The Human Genome Chapter 14. Human Heredity Human chromosomes Karyotype – a picture of chromosomes…
Chromosomes and Human Genetics Chapter 11. Karyotyping Separating chromosomes for an individual The...
-
Upload
morgan-wilcox -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
3
Transcript of Chromosomes and Human Genetics Chapter 11. Karyotyping Separating chromosomes for an individual The...
Chromosomes and Human Genetics
Chapter 11
KaryotypingSeparating
chromosomes for an individual
The human chromosomes have been karyotyped to see what normal should look like.
Pedigree
A chart showing genetic conditions among individuals
Genetic EngineeringProcess and study of reconfiguring an
organisms genes in order to add or remove a gene.
AneuploidyIndividual has one less or extra
chromosomeMost miscarriages are caused by this
Down’s SyndromeAn extra
chromosome appears at location 21. Also called Trisomy 21.
Causes mental retardation and heart defects
PolyploidyHaving three or
more of each type of chromosome
NondisjunctionOne or more pairs
of chromosomes fail to separate during mitosis or meiosis
Autosomal InheritanceRecessive - Traits are carried on an
autosomal chromosome through a recessive allele
Dominant – traits are carried on an autosomal chromosome through a dominant allele.
AlbinismAbsence of
pigmentation.Caused by
autosomal recessive inheritance.
X-Linked Recessive InheritanceThe trait is carried on the X
chromosome through a recessive allele. These disorders tend to be seen most frequently in males because males only have one X chromosome, and if they receive it, the allele will not be hidden.
Hemophilia, colorblindness
Color BlindnessInability to
distinguish between some or all colors.
X-Linked recessive inheritance
HemophiliaBleeding disease.Impaired clotting
ability.Caused by X-
Linked recessive inheritance.
Genetic MutationsDuplication – gene sequences that are
repeated several to many hundreds of times.
Inversion – DNA sequence reverses.Deletion – loss of a segment of DNA.
Can be caused by viruses or environmental factors.
Translocation – a broken part of a chromosome becomes attached to a nonhomologous chromosome. Most of these are reciprocal (chromosomes exchange sequences).
Leukemia can be caused this way.
Works Cited http://homepages.uel.ac.uk/V.K.Sieber/solidktp.jpg http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucbhjow/medicine/RGD/images/ped_sym
b.gif http://www.asklenore.info/miscarriage/print/images/fig3.jpg http://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/n100/images/
11nondisjunction.gif http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucbhjow/bmsi/lec7_images/47_xx_21.gif http://www.foxnews.com/images/
297291/0_61_062507_albino_goat.jpg http://www.humanillnesses.com/original/images/
hdc_0001_0003_0_img0234.jpg ricksaphire.com/colorblind/ http://healthresources.caremark.com/Imagebank/
Articles_images/Hemophilia.gif