CIGRE AG “Network of the Future” - Electricity supply systems of the future · PDF...
Transcript of CIGRE AG “Network of the Future” - Electricity supply systems of the future · PDF...
CIGRE’s technical activities are split into 16 fields, each under the responsibility of a Study Committee
coordinating the activities in each field. Approximately 200 Working Groups are constantly operating,
grouping together over 2000 experts within the electric energy sector from all over the world, who are ideally
CIGRE AG “Network of the Future”
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF THE FUTURE
Nikos Hatziargyriou
SC C6 Chair National Technical University of
Athens, Greece [email protected]
CIGRE’s technical activities are split into 16 fields, each under the responsibility of a Study Committee
coordinating the activities in each field. Approximately 200 Working Groups are constantly operating,
grouping together over 2000 experts within the electric energy sector from all over the world, who are ideally
The purpose of modern power systems is to supply electric energy satisfying the following conflicting requirements:
• High reliability and security of supply • Most economic solution • Best environmental protection
THE NETWORK OF THE FUTURE AG
Future work • Modeling and analysis of active
networks. • Environmental issues
Key
Challenges • Distribution level needs
more ‘smartness’. • Massive penetration of
smaller units imposes the need for their control and coordination. The coordination of millions of small resources poses huge technical challenge, requires application of decentralized, intelligent control techniques.
• Smart metering massive implementation.
• Novel distribution network architectures Microgrids and Virtual Power Plants
Key
Challenges • New architectures
of ICT for system operation, protection …
• What data must be exchanged and its requirements (volume, frequency, availability, security etc …)
Issues of • Disaster recovery
and restoration plans
• Cyber security and access control Future work
Effects on power system operation and control
Key Challenges
• Network performance needs to be carefully studied, with appropriate models of the HVDC and PE systems.
• Harmonic distortion of HVDC and PE to be managed with ac and dc harmonic filtering.
• HVDC and PE different response to conventional generation during faults in the ac network.
• HVDC Grids are a new and different application of HVDC and requires standards and grid codes to enable the grid to be built gradually, and with converters from different manufacturers, similar for ac networks.
Future work The penetration of power electronics at
medium and low voltage levels
Key Challenges Construction Issues
• Advanced material for construction
• Reduction of installation and construction costs
• Reduction of environmental impact, recycling
• Reduction of energy losses, improve efficiency of charge/discharge cycles.
• Decrease weight and increase size density
• Life-time estimation models, ageing mechanism
• Operation and network issues
• Modeling for steady state and dynamic simulations.
• Management for storage • Sizing of storage devices • Co-operation with RES
for hybrid systems • Management in
Autonomous systems. • Ability to reduce peaks • Co-operation with DSM
Future work • Development in storage technologies, in material and devices or methods • Storage analytical models • Storage solutions connected via Power Electronics for reactive power
management, potential integration with HVDC Grids • Effect of large scale storage in the development and operation of the power
system
Key challenges 1. Operational challenges by combination of stochastic generation loads due to DSM and energy storage.
• Power balancing • Congestion management • Active and reactive reserves • Risk management
2. Evolution of power system control at Continental, Country, Regional and local
• Improve the awareness of the overall system status
• Define boundaries between TSO and DSO systems
• Information exchange and operational interfaces between TSO and other actors: production and load centres
3. Increased level of automation • New software tools to quickly
determine the status of the system over wide area and to alarm system operators
• Automated adjustment of the configuration and electrical parameters of the system
• Automated service restoration and adapted disaster recovery
4. Ensure competencies and adapt training of System operators
Future work • Challenges in control centres due to intermittent renewable
generation, level of conventional generation? • Critical infrastructure protection against cyber attacks • Ancillary services from intermittent generation • Harmonisation of grid codes for wind farms connecting to the grid • How to handle large blackout events in a market based system
where demand control can be based on market signals
Key Challenges
New Wide area Protection systems for Transmission, overcome limitations of special protection schemes in terms of reliability, flexibility and maintenance cost. Impact on the protection system of new generation technologies (decreasing short circuit power). Capabilities for Fault Ride Trough. Coordination between protection and new generators capabilities. Inadvertent Islanding detection and intentional islanded operation. New protection and automation functions for distribution network. Development of powerful com-munication networks in distribution systems. Metering as information collectors for distribution networks automation, home energy management and EVs. Future work
• Modeling of protection devices and consideration of protection in analytical tools
• Protection of active networks including low voltage networks
Key Challenges
• Changing role of the power
system impacts the ability to plan to minimize asset stranding while maintaining reliability and quality.
• Changes in technology (need to understand cost, capabilities and lead times of each solution to enable comparison between options)
• Changing economic drivers (Impacts availability of funding and investment risk)
• Changing market and regulatory environment (impacts on level of central planning vs. market solutions)
• Changing nature of supply and demand (increases uncertainty of long term solutions and potential for asset stranding)
Future work • Environmental effects and the functioning of
electricity markets. • Effects of protection • The integration of HVDC Grids and AC
Networks
Key Challenges
• Advanced numerical
techniques and numerical methods for the solution of dynamic problems in integrated timeframes and multiphase load-flow problems,
• Bridging the gap between 3-phase and positive sequence modeling.
• Advanced tools and techniques for power balancing and reserve requirement evaluation
• Operational tools allowing a probabilistic and risk-based planning
• Advanced load modeling techniques
• Multi agent techniques. • Model active control
strategies (centralized control systems, grid-friendly appliances, demand side management, etc.).
Future work New tools for development and operation of active networks, especially their dynamic behavior, islanding and power quality effects. Models for assessing the interaction between the ac system and HVDC converter stations, HVDC Grids and for FACTS devices
Technical Issues
• Technologies for uprating existing lines : replace old conductors by high temperature conductors, re-tension existing conductors, upgrade tension level, use real time thermal monitoring,…
• Convert AC to DC lines, • Develop new insulated AC
or DC submarine and underground cables for offshore wind farms,
• Investigate the stability of the network taking into account these new materials,
• Investigate the ability of all components to withstand transients and over voltages,
Future work Increased use of interconnections and their implications on planning, operation & control and the establishment of electricity markets
Key Challenges
In the planning phase:
to demonstrate the usefulness and the benefits given by the network, to guarantee that Sustainable Development principles and issues are being incorporated since this stage, to take into account public views and needs already in the design steps (e.g. the choice of alternatives)
In the construction and operation phases;
to demonstrate the compliance with environmental standards, to obtain a support to the necessary actions (e.g. maintenance, …).
Future work The development of electricity systems of the future requires extensive engagement with key stakeholders to ensure the required investments receive government and community support and gain access to scarce capital.
WG C6.20: Integration of Electric Vehicles in Electric Power
Prepare the power system for a progressive EV deployment
EV aggregator providing
with home connected EV
• Key Drivers: Social behavior of EV drivers, CO2 emissions, RES integration
• EV deployment scenarios and business models • Identification of management and control solutions to accommodate
large scale deployment of EV taking into account drivers interaction • System impacts resulting from the presence of EV • Standardization of technologies and technical requirements • The effects of EV into electricity markets and the need for regulatory
and support mechanisms
CHAdeMO Connector
PLAYERSCONTROL HIERARCHY
DMS
CAMC
CVC
MGCC
Control Level 3
VC
RAU
MGAU
TSO
GENCO
DSO
Control Level 1
Control Level 2
Suppplier/AggregatorDis
trib
utio
n Sy
stem
Transmission System
Generation System
Ele
ctric
ity M
arke
t O
pera
tors
Technical Operation Market Operation
Electric Energy
Electric Energy
Technical Validation of the Market Negotiation (for the transmission system)
Electric Energy
Reserves
Reserves
Parking Parking BatteryReplacement
BatteryReplacement
EVOwner/Electricity
consumer
Parking Facilities
Battery Suppliers
Electricity Supplier
Electricity Consumer
Electric Energy
Controls (in normal system operation) At the level ofCommunicates with
Sell offerBuy offer
Technical validation of the market resultsControls (in abnormal system operation/emergency mode)
Reserves 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
Po
we
r (M
W)
Dumb Charging (25% EV) Without EV
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
Po
we
r (M
W)
Multiple Tariff (35% EV) Without EV
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
Po
we
r (M
W)
Smart Charging (57% EV) Without EV
Load profiles with different EV
charging strategies
Technical management and market operation
framework for EV integration
• Definitions • Benefits • Functionalities and technologies • Business cases • Roadmap • Annex 1: Demonstration projects • Annex 2: Microgrids use cases • Annex 3: Microgrids definitions and nomenclature
WG C6.22: Microgrid Evolution Roadmap Microgrids are electricity distribution systems containing loads and distributed energy
resources, (such as distributed generators, storage devices, or controllable loads) that can
be operated in a controlled, coordinated way either while connected to the main power
network or while islanded.
34 members, experts and correspondents:
Europe (13), Americas (11), Australia (2), Asia (7), Africa (1)
Alameda County Santa Rita Jail
12 kV sub-cycle static switch
When a disturbance to the utility grid occurs, the automatic disconnect switch enables the facility to “island” itself from the main utility grid and independently generate and store its own energy.
The CERTS-enabled smart grid supports the seamless integration of additional distributed technologies, including generation, storage, controls and communications.
Energy Storage System:
Lithium Ion 4 MW-hr 2 MW power
The Distributed Energy Resources Management System (DERMS)
1 MW fuel cell
1.2 MW PV
12kV sub-cycle static disconnect switch
Chevron Energy Solutions © 2012 Chevron
Santa Rita Jail Microgrid, California University ZoneEnergy CenterEnergy CenterFor this DemoFor this DemoFor this DemoFor this Demo
Jan 15/16 2013 © 2013 NTT FACILITIES, Inc. All rights reserved. 8
Source: Tohoku Fukushi Univ. Web Site
Sendai Microgrid, Japan Mannheim-Wallstad Microgrid, Germany
Labein Microgrid Lab, S
pain
WG C6.24: Capacity of Distribution Feeders for Hosting DER
Connection and Integration of DER
Objectives • Study DER penetration potential and technical evaluation practices adopted by
DSOs all over the world
Membership: 32 experts from 19 countries/5 continents
Technical Brochure highlights
• Overview of technical issues limiting DER hosting capacity
• Outline of DSO evaluation practices (21 countries – emphasis on practical rules
and limits)
• Discussion on means
employed by DSOs to
increase hosting capacity
• Case studies