CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
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Transcript of CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Karen LancourKaren Lancour Patty PalmiettoPatty PalmiettoNational Bio Rules National Bio Rules National Event National EventCommittee Chairman Committee Chairman Supervisor – Health Supervisor – [email protected] ScienceScience
Heart/Circulatory
Blood Flow through the Heart
Electrical System of Heart
Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) = record of spread of electrical activity through the heart
P wave = caused by atrial depolarization (contraction) QRS complex = caused by ventricular depolarization (contraction) and atrial relaxation T wave = caused by ventricular repolarization (relaxation)
ECG = useful in diagnosing abnormal heart rates, arrhythmias, & damage of heart muscle
Electrical Conduction System Up Close and Personal
1.1. Sinoatrial NodeSinoatrial Node
2.2. Intraatrial PathwayIntraatrial Pathway
3.3. Inernodal PathwayInernodal Pathway
4.4. Atrialventricular Atrialventricular NodeNode
5.5. Bundle of HisBundle of His
6.6. Right Bundle BranchRight Bundle Branch
7.7. Purkinje FibersPurkinje Fibers
8.8. Left Bundle BranchLeft Bundle Branch
Cardiac Cycle
Circulatory SystemRelevant formulas
Stroke volume (SV)Stroke volume (SV) = = milliliters of blood pumped per milliliters of blood pumped per beatbeat
Heart rate (HR) Heart rate (HR) = = number of beats per minutenumber of beats per minute
Cardiac output (CO) Cardiac output (CO) = = heart rate times stroke volumeheart rate times stroke volume CO = CO = HR x SVHR x SV
Pulse pressure (PP) Pulse pressure (PP) = = the difference between systolic the difference between systolic pressure (SP) and diastolic pressure (DP)pressure (SP) and diastolic pressure (DP)
PP = PP = SP – DPSP – DP
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) (2 equations): Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) (2 equations): Formula 1: MAP = Formula 1: MAP = diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressurepressure Formula 2: MAP = Formula 2: MAP = 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic 2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressurepressure
Flow of Blood Through the Body
vena cava right atrium tricuspid valve right ventricle pulmonary valve pulmonary artery pulmonary capillary bed pulmonary veins left atrium bicuspid (mitrial valve) left ventricle aortic valve aorta arteries arterioles tissue capillaries venules veins vena cava
Blood Vessels
ArteriesArteries ArterioleArteriole
ss VeinsVeins Venules Venules CapillarieCapillarie
ss
Functions of Blood
TransportationTransportation: : oxygen & carbon dioxide oxygen & carbon dioxide nutrients nutrients waste products (metabolic wastes, waste products (metabolic wastes,
excessive water, & ions) excessive water, & ions) RegulationRegulation - hormones & heat (to - hormones & heat (to
regulate body temperature)regulate body temperature) ProtectionProtection - clotting mechanism - clotting mechanism
protects against blood loss & protects against blood loss & leucocytes provide immunity against leucocytes provide immunity against many disease-causing agentsmany disease-causing agents
Blood Components
Formed elements: : Red blood cells (or erythrocytes) Red blood cells (or erythrocytes) White blood cells (or leucocytes) White blood cells (or leucocytes) Platelets (or thrombocytes) Platelets (or thrombocytes)
Plasma = water plus = water plus dissolved dissolved solutessolutes
Lymph Vessels Lymph vessels are thin walled, valved Lymph vessels are thin walled, valved
structures that carry lymph structures that carry lymph Lymph is not under pressure and is Lymph is not under pressure and is
propelled in a passive fashionpropelled in a passive fashion Fluid that leaks from the vascular Fluid that leaks from the vascular
system is returned to general system is returned to general circulation via lymphatic vessels. circulation via lymphatic vessels.
Lymph vessels act as a reservoir for Lymph vessels act as a reservoir for plasma and other substances including plasma and other substances including cells that leaked from the vascular cells that leaked from the vascular system system
Lymph Circulation
Interstitial fluid → Lymph → Lymph capillary → Afferent lymph vessel → Lymph node → Efferent lymph vessel → Lymph trunk → Lymph duct {Right lymphatic duct and Thoracic duct (left side)} → Subclavian vein (right and left) → Blood → Interstitial fluid...
Effects of Exercise
Circulatory SystemCirculatory System Exercise decreases the risk of Exercise decreases the risk of
atherosclerosis; it decreases BP or causes a atherosclerosis; it decreases BP or causes a slower rise in BPslower rise in BPExercise decreases LDLs, decreases Exercise decreases LDLs, decreases cholesterol, and increases HDLscholesterol, and increases HDLs
Skeletal SystemSkeletal System Exercise slows decline in minerals and Exercise slows decline in minerals and
maintains joint mobilitymaintains joint mobility
Major diseases of the Circulatory System
Arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, Arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, high high blood pressure, high cholesterol, stroke, and mycardial cholesterol, stroke, and mycardial infarctioninfarction
Symptoms of disordersSymptoms of disorders Treatments and preventionTreatments and prevention