Circulatory Diseases and Treatment Arrythmia or Dysrhythmia Any change from normal heart rate or...
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Transcript of Circulatory Diseases and Treatment Arrythmia or Dysrhythmia Any change from normal heart rate or...
Arrythmia or DysrhythmiaArrythmia or Dysrhythmia
Any change from normal heart rate or rhythm
BRADYCARDIA – slow heart rate (<60 bpm)
TACHYCARDIA – rapid heart rate (>100 bpm)
Blood PressureBlood Pressure Surge of blood when heart pumps
create pressure against the wall of the arteries.
Systolic Pressure
measured during the contraction phase Average Systolic = 120 mm Hg Range 100-140 mm hg Diastolic Pressure measured when the ventricles are relaxed Average Diastolic = 80 mm Hg Range 60-90 mm hg
HypertensionHypertension High blood pressure “Silent Killer” – often no
symptoms Can lead to strokes, heart
attacks, and kidney failure 140/90 mm Hg or higher African-Americans and post-
menopausal women are at higher risk
HypotensionHypotensionLow blood pressure
Systolic < 100
Symptoms include fainting due to lack of blood flow to the brain
Is a symptom of shock and heart block
Angina PectorisAngina Pectoris Chest pain, caused by
lack of oxygen to heart muscle
Often a warning before a heart attack
Treat with nitroglycerin to dilate coronary arteries – give this medicine sublingual
Causes of MICauses of MI
Blockage of coronary arteryBlood ClotAtherosclerosis- fatty plaque build-up on
arterial wallsArteriosclerosis-loss of elasticity and
thickening of wall of arteries
Myocardial Infarction (MI)Myocardial Infarction (MI)
MI or heart attack Lack of blood supply to the
myocardium causes damage Amount of damage depends
on size of area deprived of oxygen.
Myocardial Infarction (MI)Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Symptoms: Severe chest pain
radiating to left shoulder, arm, neck, & jaw Nausea Diaphoresis (sweating) Dyspnea (difficulty breathing)
Myocardial Infarction (MI)Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Immediate medical care is critical
Rx – bed rest, oxygen, medication
Morphine for pain TPA to dissolve a clot Anticoagulant therapy to
prevent further clots Angioplasty and by-pass
surgery may be necessary
AngioplastyAngioplasty Procedure to help open
clogged vessels (from arteriosclerosis)
May also be called “balloon surgery”
Catheter is inserted into a partially blocked artery and inflated.
Plaque is pushed outward and the artery widens to allow increased blood flow.
Coronary Artery BypassCoronary Artery Bypass
Usually, a healthy vein from the leg is removed and attached before and after the coronary obstruction, creating an alternate route for blood supply to the myocardium
Heart FailureHeart Failure
Ventricles unable to contract effectively and blood pools in the heart.
Right sided heart failure – engorgement of organs with venous blood occurs as well as edema and ascites (abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the abdominal cavity,)
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Heart FailureHeart Failure
Left ventricle unable to contract effectively.
Symptoms include: Edema in lower extremities Blood backs up into the lung vessels, and fluid extends into air passages (pulmonary edema) Dypsnea (difficulty breathing) occurs Lung congestion and coughing
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Treatment consists of drugs to strengthen heart beats (digoxin) and diuretics to reduce fluid.
If in danger of death due to heart failure – may need a heart transplant or implant
Heart TransplantHeart Transplant
Done for irreparably damaged myocardium, valves or blood vessels, or baby/child with congenital heart defect
Problem? compatibility Rx: Immunosuppressants
Large heart on right is the worn out one.Heart on left is the new heart!
Artificial HeartArtificial Heart
First used in 1982, it was called the Jarvik-7.
Barney Clark was first artificial heart transplant patient and he lived for 112 days.
Use of an artificial heart is meant to be temporary until donor heart can be found.
PacemakersPacemakers
Most are demand pacemakers which fire only when heart rates drops below programmed minimum (usually 60 beats per min.)
Used for patients in heart block – have an interruption of message from SA to AV node
Implantable DefibrillatorImplantable Defibrillator
FDA approved use of these in 1996 .
Through an electrode the computer in the defibrillator monitors the heartbeat.
If it detects an arrhythmia an the pacemaker cannot correct, it delivers an electrical jolt to the heart.
Other Cardiac TermsOther Cardiac Terms
CPR – cardiopulmonary resuscitation, used in the presence of cardiac arrest
DEFIBRILLATION – electrical shock to bring the heart back to a normal rhythm.
AED – automated external defibrillator
Varicose VeinsVaricose Veins
Painful, swollen, distended veins
Caused by heredity or due to posture, prolonged periods of standing, physical exertion, age and pregnancy