Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT...

49
RACE @ Taj Santacruz, Mumbai Dr. Vijay G. Habbu 12 th April 2019 1 Circular Economy for PLASTICS

Transcript of Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT...

Page 1: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

RACE

Taj Santacruz Mumbai

Dr Vijay G Habbu

12th April 2019

1

Circular Economy for

PLASTICS

2

1THE SUDDENLY EXPANDED WORLD OF PLASTICS

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Trends in Plastics

3

Plasticsare

rdquoESSENTIALrdquo

Packaging

Building amp Construction

Medicine amp Health

Sports amp Leisure

Agriculture

Electronics

Transport

Evolution is Natural Inevitable and Irreversible

Polymer Consumption by Application - Global

Packaging 24

Agriculture 23

Electronic 16

Houseware 10

Building 8

Transportation 4

Furniture 1

Others 14

Consumption by Application

bull Within Plastics Packaging accounts for the largest share of applicationsbull Within packaging materials Plastics (rigid + flexible) enjoy the highest share (42)

4

Growth in Global Plastics Production

Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF

5

311 MT(2014)

15 MT(1964)

6

2CONSEQUENCES OF UNCONTROLLED USAGE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

7

Marine pollution

There are concerns and global actions on marine litter

Plastics ndash consequences in 2050

8

Marine littering endangering the natural denizens

9

10

Microfibres Studies and news coverage

BeatPlasticPollution Actions speaks louder than Words

THE PARADOX PROBLEM GETS PACKED IN THE SAME PROPAGANDA

12

3SUSTAINABILITY

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

13

MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

(Equitable)(Bearable)

(Viable)

Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics

Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016

4 Process Losses

8 Cascaded Recycling

2 Closed-loop recycling

98 Virgin Feedstock

40 Landfilled78 Million

Tonnes(Annual Prodution)

32 leakage

14 collected for Recycling

14

1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application

2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications

Source

Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report

available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg

14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery

Changing economies

All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15

The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning

RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses

Plastic

Identification

Code

Name of the plastic

(Polymer)

Constituents of the plastic

(Monomers)

Typical End Uses

(Food amp Non-Food)

Polyethylene terephthalate

(PET PETE)

Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +

Ethylene glycol (or MEG)

Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and

Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films

furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films

Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings

Furniture etc

Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films

Automotive and Electronic components Textiles

Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc

Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and

containers Foams Insulations etc

All Other recyclable plastics

Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)

Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene

styrene (ABS)]

PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or

Diphenyl carbonate

ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene

PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive

components Construction tools Data Storage devices

ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes

Instruments body parts etc

16

As per IS 14534 (1998)

Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective

17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK

PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES

Litterability

Retrievablity

RecyclabilityEPR

obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING

Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals

Personal hygiene other articles

RIGID

Single Polymer

Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs

Low High EASY Low

Multi Polymer

bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods

High High Medium Medium

Multi Material

Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)

footwear razors High High Difficult High

FLEIXIBLE

Single Polymer

milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers

cables wires dental floss

High Low Easy Medium

Multi Polymer

toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High

Multi material

wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets

toys High Low Difficult Very high

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR

18

The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES

REDUCE

REUSE

RESPECTFULLY RETURN

ndash Collect Segregate

RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)

REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL

RECOVER (ENERGY)

19

VALUE RECOVERY

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES

RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE

RECOVER ENERGY

- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)

Controlled burning

- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)

UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL

- Plastics in Roads

- Decorative items

PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data

wwwpetrecyclingin

Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time

ILSI - India

bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017

80 PET

recycling in India

70 PET recycling in India into

TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10

Another 10 remains in indoors

20

World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber

R-PET fibres boosting performance

IPL Indian team

R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion

22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019

ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand

An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces

The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag

Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious

23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN

UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019

PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS

24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life

PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe

Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer

Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India

26

bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines

bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA

bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA

bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA

bull Plastics Recycling rate 60

bull PET recycling rate 90

bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for

bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer

bull Garbage Bags

bull Food Bags

bull One time use sachets

bull Sanitary WasteDiapers

Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015

Cling Wrap4

Food Bags5

Garbage Bags8 Straws

7 Retails Bags7

Packaging8

Bottle Caps and

Lids12

PET bottles

10

Chips and Confectionery Bags

19

Others20

httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml

Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 2: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

2

1THE SUDDENLY EXPANDED WORLD OF PLASTICS

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Trends in Plastics

3

Plasticsare

rdquoESSENTIALrdquo

Packaging

Building amp Construction

Medicine amp Health

Sports amp Leisure

Agriculture

Electronics

Transport

Evolution is Natural Inevitable and Irreversible

Polymer Consumption by Application - Global

Packaging 24

Agriculture 23

Electronic 16

Houseware 10

Building 8

Transportation 4

Furniture 1

Others 14

Consumption by Application

bull Within Plastics Packaging accounts for the largest share of applicationsbull Within packaging materials Plastics (rigid + flexible) enjoy the highest share (42)

4

Growth in Global Plastics Production

Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF

5

311 MT(2014)

15 MT(1964)

6

2CONSEQUENCES OF UNCONTROLLED USAGE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

7

Marine pollution

There are concerns and global actions on marine litter

Plastics ndash consequences in 2050

8

Marine littering endangering the natural denizens

9

10

Microfibres Studies and news coverage

BeatPlasticPollution Actions speaks louder than Words

THE PARADOX PROBLEM GETS PACKED IN THE SAME PROPAGANDA

12

3SUSTAINABILITY

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

13

MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

(Equitable)(Bearable)

(Viable)

Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics

Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016

4 Process Losses

8 Cascaded Recycling

2 Closed-loop recycling

98 Virgin Feedstock

40 Landfilled78 Million

Tonnes(Annual Prodution)

32 leakage

14 collected for Recycling

14

1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application

2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications

Source

Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report

available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg

14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery

Changing economies

All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15

The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning

RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses

Plastic

Identification

Code

Name of the plastic

(Polymer)

Constituents of the plastic

(Monomers)

Typical End Uses

(Food amp Non-Food)

Polyethylene terephthalate

(PET PETE)

Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +

Ethylene glycol (or MEG)

Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and

Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films

furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films

Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings

Furniture etc

Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films

Automotive and Electronic components Textiles

Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc

Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and

containers Foams Insulations etc

All Other recyclable plastics

Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)

Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene

styrene (ABS)]

PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or

Diphenyl carbonate

ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene

PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive

components Construction tools Data Storage devices

ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes

Instruments body parts etc

16

As per IS 14534 (1998)

Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective

17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK

PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES

Litterability

Retrievablity

RecyclabilityEPR

obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING

Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals

Personal hygiene other articles

RIGID

Single Polymer

Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs

Low High EASY Low

Multi Polymer

bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods

High High Medium Medium

Multi Material

Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)

footwear razors High High Difficult High

FLEIXIBLE

Single Polymer

milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers

cables wires dental floss

High Low Easy Medium

Multi Polymer

toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High

Multi material

wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets

toys High Low Difficult Very high

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR

18

The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES

REDUCE

REUSE

RESPECTFULLY RETURN

ndash Collect Segregate

RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)

REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL

RECOVER (ENERGY)

19

VALUE RECOVERY

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES

RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE

RECOVER ENERGY

- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)

Controlled burning

- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)

UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL

- Plastics in Roads

- Decorative items

PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data

wwwpetrecyclingin

Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time

ILSI - India

bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017

80 PET

recycling in India

70 PET recycling in India into

TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10

Another 10 remains in indoors

20

World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber

R-PET fibres boosting performance

IPL Indian team

R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion

22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019

ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand

An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces

The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag

Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious

23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN

UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019

PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS

24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life

PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe

Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer

Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India

26

bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines

bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA

bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA

bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA

bull Plastics Recycling rate 60

bull PET recycling rate 90

bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for

bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer

bull Garbage Bags

bull Food Bags

bull One time use sachets

bull Sanitary WasteDiapers

Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015

Cling Wrap4

Food Bags5

Garbage Bags8 Straws

7 Retails Bags7

Packaging8

Bottle Caps and

Lids12

PET bottles

10

Chips and Confectionery Bags

19

Others20

httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml

Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 3: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

Trends in Plastics

3

Plasticsare

rdquoESSENTIALrdquo

Packaging

Building amp Construction

Medicine amp Health

Sports amp Leisure

Agriculture

Electronics

Transport

Evolution is Natural Inevitable and Irreversible

Polymer Consumption by Application - Global

Packaging 24

Agriculture 23

Electronic 16

Houseware 10

Building 8

Transportation 4

Furniture 1

Others 14

Consumption by Application

bull Within Plastics Packaging accounts for the largest share of applicationsbull Within packaging materials Plastics (rigid + flexible) enjoy the highest share (42)

4

Growth in Global Plastics Production

Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF

5

311 MT(2014)

15 MT(1964)

6

2CONSEQUENCES OF UNCONTROLLED USAGE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

7

Marine pollution

There are concerns and global actions on marine litter

Plastics ndash consequences in 2050

8

Marine littering endangering the natural denizens

9

10

Microfibres Studies and news coverage

BeatPlasticPollution Actions speaks louder than Words

THE PARADOX PROBLEM GETS PACKED IN THE SAME PROPAGANDA

12

3SUSTAINABILITY

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

13

MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

(Equitable)(Bearable)

(Viable)

Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics

Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016

4 Process Losses

8 Cascaded Recycling

2 Closed-loop recycling

98 Virgin Feedstock

40 Landfilled78 Million

Tonnes(Annual Prodution)

32 leakage

14 collected for Recycling

14

1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application

2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications

Source

Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report

available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg

14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery

Changing economies

All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15

The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning

RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses

Plastic

Identification

Code

Name of the plastic

(Polymer)

Constituents of the plastic

(Monomers)

Typical End Uses

(Food amp Non-Food)

Polyethylene terephthalate

(PET PETE)

Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +

Ethylene glycol (or MEG)

Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and

Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films

furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films

Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings

Furniture etc

Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films

Automotive and Electronic components Textiles

Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc

Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and

containers Foams Insulations etc

All Other recyclable plastics

Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)

Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene

styrene (ABS)]

PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or

Diphenyl carbonate

ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene

PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive

components Construction tools Data Storage devices

ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes

Instruments body parts etc

16

As per IS 14534 (1998)

Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective

17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK

PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES

Litterability

Retrievablity

RecyclabilityEPR

obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING

Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals

Personal hygiene other articles

RIGID

Single Polymer

Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs

Low High EASY Low

Multi Polymer

bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods

High High Medium Medium

Multi Material

Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)

footwear razors High High Difficult High

FLEIXIBLE

Single Polymer

milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers

cables wires dental floss

High Low Easy Medium

Multi Polymer

toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High

Multi material

wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets

toys High Low Difficult Very high

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR

18

The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES

REDUCE

REUSE

RESPECTFULLY RETURN

ndash Collect Segregate

RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)

REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL

RECOVER (ENERGY)

19

VALUE RECOVERY

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES

RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE

RECOVER ENERGY

- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)

Controlled burning

- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)

UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL

- Plastics in Roads

- Decorative items

PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data

wwwpetrecyclingin

Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time

ILSI - India

bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017

80 PET

recycling in India

70 PET recycling in India into

TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10

Another 10 remains in indoors

20

World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber

R-PET fibres boosting performance

IPL Indian team

R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion

22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019

ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand

An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces

The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag

Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious

23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN

UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019

PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS

24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life

PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe

Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer

Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India

26

bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines

bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA

bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA

bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA

bull Plastics Recycling rate 60

bull PET recycling rate 90

bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for

bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer

bull Garbage Bags

bull Food Bags

bull One time use sachets

bull Sanitary WasteDiapers

Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015

Cling Wrap4

Food Bags5

Garbage Bags8 Straws

7 Retails Bags7

Packaging8

Bottle Caps and

Lids12

PET bottles

10

Chips and Confectionery Bags

19

Others20

httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml

Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 4: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

Polymer Consumption by Application - Global

Packaging 24

Agriculture 23

Electronic 16

Houseware 10

Building 8

Transportation 4

Furniture 1

Others 14

Consumption by Application

bull Within Plastics Packaging accounts for the largest share of applicationsbull Within packaging materials Plastics (rigid + flexible) enjoy the highest share (42)

4

Growth in Global Plastics Production

Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF

5

311 MT(2014)

15 MT(1964)

6

2CONSEQUENCES OF UNCONTROLLED USAGE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

7

Marine pollution

There are concerns and global actions on marine litter

Plastics ndash consequences in 2050

8

Marine littering endangering the natural denizens

9

10

Microfibres Studies and news coverage

BeatPlasticPollution Actions speaks louder than Words

THE PARADOX PROBLEM GETS PACKED IN THE SAME PROPAGANDA

12

3SUSTAINABILITY

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

13

MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

(Equitable)(Bearable)

(Viable)

Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics

Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016

4 Process Losses

8 Cascaded Recycling

2 Closed-loop recycling

98 Virgin Feedstock

40 Landfilled78 Million

Tonnes(Annual Prodution)

32 leakage

14 collected for Recycling

14

1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application

2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications

Source

Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report

available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg

14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery

Changing economies

All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15

The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning

RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses

Plastic

Identification

Code

Name of the plastic

(Polymer)

Constituents of the plastic

(Monomers)

Typical End Uses

(Food amp Non-Food)

Polyethylene terephthalate

(PET PETE)

Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +

Ethylene glycol (or MEG)

Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and

Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films

furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films

Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings

Furniture etc

Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films

Automotive and Electronic components Textiles

Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc

Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and

containers Foams Insulations etc

All Other recyclable plastics

Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)

Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene

styrene (ABS)]

PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or

Diphenyl carbonate

ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene

PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive

components Construction tools Data Storage devices

ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes

Instruments body parts etc

16

As per IS 14534 (1998)

Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective

17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK

PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES

Litterability

Retrievablity

RecyclabilityEPR

obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING

Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals

Personal hygiene other articles

RIGID

Single Polymer

Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs

Low High EASY Low

Multi Polymer

bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods

High High Medium Medium

Multi Material

Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)

footwear razors High High Difficult High

FLEIXIBLE

Single Polymer

milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers

cables wires dental floss

High Low Easy Medium

Multi Polymer

toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High

Multi material

wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets

toys High Low Difficult Very high

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR

18

The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES

REDUCE

REUSE

RESPECTFULLY RETURN

ndash Collect Segregate

RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)

REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL

RECOVER (ENERGY)

19

VALUE RECOVERY

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES

RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE

RECOVER ENERGY

- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)

Controlled burning

- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)

UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL

- Plastics in Roads

- Decorative items

PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data

wwwpetrecyclingin

Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time

ILSI - India

bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017

80 PET

recycling in India

70 PET recycling in India into

TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10

Another 10 remains in indoors

20

World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber

R-PET fibres boosting performance

IPL Indian team

R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion

22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019

ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand

An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces

The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag

Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious

23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN

UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019

PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS

24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life

PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe

Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer

Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India

26

bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines

bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA

bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA

bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA

bull Plastics Recycling rate 60

bull PET recycling rate 90

bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for

bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer

bull Garbage Bags

bull Food Bags

bull One time use sachets

bull Sanitary WasteDiapers

Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015

Cling Wrap4

Food Bags5

Garbage Bags8 Straws

7 Retails Bags7

Packaging8

Bottle Caps and

Lids12

PET bottles

10

Chips and Confectionery Bags

19

Others20

httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml

Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 5: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

Growth in Global Plastics Production

Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF

5

311 MT(2014)

15 MT(1964)

6

2CONSEQUENCES OF UNCONTROLLED USAGE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

7

Marine pollution

There are concerns and global actions on marine litter

Plastics ndash consequences in 2050

8

Marine littering endangering the natural denizens

9

10

Microfibres Studies and news coverage

BeatPlasticPollution Actions speaks louder than Words

THE PARADOX PROBLEM GETS PACKED IN THE SAME PROPAGANDA

12

3SUSTAINABILITY

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

13

MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

(Equitable)(Bearable)

(Viable)

Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics

Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016

4 Process Losses

8 Cascaded Recycling

2 Closed-loop recycling

98 Virgin Feedstock

40 Landfilled78 Million

Tonnes(Annual Prodution)

32 leakage

14 collected for Recycling

14

1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application

2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications

Source

Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report

available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg

14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery

Changing economies

All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15

The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning

RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses

Plastic

Identification

Code

Name of the plastic

(Polymer)

Constituents of the plastic

(Monomers)

Typical End Uses

(Food amp Non-Food)

Polyethylene terephthalate

(PET PETE)

Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +

Ethylene glycol (or MEG)

Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and

Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films

furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films

Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings

Furniture etc

Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films

Automotive and Electronic components Textiles

Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc

Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and

containers Foams Insulations etc

All Other recyclable plastics

Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)

Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene

styrene (ABS)]

PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or

Diphenyl carbonate

ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene

PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive

components Construction tools Data Storage devices

ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes

Instruments body parts etc

16

As per IS 14534 (1998)

Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective

17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK

PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES

Litterability

Retrievablity

RecyclabilityEPR

obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING

Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals

Personal hygiene other articles

RIGID

Single Polymer

Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs

Low High EASY Low

Multi Polymer

bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods

High High Medium Medium

Multi Material

Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)

footwear razors High High Difficult High

FLEIXIBLE

Single Polymer

milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers

cables wires dental floss

High Low Easy Medium

Multi Polymer

toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High

Multi material

wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets

toys High Low Difficult Very high

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR

18

The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES

REDUCE

REUSE

RESPECTFULLY RETURN

ndash Collect Segregate

RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)

REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL

RECOVER (ENERGY)

19

VALUE RECOVERY

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES

RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE

RECOVER ENERGY

- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)

Controlled burning

- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)

UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL

- Plastics in Roads

- Decorative items

PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data

wwwpetrecyclingin

Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time

ILSI - India

bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017

80 PET

recycling in India

70 PET recycling in India into

TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10

Another 10 remains in indoors

20

World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber

R-PET fibres boosting performance

IPL Indian team

R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion

22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019

ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand

An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces

The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag

Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious

23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN

UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019

PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS

24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life

PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe

Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer

Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India

26

bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines

bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA

bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA

bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA

bull Plastics Recycling rate 60

bull PET recycling rate 90

bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for

bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer

bull Garbage Bags

bull Food Bags

bull One time use sachets

bull Sanitary WasteDiapers

Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015

Cling Wrap4

Food Bags5

Garbage Bags8 Straws

7 Retails Bags7

Packaging8

Bottle Caps and

Lids12

PET bottles

10

Chips and Confectionery Bags

19

Others20

httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml

Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 6: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

6

2CONSEQUENCES OF UNCONTROLLED USAGE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

7

Marine pollution

There are concerns and global actions on marine litter

Plastics ndash consequences in 2050

8

Marine littering endangering the natural denizens

9

10

Microfibres Studies and news coverage

BeatPlasticPollution Actions speaks louder than Words

THE PARADOX PROBLEM GETS PACKED IN THE SAME PROPAGANDA

12

3SUSTAINABILITY

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

13

MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

(Equitable)(Bearable)

(Viable)

Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics

Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016

4 Process Losses

8 Cascaded Recycling

2 Closed-loop recycling

98 Virgin Feedstock

40 Landfilled78 Million

Tonnes(Annual Prodution)

32 leakage

14 collected for Recycling

14

1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application

2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications

Source

Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report

available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg

14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery

Changing economies

All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15

The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning

RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses

Plastic

Identification

Code

Name of the plastic

(Polymer)

Constituents of the plastic

(Monomers)

Typical End Uses

(Food amp Non-Food)

Polyethylene terephthalate

(PET PETE)

Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +

Ethylene glycol (or MEG)

Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and

Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films

furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films

Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings

Furniture etc

Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films

Automotive and Electronic components Textiles

Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc

Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and

containers Foams Insulations etc

All Other recyclable plastics

Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)

Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene

styrene (ABS)]

PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or

Diphenyl carbonate

ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene

PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive

components Construction tools Data Storage devices

ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes

Instruments body parts etc

16

As per IS 14534 (1998)

Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective

17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK

PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES

Litterability

Retrievablity

RecyclabilityEPR

obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING

Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals

Personal hygiene other articles

RIGID

Single Polymer

Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs

Low High EASY Low

Multi Polymer

bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods

High High Medium Medium

Multi Material

Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)

footwear razors High High Difficult High

FLEIXIBLE

Single Polymer

milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers

cables wires dental floss

High Low Easy Medium

Multi Polymer

toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High

Multi material

wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets

toys High Low Difficult Very high

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR

18

The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES

REDUCE

REUSE

RESPECTFULLY RETURN

ndash Collect Segregate

RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)

REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL

RECOVER (ENERGY)

19

VALUE RECOVERY

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES

RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE

RECOVER ENERGY

- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)

Controlled burning

- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)

UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL

- Plastics in Roads

- Decorative items

PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data

wwwpetrecyclingin

Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time

ILSI - India

bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017

80 PET

recycling in India

70 PET recycling in India into

TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10

Another 10 remains in indoors

20

World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber

R-PET fibres boosting performance

IPL Indian team

R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion

22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019

ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand

An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces

The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag

Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious

23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN

UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019

PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS

24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life

PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe

Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer

Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India

26

bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines

bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA

bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA

bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA

bull Plastics Recycling rate 60

bull PET recycling rate 90

bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for

bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer

bull Garbage Bags

bull Food Bags

bull One time use sachets

bull Sanitary WasteDiapers

Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015

Cling Wrap4

Food Bags5

Garbage Bags8 Straws

7 Retails Bags7

Packaging8

Bottle Caps and

Lids12

PET bottles

10

Chips and Confectionery Bags

19

Others20

httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml

Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 7: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

7

Marine pollution

There are concerns and global actions on marine litter

Plastics ndash consequences in 2050

8

Marine littering endangering the natural denizens

9

10

Microfibres Studies and news coverage

BeatPlasticPollution Actions speaks louder than Words

THE PARADOX PROBLEM GETS PACKED IN THE SAME PROPAGANDA

12

3SUSTAINABILITY

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

13

MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

(Equitable)(Bearable)

(Viable)

Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics

Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016

4 Process Losses

8 Cascaded Recycling

2 Closed-loop recycling

98 Virgin Feedstock

40 Landfilled78 Million

Tonnes(Annual Prodution)

32 leakage

14 collected for Recycling

14

1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application

2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications

Source

Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report

available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg

14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery

Changing economies

All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15

The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning

RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses

Plastic

Identification

Code

Name of the plastic

(Polymer)

Constituents of the plastic

(Monomers)

Typical End Uses

(Food amp Non-Food)

Polyethylene terephthalate

(PET PETE)

Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +

Ethylene glycol (or MEG)

Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and

Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films

furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films

Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings

Furniture etc

Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films

Automotive and Electronic components Textiles

Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc

Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and

containers Foams Insulations etc

All Other recyclable plastics

Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)

Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene

styrene (ABS)]

PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or

Diphenyl carbonate

ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene

PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive

components Construction tools Data Storage devices

ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes

Instruments body parts etc

16

As per IS 14534 (1998)

Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective

17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK

PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES

Litterability

Retrievablity

RecyclabilityEPR

obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING

Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals

Personal hygiene other articles

RIGID

Single Polymer

Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs

Low High EASY Low

Multi Polymer

bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods

High High Medium Medium

Multi Material

Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)

footwear razors High High Difficult High

FLEIXIBLE

Single Polymer

milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers

cables wires dental floss

High Low Easy Medium

Multi Polymer

toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High

Multi material

wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets

toys High Low Difficult Very high

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR

18

The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES

REDUCE

REUSE

RESPECTFULLY RETURN

ndash Collect Segregate

RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)

REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL

RECOVER (ENERGY)

19

VALUE RECOVERY

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES

RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE

RECOVER ENERGY

- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)

Controlled burning

- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)

UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL

- Plastics in Roads

- Decorative items

PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data

wwwpetrecyclingin

Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time

ILSI - India

bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017

80 PET

recycling in India

70 PET recycling in India into

TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10

Another 10 remains in indoors

20

World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber

R-PET fibres boosting performance

IPL Indian team

R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion

22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019

ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand

An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces

The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag

Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious

23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN

UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019

PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS

24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life

PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe

Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer

Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India

26

bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines

bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA

bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA

bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA

bull Plastics Recycling rate 60

bull PET recycling rate 90

bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for

bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer

bull Garbage Bags

bull Food Bags

bull One time use sachets

bull Sanitary WasteDiapers

Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015

Cling Wrap4

Food Bags5

Garbage Bags8 Straws

7 Retails Bags7

Packaging8

Bottle Caps and

Lids12

PET bottles

10

Chips and Confectionery Bags

19

Others20

httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml

Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 8: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

Plastics ndash consequences in 2050

8

Marine littering endangering the natural denizens

9

10

Microfibres Studies and news coverage

BeatPlasticPollution Actions speaks louder than Words

THE PARADOX PROBLEM GETS PACKED IN THE SAME PROPAGANDA

12

3SUSTAINABILITY

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

13

MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

(Equitable)(Bearable)

(Viable)

Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics

Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016

4 Process Losses

8 Cascaded Recycling

2 Closed-loop recycling

98 Virgin Feedstock

40 Landfilled78 Million

Tonnes(Annual Prodution)

32 leakage

14 collected for Recycling

14

1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application

2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications

Source

Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report

available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg

14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery

Changing economies

All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15

The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning

RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses

Plastic

Identification

Code

Name of the plastic

(Polymer)

Constituents of the plastic

(Monomers)

Typical End Uses

(Food amp Non-Food)

Polyethylene terephthalate

(PET PETE)

Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +

Ethylene glycol (or MEG)

Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and

Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films

furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films

Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings

Furniture etc

Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films

Automotive and Electronic components Textiles

Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc

Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and

containers Foams Insulations etc

All Other recyclable plastics

Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)

Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene

styrene (ABS)]

PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or

Diphenyl carbonate

ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene

PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive

components Construction tools Data Storage devices

ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes

Instruments body parts etc

16

As per IS 14534 (1998)

Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective

17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK

PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES

Litterability

Retrievablity

RecyclabilityEPR

obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING

Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals

Personal hygiene other articles

RIGID

Single Polymer

Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs

Low High EASY Low

Multi Polymer

bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods

High High Medium Medium

Multi Material

Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)

footwear razors High High Difficult High

FLEIXIBLE

Single Polymer

milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers

cables wires dental floss

High Low Easy Medium

Multi Polymer

toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High

Multi material

wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets

toys High Low Difficult Very high

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR

18

The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES

REDUCE

REUSE

RESPECTFULLY RETURN

ndash Collect Segregate

RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)

REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL

RECOVER (ENERGY)

19

VALUE RECOVERY

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES

RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE

RECOVER ENERGY

- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)

Controlled burning

- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)

UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL

- Plastics in Roads

- Decorative items

PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data

wwwpetrecyclingin

Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time

ILSI - India

bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017

80 PET

recycling in India

70 PET recycling in India into

TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10

Another 10 remains in indoors

20

World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber

R-PET fibres boosting performance

IPL Indian team

R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion

22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019

ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand

An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces

The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag

Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious

23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN

UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019

PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS

24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life

PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe

Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer

Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India

26

bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines

bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA

bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA

bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA

bull Plastics Recycling rate 60

bull PET recycling rate 90

bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for

bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer

bull Garbage Bags

bull Food Bags

bull One time use sachets

bull Sanitary WasteDiapers

Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015

Cling Wrap4

Food Bags5

Garbage Bags8 Straws

7 Retails Bags7

Packaging8

Bottle Caps and

Lids12

PET bottles

10

Chips and Confectionery Bags

19

Others20

httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml

Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 9: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

Marine littering endangering the natural denizens

9

10

Microfibres Studies and news coverage

BeatPlasticPollution Actions speaks louder than Words

THE PARADOX PROBLEM GETS PACKED IN THE SAME PROPAGANDA

12

3SUSTAINABILITY

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

13

MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

(Equitable)(Bearable)

(Viable)

Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics

Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016

4 Process Losses

8 Cascaded Recycling

2 Closed-loop recycling

98 Virgin Feedstock

40 Landfilled78 Million

Tonnes(Annual Prodution)

32 leakage

14 collected for Recycling

14

1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application

2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications

Source

Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report

available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg

14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery

Changing economies

All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15

The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning

RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses

Plastic

Identification

Code

Name of the plastic

(Polymer)

Constituents of the plastic

(Monomers)

Typical End Uses

(Food amp Non-Food)

Polyethylene terephthalate

(PET PETE)

Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +

Ethylene glycol (or MEG)

Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and

Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films

furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films

Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings

Furniture etc

Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films

Automotive and Electronic components Textiles

Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc

Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and

containers Foams Insulations etc

All Other recyclable plastics

Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)

Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene

styrene (ABS)]

PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or

Diphenyl carbonate

ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene

PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive

components Construction tools Data Storage devices

ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes

Instruments body parts etc

16

As per IS 14534 (1998)

Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective

17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK

PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES

Litterability

Retrievablity

RecyclabilityEPR

obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING

Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals

Personal hygiene other articles

RIGID

Single Polymer

Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs

Low High EASY Low

Multi Polymer

bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods

High High Medium Medium

Multi Material

Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)

footwear razors High High Difficult High

FLEIXIBLE

Single Polymer

milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers

cables wires dental floss

High Low Easy Medium

Multi Polymer

toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High

Multi material

wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets

toys High Low Difficult Very high

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR

18

The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES

REDUCE

REUSE

RESPECTFULLY RETURN

ndash Collect Segregate

RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)

REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL

RECOVER (ENERGY)

19

VALUE RECOVERY

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES

RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE

RECOVER ENERGY

- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)

Controlled burning

- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)

UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL

- Plastics in Roads

- Decorative items

PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data

wwwpetrecyclingin

Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time

ILSI - India

bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017

80 PET

recycling in India

70 PET recycling in India into

TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10

Another 10 remains in indoors

20

World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber

R-PET fibres boosting performance

IPL Indian team

R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion

22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019

ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand

An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces

The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag

Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious

23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN

UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019

PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS

24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life

PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe

Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer

Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India

26

bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines

bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA

bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA

bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA

bull Plastics Recycling rate 60

bull PET recycling rate 90

bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for

bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer

bull Garbage Bags

bull Food Bags

bull One time use sachets

bull Sanitary WasteDiapers

Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015

Cling Wrap4

Food Bags5

Garbage Bags8 Straws

7 Retails Bags7

Packaging8

Bottle Caps and

Lids12

PET bottles

10

Chips and Confectionery Bags

19

Others20

httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml

Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 10: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

10

Microfibres Studies and news coverage

BeatPlasticPollution Actions speaks louder than Words

THE PARADOX PROBLEM GETS PACKED IN THE SAME PROPAGANDA

12

3SUSTAINABILITY

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

13

MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

(Equitable)(Bearable)

(Viable)

Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics

Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016

4 Process Losses

8 Cascaded Recycling

2 Closed-loop recycling

98 Virgin Feedstock

40 Landfilled78 Million

Tonnes(Annual Prodution)

32 leakage

14 collected for Recycling

14

1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application

2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications

Source

Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report

available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg

14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery

Changing economies

All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15

The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning

RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses

Plastic

Identification

Code

Name of the plastic

(Polymer)

Constituents of the plastic

(Monomers)

Typical End Uses

(Food amp Non-Food)

Polyethylene terephthalate

(PET PETE)

Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +

Ethylene glycol (or MEG)

Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and

Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films

furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films

Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings

Furniture etc

Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films

Automotive and Electronic components Textiles

Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc

Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and

containers Foams Insulations etc

All Other recyclable plastics

Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)

Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene

styrene (ABS)]

PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or

Diphenyl carbonate

ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene

PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive

components Construction tools Data Storage devices

ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes

Instruments body parts etc

16

As per IS 14534 (1998)

Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective

17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK

PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES

Litterability

Retrievablity

RecyclabilityEPR

obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING

Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals

Personal hygiene other articles

RIGID

Single Polymer

Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs

Low High EASY Low

Multi Polymer

bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods

High High Medium Medium

Multi Material

Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)

footwear razors High High Difficult High

FLEIXIBLE

Single Polymer

milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers

cables wires dental floss

High Low Easy Medium

Multi Polymer

toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High

Multi material

wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets

toys High Low Difficult Very high

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR

18

The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES

REDUCE

REUSE

RESPECTFULLY RETURN

ndash Collect Segregate

RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)

REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL

RECOVER (ENERGY)

19

VALUE RECOVERY

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES

RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE

RECOVER ENERGY

- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)

Controlled burning

- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)

UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL

- Plastics in Roads

- Decorative items

PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data

wwwpetrecyclingin

Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time

ILSI - India

bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017

80 PET

recycling in India

70 PET recycling in India into

TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10

Another 10 remains in indoors

20

World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber

R-PET fibres boosting performance

IPL Indian team

R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion

22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019

ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand

An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces

The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag

Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious

23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN

UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019

PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS

24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life

PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe

Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer

Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India

26

bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines

bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA

bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA

bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA

bull Plastics Recycling rate 60

bull PET recycling rate 90

bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for

bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer

bull Garbage Bags

bull Food Bags

bull One time use sachets

bull Sanitary WasteDiapers

Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015

Cling Wrap4

Food Bags5

Garbage Bags8 Straws

7 Retails Bags7

Packaging8

Bottle Caps and

Lids12

PET bottles

10

Chips and Confectionery Bags

19

Others20

httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml

Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 11: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

BeatPlasticPollution Actions speaks louder than Words

THE PARADOX PROBLEM GETS PACKED IN THE SAME PROPAGANDA

12

3SUSTAINABILITY

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

13

MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

(Equitable)(Bearable)

(Viable)

Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics

Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016

4 Process Losses

8 Cascaded Recycling

2 Closed-loop recycling

98 Virgin Feedstock

40 Landfilled78 Million

Tonnes(Annual Prodution)

32 leakage

14 collected for Recycling

14

1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application

2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications

Source

Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report

available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg

14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery

Changing economies

All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15

The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning

RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses

Plastic

Identification

Code

Name of the plastic

(Polymer)

Constituents of the plastic

(Monomers)

Typical End Uses

(Food amp Non-Food)

Polyethylene terephthalate

(PET PETE)

Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +

Ethylene glycol (or MEG)

Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and

Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films

furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films

Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings

Furniture etc

Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films

Automotive and Electronic components Textiles

Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc

Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and

containers Foams Insulations etc

All Other recyclable plastics

Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)

Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene

styrene (ABS)]

PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or

Diphenyl carbonate

ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene

PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive

components Construction tools Data Storage devices

ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes

Instruments body parts etc

16

As per IS 14534 (1998)

Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective

17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK

PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES

Litterability

Retrievablity

RecyclabilityEPR

obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING

Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals

Personal hygiene other articles

RIGID

Single Polymer

Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs

Low High EASY Low

Multi Polymer

bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods

High High Medium Medium

Multi Material

Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)

footwear razors High High Difficult High

FLEIXIBLE

Single Polymer

milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers

cables wires dental floss

High Low Easy Medium

Multi Polymer

toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High

Multi material

wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets

toys High Low Difficult Very high

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR

18

The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES

REDUCE

REUSE

RESPECTFULLY RETURN

ndash Collect Segregate

RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)

REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL

RECOVER (ENERGY)

19

VALUE RECOVERY

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES

RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE

RECOVER ENERGY

- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)

Controlled burning

- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)

UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL

- Plastics in Roads

- Decorative items

PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data

wwwpetrecyclingin

Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time

ILSI - India

bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017

80 PET

recycling in India

70 PET recycling in India into

TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10

Another 10 remains in indoors

20

World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber

R-PET fibres boosting performance

IPL Indian team

R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion

22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019

ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand

An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces

The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag

Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious

23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN

UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019

PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS

24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life

PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe

Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer

Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India

26

bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines

bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA

bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA

bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA

bull Plastics Recycling rate 60

bull PET recycling rate 90

bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for

bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer

bull Garbage Bags

bull Food Bags

bull One time use sachets

bull Sanitary WasteDiapers

Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015

Cling Wrap4

Food Bags5

Garbage Bags8 Straws

7 Retails Bags7

Packaging8

Bottle Caps and

Lids12

PET bottles

10

Chips and Confectionery Bags

19

Others20

httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml

Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 12: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

12

3SUSTAINABILITY

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

13

MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

(Equitable)(Bearable)

(Viable)

Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics

Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016

4 Process Losses

8 Cascaded Recycling

2 Closed-loop recycling

98 Virgin Feedstock

40 Landfilled78 Million

Tonnes(Annual Prodution)

32 leakage

14 collected for Recycling

14

1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application

2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications

Source

Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report

available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg

14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery

Changing economies

All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15

The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning

RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses

Plastic

Identification

Code

Name of the plastic

(Polymer)

Constituents of the plastic

(Monomers)

Typical End Uses

(Food amp Non-Food)

Polyethylene terephthalate

(PET PETE)

Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +

Ethylene glycol (or MEG)

Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and

Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films

furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films

Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings

Furniture etc

Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films

Automotive and Electronic components Textiles

Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc

Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and

containers Foams Insulations etc

All Other recyclable plastics

Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)

Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene

styrene (ABS)]

PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or

Diphenyl carbonate

ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene

PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive

components Construction tools Data Storage devices

ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes

Instruments body parts etc

16

As per IS 14534 (1998)

Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective

17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK

PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES

Litterability

Retrievablity

RecyclabilityEPR

obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING

Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals

Personal hygiene other articles

RIGID

Single Polymer

Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs

Low High EASY Low

Multi Polymer

bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods

High High Medium Medium

Multi Material

Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)

footwear razors High High Difficult High

FLEIXIBLE

Single Polymer

milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers

cables wires dental floss

High Low Easy Medium

Multi Polymer

toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High

Multi material

wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets

toys High Low Difficult Very high

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR

18

The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES

REDUCE

REUSE

RESPECTFULLY RETURN

ndash Collect Segregate

RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)

REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL

RECOVER (ENERGY)

19

VALUE RECOVERY

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES

RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE

RECOVER ENERGY

- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)

Controlled burning

- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)

UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL

- Plastics in Roads

- Decorative items

PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data

wwwpetrecyclingin

Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time

ILSI - India

bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017

80 PET

recycling in India

70 PET recycling in India into

TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10

Another 10 remains in indoors

20

World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber

R-PET fibres boosting performance

IPL Indian team

R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion

22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019

ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand

An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces

The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag

Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious

23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN

UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019

PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS

24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life

PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe

Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer

Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India

26

bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines

bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA

bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA

bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA

bull Plastics Recycling rate 60

bull PET recycling rate 90

bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for

bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer

bull Garbage Bags

bull Food Bags

bull One time use sachets

bull Sanitary WasteDiapers

Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015

Cling Wrap4

Food Bags5

Garbage Bags8 Straws

7 Retails Bags7

Packaging8

Bottle Caps and

Lids12

PET bottles

10

Chips and Confectionery Bags

19

Others20

httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml

Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 13: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

13

MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

(Equitable)(Bearable)

(Viable)

Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics

Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016

4 Process Losses

8 Cascaded Recycling

2 Closed-loop recycling

98 Virgin Feedstock

40 Landfilled78 Million

Tonnes(Annual Prodution)

32 leakage

14 collected for Recycling

14

1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application

2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications

Source

Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report

available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg

14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery

Changing economies

All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15

The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning

RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses

Plastic

Identification

Code

Name of the plastic

(Polymer)

Constituents of the plastic

(Monomers)

Typical End Uses

(Food amp Non-Food)

Polyethylene terephthalate

(PET PETE)

Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +

Ethylene glycol (or MEG)

Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and

Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films

furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films

Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings

Furniture etc

Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films

Automotive and Electronic components Textiles

Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc

Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and

containers Foams Insulations etc

All Other recyclable plastics

Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)

Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene

styrene (ABS)]

PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or

Diphenyl carbonate

ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene

PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive

components Construction tools Data Storage devices

ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes

Instruments body parts etc

16

As per IS 14534 (1998)

Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective

17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK

PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES

Litterability

Retrievablity

RecyclabilityEPR

obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING

Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals

Personal hygiene other articles

RIGID

Single Polymer

Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs

Low High EASY Low

Multi Polymer

bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods

High High Medium Medium

Multi Material

Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)

footwear razors High High Difficult High

FLEIXIBLE

Single Polymer

milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers

cables wires dental floss

High Low Easy Medium

Multi Polymer

toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High

Multi material

wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets

toys High Low Difficult Very high

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR

18

The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES

REDUCE

REUSE

RESPECTFULLY RETURN

ndash Collect Segregate

RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)

REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL

RECOVER (ENERGY)

19

VALUE RECOVERY

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES

RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE

RECOVER ENERGY

- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)

Controlled burning

- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)

UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL

- Plastics in Roads

- Decorative items

PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data

wwwpetrecyclingin

Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time

ILSI - India

bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017

80 PET

recycling in India

70 PET recycling in India into

TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10

Another 10 remains in indoors

20

World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber

R-PET fibres boosting performance

IPL Indian team

R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion

22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019

ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand

An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces

The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag

Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious

23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN

UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019

PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS

24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life

PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe

Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer

Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India

26

bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines

bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA

bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA

bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA

bull Plastics Recycling rate 60

bull PET recycling rate 90

bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for

bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer

bull Garbage Bags

bull Food Bags

bull One time use sachets

bull Sanitary WasteDiapers

Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015

Cling Wrap4

Food Bags5

Garbage Bags8 Straws

7 Retails Bags7

Packaging8

Bottle Caps and

Lids12

PET bottles

10

Chips and Confectionery Bags

19

Others20

httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml

Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 14: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

Global Flows of ldquoPackagingrdquo Plastics

Source The New Plastics Economy Rethinking the future of plastics WEF 2016

4 Process Losses

8 Cascaded Recycling

2 Closed-loop recycling

98 Virgin Feedstock

40 Landfilled78 Million

Tonnes(Annual Prodution)

32 leakage

14 collected for Recycling

14

1 Closed-loop recycling Recycling of plastics into the same or similar-quality application

2 Cascaded recycling Recycling of plastics into other lower-value applications

Source

Project Mainstream analysis ndash for details please refer to the extended version of the report

available on the website of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation wwwellenmacarthurfoundationorg

14 Incineration andor Energy Recovery

Changing economies

All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15

The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning

RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses

Plastic

Identification

Code

Name of the plastic

(Polymer)

Constituents of the plastic

(Monomers)

Typical End Uses

(Food amp Non-Food)

Polyethylene terephthalate

(PET PETE)

Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +

Ethylene glycol (or MEG)

Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and

Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films

furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films

Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings

Furniture etc

Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films

Automotive and Electronic components Textiles

Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc

Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and

containers Foams Insulations etc

All Other recyclable plastics

Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)

Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene

styrene (ABS)]

PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or

Diphenyl carbonate

ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene

PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive

components Construction tools Data Storage devices

ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes

Instruments body parts etc

16

As per IS 14534 (1998)

Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective

17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK

PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES

Litterability

Retrievablity

RecyclabilityEPR

obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING

Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals

Personal hygiene other articles

RIGID

Single Polymer

Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs

Low High EASY Low

Multi Polymer

bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods

High High Medium Medium

Multi Material

Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)

footwear razors High High Difficult High

FLEIXIBLE

Single Polymer

milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers

cables wires dental floss

High Low Easy Medium

Multi Polymer

toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High

Multi material

wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets

toys High Low Difficult Very high

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR

18

The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES

REDUCE

REUSE

RESPECTFULLY RETURN

ndash Collect Segregate

RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)

REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL

RECOVER (ENERGY)

19

VALUE RECOVERY

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES

RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE

RECOVER ENERGY

- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)

Controlled burning

- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)

UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL

- Plastics in Roads

- Decorative items

PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data

wwwpetrecyclingin

Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time

ILSI - India

bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017

80 PET

recycling in India

70 PET recycling in India into

TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10

Another 10 remains in indoors

20

World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber

R-PET fibres boosting performance

IPL Indian team

R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion

22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019

ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand

An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces

The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag

Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious

23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN

UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019

PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS

24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life

PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe

Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer

Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India

26

bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines

bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA

bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA

bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA

bull Plastics Recycling rate 60

bull PET recycling rate 90

bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for

bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer

bull Garbage Bags

bull Food Bags

bull One time use sachets

bull Sanitary WasteDiapers

Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015

Cling Wrap4

Food Bags5

Garbage Bags8 Straws

7 Retails Bags7

Packaging8

Bottle Caps and

Lids12

PET bottles

10

Chips and Confectionery Bags

19

Others20

httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml

Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 15: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

Changing economies

All stakeholders need to move from the wasteful linear economy towards Circular Economy15

The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning

RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses

Plastic

Identification

Code

Name of the plastic

(Polymer)

Constituents of the plastic

(Monomers)

Typical End Uses

(Food amp Non-Food)

Polyethylene terephthalate

(PET PETE)

Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +

Ethylene glycol (or MEG)

Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and

Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films

furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films

Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings

Furniture etc

Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films

Automotive and Electronic components Textiles

Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc

Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and

containers Foams Insulations etc

All Other recyclable plastics

Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)

Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene

styrene (ABS)]

PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or

Diphenyl carbonate

ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene

PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive

components Construction tools Data Storage devices

ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes

Instruments body parts etc

16

As per IS 14534 (1998)

Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective

17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK

PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES

Litterability

Retrievablity

RecyclabilityEPR

obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING

Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals

Personal hygiene other articles

RIGID

Single Polymer

Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs

Low High EASY Low

Multi Polymer

bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods

High High Medium Medium

Multi Material

Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)

footwear razors High High Difficult High

FLEIXIBLE

Single Polymer

milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers

cables wires dental floss

High Low Easy Medium

Multi Polymer

toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High

Multi material

wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets

toys High Low Difficult Very high

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR

18

The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES

REDUCE

REUSE

RESPECTFULLY RETURN

ndash Collect Segregate

RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)

REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL

RECOVER (ENERGY)

19

VALUE RECOVERY

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES

RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE

RECOVER ENERGY

- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)

Controlled burning

- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)

UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL

- Plastics in Roads

- Decorative items

PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data

wwwpetrecyclingin

Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time

ILSI - India

bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017

80 PET

recycling in India

70 PET recycling in India into

TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10

Another 10 remains in indoors

20

World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber

R-PET fibres boosting performance

IPL Indian team

R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion

22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019

ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand

An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces

The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag

Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious

23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN

UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019

PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS

24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life

PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe

Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer

Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India

26

bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines

bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA

bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA

bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA

bull Plastics Recycling rate 60

bull PET recycling rate 90

bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for

bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer

bull Garbage Bags

bull Food Bags

bull One time use sachets

bull Sanitary WasteDiapers

Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015

Cling Wrap4

Food Bags5

Garbage Bags8 Straws

7 Retails Bags7

Packaging8

Bottle Caps and

Lids12

PET bottles

10

Chips and Confectionery Bags

19

Others20

httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml

Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 16: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

The codes are only to differentiate each plastic and have no other meaning

RECYCLABLE Plastics Codes Chemistry and End-uses

Plastic

Identification

Code

Name of the plastic

(Polymer)

Constituents of the plastic

(Monomers)

Typical End Uses

(Food amp Non-Food)

Polyethylene terephthalate

(PET PETE)

Terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid +

Ethylene glycol (or MEG)

Bottles Containers Jars Films Strappings Fibre and

Filaments Non-wovens Medical devices etc

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ethylene Hair-oil amp other household containers Packaging films

furniture Pipes Fuel tanks etc

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl Chloride monomer (VCM) Wire and cables Footwear Floorings Packaging films

Pipes and fittings Medical devices Tarpaulins toys etc

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Ethylene Milk pouches Containers packaging films tubings

Furniture etc

Polypropylene (PP) Propylene Chairs Furniture Containers Packaging films

Automotive and Electronic components Textiles

Medical devices Aerospace Applications etc

Polystyrene (PS) Styrene Protective packaging applications Disposable cups and

containers Foams Insulations etc

All Other recyclable plastics

Example 1 Polycarbonate (PC)

Example 2 Acrylonitrile butadiene

styrene (ABS)]

PC = Bisphenol-A + Phosgene or

Diphenyl carbonate

ABS = acrylonitrile + butadiene + styrene

PC Electronics Aircraft Security and Automotive

components Construction tools Data Storage devices

ABS Electronic and Automotive components Pipes

Instruments body parts etc

16

As per IS 14534 (1998)

Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective

17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK

PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES

Litterability

Retrievablity

RecyclabilityEPR

obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING

Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals

Personal hygiene other articles

RIGID

Single Polymer

Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs

Low High EASY Low

Multi Polymer

bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods

High High Medium Medium

Multi Material

Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)

footwear razors High High Difficult High

FLEIXIBLE

Single Polymer

milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers

cables wires dental floss

High Low Easy Medium

Multi Polymer

toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High

Multi material

wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets

toys High Low Difficult Very high

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR

18

The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES

REDUCE

REUSE

RESPECTFULLY RETURN

ndash Collect Segregate

RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)

REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL

RECOVER (ENERGY)

19

VALUE RECOVERY

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES

RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE

RECOVER ENERGY

- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)

Controlled burning

- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)

UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL

- Plastics in Roads

- Decorative items

PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data

wwwpetrecyclingin

Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time

ILSI - India

bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017

80 PET

recycling in India

70 PET recycling in India into

TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10

Another 10 remains in indoors

20

World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber

R-PET fibres boosting performance

IPL Indian team

R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion

22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019

ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand

An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces

The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag

Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious

23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN

UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019

PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS

24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life

PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe

Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer

Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India

26

bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines

bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA

bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA

bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA

bull Plastics Recycling rate 60

bull PET recycling rate 90

bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for

bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer

bull Garbage Bags

bull Food Bags

bull One time use sachets

bull Sanitary WasteDiapers

Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015

Cling Wrap4

Food Bags5

Garbage Bags8 Straws

7 Retails Bags7

Packaging8

Bottle Caps and

Lids12

PET bottles

10

Chips and Confectionery Bags

19

Others20

httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml

Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 17: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

Understanding Plastics Packaging perspective

17PLASTICS ARE NOT A MONOLITHIC GROUP ndash EACH CATEGORY NEEDS DIFFERENT OUTLOOK

PLASTICS-BASED ARTICLES EXAMPLES

Litterability

Retrievablity

RecyclabilityEPR

obligationCATEGORY COMPLEXITY PACKAGING NON-PACKAGING

Food water beverages personal care pharmaceuticals

Personal hygiene other articles

RIGID

Single Polymer

Bottles drumsLarge articles (tanks furniture) crockery pipes combs

Low High EASY Low

Multi Polymer

bangles frames cutlery marker pens tooth brushes white goods

High High Medium Medium

Multi Material

Paper boat Blister packaging Brick cartons (Eg Tetra Pak)

footwear razors High High Difficult High

FLEIXIBLE

Single Polymer

milk pouches carry bags envelope covers wrappers

cables wires dental floss

High Low Easy Medium

Multi Polymer

toothpasteointment tubes High Medium Medium High

Multi material

wafer packets pouches shampoo sachets

toys High Low Difficult Very high

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR

18

The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES

REDUCE

REUSE

RESPECTFULLY RETURN

ndash Collect Segregate

RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)

REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL

RECOVER (ENERGY)

19

VALUE RECOVERY

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES

RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE

RECOVER ENERGY

- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)

Controlled burning

- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)

UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL

- Plastics in Roads

- Decorative items

PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data

wwwpetrecyclingin

Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time

ILSI - India

bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017

80 PET

recycling in India

70 PET recycling in India into

TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10

Another 10 remains in indoors

20

World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber

R-PET fibres boosting performance

IPL Indian team

R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion

22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019

ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand

An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces

The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag

Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious

23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN

UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019

PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS

24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life

PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe

Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer

Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India

26

bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines

bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA

bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA

bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA

bull Plastics Recycling rate 60

bull PET recycling rate 90

bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for

bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer

bull Garbage Bags

bull Food Bags

bull One time use sachets

bull Sanitary WasteDiapers

Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015

Cling Wrap4

Food Bags5

Garbage Bags8 Straws

7 Retails Bags7

Packaging8

Bottle Caps and

Lids12

PET bottles

10

Chips and Confectionery Bags

19

Others20

httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml

Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 18: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR

18

The 3Rs - for Individuals amp for Industry

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES

REDUCE

REUSE

RESPECTFULLY RETURN

ndash Collect Segregate

RECYCLE (THE USED MATERIAL)

REUTILISE THE USED MATERIAL

RECOVER (ENERGY)

19

VALUE RECOVERY

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES

RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE

RECOVER ENERGY

- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)

Controlled burning

- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)

UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL

- Plastics in Roads

- Decorative items

PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data

wwwpetrecyclingin

Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time

ILSI - India

bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017

80 PET

recycling in India

70 PET recycling in India into

TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10

Another 10 remains in indoors

20

World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber

R-PET fibres boosting performance

IPL Indian team

R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion

22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019

ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand

An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces

The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag

Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious

23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN

UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019

PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS

24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life

PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe

Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer

Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India

26

bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines

bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA

bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA

bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA

bull Plastics Recycling rate 60

bull PET recycling rate 90

bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for

bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer

bull Garbage Bags

bull Food Bags

bull One time use sachets

bull Sanitary WasteDiapers

Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015

Cling Wrap4

Food Bags5

Garbage Bags8 Straws

7 Retails Bags7

Packaging8

Bottle Caps and

Lids12

PET bottles

10

Chips and Confectionery Bags

19

Others20

httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml

Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 19: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

19

VALUE RECOVERY

INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITES

RECOVER MATERIAL = RECYCLE

RECOVER ENERGY

- Plastic as fuel (cement kilns)

Controlled burning

- Plastic to oil (pyrolysis)

UTILIZE (used) MATERIAL

- Plastics in Roads

- Decorative items

PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data

wwwpetrecyclingin

Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time

ILSI - India

bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017

80 PET

recycling in India

70 PET recycling in India into

TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10

Another 10 remains in indoors

20

World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber

R-PET fibres boosting performance

IPL Indian team

R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion

22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019

ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand

An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces

The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag

Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious

23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN

UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019

PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS

24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life

PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe

Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer

Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India

26

bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines

bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA

bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA

bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA

bull Plastics Recycling rate 60

bull PET recycling rate 90

bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for

bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer

bull Garbage Bags

bull Food Bags

bull One time use sachets

bull Sanitary WasteDiapers

Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015

Cling Wrap4

Food Bags5

Garbage Bags8 Straws

7 Retails Bags7

Packaging8

Bottle Caps and

Lids12

PET bottles

10

Chips and Confectionery Bags

19

Others20

httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml

Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 20: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

PET Industries ndash Collection of Objective Data

wwwpetrecyclingin

Quantitative assessment of recycling of PET for the first time

ILSI - India

bull Conference ndash 27-28th February 2017bull Monograph - June 2017

80 PET

recycling in India

70 PET recycling in India into

TEXTILE applicationsStraps films will make another 10

Another 10 remains in indoors

20

World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber

R-PET fibres boosting performance

IPL Indian team

R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion

22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019

ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand

An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces

The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag

Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious

23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN

UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019

PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS

24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life

PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe

Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer

Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India

26

bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines

bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA

bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA

bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA

bull Plastics Recycling rate 60

bull PET recycling rate 90

bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for

bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer

bull Garbage Bags

bull Food Bags

bull One time use sachets

bull Sanitary WasteDiapers

Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015

Cling Wrap4

Food Bags5

Garbage Bags8 Straws

7 Retails Bags7

Packaging8

Bottle Caps and

Lids12

PET bottles

10

Chips and Confectionery Bags

19

Others20

httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml

Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 21: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

World Cup jerseys from PET recycled fiber

R-PET fibres boosting performance

IPL Indian team

R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion

22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019

ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand

An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces

The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag

Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious

23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN

UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019

PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS

24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life

PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe

Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer

Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India

26

bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines

bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA

bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA

bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA

bull Plastics Recycling rate 60

bull PET recycling rate 90

bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for

bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer

bull Garbage Bags

bull Food Bags

bull One time use sachets

bull Sanitary WasteDiapers

Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015

Cling Wrap4

Food Bags5

Garbage Bags8 Straws

7 Retails Bags7

Packaging8

Bottle Caps and

Lids12

PET bottles

10

Chips and Confectionery Bags

19

Others20

httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml

Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 22: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

R-Elan making recycled plastics into a chic fashion

22LAKME FASHION WEEK ndash 31st Jan 2019

ABOUT THE WINNERSPoornima Pande amp Stefano Funari MumbaiI was a Sari - an eco-ethical lifestyle fashion brand

An underprivileged community of women in Mumbai make the products with the up-cycled pre-loved saris Their designs utilize existing resources - fabrics amp materials - and reinvent them into unique pieces

The winning collection comprised recycling of plastic tarpaulin into a raincoat bag and umbrella a 3D appliqueacuted garment bags and shoes as well as a menrsquos wear creation long T-shirt with funky logo and carry bag

Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious

23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN

UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019

PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS

24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life

PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe

Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer

Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India

26

bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines

bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA

bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA

bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA

bull Plastics Recycling rate 60

bull PET recycling rate 90

bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for

bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer

bull Garbage Bags

bull Food Bags

bull One time use sachets

bull Sanitary WasteDiapers

Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015

Cling Wrap4

Food Bags5

Garbage Bags8 Straws

7 Retails Bags7

Packaging8

Bottle Caps and

Lids12

PET bottles

10

Chips and Confectionery Bags

19

Others20

httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml

Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 23: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

Reliance PET recycling going beyond the obvious

23GIVING ldquoSCALErdquo and ldquoELITENESS ldquoTO THE RECYCLING CHAIN

UNEA Nairobi 11 - 15 March 2019

PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS

24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life

PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe

Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer

Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India

26

bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines

bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA

bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA

bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA

bull Plastics Recycling rate 60

bull PET recycling rate 90

bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for

bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer

bull Garbage Bags

bull Food Bags

bull One time use sachets

bull Sanitary WasteDiapers

Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015

Cling Wrap4

Food Bags5

Garbage Bags8 Straws

7 Retails Bags7

Packaging8

Bottle Caps and

Lids12

PET bottles

10

Chips and Confectionery Bags

19

Others20

httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml

Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 24: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

PET RECYCLED PRODUCTS ndash BEYOND APPARELS

24PET is versatile ndash even in its after life

PampG Bottle made from 90 recycled PET and 10 ocean plastic It is finalist in plastic recycling awards Europe

Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer

Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India

26

bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines

bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA

bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA

bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA

bull Plastics Recycling rate 60

bull PET recycling rate 90

bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for

bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer

bull Garbage Bags

bull Food Bags

bull One time use sachets

bull Sanitary WasteDiapers

Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015

Cling Wrap4

Food Bags5

Garbage Bags8 Straws

7 Retails Bags7

Packaging8

Bottle Caps and

Lids12

PET bottles

10

Chips and Confectionery Bags

19

Others20

httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml

Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 25: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

Reverse Vending Machines for PCR PET Engaging the Consumer

Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India

26

bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines

bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA

bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA

bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA

bull Plastics Recycling rate 60

bull PET recycling rate 90

bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for

bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer

bull Garbage Bags

bull Food Bags

bull One time use sachets

bull Sanitary WasteDiapers

Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015

Cling Wrap4

Food Bags5

Garbage Bags8 Straws

7 Retails Bags7

Packaging8

Bottle Caps and

Lids12

PET bottles

10

Chips and Confectionery Bags

19

Others20

httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml

Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 26: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

Packaging Constitutes Major Composition Of Plastics Waste in India

26

bull Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for 2017-18 PWM Guidelines

bull Plastic Waste in India 26000 TPD 94 MTA

bull Plastic Waste Recycled 15600 TPD 56 MTA

bull Uncollected and littered 9400 TPD 38 MTA

bull Plastics Recycling rate 60

bull PET recycling rate 90

bull Cement Kiln W2E Solutions for

bull Chips and Confectionery bags Multilayer

bull Garbage Bags

bull Food Bags

bull One time use sachets

bull Sanitary WasteDiapers

Source Plastic Packaging ndash the sustainable and smarter choice FICCI Strategyamp -PwC 2015

Cling Wrap4

Food Bags5

Garbage Bags8 Straws

7 Retails Bags7

Packaging8

Bottle Caps and

Lids12

PET bottles

10

Chips and Confectionery Bags

19

Others20

httpwwwhindustantimescommumbai-newsindia-recycles-90-of-its-pet-waste-outperforms-japan-europe-and-us-studystory-yqphS1w2GdlwMYPgPtyb2Lhtml

Plastics are 3-4 of MSW at Landfills

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 27: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

27

Plastics in Roadsbull The plastic can be shredded to the right size and

incorporated right into the tarbull The plastic melts and lends its qualities to the road bull The entire process is much more eco-friendly than plastic

being recycled since no toxic fumes are vented

Plastone Blocksbull Made from a mixture of waste plastic and stonesgranite

wasteceramic wastebull Withstands more pressure and resist water percolationbull Many advantages over conventional blocks of cement

Prof R Vasudevan

Dean Department of Chemistry

Thiagarajar College of Engineering

Madurai TN

Plastics Waste in Road-making The Indian Story

The ldquoPlastic Manrdquo of India

GoI has now mandated the use of 8 plastics-waste in road construction

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 28: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

28

4Collaborative efforts

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 29: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

Declaration on Marine Litter Solutions

29

Our DeclarationldquoOur Declaration of the Global Plastics

Associations for Solutions on Marine Litter is one of the primary ways the worldrsquos plastics

makers are conserving our oceans and combatting ocean pollution Since 2011 a total

of 69 world plastics organizations in 35 countries have voluntarily committed to

helphellip[hellip]rdquo

More on wwwmarinelittersolutionscom

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 30: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

Intellectual Collaboration

30

Workshop on Circular Economy at 2017 Dornbirn MMF Congress

13-15 September 2017

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 31: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

International Coaltions ndash action oriented

31

INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE- 30 global companies that have formed a nonprofit- Goal is to commit $15 billion over the next five years to fighting plastic waste

INDIA-NORWAY MARINE POLLUTION INITIATIVE- 11th Feb 2019

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 32: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

Innovation in Waste Collection also needed - NAMAMI GANGE sewerages32

Waste Collection stop before it enters water bodies

UN Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea

Seventeenth Meeting 13-17 June 2016

J Jambeck Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering Univ of Georgia

Floating debris

Sinkable debris

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 33: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

33

5Scientific Approachfor ProductProcess redesign

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 34: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

34

Established knowledge

bull Annual growth ~9 (currently 260 Mtyear)

bull 6-8 of world oil production is used

bull ~33 used for disposable items of packaging

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Is our usage of hydrocarbons for plastics sustainable

bullBiopolymers -

bullTo what extent they can replace oil-based plastics

bullIs land available for production of biomass

bullRelease of micro-particles to environment

Recommendations

bull Increaseincentivize material reduction amp reuse

bull Extensive LCAs

bull Develop alternative monomers polymers and additives using green chemistry approaches

bull Standards amp labelling of recyclable lsquodegradablersquo lsquobiodegradablersquo and compostable polymers

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Production

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 35: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

35

Established knowledge

bull Domestic and industrial wastes in landfill

bull Recycling of some polymers (eg PET) increased considerably but not for all plastics

bull Biodegradable plastics can compromise recycling ndashneed industrial composting (not readily degradable in landfills)

Concerns amp uncertainty

bull Lack of space in landfill ndashdisposal strategies not sustainable

bull Leaching of chemicals from plastics in landfill

bull Degradabilityenvironmental fate of additives used in biodegradable polymers

Recommendations for recycling

bull Increaseincentivize product design for

bullUse of recycled feedstock

bullIncreased end-of- life recyclability

bull Innovations in collection amp separation of plastic waste

bull Investment inincentivize

bull Standardize labelling amp other identifiers

bull Research and monitoring of leachates from landfills

Challenges in Waste Management Polymer Disposal

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 36: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

36

Established knowledge

bull plastic debris present in marine habitats incl poles and deep sea

bull Fabric is increasingstabilizing (not declining)

bull Fabric debris is fragmenting into micro-fibres (lt20 mm)

Concerns amp Uncertainty

bull Mechanism of formation of micro-plastics not fully understood

bull Rates of accumulation of debris on land in freshwaters and in deep-sea are not certain

bull Do biodegradable or compostable plastics degrade in natural habitats

Recommendations

bullEducation engagement amp enforcement for

bulluse of used plastics as feedstock for recycling

bullPrevention of wasteful amp adverse ecological effects

bullcleaning programmes in natural urban and industrial locations

bullDevelop standard protocols to monitor plastic debris

bullResearch on breakdown of degradable amp biodegradables

Challenges in Waste Management Post-use fate of Polymers

Adapted from

Review Plastics the environment and human health R C Thompson et al Phil Trans R Soc B (2009) 364 2153ndash2166

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 37: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

Plastic waste ndash in common conversation

37PACKAGING REDESIGNING IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 38: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

Sustainability matrix for plastic packaging

38PACKAGING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF helliphellip EVERTYTHING

ACTIVITY SUSTAINABILITY FACILITATORSREQUIREMENT ON

PACKAGINGINFLUENCER REMEDY

Handling

Downstream effectiveness depends on upstream cleanliness

Clean packageproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT

Avoid comminution Uncut package

Disposal

Green bin for bio wastewet waste

Segregationhuman behaviour

EDUCATION amp AWARENESS

Blue bin for recyclablesplastics into designated bins

Retrievability

minimum weight Weight

product attributeDESIGN FOR COLLECTION

minimum size Size

fit-for-collection Shape

Recyclability

decides the route of value recovery (material or energy)

Chemistryproduct attribute

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING

decides ease of recoveryComponent Complexity

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 39: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

Towards Solutions for Microfibres

bull Washing machines better filters detergents temperature pre-washing

bull Sewage plants better filters proper handling of sewage sludge

bull Behaviour not throwing waste fishing nets or ropes into the sea flushable

wipes into the sinkhellip gt campaigns for awareness raising among a large

public

bull Textile Product Design garments with reduced shedding

bull Further solutions for reducing marine textile post-consumer waste eg

recycling of waste fishing nets collected from the sea into fibres (polyamide)

39

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 40: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

Solutions for Microfibres PRODUCT REDESIGN

40

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 41: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

Sustainability innovations ndash utilizing the USPs of Polymers

Unique Tools to design properties in

polymers

bull Transition temperatures

bull Molecular weight

bull Rheology

bull Morphology

Barrier properties without a need for

multi layers

Non-chemical routes

41

Development of new features

bull Bio-degradable plastics

bull Oxo-degradable plastics

bull Bio-compostable

bull Bio-polymers Bio-monomers

Chemical routes

Novel collection methods

bull At-source

collectionsegregation

methodologies

Litter Management

bullENZYME BASED TREATMENTSof plastic waste

Bacterium that eats PET Ideonella sakaiensis

201-F6 Kyoto Univ

11 May 2016

Y Kimura K Oda et al

- Science 351 1196-1199 (2016)

- Science 353 759-c (2016)

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 42: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

Plastics vs Bio-Plastics vs modified polymers

42

Beginning-of-life concerns Consequences End-of-life concerns

Biodegradabilityhellip

Recyclabilityhellip

Oil Depletion

Land Blockage

bull Off-shore Reserves(Petrochemical based)

bull On-shore Reserves(Bio-based)

Consequences are just getting shifted not ELIMINATED

Concerns remain UNMITIGATED

LITTERING hellipSpoiling the virgin recycling

chain

bull Including RECYCLED components

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 43: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

43

5EPILOGUE

SUSTAINABILITY OF POLYMER MATERIALS

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 44: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

Polymers are here to stay

44

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 45: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

Plastics Consumption in perspective

45Indiarsquos plastics consumption is lower than even the global average

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 46: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

46

Packaging of Mango pulp in the Konkan Belt

Food Park in Nagpur

PETplastics in economic growth amp employment

FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY IS JUST ONE EXAMPLE

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 47: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

The upcoming timelines

47

GOVTs WASTE MGT NGT NEW GOVTS

1996 (non-Congress coaltion govt)

GOVT has given enough timeHAS INDUSTRY RESPONDED SATISFACTORILY

2018 27th MarAmendment to PWM

2011 (UPA govt)

2016 23rd Mar = PWM (NDA govt)

10th July 2019

CENTRE= June 2019

MH = Nov 2019MH GOVT (yuti Sarkar) 23rd Mar 2018

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 48: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical

Reduce

Recycle

Reuse

Recover

Let us Learn the ldquo5Rsrdquo in Polymers usage hellip

Redesign

Page 49: Circular Economy for PLASTICS Taj Santacruz, Mumbai · LAKME FASHION WEEK –31st Jan 2019 ABOUT THE WINNERS Poornima Pande & Stefano Funari, Mumbai I was a Sari - an eco-ethical