is blocked (clot) resulting in loss of consciousness, numbness and possible brain damage

 Treatment- removal of clot, medication to stop clotting

Disorders of the circulatory system

Heart Murmur- abnormal rhythm of the heartbeat caused by leaky valves in the heart

Treatment- replace the leaky valves

Arrhythmia - Heart beat rhythm not regular or rapid (bradycardia, tachycardia)

Treatment- pacemaker placed on heart