CircassiaEthnic Cleansing & Genocide

Walid HakouzPart I

Toronto - Canada2011

• 1763 - Russians invaded the city of Mozdok, in the eastern Circassia, which was the beginning of the Russian-Circassian War.

• 1774 - As a result to the Russian-Turkish War, the Kaynarca Kuchuk treaty, attached Kabarda, the eastern part of Circassia, under the Russian rule.

• 1787 - After the Russian-Turkish War, the northern Circassia was occupied, and Anapa city was attacked.

Introduction

• 1796 – After the Russian-Persian War, Astrakhan was invaded, and Derbant was occupied.

• 1801 – Russians invaded Georgia, and as a result of Turkmenchia treaty, Georgia was occupied in 1828.

• 1829 - After the Russian-Turkish War, and as a result of Adrianople, Anapa city was concurred, and Circassian Black Sea coast, was blocked.

Circassia Resisting

Russians forces marched from the occupied territories of Circassia “Kabarda” by the end of

the Crimean War

• Ethnic cleansing and destruction started.

• Settling the Kozaks in the Circassian villages.

• 1856 – Circassian migrating started.

• 1862 – Circassian deportation started.

Circassian Migration

Circassian Mass Migration

• Published a report dated Feb. 7th 1860, that, 20,000 Circcassian immigrants had disembarked in Istanbul.

• Pointed to a letter dated Aug. 14th 1860, that, more thousands of Circassian refugees are expected.

• Reported, that, hundreds of them drowned in the Black Sea due to the storms.

Headline of the Levant Herald in London – 1860.

“Circassian Mass Migration”

According to Hermann Daniel, his estimate of the Circassian depurated to the Ottoman Empire during 1856 – 1878 is: 1,008,000. Among them : 595,000 they were re-settled in the European Ottoman area.

“1,008,000”

German Consul General Hermann Daniel

He estimated the number of Circassians depurated :

• During 1855 – 1865, the total : 300,000.

• During 1864 alone, the total : 700,000.

• During this time, 100,000 died, and drowned.

“900,000”

Italian Consul General A. Ubicini

He estimated the total number of deported Circassians from Circassia are one million, and, that 600,000 had arrived into Turkey, and that, 400,000 were settled in the European parts of Turkey.

“1,000,000”

Turkish Historian

Salah Deen Bey

According to a French source, the Illustrated News, published a report in it’s winter issue – 1876, that, the Ottoman Authorities finally admitted set telling 595,000 Circassians in Bulgaria, Albania, and Sirbia. Moreover, a total of 400,000 Circassians were settled in the Anadoul and other areas.

“995,000”

The Illustrated News

He estimates the total Circassians deported during:

• 1858 – 1863 : from all Black Sea ports

493,197

• 1863 – 1864 : from Anapa, and Sochi ports

332,068

"825,265"

Turkish Historian

A. P. Berzhe

Circassian Exodus

Total Female Male Famiy Clan Date Ship

4101416

181639

229777

73223

AbadzakhShapsug

14/10 Sunjk Shadi

2200 1003 1197 401 Abadzakh 20/10 Ta’ef

1640410

633180

1007230

23486

AbadzakhShapsug

20/10 Majeedieh

2500 1148 1352 319 Abadzakh 8/11 Sunjk Shadi

380 177 203 51 Abadzakh 10/11 Asheel Ghilat

344 169 165 24 Abadzakh 10/11 Shat Yaylo

300 139 161 50 Abadzakh 15/11 Naft Baqri

2300 1013 1287 213 Abadzakh 20/11 Majeedieh

1501799

706382

795417

96100

Abadzakh Bzhadug

20/11 Ta’ef

14,190 6,359 7,831 1,870 Grand Total

Circassians Deportees , Sochi Port - 1864

Circassian Genocide & Ethnic Cleansing

Committed by Tsarist Russia

deported more than

1,000,000Circassians