Chromosomes and Karyotypes Lab 17

NGSS

HS-LS3-2. Make and defend a claim based on evidence that inheritable genetic variations may result from: (1) new genetic combinations through meiosis, (2) viable errors occurring during replication, and/or (3) mutations caused by environmental factors. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on using data to support arguments for the way variation occurs.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include the phases of meiosis or the biochemical mechanism of specific steps in the process.]

Review of Meiosis and Background Information Day 1, Thurs. 3/23/17

Metaphase I Anaphase I

Metaphase II Anaphase II

Meiosis

Which cells are produced by Meiosis? reproductive cells, also known as gametes

http://www.hobbyfarms.com/5-steps-to-get-the-best-eggs-possible-4/

When the haploid sperm fertilizes the haploid egg the result is a diploid cell. The diploid cell gets half of its chromosomes from the male parent and half from the female parent. It will become the diploid offspring.

http://ejdio.weebly.com/meiosis.html

Fertilized Gametes Offspring

www.frugal-living-freedom.com/raising-chickens.html

http://www.hobbyfarms.com/5-steps-to-get-the-best-eggs-possible-4/

How many cells? 4 Diploid or haploid? n, haploid What kind of cells? reproductive cells For example: sperm, egg, pollen, or seed

Cytokinesis

http://worms.zoology.wisc.edu/zooweb/Phelps/ZWK99019.jpeg

Human Male Chromosome Smear Normal Chromosomes

http://worms.zoology.wisc.edu/zooweb/Phelps/ZWK99004k.jpeg

Actual Karyotype for Human Female Normal Chromosomes

Day 2, Fri. 3/24/17

Day 2, Fri. 3/24/17

The karyotype for a Normal Female is a GUIDE. The karyotype you assemble is for either Christopher Carter (the male parent) or for one of the children in the Carter family. Therefore, the karyotype you assemble will NOT match the karyotype for a Normal Female.

Describe Chromosomes

Include all three in your description: 1. Total number of (individual) chromosomes

2. List any extra autosomes by writing a plus sign + followed by the number of the extra chromosome (example: if pair 17 has 3 chromosomes, write +17)

3. Indicate whether this is a normal karyotype or whether there is a chromosomal abnormality.

Day 3, Mon. 3/27/17

The karyotype for a Normal Female is a GUIDE. The karyotype you assemble is for either Christopher Carter (the male parent) or for one of the children in the Carter family. Therefore, the karyotype you assemble will NOT match the karyotype for a Normal Female.

Include all three when you Describe Chromosomes : 1. Total number of (individual)

chromosomes 2. List any extra autosomes by

writing a plus sign + followed by the number of the extra chromosome (example: if pair 17 has 3 chromosomes, write +17)

3. Indicate whether this is a normal karyotype or whether there is a chromosomal abnormality.

Day 3, Mon. 3/27/17

TO DO:

Use these LINKS to learn about cri du chat syndrome and Down syndrome

• Keep the chromosomes on the grid. • The container has some chromosomal differences that were not seen on Friday. • Add chromosomes from the container to the grid. Leave the tape on the chromosome! Tape represents either missing or damaged DNA. • On NB page 106 fill in all of the spaces for Second Karyotype. When you Describe Chromosomes, include all three: 1. Total number of (individual) chromosomes 2. List any extra autosomes by writing a plus sign + followed by the number of the extra chromosome (example: if pair 17 has 3 chromosomes, write +17) 3. Indicate whether this is a normal karyotype or whether there is a chromosomal abnormality.

Day 3, Mon. 3/27/17

The karyotype for a Normal Female is a GUIDE. The karyotype you assemble is for either Christopher Carter (the male parent) or for one of the children in the Carter family. Therefore, the karyotype you assemble will NOT match the karyotype for a Normal Female.

Day 4, Tues. 3/28/17

Which cells are produced by Meiosis? reproductive cells, also known as gametes

http://www.hobbyfarms.com/5-steps-to-get-the-best-eggs-possible-4/

When the haploid sperm fertilizes the haploid egg the result is a diploid cell that will become the diploid offspring.

http://ejdio.weebly.com/meiosis.html

n

n

2n

Meiosis: occurring correctly vs. nondisjunction

Meiosis as it properly occurs

Nondisjunction during Meiosis, errors

http://www.bio.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/bio212/chromosomes.html

Crossing Over, how it affects chromosomes in gametes

http://mumtazticloft.com/PigeonGenetics1.asp

When part of a chromosome is deleted, the offspring’s karyotype, phenotype, and genotype are affected.

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/disorders/chromosomal/cdc/

http://www.embryology.ch/anglais/kchromaber/abweichende02.html

NOTES on Potential Problems During Meiosis

• see Ms. Kent’s notes

TO DO:

Use these LINKS to learn about cri du chat syndrome and Down syndrome

• Keep the chromosomes on the grid. • The container has some chromosomal differences that were not seen on Friday or Monday. • Add chromosomes from the container to the grid. • On NB page 106 fill in all of the spaces for Third Karyotype. When you Describe Chromosomes, include all three: 1. Total number of (individual) chromosomes 2. List any extra autosomes by writing a plus sign + followed by the number of the extra chromosome (example: if pair 17 has 3 chromosomes, write +17) 3. Indicate whether this is a normal karyotype or whether there is a chromosomal abnormality.

Day 5, Wed. 3/29/17 Day 6, Thurs. 3/30/17 Day 7, Fri. 3/31/17

Notebook page 47.

Also NB pages 48 and 49.

Introduction to writing a Scientific Explanation which makes a claim that is supported by evidence and reasoning.

Also, any pages in your notebook that have information about meiosis, inheritance and genetics.

Write a Scientific Explanation to answer the Guiding Question

• Assert a claim. • Support the claim with

1. evidence from the investigation, 2. your knowledge of meiosis and inheritance

of traits, 3. And with evidence from the LINKS on Ms.

Kent’s PVHS website.

• Use reasoning to explain why or how the evidence supports the claim.

You must write at least 3 paragraphs. Each paragraph will begin with a piece of evidence. And continue with reasoning to logically link each bit of evidence to the claim.

Just as all 3 legs support this seat. All 3 pieces of evidence support the claim.

Day 8, Mon. 4/3/17-complete your organization of information & rough draft Day 9, Tues. 4/4/17, Begin writing and typing paragraphs. Day 10, Wed. 4/5/17, Complete writing and typing paragraphs.

On Wednesday, 4/5/17, you must turn in two assignments: 1. your Organizing Information and Rough Draft papers, and 2. your typed scientific explanation of 3 paragraphs or more.

Notebook page 47.

Also NB pages 48 and 49.

Introduction to writing a Scientific Explanation which makes a claim that is supported by evidence and reasoning.

Also, any pages in your notebook that have information about meiosis, inheritance and genetics.

Write a Scientific Explanation to answer the Guiding Question

• Assert a claim.

• Support the claim with 1. evidence from the investigation, 2. your knowledge of meiosis and

inheritance of traits, 3. And with evidence from the

LINKS on Ms. Kent’s PVHS website.

• Use reasoning to explain why or how the evidence supports the claim.

You must write at least 3 paragraphs. Each paragraph will begin with a piece of evidence. And continue with reasoning to logically link each bit of evidence to the claim.

One paragraph about Emily: Include evidence about Emily from the investigation, meiosis, traits and Links. Your reasoning to connect that evidence to the claim. One paragraph about Andy: Include evidence about Andy from the investigation, meiosis, traits and Links. Your reasoning to connect that evidence to the claim. One paragraph about the parents: Include evidence about the parents from investigation, meiosis, traits and Links. Your reasoning to connect that evidence to the claim.

LINKS on my PVHS website

• All of these LINKS are good sources of information to help you develop your Scientific Explanation.

• READ the already highlighted handouts

• The following slides guide you through assembling karyotypes, taking notes on the evidence, making a claim based on the evidence.

Assert an Evidence-Based Claim

Recessive genetic disorders, parents each had a

recessive allele which were passed to offspring.

Caused by chromosomal abnormalities, either

sperm or egg had a damaged, missing, or

additional chromosome.

Caused by toxins in the environment that altered

the genes. Children exposed to toxins before birth.

These are the 3 potential explanations. Examine the evidence from the Introduction on the lab handout, the notes, Karyotypes, and pedigree. List the supporting evidence below the corresponding explanations. Use that to write your Claim and Reasoning. Be sure to connect the evidence to the claim.

Crossing Over, genetic material is exchanged between 2 homologous chromosomes

https://www.emaze.com/@AIZCOIRO/Presentation-Name

Karyotype of “Jill Miller”, a female with normal chromosomes Use this SAMPLE to assist you in assembling the karyotypes for this lab.

Two possible situations that can cause genetic abnormalities.

Nondisjunction during Meiosis results in gametes with too few chromosomes or too many chromosomes.

http://www.bio.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/bio212/chromosomes.html

Chromosomes can be damaged. Therefore, may be missing part of the chromosome.

too many too few correct haploid number, (n)

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/disorders/chromosomal/cdc