CIRCULATORY CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY AND RESPIRATORY

SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

Science, Technology, & Society

MR. CANOVAPeriod 11

CIRCULATORY SYSTEMCIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Transport and Distribution

Blood VesselsComponents of

Blood

Transport and DistributionTransport and Distribution

Molecules move throughout the cardiovascular system: (all through blood vessels)– Nutrients from digested food are transported to all cells– Oxygen from the lungs is transported to all cells

– Metabolic wastes (ie-CO2)

– Hormones– Heat is distributed to maintain a constant body

temperature

Types of Blood Vessels Types of Blood Vessels

Arteries– Carry blood away from the

heart through small passages called arterioles.

Capillaries– Tiny blood vessels that

allow the exchange of molecules in the blood.

Veins– Carry blood towards the

heart through small passages called venuoles.

Lymphatic System Lymphatic System

This system collects and recycles fluids leaked from the cardiovascular system and is involved in fighting infections.

It also acts as a key element in the immune system.

Components of Blood Components of Blood

4 Parts:– Plasma

60% of total volume of blood 90% water, 10% solutes

– Red Blood Cells Carry Oxygen and Hemoglobin Lack of causes anemia.

– White Blood Cells Also called leukocytes 2 for every 1000 RBC

– Platelets Clot blood Mutations cause hemophilia

BLOOD TYPES BLOOD TYPES

4 Major Types:– A– B– AB– O

– AB are considered UNIVERSAL RECIPIENTS

– O are considered UNIVERSAL DONORS

– Rh Factor- antigen on surface of red blood cells

The HEARTThe HEART

Organ made up of mostly cardiac muscle tissue which contracts to pump blood through the body.

2 circulatory loops:– Right side- Pulmonary circulation loop

Release of CO2 and Pickup of O2

– Left side-Systemic circulation loop Pumps oxygen-rich blood and returns oxygen-poor

blood

Circulation of BLOOD Circulation of BLOOD 1A) Superior Vena Cava

– Sends O-poor blood to #2 1B) Inferior Vena Cava

– Send O-poor blood to #2 2) Right Atrium 3) Right Ventricle 4) Pulmonary Arteries

– Send blood to lungs 5) Pulmonary Veins

– Return blood from lungs 6) Left Atrium 7) Left Ventricle 8) Aorta

Monitoring Cardiovascular SystemMonitoring Cardiovascular System

BLOOD PRESSURE:– Systolic

Heart Contracts Average 120 mmHg or less

– Diastolic Heart Relaxes Average 80 mmHg or less

ELECTROCARDIOGRAMS:– ECG or EKG

Electrical impulses PULSE:

– Pressure waves inside arteries Average 70 to 90 beats per

minute

PROBLEMS WITH HEARTPROBLEMS WITH HEART

ACUTE:– Sudden

Angina Heart Attack Stroke (Brain)

CHRONIC:– Long term

Myocarditis High Blood Pressure Stress High Cholesterol

RESPIRATORY SYSTEMRESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Gas exchangeBreathingGas TransportDiseases

THE PATHWAY OF AIRTHE PATHWAY OF AIR

1) Nose or Mouth– 21% of air is O2

2) Pharynx 3) Larynx

– Epiglottis covers opening 4) Trachea 5) Bronchi 6) Alveoli 7) Lungs 8) Diaphragm

BREATHINGBREATHING

Mechanical process that draws air into and out of the lungs

INHALATION-– Rib muscles contract– Chest cavity increases

EXHALATION-– Rib muscles relaxes– Chest cavity decreases

Oxygen TransportOxygen Transport

1) Oxygen is inhaled 2) Oxygen diffuses into blood 3) RBC carry Oxygen 4) Oxygen diffuses into cells 5) CO2 diffuses to the blood

6) CO2 travels in the blood

7) CO2 released to the alveoli

8) CO2 is exhaled

Carbon Dioxide TransportCarbon Dioxide Transport

7% of CO2 is dissolved in the blood plasma

23% of CO2 is attached to hemoglobin

70% of CO2 is carried to the blood as bicarbonate ions

RESPIRATORY DISEASESRESPIRATORY DISEASES

1) Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

2) EMPHYSEMA 3) CHRONIC BRONCHITIS 4) TUBERCULOSIS 5) LUNG CANCER 6) CYSTIC FIBROSIS 7) ASTHMA 8) PNEUMONIA