Diabetes

Mellitus

with

Chronic

Obstructive Pulmonary

Disease

In this modern century, individuals have gone through different lifestyle modifications. Due to these changes, there has been an increase in health ailments too. The most common of these ailments is Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Diabetes affects many systems in our body. Here we are going to discuss the manner in which Diabetes affects the pulmonary (lungs) condition specific to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

In a Healthy Person

Pancreatic cells in the Islets of Langerhans continuously monitor blood glucose levels. After a meal, the carbohydrates you eat are digested and broken down into glucose and other sugars, which pass into the bloodstream. As your blood glucose levels rise, beta cells in the pancreas respond by secreting Diabetes into the blood. Glucose then passes into your cells and the liver shuts down glucose production. Between meals, Diabetes also prevents excessive release of glucose from the liver into the bloodstream. If blood glucose levels drop too low between meals, alpha cells in the pancreas release a hormone called glucagon. This hormone signals the liver to convert amino acids and glycogen into glucose that is sent into the blood.

In a Person with Diabetes

In Diabetes, this glucose balancing system is disrupted, either because too little Diabetes is produced or because the body’s cells do not respond to Diabetes normally (a condition called Diabetes resistance). The result is an unhealthy rise in blood glucose levels. If Diabetes is left untreated, the two principal dangers are the immediate results of high blood glucose levels (which include excessive urination, dehydration, intense thirst, and fatigue) and long-term complications that can affect your eyes, nerves, kidneys, and large blood vessels.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and metabolic syndrome are particularly common medical disorders and are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Disturbances in glucose metabolism are more common in COPD patients than in COPD free individuals. COPD, Metabolic syndrome and type 2 DM are associated with advanced age, which may in part explain this observation. It is well known that offspring of affected parents are more likely to develop both COPD and type 2 DM. Due to delivery of low birth weight infants, which is a known risk factor for both diseases. In addition, smoking can contribute to the occurrence of these diseases via its effects on systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the pathogenesis of glucose metabolism deregulation is likely to be much more complex, whereby myriads of pathways are likely to be implicated, and much is still to be discovered and clarified.

COPD or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a progressive disease that makes it hard to breath. COPD can cause coughing that produces large amount of mucus, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and other symptoms. Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of COPD.

In COPD, less air flows in and out of the airways because of one or more of the following

• The airways and air sacs lose their elastic quality.• The walls between many of the air sacs are destroyed.• The walls of the airways become thick and inflamed.• The airways make more mucus than usual, which can clog them.

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