CIRCULAR ECONOMY MODEL FOR WATER AND …

CIRCULAR ECONOMY MODEL FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

John Ngoni Zvimba

UJ – MONTIPILIER WORKSHOP: NEW FRONTIERS IN SEPARATION PROCESSES & MEMBRANE DEVELOPMENT

17 – 19 July 2019

RETHINKING THE WATER VALUE CHAIN

Sludge to landfill

Sludge to landfill

Linear approach - Water and wastewater business cycle

(Waste)Water • Resource• Input• Product• Driver for

innovation

• 98% of all water resources already allocated

• Non‐revenue water is 36% on average ~R7 billion / year

• Ongoing water quality challenges

• By 2030 demand will outstrip supply by 17%

• 98% of all water resources already allocated

• Non‐revenue water is 36% on average ~R7 billion / year

• Ongoing water quality challenges

• By 2030 demand will outstrip supply by 17%

CIRCULAR ECONOMY MODEL FOR THE WATER SECTOR

• Harnessing industrialization drive and adoption of new business models to deliver added benefits e.g.:

• Extract maximum value from water/wastewater resources and prevent unnecessary waste from going to landfill

• Drive greater productivity/efficiency

• Provide stimulus to the local economy through new products/services & create jobs

• Minimize our impact on the environment

Glob

al challeng

es

A CIRCULAR PERSPECTIVE ON WATER MANAGEMENT

• Use of tech innovations or management models to:

• keep water free of contaminants• balance supply and demand• Promote sustainable water use /

efficiency

• Water abstraction rate does not exceed renewal rate

• Maximizing the value of existing water infrastructure by increasing utilization and ensuring better recovery of products

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Water‐smart circular economy

Reliable & resilient water

utilities

Thriving cities

Competitive water industry

Sustainable water use

Social and economic inclusion

Healthy water resources

Glob

al challeng

es

A Circular Perspective on Water Management

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utilities

Thriving cities





• Shift from linear to circular business models• Diversifying water sources• Risk governance

Glob

al challeng

es


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utilities

Thriving cities






• Water sensitive design• Smart water management• Green economic hubs

Glob

al challeng

es


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utilities

Thriving cities







• Innovating for efficiency• Forming partnerships for

impact/value creation• Creating & maintaining

skills

Glob

al challeng

es


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utilities

Thriving cities









skills

• Water efficiency• Water reuse

Glob

al challeng

es


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utilities

Thriving cities









skills


• Making water affordable

• Improving access• Addressing

poverty & unemployment

Glob

al challeng

es


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utilities

Thriving cities









skills


• Making water affordable

• Improving access• Addressing

poverty & unemployment

• Product recovery & recycling

• Innovative investment frameworks for water quality management

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RETHINKING THE WATER VALUE CHAIN – SMART UTILITIES

Glob

al challeng

es

Smart water technologies• Smart water Meters• Smart Valves• Smart Pipes• Smart water Quality meters• Smart Pumps• Smart water Analytics• DSS

• Customer• water use patterns • leak detection

• Utility• Leak detection• Demand management• Customer engagement• Water quality management• Supply system management

• Regulation• Price control• Monitoring provision of

services

EXAMPLE – WATER TREATMENT SLUDGE MANAGEMENT

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Glob

al challeng

es

• About 405 000 ton dry

solids/annum of

WTR is produced in

SA

• If 50% of the alum in the sludge is recovered and

reused ~ R 5.5m savings per annum per plant.

WTR

Stored onsite

Recovery of products

Beneficial uses

Disposal at landfill

MANAGING WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS

137% (60 out 824) WWTPs are functioning well

POLLUTED RIVERColiforms 3 500 000 per 100 mLFaecal coliforms 790 000 per 100 mL

Glob

al challeng

es

CATALYSING WWTPS INTO WASTE RESOURCE RECOVERY FACILITIES

90%of waste generated in South Africa continues to be sent to landfill for disposal

Waste management facilities in SA• 82% landfills

• 11%Wastewater treatment plants

• 7%Recovery centres

• Waste economy currently at R15b and provides 29 833 jobs, and 100% recycling can unlock R17bworth of resources/products

Sludge to landfill

Sludge to landfill

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SANITATION CIRCULAR ECONOMY

Old Sanitation ‐ Shifting Waste and Pollution with Incomplete Treatment

Next Generation Sanitation

Glob

al challeng

es

HARNESSING THE CIRCULAR MODEL

• 824 WWTWs generate sludge

• Beneficial uses of sludge

• 108WWTWs have anaerobic digesters

• Energy generation potential

• Resource recovery centres

• Potential for water reclamation • Still a few water reuse plants in SA

BIOGAS POTENTIAL FROM ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS

Max Ave Total

Biogas produced, m3/d 22 288 1 970 282 671

Thermal power at 23 MJ/m3, kWt

6 003 535 77 099

Electrical power at 36% eff, kWe

2 161 193 27 757

Electrical energy per day, kWh/d

51 865 4 925 657 765

Elec. energy cost per year at R0.60/kWh, R/a

3 539 321 1 077 482 143 942 502

60 ‐ 80% of the electricity can be offset by the electricity generated at the biogas plant

TT681

CATALYSING WWTPs INTO RESOURCE RECOVERY FACILITIES

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Polymeric Carbon Solid (PCS)TM Technology To water

reclamation plant

TT752

WATER RECOVERY AND REUSE

Formal usage of reclaimed water includes:

Potable (drinking water, either supplied directly or blended with raw water)AgriculturalIndustrial non-potable (reuse of treated wastewater or reuse of wastewater onsite)Domestic non-potable (fill swimming pools, toilet flushing, garden watering, car washing)Groundwater recharge (recharge of aquifers) e.g. Atlantis Managed Aquifer Recharge SchemeReturn to rivers – indirect reuse

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EXAMPLES OF RECENT AND PLANNED WATER REUSE PROJECTS

LOCATION Mℓ/d END USE MAIN PROCESS STATUSMossel Bay 5 Direct industrial BWRO, UF Implemented (zero prod)

George 10 Indirect potable UF Implemented (zero prod)

Beaufort West 2,3 Direct potable RO, AOP Implemented (1.2 ML/day)

Frasers WWTW 12 Direct potable UF, ROImplemented (1.5 - 6

ML/day)

Emalahleni WRP 30 Direct potable Implemented

Optimum Coal WRP 15 Direct potable UF, RO Implemented

City of Cape Town 20 Potential reuse MBR Under construction

Port Elizabeth (NMBM) 45 Industrial reuse MBR Feasibility and Tender

Hermanus (Overberg) 5 Direct potable Multi-barrier Feasibility and Tender

INNOVATION AS ACCELERATOR FOR ADOPTING CIRCULAR ECONOMY PRINCIPLES IN THE WASTEWATER SECTOR

Rethinking the water and sanitation value chain

Fostering innovation & beneficial partnership with communities

Creating new business models & jobs

Developing new skills & community investments

Reducing the carbon foot print

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For full text reports: www.wrc.org.za

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CIRCULAR ECONOMY MODEL FOR WATER AND …

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