CH/'^TER 113-

H1^7DUiTANI NUBILITY

We have divided Babur's nob i l i t y , as mentioned

e a r l i e r / in to two broad groupa-—-the Hinduijtani and the

Central ^ciian nobles . In thid ch£ipter we s h a l l diiicuss

the pos i t ion of the Hindustani nobles under Babur. By

Hindustani n o b i l i t y we mean the Afghans/ the jhaikhzada^'/

the ra i s / ranas or raj as and others who a f t e r t h e i r

submission to Babur were conferred upon wajh/ ent rus ted

v/ith mi l i t a ry commands and other p r i v i l e g e s . They are

general ly refer red to in the Baburnama as "umara-i Hind".

Many of them had already enjoyed the s t a tu s of amir

under the Lodis and had been holders of la rge iqtas»

In view of t h e i r power, pos i t ion and influence in the

remnants of the lod i empire Babur was obliged t o accomodate

them in his n o b i l i t y . Thus they cons t i tu ted a major

component of h is nob i l i ty in Hindustan.

Vie notice a t o t a l of 45 Hindustanis who

submitted to Babur. Most of these nobles v/ere assigned

wajh and thus included among Babur's wajhdars. i- s is evident

from table numbers 1-3, produced below, 24 of them were

1. This being the t o t a l of t ab l e numbers 1-5 plus 9. 'X' The Parmulis have been i d e n t i f i e d by I q t i d a r Husain S idd iq i

as Sha,ikhzadas, not as Afghans, see Composition of Mobil i ty under the Lodi S u l t a n s " Medieval India-A M i s c e l l a n y , v o l . i v , p . 13 <5: n2.

-59-

assigned wajh. In 12 cases Babur 0spec i f i ca l ly mentions

the amotint of wajh he fixed for the individual nobles

and mentions the t e r r i t o r y from which t h e i r wajh was

assigned. The t o t a l of the wajh a l ienated in favour of

these 12 nobles amounted to 10 crore 52 lacs and 5o

thousand tankas , as is c l e a r from the following t a b l e .

Table N o d : - Hindustani nobles in whose cases the value of assignments is mentioned by Babur,

1 , 3 ,

Name of the Noble

Value of the ass ignnient in tankeis

Name of the pargana/ t e r r i t o r y against which the assignment was made,

1, Ali Khan Farmuli

Cr. Lac. Th.

- 25 -

2, Shaikh Bayzid 1 48 50 Faniruli

3 c Fath IChan 1 60 -oarvvani

4, Firoz Khan 1 46 05 darang iO^ani

5„ Ismail J i lwani - 72 -

6, J a l a l Khan Nohani

60

Name of the pargana not mentioned(,B.N, Bev.ii/ 527.)

Awadh(B.N. 3ev,ii/527,)

pargenas held by his fa ther and some other parganas(Karrah Man}cpurr (B, N, B e v . i i / 537.)

from Jaunpur(B.N. Bev, i i /527^

from oarwar(B,N. Bev, ii/679,)

from Bihar (B.N. Bev, i i /676. )

c o n t d . . .

- 6 0 -

1 . _2j

90 35

50

30

3 .

7« Mahrriud Khan Mohani

8 . f^aa Farmuli

9. Nizam Khan of Biana

20

K). Cazi Jia 20

n. Tatar Khan oarang Khani

20

12, Yahya Nohani 15

from Ghazipur(H.l-!. Bev. ii/527. X

from Bihar (B.N. Bev. ii/676.)

pargana from Amarhar Uunroha?) (B.M. B e v . i i / 685. )

pargana in K i a n - i Doab (B.N. B e v . i i / 5 3 9 )

from Jaunpur(B,M, Per3 ian /417a)

gargona Biawah(Bianwan?) (B.M, Bev, i i / 5 4 0 )

from oarv;ar(B,M. P e r s i a n /517a)

TOT vL 10 52 50

I f we inc lude t h e va lue of t h e p r i n c i p a ­

l i t i e s held by Alam Khan of Ka lp i and jhah MMhamrriad

Farmul i , son of Maruf r ' a rmul i , i n the t o t a l of t a b l e

n o . l above, t h e amount of t h e w^ijj} a l i e n a t e d b '- Babur

in favour of Hindus tan i nobles would s w e l l s u b s t a n t i a l l y ,

Alara Khan, was in possess ion of Kalpi a t t h e t ime of

Babur 's occupa t ion of ^.gra . A f t e r h i s submiss ion t o 2

t h e Kughals he was allowed t o con t inue in Kalp i .

1 . Baburnama, Eng, t r , Bev. v o l . i i , p . 523 .

2, M i r a t - i 6jLkand;iri, P e r s i a n t e x t , p . 289.

- 6 1 -

K a l p i i a m e n t i o n e d as a s a r k a r i n t h e r e v e n u e l i a t o f

^ ^ BalJU-giaina/ a n d i t s j_ama/ i n c l u s i v e t h a t o f o e h o n d a

(cieon<"iha} , i s m e n t i o n e d a s 4 c r o i ' a 28 l a c s 55 t h o u s a n d

and 9b0 t a n k a s . As we do n o t come c r o s s a s s i g n m e n t

o f any w a j h o u t o f t h « g ^ a r k a r o f K a l p i t o a n y o t h e r

n o b l e we may a s s u m e t h a t t h e w h o l e o f t h e r e v e n u e s o f

K a l p i w e r e r e s t o r e d by B a b u r t o ^U.am K h a n , L i k e w i s e ,

we know t h a t t h e r e v e n u e s o f . j a r a n a n d I w n d l a w e r e

2

b e s t o w e d by B a b u r u p o n o h a h Muhammad P a r m u l i , o a r a n

was Gonfe rx -ed u p o n ^ h a h Fjuhammad F a r m u l i a s h i s w a j h .

o a r a n i s a l s o m e n t i o n e d i n t h e B a b u m a m a / a s a s a r k a r 4

wi-ch 1 c r o r e 10 l a c s 18 t h o u s a n d 373 t a n k a s a s i t s j a m a . K a n d l a was c o n f eri~ed u p o n o h a h liuhamiaad f o r t h e

5

m a i n t e n a n c e o f _ta j rkashbaxidan ( q u i v e r - v / e a r e r s ) . K a n d l a

i s a l s o m e n t i o n e d a s s a r k a r i n t h e B a b u m a m a w i r h 43 l a c s

30 t h o u s a n d a n d 300 t a n k a s a s i t s j a m a . I f we t o t a l

t h e a m o u n t a l i e n a t e d by B a b u r i n f a v o u r o f Alara Khan

o f K a l p i a n d o h a h iluhc^ninad F a r m u l i i t w o u l d conie t o

5 c r o r e 82 l a c s 4 t h o u s a n d 623 t a n k a s a s s h o w n i n t h e

1 . B a b u m a m a , 2I"KJ. t r . B e v . v o l , i i , p , 5 2 1

2 , IpjL^., p . 6 7 9 .

3» I b i d . , B . M. O r . 3 7 1 4 , f, 5 1 4 a

4 , I b i d . , i j ng . t r . B e v , v o l . i i , p . 5 2 1 ,

5« I b i d . , B . H. O r . 3 7 1 4 , f. 514ao

6 . I b i d . , E n y , t r . B e v . v o l . i i , p . 5 2 1 .

- 6 2 -

t a b l e below:

Table No. 2 ; - Hindus tan i nobles in v/hose c a s e s t h e va lue of the asaignraents i:s not mentioned, but i s o the rwise known.

1 . 2 . 3 .

Name of the Noble

Value of t h e pargana / t e r r i t o r y he ld in t a n k a s .

Name of t h e pargan; o r t e r r i t o r - / c o n f e r r e d / h e l d .

1, Alam khan of Kalpi

Cr. Lac. Th. Hund, 4 28 55 950 Kalp i

2 . 6hah Muhainm 1 10 18 373 - ad Farniuli

43 30 300

o a r a n

Kandla

Tota l of s e r i a l Nos . l 6c 2

82 04 623

On adding t h e to 'cals of t a b l e numbers 1 and 2 above

we g e t t h e f i g u r e 16 c r o r e 34 l acs 54 thousand 623 t a n k a s ,

Considering t h a t t h e t o t a l jama of t h e t e r r i t o r i e s in

Hindustan which came in p o s s e s s i o n of Babur was 52 cirore/

as s t a t e d in t h e Babumama/ t h e amount of 16 c r o r e

34 l ac s 54 thousand 623 tankas which v/as a l i e n a t e d

in favour of t h e Hindus tan i s c o n s t i t u t e d about one

t h i r d of t h e t o t a l revenues of Babur 's empire in

Hindus tan ,

/

- 5 3 -

That the actual revenues Babur a l iena ted in

favour of Hindiistanis, however, amounted to more than

one th i rd of the t o t a l j[ aina of Hindustan would be c l e a r

from the study of following t a b l e s . In t ab l e number 3

below we have mentioned the names of those Hindustani

nobles in whose cases Babur does not s p e c i f i c a l l y mention

the amount of the wajh fixed for them individualy but

says t ha t they were given parcjanas.

Table No.3 : - Hindustani nobles in whose cases the value of the assignments is not mentioned but who were granted parganas the value of which is not known.

1 . 2 . 3 .

Name of the Noble

Value of the assignment in tank as

Name of the pargana(s; assigned

1, Alauddin Alam IChan Lodi

Not mentioned

2. Alaul Khan Nohani

-do-

3. Badruddin's son

-do-

4. Dilawar Khan Lodi

-do-

5. Firoa Khan Mewati

-do-

6. Malik Dad Karrani

-do-

7. In i l l i jurduk -do -

Dipalpur (T .F .Pe r s i an /202)

frcxn oarivar ( B . N , Persian/514a)

Kachwah ' ( B . N . Bev.ii/590)

oul tanpur ( T.!?. Eng. t r . i i /24)

pargana(s)not named (B.N. Bev.i i /478 )

pargana(s)not named ( B.N. Bev.i i /478 )

pargana (s; not named ( B . N . Bev.ii/478.)

c o n t d , , .

- 6 4 -

1. _2._

s e v e r a l l a c s

;3everal l a c s

Wot mentioned

3 .

8 . Muhamrriad Z a i t u n

9 . Nahar Khan Hev/atl

10, ciher Khan dur

pargana not named (B.M. B e v . i i / 5 4 0 )

pargana not naxned (B.iNi. B e v . i i / 5 7 8 )

p a r g a n ^ J not named ( B . N . B e v . i i / 6 5 2 )

In t h r e e of t h e above t en c a s e s ( s e r i a l numbers 1, 3-4)

Babur names t h e parganas t h e va lue of which Is not known

t o uii. In o t h e r two cases ( s e r i a l numbers 8-9) he r e f e r s

t o t h e g r a n t of a pargana each of t h e v a l u e of s e v e r a l

l acs t o Muhammad Zai tun and Nahar Khan Mewati, I n four

cases ( s e r i a l numbers 5-7 and 10) he says t h a t t h e

parganas (more than one) were g r a n t e d , I h e va lue of none

of the parganas g ran ted t o t h e nobles mentioned in t h e

above t a b l e i s known, A rough e s t i m a t e of t h e va lue

of the parganas ass igned t o t h e s e t en noble can however

be formed by looking a t t a b l e numbers 1 and 2 , From a

p e r u s a l of t a b l e numbers 1 and 2 i t may be noted t h a t

t he minimum amount of l i ie wajh s anc t i oned by Babur t o

a Hindus tan i noble was 15 l a c s . Therefore / i f we assume

t h a t each of t h e s e 10 nobles was ass igned a pargana of

t h e Value of a t l e a s t 15 l a c s we can say t h a t a minimum

of (15 l ac s X 10) 1 c r o r e 50 l acs must have been ass igned

t o t h e s e n o b l e s . Consider ing t h a t four of them ( s e r i a l

numbers S'-VtjO) were ass igned more than one pargana

- 6 5 -

we can assume t h a t they must have been a s s igned a t l e a s t

two parganas/. Therefore , we may add 60 l a c s more as

the jama of a d d i t i o n a l four p a r g a n a s . This would b r ing

our t e n t a t i v e f i gu re of t h e revenue a s s igned t o t h o s e

10 nobles t o (150 l ac s + 60 lacs ) 2 c r o r e 10 l a c s .

This amount added t o t h e f i g u r e of 16 c r o r e 3 4 l acs

54 thousand and 630 t a n k a s , t he t o t a l of t a b l e numbers

1 and 2;would swe l l t h e amount of t he revenues a l i e n a t e d

in favour of t h e Hindus tan i nobles t o 18 c r o r e 44 l ac s

54 thousand and 630 t a n k a s . We have» however, not inc luded

in t h e above t o t a l t h e va lue of t h e p r i n c i p a l i t i e s he ld

by t h e nobles l i s t e d in t h e following t a b l e and who

owed a l l e g i a n c e t o Daburo

Table Ko»4:- Hindus tan i nobles in whose ca se s t h e r e i s no r e f e r e n c e to t h e bes towal of assignments by riabur bu t who v;ere in Babur 's s e r v i c e and he ld p a r g a n a s .

1 . 2o 3 .

Name or the Noble

Value of the ass ignment in tankas

Name of t h e pargana h e l d .

lo Alam Khan Tahanagri

Not known Tahanagar

2 . i iu l tan J a l a l u -ddin J h a r a q i

- d o - Banares(?)

3 , Mahmud Khan, t he shicrdar

- d o - ,i i kandarpur

4 , Taj Khan oarang Khani

- d o - Chunar

-66-

Alarii Khan of the above t a b l e , ( s e r i a l no, 1) was the

brother of Nizarn Khan of Biana and held Tahanagar ,

He had submitted to Babur and had rendered militajry 2

service to him . There is no evidence of Babur

depriving him of Tahanagar. The other th ree persons

also owed a l leg iance to Babur, rendered him multiple

services on various occasions and continued t o hold

the p r i n c i p a l i t i e s mentioned against t h e i r names during 3

Babur's ru le • The value of t h e i r p r i n c i p a l i t i e s is not known to u s , Assvuaing t h a t each one of them held

a parqana of the value of 15 lacs—which i s a very

conservative estimate in view of the fac t t h a t j u l t a n

Jalaluddin dharqi and Taj Khan 3arang Khani were person

of high stature—we can say with c e r t a i n t y t h a t they

must have held the parganas of the t o t a l value of

a t l e a s t 60 l a c s . This amount added t o the figure

derived as a r e s u l t of the t o t a l of the t ab l e numbers

1 to 3 would furtlier enhance the value of the

p r i n c i p a l i t i e s held by the Hindustanis in Babur's time

to 19 crorc / 4 lacs 54 thousand and 630 t^ankaso

I t may be pointed out t h a t out of the 52

crore tankas , mentioned by Babur as the value of his

•'•• Baburnama/ Eng, t r , vo l , i i , p , 538,

2= Ib id ,

3o bee t h e i r biographies. Appendix 1, s ec t ion d ) , s e r i a l nos, 2-4,

-67-

possesijions in Hind'Ootan/ e igh t or nine crores canxe from

the p r i n c i p a l i t i e s of r a i s and raj as • If we omit the

value of the p r i n c i p a l i t i e s of the r a i s and ra j as on

the asaun^tion tha t t h e i r p r i n c i p a l i t i e s were not

assigned to any noble but were e i t h e r res tored to the

ra i s and the raj as or remained in t h e i r possession the

a l ienable ] am a of Baburs possess ion/ in Hindustan would

be reduced to 43 to 44 crores tarJcas, Out of t h i s

43-44 crore tank a s , more than 19 crore was a l ienated by

Babur as wajh in favour of the Hindustani nobles, as

argued aboveo I t means t h a t the Hindustanis were assigned

a l i t t l e less than half of the revenues of his empire

in Hindustano Our f igure of 19 crore 4 lacs 54 thousand

630 tankas does not include the Vcilue of the assignments

which might have been made to the Hindustani nobles

mentioned in the tab le below.

Table No,5:- Hindustani nobles whose assignments are not mentioned but who are found in Babur's servicee

Name of the Noble

References for t h e i r service to Babur

1. Araish Klian

2. Hiram Deo Malinheis

3 . Jhaikh Ghuran

4. Hamid

5. Jalal Khan, s/o Alauddin Alam Khan

Jee biographical notes/ Appendix

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

contd,.,

^* BaburnaJ^ia, Eng, t r . BeVo v o l . i i , pp.520-21; B. M. Or.

- 6 8 -

Nanie of the Noble

References fo r t h e i r s e r v i c e s to Babur

6. ohaikh Jamal Farmuli

7 , Kanial Khan s / o Alauddin Alani Khan

8• Makan

9o Mulla Muhcuiimad Mazhab

ID. Qasim Sanibhali

11. Rao i»arv;ani

6ee b i o g r a p h i c a l n o t e s . Appendix

- d o -

- d o -

- d o -

- d o -

- d o -

The per jons l i s t e d in t h e above t a b l e no, 5 a r e no t i ced

in Babui-'s s e r v i c e / m i l i t a r y or o t h e r w i s e . At l e a s t two

of thern^namely Araish Khan and ^jhaikh Ghuran^were

t r u s t e d nobles of Babur and rendered him v a l u a b l e

s e r v i c e s . V,'e do not come ac ross any r e f e r e n c e to t h e

assignrr.ent of any wajh t o them in t h e s u r v i v i n g account

of t h e Baburriama. But wajh must have been f ixed for

them/ as we l l a s , for o t h e r s mentioned in t h e above

t ao leo V e have/ however/ not c a l c u l a t e d o r computed

t h e value of t h e wa.1 h which might have been f ixed fo r

t l iese nobles o

I t may a l s o be mentioned t h a t wi th t h e

excep t ion of ohaikh Bayzid and Fath Khan oarwani

( s e r i a l nos . 2-3 of t a b l e n o . l ) none of t h e a s s ignees

I . For their services to Babur see t he i r biographies, Appendix I , section e ) , r.erial numbers I clc J.

- 6 9 -

m e n t i o n e d i n t a b l e numbers 1-4 wavered i n h i s a l l e g i a n c e

t o Babur . i>haikh Bayaz id o p e n l y r e v o l t e d i n Awadh

i n 1526 whereupon Awadh was p l a c e d u n d e r t h e chajrge

of h u g h a l o f f i c e r s , w h i l e F a t h Khan o a r w a n i v/as a l s o

r e p o r t e d t o h a v e j o i n e d c i u l t a n hahmud Lodi a g a i n s t Babur

2

i n 1529 . I n t h e c a s e of i ' a t h Khan ^ a r w a n i we do n o t

n o t i c e Babur a s s i g n i n g h i s p r i n c i p a l i t i e s t o any o t h e r

n o b l e . Even i f v/e e x c l u d e t h e v a l u e of t h e p r i n c i p a l i t i e s

a s s i g n e d t o ohai]<±i Bayzid and Fa th Khan ^iar^/ani from

o u r f i g u r e of 19 c r o r e , 4 l a c s , 54 t h o u s a n d and 630 t a n k a s ,

tirie cimount a l i e n a t e d i n f a v o u r of Hindxos tani n o b l e s was

n o n e t h e l e s s s u b s t a n t i a l and o u r f i g u r e of 19 c r o r e , 4 l a c s

54 t h o u s a n d and 630 t a n k a s would n o t be much e f f e c t e d

i f we t a k e i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n t h e wajh which must have

been f i x e d f o r t h e n o b l e s m e n t i o n e d i n t h e t a b l e n o , 5

a b o v e . The re was , however , one c h a n g e i n t h e a s s i g n m e n t

shown in t a b l e M o . l . ; i . e . D i p a l p u r , which was bes towed

upon j u l t a n K l a u d d i n Alam Khan Lodi i n 1524 , was l a t e r 3

on a s s i g n e d t o Baqi i ihaghawal • What v;e wan t t o s u b m i t i s t h a t n e a r l y one h a l f of t h e r e v e n u e s of H i n d u s t a n ^

1 , Baburnama, Eng. t r . Bev, v o l . i i , p . 589o A f t e r d e f e a t i n g j h a i k h Bayz id Babur a p p o i n t e d Baqi Beg; i n awadh . o e e BaburncJiia, i£ng, t r . Bev. v o l . i i , p p . 6 7 9 Sc 6 8 4 .

2o I b i d . , p . 6 5 2 .

3o I b i d , , po 4 6 3 .

- 7 0 -

and i n no c a s e l e s s t h a n one t h i r d ^ w e r e a s s i g n e d by

Babur t o H i n d u s t a n i n o b l e s and t h a t most of them,

b a r r i n g one o r two as m e n t i o n e d a b o v e , r e m a i n e d l o y a l

t h r o u g h o u t h i s r u l e i n H i n d u s t a n .

I I

We now p a s s on t o a c l a n - w i s e d i s c u s s i o n

of B a b u r ' s H i n d u s t a n i a s s i g n e e s o V.'e n o t i c e t h a t t t e

L o d i s , t h e Nohanis and t h e Fa rmul i s^ a r e p a r t i c u l a r l y

c o n s p i c u o u s i n B a b u r ' s s e r \ ' ' i G e . They v/ere h i g h l y

f a v o u r e d i n t e r m s of t h e a s s i g n i n e n t of p r i n c i p a l i t i e s

and e n j o y e d a s u b s t a n t i a l p r o p o r t i o n of t h e t o t a l J ama

of B a b u r ' s e m p i r e i n H i n d u s t a n , Next t o them t h e

^ar%vanis/ t h e J i l w a n i s and t h e o t h e r H i n d u s t a n i n o b l e s

seem t o h a v e o c c u p i e d an i m p o r t a n t p o s i t i o n u n d e r Babur ,

Among t h e o t h e r H i n d u s t a n i s t h e m e n t i o n may be made of

t h e o h a i k h ; ; a d a s , ' .

LODI^

iunong t h e Jx)di n o b l e s o n l y f o u r f a m i l i e s a r e

n o t i c e a b l e i n B a b u r ' s s e r v i c e , F i r s t * a m e n t i o n may

be made of o u l t a n iU-auddin Alam Khan Ijodi and of D i l w a r

Khan s / o D a u l a t Khan ix^di . These two were t h e f i r s t of

B a b u r ' s Afghan a s s i g n e e s a s t h e y were accommodated by

Babur w i t h i n h i s n o b i l i t y t h r o u g h t h e a s s i g n m e n t of

1 . The Parmiilis have been ident i f ied as Shaikhzadas by Iq t idar Husain Siddiqi , see "Composition of the nobi l i ty under the Lodi Sultans", Kedieval Indiai»A Mscel laay . vol. i v , p . I 5 alsQl^2

- 7 1 -

p r i i i c i pa l i t i e s p r i o r to the b a t t l e of Panipat . Dilawar

IChan was granted the pargana of Julranpur during Babur's

expedition to Hindustan in the year 1524 and -wa^

favoured with the t i t l e of P-Chan-i Khana o He seems

to have continued to r e t a in the pargana of Sultanpur 2

in his possediiion everaince i t s assigrunent to him „

.•^iultan Alauddin Aleira Klian was a lso assigned a p r i n c i p a l i t y

in the same year, as he was given the charge of Dipalpur 3

alongwith Muyhcil o f f icer . But in the following year

Dipalpur was bestowed uijon a Mughal o f f i ce r before tlie

b a t t l e of Panipat . Hereafter we do not know as to which

place was assigned to ALam iChan, bultan Alauddin Alam

ich m however seirved Babur with his tv/o sons J a l a l Khan 4

and Kanial x<Jian in the b a t t l e of i.<anwah • cjometime a f t e r the b a t t l e of Kanv/aJi ^u l t en Alauddin Alarn Khan f e l l

from Babur's favour, was imprisoned and s en t to 5

Badakhshan . Thus i\lan\ Khan's ca reer in Babur's service was shor t l i ved .

Alam Khan son of J a l a l Khan J igha t of Kalpi

was a lso a highly favoured noble of Babur and remained

1, dee Tar ikh- i Fir ishta^ sxigo t r . v o l . i i , pp. 24-25.

2, In 1529 v;hen Babur appointed Chin Tiiiiur j u l t a n agains t the Baloches , he ordered Dilawar Khan alongwith other amirs between Jaraana and oirhind to jo in Chin Tiaiur ou l t an , Jee Baburnc-jiriB/ B. i-j. 3714, f. 496a-b. His name is missing in Mrs. Beveridge's English t r a n s l a t i o n .

3» Tariki\-i F i r i sh to , Pers ian tej<t, p . 202.

4o BabumaJna, Lng. t r . Bev. v o l . i i , p . 565; B. M, Or.3714,

^« Akbarnama, Persian t e x t , pp. 128-129.

- 7 2 -

unwavered in his loya l i ty to Babur t i l l l a t t e r ' s death.

Alam i<hcin was in occupation of Kalpi a t the time of

Babur'ii occupation of ^^gra. He sul->mitted t o Humayun

sometiiiie in December 15 26 . He was allowed by Bdbur

to continue to hold Kalpi which had the jema of 4 c rore 2

28 lacs 55 thousand 950 tankas . This is the highest

figure any Afghan noble was allowed t o enjoy under

Babur,

The other family of the Lodis which enjoyed

a t rus ted pos i t ion under Babur was the :iarang Kliani

fairiily. We not ice three per^^ons belonging to th is

family in Babur's s e r v i c e . Firoz Khan iiarang Khani

was the f i r s t to submit to Babur a f t e r h is occupation

of Agra* He v/as conferred an assignraent of 1 crore

46 lacs 5 thousand tanlcas from Jaunpur soon a f te r he 3

joined Babur's service , His uncles Tatar Khan oarang Khani and Taj Kh -ai oarang Khani were a lso in Babur's

4 se rv ice • Tatar Khan Jarang Khani a f t e r h is submission

to Babur was admitted into h i s nob i l i ty and his wajh wa

^» Babumarna/ Eng, t r . Bev« vol , i i / Po 523; B. M. Qr. 3714, f. 414a.

2, Ib id . / Eng. t r . Bev. v o l . i i , p . 521; see also 2-;irat-i o ikandar i , Persian t e x t , p . 289.

3 , Ib_id., Eng. t r . BeVo v o l , i i , p , 527,

4, oee t h e i r biographies, ;^pendix I , sec t ion a ) , s e r i a l numbers 11 and sec t ion d) , s e r i a l no.4, r e spec t ive ly .

- 7 3 -

Istiq-amat was f ixed a t 20 l a c s and a pa rgana of

e(guivalent va lue was a s s igned t o hirn . His b r o t h e r

Taj Klian 3arang Khani W£is al lowed t o r e t a i n Ghunar

which he a l r e a d y possessed a t t he t ime of Babur ' s 2

occupation of Agra . For the assighments held by the

Lodis see the following table.

Table No.6:- Lodi Nobles who were holding assignments under Babur,

1. 3.

Name of the Noble

Values of the Name of th e pargana pargana/terri- or terx'itory conferred/ tory in tankas held.

1, Alam Khan of Kalpi

2, dultan Alauddin Alam Khan Lodi

3 , Dilawar Khan

4 , P i roz Khan oarang Khani

5 , Taj Khan iiarang Khani

6, T a t a r Khan Sarang Khani

Gr.Lac.Th,Hund.

28 55 950

1 46 05 -

- 20 -

K a l p i

D i p a l p u r

S u l t a n p u r

J a u n p u r

Ghunar

Bianwan

TOTAL 5 94 60 950

1 , Babumama/ B, M. Or . 3 7 1 4 , f .428a7 T u r k i s h t e x t , f. 3 0 4 b .

2 . I b i d . , Encj. t r . v o l . i i , p , 6 5 7 .

- 7 4 -

The next important c lan which enjoyed a

pr iv i leged pos i t ion under Babur was the Nohani clan .

Pour Nohani chiefs were given revenue asaignraants by

Babur. The f i r s t Nohani chief to receive an assignment

from Babur was Mahmud Khan Nohani. After h is submisst on

to Babur in 1526 he was conferred an assignment of 2

90 lacs and 3 5 thousand tankas from Ghazipur . Later

on/ a f t e r the subjugation of Bihar in 1529, he was

given an addi t iona l assignment of 50 lacs from Bihar ,

But the highest paid Nohani Afghan chief under Babur

was J a l a l Khan Nohani son of Ju l tan Muhammad Nohani

of Bihar, He was conferred an assignmait of 2 crore

55 lacs and 60,000 tankas from Bihar a t the time of 4

the se t t lement of Bihar in the middle of 1529 . The other Nohani chiefs who were granted assignments by

1, 6ee Tej Rani, "Babur's Relations with the Nohani and Faniuili Afghans", A study of his Nobi l i ty (1526-30) , Proceeding of the Indian History Congress, x l i sess ion Bombay, 1980.

2* Baburnama, £ng, t r . Bev. v o l . i i , p.527; B, i:. Or. 3714, f. 417a,

3 . I b i d . , Eng. t r . Bev. v o l . i i , p . 676; B. M. Or. 3714, f. 513b.

4, Ib id . Total revenue of Bihar as shown by Babur ( B.N. Bev.ii/521) was 4 crore 5 lacs and 60 thoxisand tankas. Babur reserved one crore fo r khal i sa and gave 50 lacs to Mahmud Khan Nohani, Babur says tha t the r e s t of the revenues were assigned by him to oa la l Khun Noh.ini, Therefore^ a f t e r deducting the a'oove amount from the t o t a l jama of Bihar v/e ge t the figure 2 crore 55 lacs and 60 thousand tankas,

- 7 S -

Babur were A l a u l Khan Wohani and Yahya N o h a n i , Both

of them were c o n f e r r e d r e v e n u e a s s i g n m e n t s i n o a r v / a r .

I n t h e c a s e of / ^ l au l Khan Nohani Babur does n o t m e n t i o n

t h e amount o f h i s wajh» b u t i n t h e c a s e o f Yahya Nohani

he t e l l s us t h a t he f i x e d 15 l a c s as h i s wajj} from

S a r w a r . The t o t a l of t h e r e v e n u e a s s i g n m e n t s c o n f e r r e d

by Eobur upon t h e Nohanis ( e x c l u d i n g t h e v a l u e of t h e

a s s i g n m e n t of A l a u l Khan Nohani v;hich i s . n o t known)

amounted t o 4 c r o r e 10 l a c s and 95 t h o u s a n d t a n k a s /

a s c a n be v e r i f i e d from t h e folJ .owing t a b l e .

T a b l e N o , 7 : - Nohani Nobles h o l d i n g a s s i g n m e n t s u n d e r Babur ,

1 . 2 . 3 ,

Name of t h e Value of t h e Name of t h e p a r g a n a Noble p a x r g a n a / t e r r i ~ / t e r r i t o r y c o n f e r r e d

t o r y h e l d i n / h e l d , tanKBS

Gr. L a c . Th,

s> arv;ar

B i h a r

G h a z i p u r

B i h a r

oa rv /a r

TOTAL 4 10 55

1 . Baburnama, ' l \ i r k l i h t e x t , f, 379a ; B. M. Or . 3714, f, ' 5 1 7 a .

1 . A l a u l Khan Nohani

•" ^

2 , J a l a l Khan Nohani

2 55 60

3„ Mahmud Khan Nohani

- 90 35

- 50 -

4 , Yeihya Nohani ^ 15 p ^

- 7 6 -

I t may be noted t h a t va lue of t h e assignn>ents

made t o Nohanis i s l i t t l e lest; than t h e va lue of the

assignment which t h e s i n g l e Lodi ch i e f , Alam Khan of

Kalpi / was al lowed to r e t a i n .

The farmul is were a l s o h igh ly favoured by Babur.

As soon as bhaiKh Bayzid F a m m l i coming from Awadh waited

upon Babur a t Agra in 1526 he was confer i 'ed an assignment

of 1 c r o r e 48 l ac s and 50 thousand tankas from Awadh

which hJ^ a n c e s t o r s had he ld from t h e t ime of o u l t a n

S ikandar Lodi , sha ikh Bayzid Farmuli rendered mi l i t a ry '

s e r v i c e t o Babur and remained l o y a l fo r over an y e a r .

He however r e b e l l e d towards t h e end of 1527 and was

dr iven out of Awadh about t h e middle of 1528. Thereupon

Awadh was p l aced under t h e cha rge of a Mughal o f f i c e r .

The Farmuli c h i e f s most favoured by Babur were ^hah

Muhammad Farmuli and Nusa Famiu l i , t h e sons of Maruf

Farmul i , While Husa Farmuli v/as g iven an assignment 2

of 30 l acs from the pargana ^Jnarhar (Amroha) , ohah

I-Iuhammad Farmuli was c o n f e r r e d whole of t h e revenues

1, Baburnania, Eny. t r . Bev. v o l , i i , po 527,

2 . I b i d . , l u r k i s h t e x t , f. 380a; B. II. Or. 3714, f . 518b .

- 7 7 -

of ^aran and Kandla . The jama of Saran was.1 c r o r e

10 lacij IB thousand 373 tankas while t h a t of Kandla was 2

43 l ac s 30 thousand and 300 tankas . Thu^;, adding the

t o t a l s of t h e j ama of J a r a n and Kandla we can say t h a t

ohah r-Iuhamiuad was con fe r r ed assignments of t h e value

of 1 c r o r e 53 l a c s 48 thousand 673 tankas» The o t h e r

two Fajrmuli nobles who j o i n e d Babui-'s s e r v i c e were A l i Khan Pamiul i and CTaxnal Ktian Farmul i , A l l Khcin Farmuli according t o t h e Baburnama was con fe r r ed an assignment

3 of 25 l acs from "v a l id pa rganas" (a in jay) • There is /

however, no r e f e r e n c e t o t h e ass ignment of any wajh o r

p r i n c i p a l i t y t o J a l a l Khan Farmul i , The folJowing t a b l e

gives an idea of t h e ass ignments made t o t h e Farmuliso

Table No .8 : -Farmul i Nobles ho ld ing ass ignments under Babur,

1 . 2 . 3 .

Name of the Noble

Value of the p a r g a n a / t e r r i -t o r y he ld in tankois

Name of tiie parcfana / t e r r i t o r y con fe r r ed

/ h e l d .

C r . L a c , T h , H u n d ,

1 . A l i Khan - 25 - - N o t m e n t i o n e d

2 . s h a i k h B a y z i d 1 48 50 - Awadh

3 . Musa F a r m u l i - 30 - - Amroha

4 . d h a h Muhamniad 1 10 18 373 J a r a n

43 30 300 K a n d l a

TOTAL 3 56 98 673

1. Baburnonia, I t i rk i sh t e x t , f .377a , .B. M. Or, 3714, f . 514a ,

2. I j^ id . , Kng. t r . Bev. v o l . i i , p . 521.

3 . I b i d . , B. K, Or. 3714, f. 416b. CJ (^ (y^

- 7 8 -

We may/ however / d e d u c t t h e amount c o n f e r r e d upon

dha ik l i Bayz id F a r m u l i , as he had r e b e l l e d a g a i n s t Babur

and v;as d e p r i v e d of h i s a s y I g n r a e n t . Even i f we omi t

t h e v a l u e o f t h e ayjiigninent made t o s h a i k h Bayzid t h e

t o t a l v a l u e of t h e aso igriinents c o n f e r r e d upon t h e

Fart i iul is would reroain 2 c r o r e 8 l a c a 48 t h o u s a n d 673

t a n k a 3 / which v/as a s u b s t a n t i a l araount,

oAIlv^AWlo AliD JIL'WAMU

The o t h e r h i g h l y p l a c e d a s s i g n e e s of Babur

b e l o n g e d t o t h e ^^arwani and t h e J i l w a n i c l a n s , VJe come

a c r o s s two Jar%-;ani n o b l e s who s u b m i t t e d t o Babur ,

namely P a t h IChan o a r w a n i and Rao ijarv-/ani. The fornier

was g i v e n an a s s i g n m e n t of 1 c r o r e 60 l a c s j w h i l e t h e r e

i s no r e f e r e n c e t o any a s s i g n m e n t h a v i n g been made

t o Rao ja rvvanio I n t e rms of v a l u e , t h e a s s i g n m e n t made

t o Fatli Khan Oarwani r a n k e d t h i r d h i g h e s t coming a f t e r

Alam i<han L o d i of K a l p i and j h a h Muhammad F a r m u l i ,

Among t h e J i l w a n i s we f i n d o n l y one p e r s o n , namely

I s m a i l J i l w a n i , i n Babur*s s e r v i c e . He was a s s i g n e d

a wajJT. of 7 2 l a c s from _,arivar ' ' ,

K/iiiirlAllI:;, «.liD d'UHs

Among the Karranis and the ^urs v;e notice

only Malik Dad Karrani and ;jher IChan jur being assigned

-'•« SS^^ilESOlS' ivJ» tr, Bev, vol; ii, p, 537,

2o Ibid,, B. ri., Or. 3714, f. 514a,

- 7 9 -

p a r g a n a s by Babur ,

NON AFGmvN HINDUOTAIJI NOBLSJ

Among t h e non Afghan H i n d u s t a n i n o b l e s who wer«

conferx 'ed a s s i g n m e n t s by Babur v/ere the Khanzadas of

Mewat/ namely Nahar l<han Mev/ati s o n of Kasan Ivhan Mewat i ,

F i r o s Khan Mev/ati/ Nizam Khan o f a i a n a , Qazi Zxa.,

Muhammad Z a i t u n , M i l l i c^urduk and J a l a l u d d i n o h a r q i .

Nahar Khan was g r a n t e d p a r g a n a s wor th s e v e r a l l a c s i n

1 2 wajh . F i r o z Khan Mewati was a l s o g r a n t e d a pargan_g. , Both Nizam Ivhan of B iana and Qazi Z i a v;ere c o n f e r r e d

a s s i g n m e n t s of t h e v a l u e o f 20 l a c s e a c h , t h e fo rmer 3

from M i a n - i Doab and l a t t e r from J a u n p u r . Huhamiaad 4

Z a i t u n was g i v e n a p a r g a n a of t h e v a l u e o f s e v e r a l l a c s

^ 5

w h i l e M i l l i c»urduk wcja a l s o g i v e n / p a r g a n a , t h e v a l u e

of which i s n o t m e n t i o n e d . Among t h e non Afghan

H i n d u s t a n i n o b l e s a u l t a n J a l a l u d d i n i i h a r q i seems t o

h a v e e n j o y e d an i m p o r t a n t p o s i t i o n . We do n o t come

a c r o s s any r e f e r e n c e t o J a l a l u d d i n : ; jharqi b e i n g c o n f e r r e d

1 . 23aburnama, B.M. Or, 3 7 1 4 , f, 457a„

2 , I b i d . , B. M. Or . 3714, f . 3 7 0 b .

3o Ibid., B, M. Or. 3714, ff.427a & 517a

4o Ibid,, B. M. Or. 3714, f.428a.

5. Ibid., a. M. or. 3714, f. 370b.

- 8 0 -

an as;3 ignniant but IIG seerriii to heive possessed- Benares

fo r t , which muot have been confirinad in his

possession by Babur.

'L\jo Other Hindustani nobles are conspicuous

by the services they rendered to Babur. They are Araidh 2 Khan and JhaiMi Ghuran » We do not corae across any

reference to t h e i r being assigned any wajh or p r inc ipa l i ­

t i e s by Babur.

Among other Hindustanis/ a number of ra iS/ raj as

and zamindars who submitted to Babui~ were a lso absorbed

by hiin into h is n o b i l i t y . The pos i t ion of the raj as

and zamindars in medieval Indiar: po l i t y needs hardly be

emphasised here/ as a number of scholars have already 3

t rea ted the subject a t length . Babur a lso rea l i sed

the importance of th i s c l a s s / conferred favours upon

those zamindars who submitted to hiin, recognised them

as the leg i t imate ru lers of t h e i r respec t ive t e r r i t o r i e s

and u t i l i s e d t h e i r mi l i t a ry s e rv i ce s . In t h i s respect

1, Baburnama/ Eng. t r . vo l , i i / p . 652.

2, oee^ t h e i r biographies/ ^^pendix I , s ec t ion e) / s e r i a l numbers 1 & 3/ r e spec t ive ly .

3 , dee, Nurul Hasan "The Posi t ion of the Zamindars in the Mughal Empire"/ The Indian Economic and j o c i a l History_ Review^ vo l . i , no. 4 (/^i^ril-Oune) Delhi, 1964; also A, R. Khan, Cliieftains in the Mughal Bnpire During the Reign of Akbar, _.irala, 1977,

- 8 1 .

Bobui- t r e a t e d t h e zaminda r s i n t h e same manner-ai> t h e

hfghaxi c h i e f s o r t h e i c f t ada r s o f t h e Lod i p e r i o d . The

zaminda r s who s u b m i t t e d t o Babur a r e l i s t e d i n t h e f o l l o w i n g

t a b l e .

T a b l e N o . 9 i - V a s a a l Zamindars

Name of t h e Zan^indar T e r r i t o r i ' / T r i b e

1 . Adam Khan Gakkhar

2 . B i r ciingh Deo

3 . H a t i Khan Gakkhar

4o Mal ik H a s t J a n j u h a

5o Raja of K a h l u r

6o o a n g u r Khan J a n j u h a

a Gakkhar c h i e f

Baghel Ra j a of B h a t t a h

a Gakkhar c h i e f

a J a n j u h a c h i e f of K o h - i Jad

Chandel Ra ja of K a h l u r

a J a n j u h a c h i e f of K o h - i Jud

The J a n j u h a za ra indars of t h e s a l t r a n g e were t h e

f i r s t t o h a v e come i n t o c o n t a c t w i t h Babu r , Babur g i v e s

a g r a p h i c a c c o u n t o f t h e t e r r i t o r y r u l e d by t h e J a n j u h a s »

Mal ik H a s t J a n j u h a , who was " t h e r u l e r of t h e p e o p l e and

h o r d e n e a r t h e ouhan v ; a t e r " was t h e f i r s t of t h e J a n j u h a 2

c h i e f s v;ho s u b m i t t e d t o Babu r . I n t h e y e a r 1519 when

Babur on h i s way t o E'-hira marched t o t h e t e r r i t o r y of t h e

Janjuh<as/ Ma l ik Has t J a n j u h a came and w a i t e d upon Babur v ; i t h

•'-• Baburnaiaa^ Kncj. t r . Bev. v o l . i , p p . 279-380

2 . I b i d . , p . 380

- 8 2 -

1 a horae ( a s p - i kichamdar) as peshkash , Malik Hast Janj^oha

was follov/ed by ano ther Jan juha ch ie f , namely dang^ar Khan, 2

who a l s o wai ted upon Babur b r i n g i n g a h o r s e as peshkash .

Babur says t h a t he t r e a t e d them wi th honour and ordered

h i s men not t o p lunder the t e r r i t o r y of t h e J a n j u h a s .

At the t ime of Babur 's d e p a r t u r e from Bhira when Hindu

Beg W€is e n t r u s t e d with t h e cha rge of Bh i ra , among o t h e r s ,

the above mentioned Janjuhalwere appo in ted by Babur t o 3

r e i n f o r c e Hindu Beg and t h e i r wajh wa a l u f a v/as r a i s e d ,

6angur IQian Jan juha is found in Babur 's s e r v i c e eis l a t e

as 1526 when he died f i g h t i n g fo r Babur i n t h e sk i rmishes 4

prececding t h e b a t t l e of kanwah .

iuaother zaioindar who submit ted t o Baour was t h e

Gakkhar ch i e f , H a t i Khan, Gakkars were a powerful people

and ru l ed t h e t r a c k t o t h e nor th of t h e t e r r i t o r y - of the

Janjxihas. The i r ch i e f , Hati Ishan Gakkar, was forced t o

submit t o Babur by sending a P^eshkaaji t o him in t h e y e a r 5

1519c. The Gakkhars seian t o have remained l o y a l t o Babur,

for we a re t o l d t h a t in t h e y e a r 1526 Adam Khan Gakkhar

accompanied Babur t o Agra and rendered him m i l i t a r y ser^' ' ice

in the b a t t l e of PCanwah a g a i n s t Rana Janga ,

^* Baburnama, Bng. t r . Bev. v o l . i , p . 3 8 0 . 2 . Baburnama, Eng. t r . Bev, v o l . i , p . 583

3 . I b i d . , B. i-i. Or. 3714, f .315h . a.n Mrs. Bever idge ' s English tronsla^clon the word zamindar i s missing and t h e word wa.ih wa a l u f a i s t r a n s l a t e d as "pay and al lowances"«

4 . Baburnama, Eng. t r . Bev, v o l . i i , pp . 547-48,

5 . oee A. R. Khan " P r e s i d e n t i a l / \ddress" Punjab His to ry Conference s e s s i o n , xv, P a t i a l a , 1981; Baburnama, Eng< t r . Bev. v o l . i , p . 3 9 1 ,

>e^ Akb;-n-nr)ni?i . PP» i— i a n +-ov<- T / O I 1 n c f "5 o /I

- 8 3 -

The ra j a of Kahlur (modern Bilaapur in Hlrnachal

Pradesh) wai3 another zarnlndar who submitted to Babur.

In the t h i r d year of his reign (1529-30) when Babur on

his way to Lahore reached iairhind, the ra ja of Kahlur

Ccime and waited upon Babui" and offered th ree maunds of

gold, Babur on his p a r t confirmed the r_aj_a. to his zaBiind^rl'

The Baghel £aj_a, Bir Singh Deo, a l so seems to

h<ive owed his a l legiance t o Babur, I t was Bir Singh Deo

who had through a despatch (arzdasht) reported to Babur 2 about the invasion of Bihei- by su l tan Mahmud Khan Lodi ,

Bir Singh Deo's name is a lso l i s t e d among the revenue

paying r_ajas in the revenue l i s t of the Babumama , though

the amount is not mentioned. Besides, we are to ld t h a t

the ra ja of Bhinbar was a lso confirmed in h is p r i n c i p a l i t y 4

by Babur ,

I I I

The patten"?, of assignments of the p r i n c i p a l i t i e s

to the Hindustani nobles, p a r t i c u l a r l y to the Afghans,

reveals c e r t a i n in t e re s t ing f ea tu res . F i r s t , i t may be

1. Tarikh-i shah_i, Persian t e x t , p . 124o

2 . Baburpjcun^a, Hng, t r . Bev. v o l . i , p . 3 6 9 ,

3 , I]i i^«# P» 5 2 1 ,

4, See J.Hutchison and j.PH.Vogel, Hlstor;£ of the Punjab Hill states, vol. ii, (sinda, reprint, 1982) ,p.725.

- 8 4 -

noted tjiat most of the Hindustanis were assigned

p r i n c i p a l i t i e s in the region to the eas t of Qanauj and

Kalpi/ as evident from mapo To the west of longitude

of Kalpi we not ice ver>' fev; assignments to the Afghans.

Only two of them were made in the region to the north-west

of Delhi . These were the assignments made t o ^u l tan

/ilauddin ^lam Khan Lodi and Dilawar Khan Lodi, who were

assigned Dipalpur and uul tanpur , r e spec t ive ly , in the

year 1524. But as we have mentioned ea i ' l i e r , Dipalpur

was assigned by Babur t o Baqi ohaghawal before the b a t t l e

of Panipat . Therefore, only one Afghan chief namely

Dilawar Khan v;as allowed t o r e t a in his assignment in th i s

region, which he continued t o hold even l a t e r on under

Baburo Thus we notice t ha t to the north-west of Delhi

the only £arc[ana v/hich was allowed to be re ta ined by an

Afghan noble v;as oul tanpur .

In the v i c i n i t y of Delhi and Agra also we do

not not ice the ^fgheuis being made any s u b s t a n t i a l

assignments. Wearest Agra the assignments made to the

Hindustonis were the once conferred upon Nisam Khan and

Tatar Khan oarang Khani, Nizam Khan was given a paixfana

in tiie i i ian- i Doab, while Tatar Khan oarang Khancv/as

conferred Bianwan to the south of Gv/aliar. Anotrier

Hindustani assignee given a pargana to t h e south of

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Bianv/an v/as Badrudclin's son who was aa^^igned Kachv/a,

None of theoe a s s ignees ho ld ing i s o l a t e d parganas amidst

t he f o r t s and t h e p r i n c i p a l i t i e s held by t h e Cen t ra l ^^ i an

nobles could pose a t h r e a t to Babur. The Afghan a s s ignee

given a pargana n e a r e s t Delhi was Musa Farrnuli , provided

we agree wi th Mrs. Bever idge ' s i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of t h e pargana

as /\mroha ignor ing both t h e Turkish t e x t , as wel l as^

P e r s i a n which t a l k of "a pa_x'gana from ^marhar" o

As We look a t map t o the e a s t of Kalp i / the

assignments to t h e Hindus tanis become very conpicuous ,

more so because of the s c a r c i t y of t h e Cen t ra l Asian

as s ignees in t h e e a s t , Arnong the Hindus tan i s t h e Nohanis

and t h e Farmulis a r e p a x ' t i c u l a r l y prominent in t h i s r e g i o n .

The Nohc'.nis were given assignments in Ghazipur/ s_a_rk_ar

^a r ; ; a r and s_arkar Bihar . J a r k a r s of /^wadh^jaran and

Kandla. were con fe r r ed u rion t h e Farniul is , The s a r k a r of

Karra and Manikpur was confe r r ed upon barv-/ani c h i e f

Fath Khan whi le F i r o s Klian j a r a n g Kliani was made an

assignment from Jaunpur , The o t h e r oarang Khani ci i ief ,

neimely Taj Khan o arang Khemi, held Ghaunar, One J i lv ;an i

Afghan v;as a l so ass igned a wajh from oarv/ar . 'We n o t i c e

one Hindus tan i / namely Cazi 2 i a / who was a l s o made an

1, Baburnama, Eng. t r . v o l , i i , p . 665; B. H. Or. 3714^ f.'""518b; Turkish t e x t , f, 380a»

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assignment from Jaunpur. In ohort , the eas te rn sarkars

of Awadh, Karra-Manikpur/ Jaunpur, Jar\-;ar/ Kandla and

Bihar were assignee by Babur mostly to the Afgheins .

Among these sarkars v/e not ice Babur's Central Asian nobles

posted only in Jaunpur and, a f t e r the expulsion of shaikh

Bayzid, a t Awadh. Tlius the complexion of the ruling

c lass in th is region remained predominatly Afghan,

I t may be noted t h a t in the eas te rn region Babur

assigned to the p a r t i c u l a r Afghans mostly the t e r r i t o r i e s

which they had held under the Lodis. For exanple, shaikh

Bayzid was conferred Av/adh which was held by i'arrnulis

under Ibrahim Lodi^ v;hile ^\lera Khan Lodi was restored Kalpi

which he had held under Ibrahim Lodi, i i imilarly/ the

Nohanis were made <jssignments in Bihar where they were

in power for a long t ime. i'ath iChan Jarv.'ani was also

given the t e r r i t o r y which his fa ther held under Ibrahirri

Lodi, Thus we notice t ha t in the eas tern regions Babur

made no attempt to ui^root the Afghans. The power basis

of Babur's empire in tiie eas te rn region remained

prominantly Afghan.

On the other hand, in the for ts and t e r r i t o r i e s

around y\gra he did not allow the Hindustanis to r e t a i n

t h e i r e a r l i e r possess ions« Most of the Hindustanis of

th i s region v/ere deprived by Babur of t h e i r possessions

follov;ing t h e i r submission to him» For exaraple , a f t e r

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t h e submis i i i on of Nizam IChan of B iana , t h e f o r t of Biana

was t a k e n from hira and he v/aa a s s i g n e d a p a r g a n a in K i a n - i

Doab, o i n d l a r l y , a f t e r t h e subn i i so ion of T a t a r Khan o a r a n g

Khani t h e f o r t of G w a l i a r wa^ c a p t u r e d and he was g i v e n

a p a r g a n a f u r t h e r i iouth of G w a l i a r , Muhanuciad Z a i t u n was

a l s o d e p r i v e d of Dholpur v/hich was made k h a l i s a and he was

g i v e n a p a r g a n a e l s e v / h e r e , L ikev / i sc / Qasim o a m b h a l i was

a l s o d e p r i v e d of h i s e a r l i e r p o s s e s s i o n i . e . oan-ibhal.

Husa in Kshan Noh^mi and Qutb Khem Nohani were a l s o d r i v e n

away from R a p r i and Etawa r e s p e c t i v e l y which were a s s i g n e d

by Babur t o h i s c e n t r a l i - ^ i an n o b l e s . Mev.'at was a l s o

c a p t u r e d by Babur and p l a c e d u n d e r h i s o f f i c e r s / I .ahar Khan

h a v i n g been a s s i g n e d p a r g a n a s e l s e w h e r e . We s h a l l d i s c u s s

t h e r e a s o n s f o r t h i s p o l i c y i n a s u b s e q u e n t chap te r« ,

F i n a l l y , i t may oe n o t e d t h a t Babur a s s i g n e d

p a r g a n a s n o t o n l y t o t l io^e H i n d u s t a n i s and Afghans v/ho were

opposed t o j u l t a n I b r a h i m Lod i b u t e v e n t o t h o s e v/ho had

r ema ined l o y a l t o h im. I f h e accomodated i n h i s n o b i l i t y

ohail 'Ji Bay2id F a r m u l i v/ho had fou ' jh t f o r I b r a h i m Lodi

a g a i n s t l i a ru f L'armuli and h a s i r i'U^an Nohani and a s s i g n e d

p r i n c i p a l i t i e s t o tl'ie o c h e r l o y a l n o b l e s of oulLt^n

Ib rah i i i ; L o d i , he a l s o acconiiuodated t l ie i-johanis of B i h a r

and sons of Txaruf Farriuali , v;ho v/ere opposed t o I b r a h i m L o d i .

I n a v/ay, B^bur b r o u g h t t o g e t h e r t l i e w a r r i n g f a c t i o n s of t h e

Afghan n o b i l i t y of I b r a h i m j_,odi u n d e r h i s o v e r l o r c l s h i p o