Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT...
Transcript of Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT...
RACE
Taj Santacruz Mumbai
Dr Vijay G Habbu
12th April 2019
1
Circular Economy for
PLASTICS
2
1THE SUDDENLY EXPANDED WORLD OF PLASTICS
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Trends in Plastics
3
Plasticsare
rdquoESSENTIALrdquo
Packaging
Building amp Construction
Medicine amp Health
Sports amp Leisure
Agriculture
Electronics
Transport
Evolution is Natural Inevitable and Irreversible
Polymer Consumption by Application - Global
Packaging 24
Agriculture 23
Electronic 16
Houseware 10
Building 8
Transportation 4
Furniture 1
Others 14
Consumption by Application
bull Within Plastics Packaging accounts for the largest share of applicationsbull Within packaging materials Plastics (rigid + flexible) enjoy the highest share (42)
4
Growth in Global Plastics Production
Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF
5
311 MT(2014)
15 MT(1964)
6
2CONSEQUENCES OF UNCONTROLLED USAGE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
7
Marine pollution
There are concerns and global actions on marine litter
Plastics ndash consequences in 2050
8
Marine littering endangering the natural denizens
9
10
Microfibres Studies and news coverage
BeatPlasticPollution Actions speaks louder than Words
THE PARADOX PROBLEM GETS PACKED IN THE SAME PROPAGANDA
12
3SUSTAINABILITY
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
13
MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
(Equitable)(Bearable)
(Viable)
Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics
Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016
4 Process Losses
8 Cascaded Recycling
2 Closed-loop recycling
98 Virgin Feedstock
40 Landfilled78 Million
Tonnes(Annual Prodution)
32 leakage
14 collected for Recycling
14
1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application
2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications
Source
Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report
available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg
14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery
Changing economies
All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15
The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning
RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses
Plastic
Identification
Code
Name of the plastic
(Polymer)
Constituents of the plastic
(Monomers)
Typical End Uses
(Food amp Non-Food)
Polyethylene terephthalate
(PET PETE)
Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +
Ethylene glycol (or MEG)
Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and
Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films
furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films
Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings
Furniture etc
Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films
Automotive and Electronic components Textiles
Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc
Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and
containers Foams Insulations etc
All Other recyclable plastics
Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)
Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS)]
PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or
Diphenyl carbonate
ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene
PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive
components Construction tools Data Storage devices
ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes
Instruments body parts etc
16
As per IS 14534 (1998)
Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective
17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK
PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES
Litterability
Retrievablity
RecyclabilityEPR
obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING
Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals
Personal hygiene other articles
RIGID
Single Polymer
Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs
Low High EASY Low
Multi Polymer
bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods
High High Medium Medium
Multi Material
Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)
footwear razors High High Difficult High
FLEIXIBLE
Single Polymer
milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers
cables wires dental floss
High Low Easy Medium
Multi Polymer
toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High
Multi material
wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets
toys High Low Difficult Very high
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR
18
The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES
REDUCE
REUSE
RESPECTFULLY RETURN
ndash Collect Segregate
RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)
REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL
RECOVER (ENERGY)
19
VALUE RECOVERY
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES
RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE
RECOVER ENERGY
- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)
Controlled burning
- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)
UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL
- Plastics in Roads
- Decorative items
PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data
wwwpetrecyclingin
Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time
ILSI - India
bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017
80 PET
recycling in India
70 PET recycling in India into
TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10
Another 10 remains in indoors
20
World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber
R-PET fibres boosting performance
IPL Indian team
R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion
22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019
ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand
An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces
The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag
Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious
23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN
UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019
PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS
24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life
PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe
Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer
Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India
26
bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines
bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA
bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA
bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA
bull Plastics Recycling rate 60
bull PET recycling rate 90
bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for
bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer
bull Garbage Bags
bull Food Bags
bull One time use sachets
bull Sanitary WasteDiapers
Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015
Cling Wrap4
Food Bags5
Garbage Bags8 Straws
7 Retails Bags7
Packaging8
Bottle Caps and
Lids12
PET bottles
10
Chips and Confectionery Bags
19
Others20
httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml
Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
2
1THE SUDDENLY EXPANDED WORLD OF PLASTICS
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Trends in Plastics
3
Plasticsare
rdquoESSENTIALrdquo
Packaging
Building amp Construction
Medicine amp Health
Sports amp Leisure
Agriculture
Electronics
Transport
Evolution is Natural Inevitable and Irreversible
Polymer Consumption by Application - Global
Packaging 24
Agriculture 23
Electronic 16
Houseware 10
Building 8
Transportation 4
Furniture 1
Others 14
Consumption by Application
bull Within Plastics Packaging accounts for the largest share of applicationsbull Within packaging materials Plastics (rigid + flexible) enjoy the highest share (42)
4
Growth in Global Plastics Production
Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF
5
311 MT(2014)
15 MT(1964)
6
2CONSEQUENCES OF UNCONTROLLED USAGE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
7
Marine pollution
There are concerns and global actions on marine litter
Plastics ndash consequences in 2050
8
Marine littering endangering the natural denizens
9
10
Microfibres Studies and news coverage
BeatPlasticPollution Actions speaks louder than Words
THE PARADOX PROBLEM GETS PACKED IN THE SAME PROPAGANDA
12
3SUSTAINABILITY
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
13
MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
(Equitable)(Bearable)
(Viable)
Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics
Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016
4 Process Losses
8 Cascaded Recycling
2 Closed-loop recycling
98 Virgin Feedstock
40 Landfilled78 Million
Tonnes(Annual Prodution)
32 leakage
14 collected for Recycling
14
1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application
2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications
Source
Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report
available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg
14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery
Changing economies
All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15
The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning
RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses
Plastic
Identification
Code
Name of the plastic
(Polymer)
Constituents of the plastic
(Monomers)
Typical End Uses
(Food amp Non-Food)
Polyethylene terephthalate
(PET PETE)
Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +
Ethylene glycol (or MEG)
Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and
Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films
furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films
Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings
Furniture etc
Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films
Automotive and Electronic components Textiles
Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc
Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and
containers Foams Insulations etc
All Other recyclable plastics
Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)
Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS)]
PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or
Diphenyl carbonate
ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene
PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive
components Construction tools Data Storage devices
ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes
Instruments body parts etc
16
As per IS 14534 (1998)
Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective
17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK
PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES
Litterability
Retrievablity
RecyclabilityEPR
obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING
Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals
Personal hygiene other articles
RIGID
Single Polymer
Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs
Low High EASY Low
Multi Polymer
bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods
High High Medium Medium
Multi Material
Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)
footwear razors High High Difficult High
FLEIXIBLE
Single Polymer
milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers
cables wires dental floss
High Low Easy Medium
Multi Polymer
toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High
Multi material
wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets
toys High Low Difficult Very high
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR
18
The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES
REDUCE
REUSE
RESPECTFULLY RETURN
ndash Collect Segregate
RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)
REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL
RECOVER (ENERGY)
19
VALUE RECOVERY
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES
RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE
RECOVER ENERGY
- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)
Controlled burning
- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)
UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL
- Plastics in Roads
- Decorative items
PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data
wwwpetrecyclingin
Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time
ILSI - India
bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017
80 PET
recycling in India
70 PET recycling in India into
TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10
Another 10 remains in indoors
20
World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber
R-PET fibres boosting performance
IPL Indian team
R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion
22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019
ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand
An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces
The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag
Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious
23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN
UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019
PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS
24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life
PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe
Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer
Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India
26
bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines
bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA
bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA
bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA
bull Plastics Recycling rate 60
bull PET recycling rate 90
bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for
bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer
bull Garbage Bags
bull Food Bags
bull One time use sachets
bull Sanitary WasteDiapers
Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015
Cling Wrap4
Food Bags5
Garbage Bags8 Straws
7 Retails Bags7
Packaging8
Bottle Caps and
Lids12
PET bottles
10
Chips and Confectionery Bags
19
Others20
httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml
Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
Trends in Plastics
3
Plasticsare
rdquoESSENTIALrdquo
Packaging
Building amp Construction
Medicine amp Health
Sports amp Leisure
Agriculture
Electronics
Transport
Evolution is Natural Inevitable and Irreversible
Polymer Consumption by Application - Global
Packaging 24
Agriculture 23
Electronic 16
Houseware 10
Building 8
Transportation 4
Furniture 1
Others 14
Consumption by Application
bull Within Plastics Packaging accounts for the largest share of applicationsbull Within packaging materials Plastics (rigid + flexible) enjoy the highest share (42)
4
Growth in Global Plastics Production
Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF
5
311 MT(2014)
15 MT(1964)
6
2CONSEQUENCES OF UNCONTROLLED USAGE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
7
Marine pollution
There are concerns and global actions on marine litter
Plastics ndash consequences in 2050
8
Marine littering endangering the natural denizens
9
10
Microfibres Studies and news coverage
BeatPlasticPollution Actions speaks louder than Words
THE PARADOX PROBLEM GETS PACKED IN THE SAME PROPAGANDA
12
3SUSTAINABILITY
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
13
MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
(Equitable)(Bearable)
(Viable)
Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics
Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016
4 Process Losses
8 Cascaded Recycling
2 Closed-loop recycling
98 Virgin Feedstock
40 Landfilled78 Million
Tonnes(Annual Prodution)
32 leakage
14 collected for Recycling
14
1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application
2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications
Source
Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report
available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg
14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery
Changing economies
All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15
The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning
RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses
Plastic
Identification
Code
Name of the plastic
(Polymer)
Constituents of the plastic
(Monomers)
Typical End Uses
(Food amp Non-Food)
Polyethylene terephthalate
(PET PETE)
Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +
Ethylene glycol (or MEG)
Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and
Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films
furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films
Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings
Furniture etc
Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films
Automotive and Electronic components Textiles
Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc
Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and
containers Foams Insulations etc
All Other recyclable plastics
Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)
Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS)]
PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or
Diphenyl carbonate
ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene
PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive
components Construction tools Data Storage devices
ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes
Instruments body parts etc
16
As per IS 14534 (1998)
Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective
17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK
PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES
Litterability
Retrievablity
RecyclabilityEPR
obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING
Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals
Personal hygiene other articles
RIGID
Single Polymer
Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs
Low High EASY Low
Multi Polymer
bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods
High High Medium Medium
Multi Material
Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)
footwear razors High High Difficult High
FLEIXIBLE
Single Polymer
milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers
cables wires dental floss
High Low Easy Medium
Multi Polymer
toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High
Multi material
wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets
toys High Low Difficult Very high
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR
18
The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES
REDUCE
REUSE
RESPECTFULLY RETURN
ndash Collect Segregate
RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)
REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL
RECOVER (ENERGY)
19
VALUE RECOVERY
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES
RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE
RECOVER ENERGY
- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)
Controlled burning
- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)
UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL
- Plastics in Roads
- Decorative items
PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data
wwwpetrecyclingin
Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time
ILSI - India
bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017
80 PET
recycling in India
70 PET recycling in India into
TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10
Another 10 remains in indoors
20
World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber
R-PET fibres boosting performance
IPL Indian team
R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion
22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019
ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand
An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces
The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag
Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious
23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN
UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019
PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS
24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life
PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe
Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer
Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India
26
bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines
bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA
bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA
bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA
bull Plastics Recycling rate 60
bull PET recycling rate 90
bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for
bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer
bull Garbage Bags
bull Food Bags
bull One time use sachets
bull Sanitary WasteDiapers
Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015
Cling Wrap4
Food Bags5
Garbage Bags8 Straws
7 Retails Bags7
Packaging8
Bottle Caps and
Lids12
PET bottles
10
Chips and Confectionery Bags
19
Others20
httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml
Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
Polymer Consumption by Application - Global
Packaging 24
Agriculture 23
Electronic 16
Houseware 10
Building 8
Transportation 4
Furniture 1
Others 14
Consumption by Application
bull Within Plastics Packaging accounts for the largest share of applicationsbull Within packaging materials Plastics (rigid + flexible) enjoy the highest share (42)
4
Growth in Global Plastics Production
Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF
5
311 MT(2014)
15 MT(1964)
6
2CONSEQUENCES OF UNCONTROLLED USAGE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
7
Marine pollution
There are concerns and global actions on marine litter
Plastics ndash consequences in 2050
8
Marine littering endangering the natural denizens
9
10
Microfibres Studies and news coverage
BeatPlasticPollution Actions speaks louder than Words
THE PARADOX PROBLEM GETS PACKED IN THE SAME PROPAGANDA
12
3SUSTAINABILITY
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
13
MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
(Equitable)(Bearable)
(Viable)
Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics
Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016
4 Process Losses
8 Cascaded Recycling
2 Closed-loop recycling
98 Virgin Feedstock
40 Landfilled78 Million
Tonnes(Annual Prodution)
32 leakage
14 collected for Recycling
14
1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application
2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications
Source
Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report
available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg
14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery
Changing economies
All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15
The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning
RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses
Plastic
Identification
Code
Name of the plastic
(Polymer)
Constituents of the plastic
(Monomers)
Typical End Uses
(Food amp Non-Food)
Polyethylene terephthalate
(PET PETE)
Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +
Ethylene glycol (or MEG)
Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and
Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films
furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films
Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings
Furniture etc
Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films
Automotive and Electronic components Textiles
Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc
Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and
containers Foams Insulations etc
All Other recyclable plastics
Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)
Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS)]
PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or
Diphenyl carbonate
ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene
PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive
components Construction tools Data Storage devices
ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes
Instruments body parts etc
16
As per IS 14534 (1998)
Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective
17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK
PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES
Litterability
Retrievablity
RecyclabilityEPR
obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING
Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals
Personal hygiene other articles
RIGID
Single Polymer
Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs
Low High EASY Low
Multi Polymer
bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods
High High Medium Medium
Multi Material
Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)
footwear razors High High Difficult High
FLEIXIBLE
Single Polymer
milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers
cables wires dental floss
High Low Easy Medium
Multi Polymer
toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High
Multi material
wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets
toys High Low Difficult Very high
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR
18
The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES
REDUCE
REUSE
RESPECTFULLY RETURN
ndash Collect Segregate
RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)
REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL
RECOVER (ENERGY)
19
VALUE RECOVERY
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES
RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE
RECOVER ENERGY
- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)
Controlled burning
- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)
UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL
- Plastics in Roads
- Decorative items
PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data
wwwpetrecyclingin
Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time
ILSI - India
bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017
80 PET
recycling in India
70 PET recycling in India into
TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10
Another 10 remains in indoors
20
World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber
R-PET fibres boosting performance
IPL Indian team
R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion
22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019
ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand
An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces
The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag
Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious
23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN
UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019
PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS
24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life
PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe
Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer
Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India
26
bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines
bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA
bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA
bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA
bull Plastics Recycling rate 60
bull PET recycling rate 90
bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for
bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer
bull Garbage Bags
bull Food Bags
bull One time use sachets
bull Sanitary WasteDiapers
Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015
Cling Wrap4
Food Bags5
Garbage Bags8 Straws
7 Retails Bags7
Packaging8
Bottle Caps and
Lids12
PET bottles
10
Chips and Confectionery Bags
19
Others20
httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml
Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
Growth in Global Plastics Production
Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF
5
311 MT(2014)
15 MT(1964)
6
2CONSEQUENCES OF UNCONTROLLED USAGE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
7
Marine pollution
There are concerns and global actions on marine litter
Plastics ndash consequences in 2050
8
Marine littering endangering the natural denizens
9
10
Microfibres Studies and news coverage
BeatPlasticPollution Actions speaks louder than Words
THE PARADOX PROBLEM GETS PACKED IN THE SAME PROPAGANDA
12
3SUSTAINABILITY
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
13
MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
(Equitable)(Bearable)
(Viable)
Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics
Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016
4 Process Losses
8 Cascaded Recycling
2 Closed-loop recycling
98 Virgin Feedstock
40 Landfilled78 Million
Tonnes(Annual Prodution)
32 leakage
14 collected for Recycling
14
1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application
2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications
Source
Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report
available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg
14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery
Changing economies
All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15
The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning
RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses
Plastic
Identification
Code
Name of the plastic
(Polymer)
Constituents of the plastic
(Monomers)
Typical End Uses
(Food amp Non-Food)
Polyethylene terephthalate
(PET PETE)
Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +
Ethylene glycol (or MEG)
Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and
Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films
furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films
Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings
Furniture etc
Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films
Automotive and Electronic components Textiles
Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc
Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and
containers Foams Insulations etc
All Other recyclable plastics
Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)
Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS)]
PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or
Diphenyl carbonate
ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene
PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive
components Construction tools Data Storage devices
ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes
Instruments body parts etc
16
As per IS 14534 (1998)
Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective
17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK
PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES
Litterability
Retrievablity
RecyclabilityEPR
obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING
Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals
Personal hygiene other articles
RIGID
Single Polymer
Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs
Low High EASY Low
Multi Polymer
bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods
High High Medium Medium
Multi Material
Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)
footwear razors High High Difficult High
FLEIXIBLE
Single Polymer
milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers
cables wires dental floss
High Low Easy Medium
Multi Polymer
toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High
Multi material
wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets
toys High Low Difficult Very high
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR
18
The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES
REDUCE
REUSE
RESPECTFULLY RETURN
ndash Collect Segregate
RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)
REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL
RECOVER (ENERGY)
19
VALUE RECOVERY
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES
RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE
RECOVER ENERGY
- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)
Controlled burning
- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)
UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL
- Plastics in Roads
- Decorative items
PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data
wwwpetrecyclingin
Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time
ILSI - India
bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017
80 PET
recycling in India
70 PET recycling in India into
TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10
Another 10 remains in indoors
20
World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber
R-PET fibres boosting performance
IPL Indian team
R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion
22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019
ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand
An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces
The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag
Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious
23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN
UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019
PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS
24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life
PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe
Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer
Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India
26
bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines
bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA
bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA
bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA
bull Plastics Recycling rate 60
bull PET recycling rate 90
bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for
bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer
bull Garbage Bags
bull Food Bags
bull One time use sachets
bull Sanitary WasteDiapers
Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015
Cling Wrap4
Food Bags5
Garbage Bags8 Straws
7 Retails Bags7
Packaging8
Bottle Caps and
Lids12
PET bottles
10
Chips and Confectionery Bags
19
Others20
httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml
Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
6
2CONSEQUENCES OF UNCONTROLLED USAGE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
7
Marine pollution
There are concerns and global actions on marine litter
Plastics ndash consequences in 2050
8
Marine littering endangering the natural denizens
9
10
Microfibres Studies and news coverage
BeatPlasticPollution Actions speaks louder than Words
THE PARADOX PROBLEM GETS PACKED IN THE SAME PROPAGANDA
12
3SUSTAINABILITY
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
13
MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
(Equitable)(Bearable)
(Viable)
Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics
Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016
4 Process Losses
8 Cascaded Recycling
2 Closed-loop recycling
98 Virgin Feedstock
40 Landfilled78 Million
Tonnes(Annual Prodution)
32 leakage
14 collected for Recycling
14
1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application
2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications
Source
Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report
available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg
14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery
Changing economies
All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15
The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning
RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses
Plastic
Identification
Code
Name of the plastic
(Polymer)
Constituents of the plastic
(Monomers)
Typical End Uses
(Food amp Non-Food)
Polyethylene terephthalate
(PET PETE)
Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +
Ethylene glycol (or MEG)
Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and
Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films
furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films
Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings
Furniture etc
Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films
Automotive and Electronic components Textiles
Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc
Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and
containers Foams Insulations etc
All Other recyclable plastics
Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)
Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS)]
PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or
Diphenyl carbonate
ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene
PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive
components Construction tools Data Storage devices
ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes
Instruments body parts etc
16
As per IS 14534 (1998)
Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective
17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK
PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES
Litterability
Retrievablity
RecyclabilityEPR
obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING
Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals
Personal hygiene other articles
RIGID
Single Polymer
Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs
Low High EASY Low
Multi Polymer
bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods
High High Medium Medium
Multi Material
Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)
footwear razors High High Difficult High
FLEIXIBLE
Single Polymer
milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers
cables wires dental floss
High Low Easy Medium
Multi Polymer
toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High
Multi material
wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets
toys High Low Difficult Very high
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR
18
The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES
REDUCE
REUSE
RESPECTFULLY RETURN
ndash Collect Segregate
RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)
REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL
RECOVER (ENERGY)
19
VALUE RECOVERY
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES
RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE
RECOVER ENERGY
- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)
Controlled burning
- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)
UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL
- Plastics in Roads
- Decorative items
PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data
wwwpetrecyclingin
Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time
ILSI - India
bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017
80 PET
recycling in India
70 PET recycling in India into
TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10
Another 10 remains in indoors
20
World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber
R-PET fibres boosting performance
IPL Indian team
R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion
22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019
ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand
An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces
The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag
Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious
23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN
UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019
PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS
24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life
PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe
Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer
Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India
26
bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines
bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA
bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA
bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA
bull Plastics Recycling rate 60
bull PET recycling rate 90
bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for
bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer
bull Garbage Bags
bull Food Bags
bull One time use sachets
bull Sanitary WasteDiapers
Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015
Cling Wrap4
Food Bags5
Garbage Bags8 Straws
7 Retails Bags7
Packaging8
Bottle Caps and
Lids12
PET bottles
10
Chips and Confectionery Bags
19
Others20
httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml
Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
7
Marine pollution
There are concerns and global actions on marine litter
Plastics ndash consequences in 2050
8
Marine littering endangering the natural denizens
9
10
Microfibres Studies and news coverage
BeatPlasticPollution Actions speaks louder than Words
THE PARADOX PROBLEM GETS PACKED IN THE SAME PROPAGANDA
12
3SUSTAINABILITY
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
13
MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
(Equitable)(Bearable)
(Viable)
Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics
Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016
4 Process Losses
8 Cascaded Recycling
2 Closed-loop recycling
98 Virgin Feedstock
40 Landfilled78 Million
Tonnes(Annual Prodution)
32 leakage
14 collected for Recycling
14
1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application
2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications
Source
Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report
available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg
14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery
Changing economies
All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15
The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning
RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses
Plastic
Identification
Code
Name of the plastic
(Polymer)
Constituents of the plastic
(Monomers)
Typical End Uses
(Food amp Non-Food)
Polyethylene terephthalate
(PET PETE)
Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +
Ethylene glycol (or MEG)
Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and
Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films
furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films
Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings
Furniture etc
Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films
Automotive and Electronic components Textiles
Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc
Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and
containers Foams Insulations etc
All Other recyclable plastics
Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)
Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS)]
PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or
Diphenyl carbonate
ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene
PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive
components Construction tools Data Storage devices
ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes
Instruments body parts etc
16
As per IS 14534 (1998)
Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective
17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK
PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES
Litterability
Retrievablity
RecyclabilityEPR
obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING
Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals
Personal hygiene other articles
RIGID
Single Polymer
Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs
Low High EASY Low
Multi Polymer
bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods
High High Medium Medium
Multi Material
Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)
footwear razors High High Difficult High
FLEIXIBLE
Single Polymer
milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers
cables wires dental floss
High Low Easy Medium
Multi Polymer
toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High
Multi material
wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets
toys High Low Difficult Very high
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR
18
The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES
REDUCE
REUSE
RESPECTFULLY RETURN
ndash Collect Segregate
RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)
REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL
RECOVER (ENERGY)
19
VALUE RECOVERY
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES
RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE
RECOVER ENERGY
- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)
Controlled burning
- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)
UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL
- Plastics in Roads
- Decorative items
PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data
wwwpetrecyclingin
Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time
ILSI - India
bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017
80 PET
recycling in India
70 PET recycling in India into
TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10
Another 10 remains in indoors
20
World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber
R-PET fibres boosting performance
IPL Indian team
R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion
22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019
ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand
An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces
The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag
Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious
23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN
UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019
PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS
24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life
PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe
Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer
Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India
26
bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines
bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA
bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA
bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA
bull Plastics Recycling rate 60
bull PET recycling rate 90
bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for
bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer
bull Garbage Bags
bull Food Bags
bull One time use sachets
bull Sanitary WasteDiapers
Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015
Cling Wrap4
Food Bags5
Garbage Bags8 Straws
7 Retails Bags7
Packaging8
Bottle Caps and
Lids12
PET bottles
10
Chips and Confectionery Bags
19
Others20
httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml
Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
Plastics ndash consequences in 2050
8
Marine littering endangering the natural denizens
9
10
Microfibres Studies and news coverage
BeatPlasticPollution Actions speaks louder than Words
THE PARADOX PROBLEM GETS PACKED IN THE SAME PROPAGANDA
12
3SUSTAINABILITY
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
13
MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
(Equitable)(Bearable)
(Viable)
Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics
Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016
4 Process Losses
8 Cascaded Recycling
2 Closed-loop recycling
98 Virgin Feedstock
40 Landfilled78 Million
Tonnes(Annual Prodution)
32 leakage
14 collected for Recycling
14
1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application
2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications
Source
Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report
available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg
14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery
Changing economies
All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15
The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning
RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses
Plastic
Identification
Code
Name of the plastic
(Polymer)
Constituents of the plastic
(Monomers)
Typical End Uses
(Food amp Non-Food)
Polyethylene terephthalate
(PET PETE)
Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +
Ethylene glycol (or MEG)
Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and
Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films
furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films
Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings
Furniture etc
Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films
Automotive and Electronic components Textiles
Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc
Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and
containers Foams Insulations etc
All Other recyclable plastics
Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)
Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS)]
PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or
Diphenyl carbonate
ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene
PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive
components Construction tools Data Storage devices
ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes
Instruments body parts etc
16
As per IS 14534 (1998)
Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective
17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK
PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES
Litterability
Retrievablity
RecyclabilityEPR
obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING
Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals
Personal hygiene other articles
RIGID
Single Polymer
Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs
Low High EASY Low
Multi Polymer
bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods
High High Medium Medium
Multi Material
Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)
footwear razors High High Difficult High
FLEIXIBLE
Single Polymer
milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers
cables wires dental floss
High Low Easy Medium
Multi Polymer
toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High
Multi material
wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets
toys High Low Difficult Very high
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR
18
The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES
REDUCE
REUSE
RESPECTFULLY RETURN
ndash Collect Segregate
RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)
REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL
RECOVER (ENERGY)
19
VALUE RECOVERY
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES
RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE
RECOVER ENERGY
- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)
Controlled burning
- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)
UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL
- Plastics in Roads
- Decorative items
PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data
wwwpetrecyclingin
Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time
ILSI - India
bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017
80 PET
recycling in India
70 PET recycling in India into
TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10
Another 10 remains in indoors
20
World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber
R-PET fibres boosting performance
IPL Indian team
R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion
22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019
ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand
An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces
The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag
Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious
23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN
UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019
PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS
24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life
PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe
Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer
Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India
26
bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines
bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA
bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA
bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA
bull Plastics Recycling rate 60
bull PET recycling rate 90
bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for
bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer
bull Garbage Bags
bull Food Bags
bull One time use sachets
bull Sanitary WasteDiapers
Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015
Cling Wrap4
Food Bags5
Garbage Bags8 Straws
7 Retails Bags7
Packaging8
Bottle Caps and
Lids12
PET bottles
10
Chips and Confectionery Bags
19
Others20
httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml
Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
Marine littering endangering the natural denizens
9
10
Microfibres Studies and news coverage
BeatPlasticPollution Actions speaks louder than Words
THE PARADOX PROBLEM GETS PACKED IN THE SAME PROPAGANDA
12
3SUSTAINABILITY
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
13
MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
(Equitable)(Bearable)
(Viable)
Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics
Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016
4 Process Losses
8 Cascaded Recycling
2 Closed-loop recycling
98 Virgin Feedstock
40 Landfilled78 Million
Tonnes(Annual Prodution)
32 leakage
14 collected for Recycling
14
1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application
2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications
Source
Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report
available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg
14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery
Changing economies
All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15
The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning
RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses
Plastic
Identification
Code
Name of the plastic
(Polymer)
Constituents of the plastic
(Monomers)
Typical End Uses
(Food amp Non-Food)
Polyethylene terephthalate
(PET PETE)
Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +
Ethylene glycol (or MEG)
Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and
Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films
furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films
Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings
Furniture etc
Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films
Automotive and Electronic components Textiles
Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc
Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and
containers Foams Insulations etc
All Other recyclable plastics
Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)
Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS)]
PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or
Diphenyl carbonate
ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene
PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive
components Construction tools Data Storage devices
ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes
Instruments body parts etc
16
As per IS 14534 (1998)
Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective
17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK
PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES
Litterability
Retrievablity
RecyclabilityEPR
obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING
Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals
Personal hygiene other articles
RIGID
Single Polymer
Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs
Low High EASY Low
Multi Polymer
bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods
High High Medium Medium
Multi Material
Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)
footwear razors High High Difficult High
FLEIXIBLE
Single Polymer
milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers
cables wires dental floss
High Low Easy Medium
Multi Polymer
toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High
Multi material
wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets
toys High Low Difficult Very high
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR
18
The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES
REDUCE
REUSE
RESPECTFULLY RETURN
ndash Collect Segregate
RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)
REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL
RECOVER (ENERGY)
19
VALUE RECOVERY
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES
RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE
RECOVER ENERGY
- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)
Controlled burning
- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)
UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL
- Plastics in Roads
- Decorative items
PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data
wwwpetrecyclingin
Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time
ILSI - India
bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017
80 PET
recycling in India
70 PET recycling in India into
TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10
Another 10 remains in indoors
20
World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber
R-PET fibres boosting performance
IPL Indian team
R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion
22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019
ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand
An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces
The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag
Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious
23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN
UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019
PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS
24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life
PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe
Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer
Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India
26
bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines
bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA
bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA
bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA
bull Plastics Recycling rate 60
bull PET recycling rate 90
bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for
bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer
bull Garbage Bags
bull Food Bags
bull One time use sachets
bull Sanitary WasteDiapers
Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015
Cling Wrap4
Food Bags5
Garbage Bags8 Straws
7 Retails Bags7
Packaging8
Bottle Caps and
Lids12
PET bottles
10
Chips and Confectionery Bags
19
Others20
httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml
Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
10
Microfibres Studies and news coverage
BeatPlasticPollution Actions speaks louder than Words
THE PARADOX PROBLEM GETS PACKED IN THE SAME PROPAGANDA
12
3SUSTAINABILITY
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
13
MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
(Equitable)(Bearable)
(Viable)
Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics
Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016
4 Process Losses
8 Cascaded Recycling
2 Closed-loop recycling
98 Virgin Feedstock
40 Landfilled78 Million
Tonnes(Annual Prodution)
32 leakage
14 collected for Recycling
14
1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application
2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications
Source
Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report
available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg
14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery
Changing economies
All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15
The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning
RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses
Plastic
Identification
Code
Name of the plastic
(Polymer)
Constituents of the plastic
(Monomers)
Typical End Uses
(Food amp Non-Food)
Polyethylene terephthalate
(PET PETE)
Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +
Ethylene glycol (or MEG)
Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and
Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films
furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films
Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings
Furniture etc
Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films
Automotive and Electronic components Textiles
Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc
Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and
containers Foams Insulations etc
All Other recyclable plastics
Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)
Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS)]
PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or
Diphenyl carbonate
ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene
PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive
components Construction tools Data Storage devices
ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes
Instruments body parts etc
16
As per IS 14534 (1998)
Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective
17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK
PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES
Litterability
Retrievablity
RecyclabilityEPR
obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING
Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals
Personal hygiene other articles
RIGID
Single Polymer
Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs
Low High EASY Low
Multi Polymer
bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods
High High Medium Medium
Multi Material
Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)
footwear razors High High Difficult High
FLEIXIBLE
Single Polymer
milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers
cables wires dental floss
High Low Easy Medium
Multi Polymer
toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High
Multi material
wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets
toys High Low Difficult Very high
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR
18
The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES
REDUCE
REUSE
RESPECTFULLY RETURN
ndash Collect Segregate
RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)
REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL
RECOVER (ENERGY)
19
VALUE RECOVERY
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES
RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE
RECOVER ENERGY
- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)
Controlled burning
- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)
UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL
- Plastics in Roads
- Decorative items
PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data
wwwpetrecyclingin
Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time
ILSI - India
bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017
80 PET
recycling in India
70 PET recycling in India into
TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10
Another 10 remains in indoors
20
World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber
R-PET fibres boosting performance
IPL Indian team
R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion
22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019
ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand
An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces
The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag
Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious
23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN
UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019
PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS
24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life
PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe
Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer
Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India
26
bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines
bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA
bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA
bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA
bull Plastics Recycling rate 60
bull PET recycling rate 90
bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for
bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer
bull Garbage Bags
bull Food Bags
bull One time use sachets
bull Sanitary WasteDiapers
Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015
Cling Wrap4
Food Bags5
Garbage Bags8 Straws
7 Retails Bags7
Packaging8
Bottle Caps and
Lids12
PET bottles
10
Chips and Confectionery Bags
19
Others20
httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml
Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
BeatPlasticPollution Actions speaks louder than Words
THE PARADOX PROBLEM GETS PACKED IN THE SAME PROPAGANDA
12
3SUSTAINABILITY
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
13
MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
(Equitable)(Bearable)
(Viable)
Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics
Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016
4 Process Losses
8 Cascaded Recycling
2 Closed-loop recycling
98 Virgin Feedstock
40 Landfilled78 Million
Tonnes(Annual Prodution)
32 leakage
14 collected for Recycling
14
1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application
2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications
Source
Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report
available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg
14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery
Changing economies
All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15
The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning
RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses
Plastic
Identification
Code
Name of the plastic
(Polymer)
Constituents of the plastic
(Monomers)
Typical End Uses
(Food amp Non-Food)
Polyethylene terephthalate
(PET PETE)
Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +
Ethylene glycol (or MEG)
Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and
Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films
furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films
Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings
Furniture etc
Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films
Automotive and Electronic components Textiles
Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc
Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and
containers Foams Insulations etc
All Other recyclable plastics
Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)
Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS)]
PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or
Diphenyl carbonate
ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene
PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive
components Construction tools Data Storage devices
ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes
Instruments body parts etc
16
As per IS 14534 (1998)
Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective
17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK
PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES
Litterability
Retrievablity
RecyclabilityEPR
obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING
Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals
Personal hygiene other articles
RIGID
Single Polymer
Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs
Low High EASY Low
Multi Polymer
bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods
High High Medium Medium
Multi Material
Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)
footwear razors High High Difficult High
FLEIXIBLE
Single Polymer
milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers
cables wires dental floss
High Low Easy Medium
Multi Polymer
toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High
Multi material
wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets
toys High Low Difficult Very high
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR
18
The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES
REDUCE
REUSE
RESPECTFULLY RETURN
ndash Collect Segregate
RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)
REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL
RECOVER (ENERGY)
19
VALUE RECOVERY
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES
RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE
RECOVER ENERGY
- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)
Controlled burning
- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)
UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL
- Plastics in Roads
- Decorative items
PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data
wwwpetrecyclingin
Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time
ILSI - India
bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017
80 PET
recycling in India
70 PET recycling in India into
TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10
Another 10 remains in indoors
20
World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber
R-PET fibres boosting performance
IPL Indian team
R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion
22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019
ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand
An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces
The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag
Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious
23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN
UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019
PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS
24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life
PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe
Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer
Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India
26
bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines
bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA
bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA
bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA
bull Plastics Recycling rate 60
bull PET recycling rate 90
bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for
bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer
bull Garbage Bags
bull Food Bags
bull One time use sachets
bull Sanitary WasteDiapers
Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015
Cling Wrap4
Food Bags5
Garbage Bags8 Straws
7 Retails Bags7
Packaging8
Bottle Caps and
Lids12
PET bottles
10
Chips and Confectionery Bags
19
Others20
httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml
Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
12
3SUSTAINABILITY
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
13
MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
(Equitable)(Bearable)
(Viable)
Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics
Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016
4 Process Losses
8 Cascaded Recycling
2 Closed-loop recycling
98 Virgin Feedstock
40 Landfilled78 Million
Tonnes(Annual Prodution)
32 leakage
14 collected for Recycling
14
1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application
2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications
Source
Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report
available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg
14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery
Changing economies
All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15
The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning
RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses
Plastic
Identification
Code
Name of the plastic
(Polymer)
Constituents of the plastic
(Monomers)
Typical End Uses
(Food amp Non-Food)
Polyethylene terephthalate
(PET PETE)
Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +
Ethylene glycol (or MEG)
Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and
Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films
furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films
Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings
Furniture etc
Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films
Automotive and Electronic components Textiles
Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc
Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and
containers Foams Insulations etc
All Other recyclable plastics
Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)
Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS)]
PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or
Diphenyl carbonate
ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene
PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive
components Construction tools Data Storage devices
ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes
Instruments body parts etc
16
As per IS 14534 (1998)
Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective
17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK
PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES
Litterability
Retrievablity
RecyclabilityEPR
obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING
Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals
Personal hygiene other articles
RIGID
Single Polymer
Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs
Low High EASY Low
Multi Polymer
bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods
High High Medium Medium
Multi Material
Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)
footwear razors High High Difficult High
FLEIXIBLE
Single Polymer
milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers
cables wires dental floss
High Low Easy Medium
Multi Polymer
toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High
Multi material
wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets
toys High Low Difficult Very high
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR
18
The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES
REDUCE
REUSE
RESPECTFULLY RETURN
ndash Collect Segregate
RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)
REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL
RECOVER (ENERGY)
19
VALUE RECOVERY
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES
RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE
RECOVER ENERGY
- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)
Controlled burning
- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)
UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL
- Plastics in Roads
- Decorative items
PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data
wwwpetrecyclingin
Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time
ILSI - India
bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017
80 PET
recycling in India
70 PET recycling in India into
TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10
Another 10 remains in indoors
20
World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber
R-PET fibres boosting performance
IPL Indian team
R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion
22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019
ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand
An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces
The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag
Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious
23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN
UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019
PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS
24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life
PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe
Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer
Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India
26
bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines
bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA
bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA
bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA
bull Plastics Recycling rate 60
bull PET recycling rate 90
bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for
bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer
bull Garbage Bags
bull Food Bags
bull One time use sachets
bull Sanitary WasteDiapers
Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015
Cling Wrap4
Food Bags5
Garbage Bags8 Straws
7 Retails Bags7
Packaging8
Bottle Caps and
Lids12
PET bottles
10
Chips and Confectionery Bags
19
Others20
httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml
Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
13
MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
(Equitable)(Bearable)
(Viable)
Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics
Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016
4 Process Losses
8 Cascaded Recycling
2 Closed-loop recycling
98 Virgin Feedstock
40 Landfilled78 Million
Tonnes(Annual Prodution)
32 leakage
14 collected for Recycling
14
1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application
2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications
Source
Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report
available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg
14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery
Changing economies
All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15
The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning
RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses
Plastic
Identification
Code
Name of the plastic
(Polymer)
Constituents of the plastic
(Monomers)
Typical End Uses
(Food amp Non-Food)
Polyethylene terephthalate
(PET PETE)
Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +
Ethylene glycol (or MEG)
Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and
Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films
furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films
Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings
Furniture etc
Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films
Automotive and Electronic components Textiles
Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc
Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and
containers Foams Insulations etc
All Other recyclable plastics
Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)
Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS)]
PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or
Diphenyl carbonate
ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene
PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive
components Construction tools Data Storage devices
ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes
Instruments body parts etc
16
As per IS 14534 (1998)
Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective
17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK
PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES
Litterability
Retrievablity
RecyclabilityEPR
obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING
Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals
Personal hygiene other articles
RIGID
Single Polymer
Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs
Low High EASY Low
Multi Polymer
bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods
High High Medium Medium
Multi Material
Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)
footwear razors High High Difficult High
FLEIXIBLE
Single Polymer
milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers
cables wires dental floss
High Low Easy Medium
Multi Polymer
toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High
Multi material
wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets
toys High Low Difficult Very high
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR
18
The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES
REDUCE
REUSE
RESPECTFULLY RETURN
ndash Collect Segregate
RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)
REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL
RECOVER (ENERGY)
19
VALUE RECOVERY
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES
RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE
RECOVER ENERGY
- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)
Controlled burning
- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)
UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL
- Plastics in Roads
- Decorative items
PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data
wwwpetrecyclingin
Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time
ILSI - India
bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017
80 PET
recycling in India
70 PET recycling in India into
TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10
Another 10 remains in indoors
20
World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber
R-PET fibres boosting performance
IPL Indian team
R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion
22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019
ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand
An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces
The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag
Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious
23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN
UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019
PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS
24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life
PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe
Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer
Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India
26
bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines
bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA
bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA
bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA
bull Plastics Recycling rate 60
bull PET recycling rate 90
bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for
bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer
bull Garbage Bags
bull Food Bags
bull One time use sachets
bull Sanitary WasteDiapers
Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015
Cling Wrap4
Food Bags5
Garbage Bags8 Straws
7 Retails Bags7
Packaging8
Bottle Caps and
Lids12
PET bottles
10
Chips and Confectionery Bags
19
Others20
httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml
Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics
Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016
4 Process Losses
8 Cascaded Recycling
2 Closed-loop recycling
98 Virgin Feedstock
40 Landfilled78 Million
Tonnes(Annual Prodution)
32 leakage
14 collected for Recycling
14
1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application
2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications
Source
Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report
available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg
14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery
Changing economies
All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15
The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning
RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses
Plastic
Identification
Code
Name of the plastic
(Polymer)
Constituents of the plastic
(Monomers)
Typical End Uses
(Food amp Non-Food)
Polyethylene terephthalate
(PET PETE)
Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +
Ethylene glycol (or MEG)
Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and
Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films
furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films
Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings
Furniture etc
Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films
Automotive and Electronic components Textiles
Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc
Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and
containers Foams Insulations etc
All Other recyclable plastics
Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)
Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS)]
PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or
Diphenyl carbonate
ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene
PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive
components Construction tools Data Storage devices
ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes
Instruments body parts etc
16
As per IS 14534 (1998)
Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective
17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK
PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES
Litterability
Retrievablity
RecyclabilityEPR
obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING
Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals
Personal hygiene other articles
RIGID
Single Polymer
Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs
Low High EASY Low
Multi Polymer
bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods
High High Medium Medium
Multi Material
Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)
footwear razors High High Difficult High
FLEIXIBLE
Single Polymer
milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers
cables wires dental floss
High Low Easy Medium
Multi Polymer
toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High
Multi material
wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets
toys High Low Difficult Very high
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR
18
The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES
REDUCE
REUSE
RESPECTFULLY RETURN
ndash Collect Segregate
RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)
REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL
RECOVER (ENERGY)
19
VALUE RECOVERY
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES
RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE
RECOVER ENERGY
- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)
Controlled burning
- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)
UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL
- Plastics in Roads
- Decorative items
PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data
wwwpetrecyclingin
Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time
ILSI - India
bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017
80 PET
recycling in India
70 PET recycling in India into
TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10
Another 10 remains in indoors
20
World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber
R-PET fibres boosting performance
IPL Indian team
R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion
22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019
ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand
An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces
The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag
Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious
23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN
UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019
PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS
24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life
PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe
Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer
Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India
26
bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines
bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA
bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA
bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA
bull Plastics Recycling rate 60
bull PET recycling rate 90
bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for
bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer
bull Garbage Bags
bull Food Bags
bull One time use sachets
bull Sanitary WasteDiapers
Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015
Cling Wrap4
Food Bags5
Garbage Bags8 Straws
7 Retails Bags7
Packaging8
Bottle Caps and
Lids12
PET bottles
10
Chips and Confectionery Bags
19
Others20
httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml
Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
Changing economies
All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15
The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning
RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses
Plastic
Identification
Code
Name of the plastic
(Polymer)
Constituents of the plastic
(Monomers)
Typical End Uses
(Food amp Non-Food)
Polyethylene terephthalate
(PET PETE)
Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +
Ethylene glycol (or MEG)
Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and
Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films
furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films
Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings
Furniture etc
Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films
Automotive and Electronic components Textiles
Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc
Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and
containers Foams Insulations etc
All Other recyclable plastics
Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)
Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS)]
PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or
Diphenyl carbonate
ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene
PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive
components Construction tools Data Storage devices
ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes
Instruments body parts etc
16
As per IS 14534 (1998)
Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective
17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK
PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES
Litterability
Retrievablity
RecyclabilityEPR
obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING
Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals
Personal hygiene other articles
RIGID
Single Polymer
Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs
Low High EASY Low
Multi Polymer
bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods
High High Medium Medium
Multi Material
Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)
footwear razors High High Difficult High
FLEIXIBLE
Single Polymer
milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers
cables wires dental floss
High Low Easy Medium
Multi Polymer
toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High
Multi material
wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets
toys High Low Difficult Very high
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR
18
The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES
REDUCE
REUSE
RESPECTFULLY RETURN
ndash Collect Segregate
RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)
REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL
RECOVER (ENERGY)
19
VALUE RECOVERY
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES
RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE
RECOVER ENERGY
- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)
Controlled burning
- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)
UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL
- Plastics in Roads
- Decorative items
PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data
wwwpetrecyclingin
Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time
ILSI - India
bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017
80 PET
recycling in India
70 PET recycling in India into
TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10
Another 10 remains in indoors
20
World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber
R-PET fibres boosting performance
IPL Indian team
R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion
22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019
ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand
An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces
The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag
Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious
23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN
UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019
PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS
24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life
PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe
Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer
Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India
26
bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines
bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA
bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA
bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA
bull Plastics Recycling rate 60
bull PET recycling rate 90
bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for
bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer
bull Garbage Bags
bull Food Bags
bull One time use sachets
bull Sanitary WasteDiapers
Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015
Cling Wrap4
Food Bags5
Garbage Bags8 Straws
7 Retails Bags7
Packaging8
Bottle Caps and
Lids12
PET bottles
10
Chips and Confectionery Bags
19
Others20
httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml
Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning
RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses
Plastic
Identification
Code
Name of the plastic
(Polymer)
Constituents of the plastic
(Monomers)
Typical End Uses
(Food amp Non-Food)
Polyethylene terephthalate
(PET PETE)
Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +
Ethylene glycol (or MEG)
Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and
Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films
furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films
Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings
Furniture etc
Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films
Automotive and Electronic components Textiles
Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc
Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and
containers Foams Insulations etc
All Other recyclable plastics
Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)
Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene (ABS)]
PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or
Diphenyl carbonate
ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene
PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive
components Construction tools Data Storage devices
ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes
Instruments body parts etc
16
As per IS 14534 (1998)
Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective
17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK
PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES
Litterability
Retrievablity
RecyclabilityEPR
obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING
Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals
Personal hygiene other articles
RIGID
Single Polymer
Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs
Low High EASY Low
Multi Polymer
bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods
High High Medium Medium
Multi Material
Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)
footwear razors High High Difficult High
FLEIXIBLE
Single Polymer
milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers
cables wires dental floss
High Low Easy Medium
Multi Polymer
toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High
Multi material
wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets
toys High Low Difficult Very high
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR
18
The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES
REDUCE
REUSE
RESPECTFULLY RETURN
ndash Collect Segregate
RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)
REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL
RECOVER (ENERGY)
19
VALUE RECOVERY
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES
RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE
RECOVER ENERGY
- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)
Controlled burning
- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)
UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL
- Plastics in Roads
- Decorative items
PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data
wwwpetrecyclingin
Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time
ILSI - India
bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017
80 PET
recycling in India
70 PET recycling in India into
TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10
Another 10 remains in indoors
20
World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber
R-PET fibres boosting performance
IPL Indian team
R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion
22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019
ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand
An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces
The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag
Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious
23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN
UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019
PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS
24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life
PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe
Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer
Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India
26
bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines
bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA
bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA
bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA
bull Plastics Recycling rate 60
bull PET recycling rate 90
bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for
bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer
bull Garbage Bags
bull Food Bags
bull One time use sachets
bull Sanitary WasteDiapers
Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015
Cling Wrap4
Food Bags5
Garbage Bags8 Straws
7 Retails Bags7
Packaging8
Bottle Caps and
Lids12
PET bottles
10
Chips and Confectionery Bags
19
Others20
httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml
Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective
17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK
PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES
Litterability
Retrievablity
RecyclabilityEPR
obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING
Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals
Personal hygiene other articles
RIGID
Single Polymer
Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs
Low High EASY Low
Multi Polymer
bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods
High High Medium Medium
Multi Material
Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)
footwear razors High High Difficult High
FLEIXIBLE
Single Polymer
milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers
cables wires dental floss
High Low Easy Medium
Multi Polymer
toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High
Multi material
wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets
toys High Low Difficult Very high
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR
18
The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES
REDUCE
REUSE
RESPECTFULLY RETURN
ndash Collect Segregate
RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)
REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL
RECOVER (ENERGY)
19
VALUE RECOVERY
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES
RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE
RECOVER ENERGY
- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)
Controlled burning
- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)
UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL
- Plastics in Roads
- Decorative items
PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data
wwwpetrecyclingin
Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time
ILSI - India
bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017
80 PET
recycling in India
70 PET recycling in India into
TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10
Another 10 remains in indoors
20
World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber
R-PET fibres boosting performance
IPL Indian team
R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion
22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019
ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand
An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces
The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag
Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious
23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN
UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019
PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS
24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life
PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe
Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer
Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India
26
bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines
bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA
bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA
bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA
bull Plastics Recycling rate 60
bull PET recycling rate 90
bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for
bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer
bull Garbage Bags
bull Food Bags
bull One time use sachets
bull Sanitary WasteDiapers
Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015
Cling Wrap4
Food Bags5
Garbage Bags8 Straws
7 Retails Bags7
Packaging8
Bottle Caps and
Lids12
PET bottles
10
Chips and Confectionery Bags
19
Others20
httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml
Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR
18
The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES
REDUCE
REUSE
RESPECTFULLY RETURN
ndash Collect Segregate
RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)
REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL
RECOVER (ENERGY)
19
VALUE RECOVERY
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES
RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE
RECOVER ENERGY
- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)
Controlled burning
- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)
UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL
- Plastics in Roads
- Decorative items
PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data
wwwpetrecyclingin
Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time
ILSI - India
bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017
80 PET
recycling in India
70 PET recycling in India into
TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10
Another 10 remains in indoors
20
World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber
R-PET fibres boosting performance
IPL Indian team
R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion
22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019
ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand
An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces
The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag
Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious
23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN
UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019
PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS
24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life
PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe
Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer
Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India
26
bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines
bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA
bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA
bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA
bull Plastics Recycling rate 60
bull PET recycling rate 90
bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for
bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer
bull Garbage Bags
bull Food Bags
bull One time use sachets
bull Sanitary WasteDiapers
Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015
Cling Wrap4
Food Bags5
Garbage Bags8 Straws
7 Retails Bags7
Packaging8
Bottle Caps and
Lids12
PET bottles
10
Chips and Confectionery Bags
19
Others20
httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml
Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
19
VALUE RECOVERY
INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES
RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE
RECOVER ENERGY
- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)
Controlled burning
- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)
UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL
- Plastics in Roads
- Decorative items
PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data
wwwpetrecyclingin
Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time
ILSI - India
bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017
80 PET
recycling in India
70 PET recycling in India into
TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10
Another 10 remains in indoors
20
World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber
R-PET fibres boosting performance
IPL Indian team
R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion
22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019
ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand
An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces
The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag
Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious
23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN
UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019
PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS
24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life
PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe
Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer
Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India
26
bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines
bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA
bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA
bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA
bull Plastics Recycling rate 60
bull PET recycling rate 90
bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for
bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer
bull Garbage Bags
bull Food Bags
bull One time use sachets
bull Sanitary WasteDiapers
Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015
Cling Wrap4
Food Bags5
Garbage Bags8 Straws
7 Retails Bags7
Packaging8
Bottle Caps and
Lids12
PET bottles
10
Chips and Confectionery Bags
19
Others20
httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml
Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data
wwwpetrecyclingin
Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time
ILSI - India
bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017
80 PET
recycling in India
70 PET recycling in India into
TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10
Another 10 remains in indoors
20
World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber
R-PET fibres boosting performance
IPL Indian team
R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion
22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019
ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand
An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces
The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag
Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious
23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN
UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019
PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS
24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life
PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe
Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer
Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India
26
bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines
bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA
bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA
bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA
bull Plastics Recycling rate 60
bull PET recycling rate 90
bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for
bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer
bull Garbage Bags
bull Food Bags
bull One time use sachets
bull Sanitary WasteDiapers
Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015
Cling Wrap4
Food Bags5
Garbage Bags8 Straws
7 Retails Bags7
Packaging8
Bottle Caps and
Lids12
PET bottles
10
Chips and Confectionery Bags
19
Others20
httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml
Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber
R-PET fibres boosting performance
IPL Indian team
R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion
22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019
ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand
An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces
The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag
Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious
23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN
UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019
PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS
24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life
PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe
Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer
Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India
26
bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines
bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA
bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA
bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA
bull Plastics Recycling rate 60
bull PET recycling rate 90
bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for
bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer
bull Garbage Bags
bull Food Bags
bull One time use sachets
bull Sanitary WasteDiapers
Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015
Cling Wrap4
Food Bags5
Garbage Bags8 Straws
7 Retails Bags7
Packaging8
Bottle Caps and
Lids12
PET bottles
10
Chips and Confectionery Bags
19
Others20
httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml
Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion
22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019
ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand
An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces
The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag
Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious
23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN
UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019
PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS
24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life
PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe
Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer
Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India
26
bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines
bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA
bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA
bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA
bull Plastics Recycling rate 60
bull PET recycling rate 90
bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for
bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer
bull Garbage Bags
bull Food Bags
bull One time use sachets
bull Sanitary WasteDiapers
Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015
Cling Wrap4
Food Bags5
Garbage Bags8 Straws
7 Retails Bags7
Packaging8
Bottle Caps and
Lids12
PET bottles
10
Chips and Confectionery Bags
19
Others20
httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml
Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious
23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN
UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019
PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS
24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life
PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe
Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer
Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India
26
bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines
bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA
bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA
bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA
bull Plastics Recycling rate 60
bull PET recycling rate 90
bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for
bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer
bull Garbage Bags
bull Food Bags
bull One time use sachets
bull Sanitary WasteDiapers
Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015
Cling Wrap4
Food Bags5
Garbage Bags8 Straws
7 Retails Bags7
Packaging8
Bottle Caps and
Lids12
PET bottles
10
Chips and Confectionery Bags
19
Others20
httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml
Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS
24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life
PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe
Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer
Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India
26
bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines
bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA
bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA
bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA
bull Plastics Recycling rate 60
bull PET recycling rate 90
bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for
bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer
bull Garbage Bags
bull Food Bags
bull One time use sachets
bull Sanitary WasteDiapers
Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015
Cling Wrap4
Food Bags5
Garbage Bags8 Straws
7 Retails Bags7
Packaging8
Bottle Caps and
Lids12
PET bottles
10
Chips and Confectionery Bags
19
Others20
httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml
Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer
Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India
26
bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines
bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA
bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA
bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA
bull Plastics Recycling rate 60
bull PET recycling rate 90
bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for
bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer
bull Garbage Bags
bull Food Bags
bull One time use sachets
bull Sanitary WasteDiapers
Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015
Cling Wrap4
Food Bags5
Garbage Bags8 Straws
7 Retails Bags7
Packaging8
Bottle Caps and
Lids12
PET bottles
10
Chips and Confectionery Bags
19
Others20
httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml
Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India
26
bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines
bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA
bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA
bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA
bull Plastics Recycling rate 60
bull PET recycling rate 90
bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for
bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer
bull Garbage Bags
bull Food Bags
bull One time use sachets
bull Sanitary WasteDiapers
Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015
Cling Wrap4
Food Bags5
Garbage Bags8 Straws
7 Retails Bags7
Packaging8
Bottle Caps and
Lids12
PET bottles
10
Chips and Confectionery Bags
19
Others20
httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml
Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
27
Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and
incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic
being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented
Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite
wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement
Prof R Vasudevan
Dean Department of Chemistry
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai TN
Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story
The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India
GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
28
4Collaborative efforts
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions
29
Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics
Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics
makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total
of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to
helphellip[hellip]rdquo
More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
Intellectual Collaboration
30
Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress
13-15 September 2017
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
International Coaltions ndash action oriented
31
INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste
INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32
Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies
UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea
Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016
J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia
Floating debris
Sinkable debris
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
33
5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
34
Established knowledge
bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)
bull 6-8 of world oil production is used
bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable
bullBiopolymers -
bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics
bullIs land available for production of biomass
bullRelease of micro-particles to environment
Recommendations
bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse
bull Extensive LCAs
bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches
bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
35
Established knowledge
bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill
bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics
bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)
Concerns amp uncertainty
bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable
bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill
bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers
Recommendations for recycling
bull Increaseincentivize product design for
bullUse of recycled feedstock
bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability
bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste
bull Investment inincentivize
bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers
bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills
Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
36
Established knowledge
bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea
bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)
bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)
Concerns amp Uncertainty
bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood
bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain
bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats
Recommendations
bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for
bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling
bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects
bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations
bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris
bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables
Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers
Adapted from
Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
Plastic waste ndash in common conversation
37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging
38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING
ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON
PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY
Handling
Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness
Clean packageproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
Avoid comminution Uncut package
Disposal
Green bin for bio wastewet waste
Segregationhuman behaviour
EDUCATION amp AWARENESS
Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins
Retrievability
minimum weight Weight
product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION
minimum size Size
fit-for-collection Shape
Recyclability
decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)
Chemistryproduct attribute
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
Towards Solutions for Microfibres
bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing
bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge
bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable
wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large
public
bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding
bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg
recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)
39
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN
40
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers
Unique Tools to design properties in
polymers
bull Transition temperatures
bull Molecular weight
bull Rheology
bull Morphology
Barrier properties without a need for
multi layers
Non-chemical routes
41
Development of new features
bull Bio-degradable plastics
bull Oxo-degradable plastics
bull Bio-compostable
bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers
Chemical routes
Novel collection methods
bull At-source
collectionsegregation
methodologies
Litter Management
bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste
Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis
201-F6 Kyoto Univ
11 May 2016
Y Kimura K Oda et al
- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)
- Science 353 759-c (2016)
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers
42
Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns
Biodegradabilityhellip
Recyclabilityhellip
Oil Depletion
Land Blockage
bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)
bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)
Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED
Concerns remain UNMITIGATED
LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling
chain
bull Including RECYCLED components
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
43
5EPILOGUE
SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
Polymers are here to stay
44
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
Plastics Consumption in perspective
45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
46
Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt
Food Park in Nagpur
PETplastics in economic growth amp employment
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
The upcoming timelines
47
GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS
1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)
GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY
2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM
2011 (UPA govt)
2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)
10th July 2019
CENTRE= June 2019
MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign
Reduce
Recycle
Reuse
Recover
Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip
Redesign