Church History and Christian Ministry
-
Upload
akeem-mooney -
Category
Documents
-
view
33 -
download
3
description
Transcript of Church History and Christian Ministry
Church History and Christian Ministry
Augustine (354 – 430)
Thomas Aquinas (1225 – 1274)
Martin Luther (1483 – 1546)
Karl Barth (1886 – 1968)
The Middle Ages
Dominated by Augustin and Platonism
Emphasis on Other-Worldly Images
The Middle Ages
Dominated by Augustin and Platonism
Emphasis on Other-Worldly Images
The Crusades opened the doors to classic humanism and a new interest in nature
The Middle Ages
Dominated by Augustin and Platonism
Emphasis on Other-Worldly Images
The Crusades opened the doors to classic humanism and a new interest in nature
The Middle Ages
Dominated by Augustin and Platonism
Emphasis on Other-Worldly Images
The Crusades opened the doors to classic humanism and a new interest in nature
…and out of this, the Renaissance
The Middle Ages
Dominated by Augustin and Platonism
Emphasis on Other-Worldly Images
The Crusades opened the doors to classic humanism and a new interest in nature
…and out of this, the Renaissance
The Renaissance (1400s)
1. Humanism
Leonardo’s Vitruvian Man (c. 1485) represented his depiction of the idea that “man” is the measure of all proportion
The Renaissance (1400s)
1. Humanism
2. Wealth
The Renaissance (1400s)
1. Humanism
2. Wealth
The Medici, and other Italian banking families, amassed vast fortunes trading in imports from the east brought back by Crusaders and others
The Renaissance (1400s)
1. Humanism
2. Wealth
3. Corruption
The Renaissance (1400s)
1. Humanism
2. Wealth
3. Corruption
Johann Tetzel
Papal power to sell “forgiveness of sins” led to widespread abuse and corruption, a force that naturally led to the cry for reformation
Renaissance – a short history of Florence
Cosimo (1389 – 1464)
Renaissance – a short history of Florence
Wealth flows into Italy – Medici and Florence
Cosimo (1389 – 1464)
Patron of arts
Cosimo sets up one of earliest banks
Renaissance – a short history of Florence
Cosimo (1389 – 1464)
Piero de Medici (1464 – 1470)
Renaissance – a short history of Florence
Cosimo (1389 – 1464)
Piero de Medici (1464 – 1470)
Continued his father’s business
Died early of lung disease
Renaissance – a short history of Florence
Cosimo (1389 – 1464)
Piero de Medici (1464 – 1470)
Lorenzo (1470 – 1492)
Renaissance – a short history of Florence
Cosimo (1389 – 1464)
Piero de Medici (1464 – 1470)
Lorenzo (1470 – 1492)
Giovanni (1475 – 1521)
Giulio (1478 – 1534)
Michelangelo – adopted into family
Renaissance – a short history of Florence
Cosimo (1389 – 1464)
Piero de Medici (1464 – 1470)
Lorenzo (1470 – 1492)
Giovanni (1475 – 1521)
Renaissance – a short history of Florence
Cosimo (1389 – 1464)
Piero de Medici (1464 – 1470)
Lorenzo (1470 – 1492)
Giovanni (1475 – 1521)
Giovanni and Julius were driven out in 1494.
Giovanni is cardinal – but now no power base
Renaissance – a short history of Florence
Cosimo (1389 – 1464)
Piero de Medici (1464 – 1470)
Lorenzo (1470 – 1492)
Giovanni (1475 – 1521)
Republican Florence (1494 – 1511)
Michelangelo stays to support the republic
Produced the David, which became a political statement
Renaissance – a short history of Florence
Cosimo (1389 – 1464)
Piero de Medici (1464 – 1470)
Lorenzo (1470 – 1492)
Giovanni (1475 – 1521)
Republican Florence (1494 – 1512)
Michelangelo stays to support the republic
Produced the David, which became a political statement
Put in front of city hall: David (Florence) v. Goliath (Medici)
Florence is under the care of Machiavelli
Renaissance – a short history of Florence
Cosimo (1389 – 1464)
Piero de Medici (1464 – 1470)
Lorenzo (1470 – 1492)
Giovanni (1475 – 1521)
Republican Florence (1494 – 1512)
Michelangelo stays to support the republic
Produced the David, which became a political statement
Put in front of city hall: David (Florence) v. Goliath (Medici)
Florence is under the care of Machiavelli
Savoranola is political/religious reformer
Renaissance – a short history of Florence
Cosimo (1389 – 1464)
Piero de Medici (1464 – 1470)
Lorenzo (1470 – 1492)
Giovanni (1475 – 1521)
Republican Florence (1494 – 1512)
Michelangelo stays to support the republic
Produced the David, which became a political statement
Put in front of city hall: David (Florence) v. Goliath (Medici)
Florence is under the care of Machiavelli
Savoranola is political/religious reformer
Renaissance – a short history of Florence
Cosimo (1389 – 1464)
Piero de Medici (1464 – 1470)
Lorenzo (1470 – 1492)
Giovanni (1475 – 1521)
Republican Florence (1494 – 1512)
Giovanni retakes Florence with Pope’s Help (1511)
Renaissance – a short history of Florence
Cosimo (1389 – 1464)
Piero de Medici (1464 – 1470)
Lorenzo (1470 – 1492)
Giovanni (1475 – 1521)
Republican Florence (1494 – 1511)
Giovanni retakes Florence with Pope’s Help (1511)
Machiavelli tortured and exiled, wrote The Prince
Pope Julius II dies; Giovanni elected pope (Leo X, 1513)
Renaissance – a short history of Florence
Cosimo (1389 – 1464)
Piero de Medici (1464 – 1470)
Lorenzo (1470 – 1492)
Giovanni (1475 – 1521)
Republican Florence (1494 – 1511)
Giovanni retakes Florence with Pope’s Help (1511)
Machiavelli tortured and exiled, wrote The Prince
Pope Julius II dies; Giovanni elected pope (Leo X, 1513)
Bankrupted the papacy in about a year
Luther: b. 1483 – Lorenzo is controlling Florence
Martin Luther and the Reformation
Luther’s Early Life (1483 – 1505)Hans Luther was part of rising peasant class
Invested heavily in Martin’s education
Enrolled at University of Erfurt (1501)
1502 – graduated 2nd in class.
1505 – M.A. in law
The lightening storm incident
Luther: b. 1483 – Cosimo is controlling Florence
Martin Luther and the Reformation
Luther’s Early Life (1483 – 1505)
Luther the Monk (1505 – 1515)
Joined Augustinian monastery in 1515
Ceaseless anxiety as a monk
1510: visited Rome for first and only time: bitterly disillusioned
1515 – started commentary on Romans – stuck in Romans 1:15ff
Johann Tetzel came selling papal indulgences
Luther: b. 1483 – Cosimo is controlling Florence
Martin Luther and the Reformation
Luther’s Early Life (1483 – 1505)
Luther the Monk (1505 – 1515)
Joined Augustinian monastery in 1515
Ceaseless anxiety as a monk
1510: visited Rome for first and only time: bitterly disillusioned
1515 – started commentary on Romans – stuck in Romans 1:15ff
Johann Tetzel came selling papal indulgences
Luther wrote the 95 Theses – critical of theology of indulgences
Luther: b. 1483 – Cosimo is controlling Florence
Martin Luther and the Reformation
Luther’s Early Life (1483 – 1505)
Luther the Monk (1505 – 1515)
Joined Augustinian monastery in 1515
Ceaseless anxiety as a monk
1510: visited Rome for first and only time: bitterly disillusioned
1515 – started commentary on Romans – stuck in Romans 1:15ff
Johann Tetzel came selling papal indulgences
Luther wrote the 95 Theses – critical of theology of indulgences
Luther: b. 1483 – Cosimo is controlling Florence
Martin Luther and the Reformation
Luther’s Early Life (1483 – 1505)
Luther the Monk (1505 – 1515)
The Indulgence Controversy (1515 – 1521)
The 95 Theses swept through Germany and all of Europe
Pope Leo didn’t take Luther too seriously at the beginning
A series of meetings culminated at Worms in 1521
Luther excommunicated – “Here I Stand” speech
Luther: b. 1483 – Cosimo is controlling Florence
Martin Luther and the Reformation
Luther’s Early Life (1483 – 1505)
Luther the Monk (1505 – 1515)
The Indulgence Controversy (1515 – 1521)
Luther the Reformer (1521 – 1546)
1521 – 22: Wartburg Castle; translates New Testament
Luther: b. 1483 – Cosimo is controlling Florence
Martin Luther and the Reformation
Luther’s Early Life (1483 – 1505)
Luther the Monk (1505 – 1515)
The Indulgence Controversy (1515 – 1521)
Luther the Reformer (1521 – 1546)
1521 – 22: Wartburg Castle; translates New Testament
1524 – Peasants’ War – political revolt not supported by Luther
1525 – Married Katie von Bora
Luther: b. 1483 – Cosimo is controlling Florence
Martin Luther and the Reformation
Luther’s Early Life (1483 – 1505)
Luther the Monk (1505 – 1515)
The Indulgence Controversy (1515 – 1521)
Luther the Reformer (1521 – 1546)
1521 – 22: Wartburg Castle; translates New Testament
1524 – Peasants’ War – political revolt not supported by Luther
1525 – Married Katie von Bora
1529 – Wrote hymn: A Mighty Fortress
Colloquy of Marburg: join Swiss and German Ref
1546: Death of Luther
The Reformation (1500s)
Emphasis on sources over tradition
Unless I am convinced by proofs from Scriptures or by plain and clear reasons and arguments, I can and will not retract, for it is neither safe nor wise to do anything against conscience. Here I stand. I can do no other. God help me. Amen." – Martin Luther
The Reformation (1500s)
Emphasis on sources over tradition
Emphasis on conscience over authority
The Reformation (1500s)
Emphasis on sources over tradition
Emphasis on conscience over authority
Emphasis on productive over slavish labor
…which all tended to produce a new interest in science and its utility
“The invention of the printing-press prepared the way for popular education. The Reformation first utilized the press on a large scale, and gave a powerful impulse to common schools. The genius of Protestantism favors the general diffusion of knowledge. It elevates the laity, emancipates private judgment, and stimulates the sense of personal responsibility. Every man should be trained to a position of Christian freedom and self-government.” – Philip Schaff
Four Solas of the Reformation
Sola Fides
Sola Scriptura
Sola Gracia
Sola Christus
+ Works
+ Tradition
+ Merit
+ The Church