Christopher g. Halnin Case Digests No. 4

7/24/2019 Christopher g. Halnin Case Digests No. 4

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Assignment No. 4

Case Digests in SCARP AND SPECPRO

Submitted by Christopher G. Halnin

o Atty. Christian !"it# $illasis

%. &ar'elo A. &esinavs. (ntermediate Appellate Court

G.R. No. 70145 (145 SCRA 49

November 13, 1986

)ACS*

Jose Go purchse! "rom Assoc#$e! %&' csh#ers chec' "or )800,000.00. *&"or$u&$e+,

he +e"$ s#! chec' o& $he $op o" $he !es' o" $he b&' m&-er he& he +e"$ $he b&'. /he b&'

m&-er e&$rus$e! $he chec' "or s"e'eep#&- $o A+ber$ *, b&' o""#c#+. h#+e * s #&

$he me&s room, $he chec' s s$o+e& b A+e&!er 2#m, h#s v#s#$or. *po& !#scover#&- $h$

$he chec' s +os$, Jose Go ccomp+#she! S/) )AN/ or!er &! eecu$e! &

""#!v#$ o" +oss.

/o !s +$er, Assoc#$e! %&' rece#ve! $he +os$ chec' "or c+er#&- "rom )ru!e&$#+ %&'.

A"$er !#sho&or#&- $he sme chec' $#ce, Assoc#$e! %&' rece#ve! summo&s &! cop o"

comp+#&$ "or !m-es o" rce+o es#& ho s #& possess#o& o" $he +os$ chec' &! #s

!em&!#&- pme&$. )e$#$#o&er c+#ms $h$ csh#ers chec' c&&o$ be cou&$erm&!e! #& $he

h&!s o" ho+!er #& !ue course.

Respo&!e&$ Assoc#$e! %&' "#+e! & c$#o& "or &$erp+e!er &m#&- s respo&!e&$, Jose Go

(SS+E*

he$her AC erre! #& cou&$e&&c#&- $he "#+#&- &! m#&$e&&ce o" & #&$erp+e!er su#$ b

pr$ ho h! er+#er bee& sue! o& $he sme c+#m

HE,D*

No. )e$#$#o&er s$ubbor&+ #&s#s$s $h$ $here #s &o sho#&- o" co&"+#c$#&- c+#ms &!

#&$erp+e!er #s ou$ o" $he :ues$#o&. /here #s e&ou-h ev#!e&ce $o es$b+#sh $he co&$rr.

Co&s#!er#&- $he "oreme&$#o&e! "c$s &! c#rcums$&ces, respo&!e&$ b&' mere+ $oo' $he

&ecessr precu$#o& &o$ $o m'e m#s$'e s $o hom $o p &! $here"ore #&$erp+e!er s

#$s proper reme!. $ hs bee& sho& $h$ $he #&$erp+e!er su#$ s "#+e! b respo&!e&$ b&'

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becuse pe$#$#o&er &! Jose Go ere bo$h +#&- $he#r c+#ms o& $he chec', pe$#$#o&er s'#&-

pme&$ $hereo& &! Jose Go s $he purchser or o&er. /he ++e-$#o& o" pe$#$#o&er $h$

respo&!e&$ b&' h! e""ec$#ve+ re+#eve! #$se+" o" #$s pr#mr +#b#+#$ u&!er $he chec' b

s#mp+ "#+#&- comp+#&$ "or #&$erp+e!er #s be+#e! b $he #++#&-&ess o" respo&!e&$ b&' $o

#ssue cer$#"#c$e o" $#me !epos#$ #& $he mou&$ o" )800,000 represe&$#&- $he csh#ers chec'

#& :ues$#o& #& $he &me o" $he C+er' o" Cour$ o" + $o be r!e! $o hoever #++ be

"ou&! b $he cour$ s v+#!+ e&$#$+e! $o #$. S#! v+#!#$ #++ !epe&! o& $he s$re&-$h o" $he

pr$#es respec$#ve r#-h$s &! $#$+es $here$o. %&' "#+e! $he #&$erp+e!er su#$ &o$ becuse

pe$#$#o&er sue! #$ bu$ becuse pe$#$#o&er #s +#&- c+#m $o $he sme chec' $h$ Go #s c+#m#&-.

& $he ver ! $h$ $he b&' #&s$#$u$e! $he cse #& #&$erp+e!er, #$ s &o$ re o" & su#$

"or !m-es "#+e! b pe$#$#o&er -#&s$ #$ s suppor$e! b $he "c$ $h$ $he #&$erp+e!er cse

s "#rs$ e&$#$+e!Associated Bank vs. Jose Go and John Doe, bu$ +$er o& ch&-e! $o rce+o

A. es#& "or Joh& ;oe he& h#s &me becme '&o& $o respo&!e&$ b&'.

-. )elipe . Olladavs. Central an/ o0 the Philippines

G.R. No. 2e! $o prc$#ce ccou&$#&- $ Ce&$r+ %&' "#+e! #& $he C? pe$#$#o&

"or !ec+r$o re+#e" "$er h#s pe$#$#o& "or r#$ o" pre+#m #&@u&c$#o& h! bee& !#sm#sse! #& $he

C? ss#+#&- $he e&"orceme&$ o" $he Ce&$r+ %&' o" $he )h#+#pp#&es(%&' #$h $o

re:u#reme&$s "or C)As, reB $h$ $he pp+#c&$ C)A shou+! s#-& s$$eme&$ u&!er o$h &!

$h$, upo& ccre!#$$#o&, C)A ou+! be -over&e! b $he ru+es &! re-u+$#o&s o" $he Ce&$r+

%&' &! &o$ b $hose o" $he )h#+#pp#&e &s$#$u$e o" Accou&$&$s. e ++e-es $h$ becuse o"

$hese re:u#reme&$s he h! su""ere! ser#ous #&@ur, &! $h$ such e&"orceme&$ hs resu+$e! #&

$he u&+"u+ res$r#&$ #& $he prc$#ce o" C)As #& $he ""#ce o" $he Ce&$r+ %&'. /he C?

!#sm#sse! $he pe$#$#o&.

(SS+E*

he$her or &o$ $he pe$#$#o& "or ;ec+r$or Re+#e" s proper+ !#sm#sse!

HE,D*No. )e$#$#o&er comme&ce! $h#s c$#o& s, &! c+er+ #&$e&!e! #$ $o be o&e "or ;ec+r$or

Re+#e" u&!er $he prov#s#o&s o" Ru+e 66 o" $he Ru+es o" Cour$. & $he :ues$#o& o" he&

spec#+ c#v#+ c$#o& o" $h#s &$ure ou+! prosper, e hve +re! he+! $h$ $he comp+#&$ "or

!ec+r$or re+#e" #++ &o$ prosper #" "#+e! "$er co&$rc$, s$$u$e or r#-h$ hs bee& breche!

or v#o+$e!. & $he prese&$ cse such #s prec#se+ $he s#$u$#o& r#s#&- "rom $he "c$s ++e-e! #&

$he pe$#$#o& "or !ec+r$or re+#e". As v#-orous+ c+#me! b pe$#$#o&er h#mse+", respo&!e&$

h! +re! #&v!e! or v#o+$e! h#s r#-h$ &! cuse! h#m #&@ur D ++ $hese -#v#&- h#m

comp+e$e cuse o" c$#o& e&"orceb+e #& & ppropr#$e or!#&r c#v#+ c$#o& or procee!#&-.

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A& c$#o& "or !ec+r$or re+#e" shou+! be "#+e! be"ore $here hs bee& brech o" co&$rc$,

s$$u$es or r#-h$, &! $h$ #$ #s su""#c#e&$ $o br such c$#o&, $h$ $here h! bee& brech D

h#ch ou+! co&s$#$u$e c$#o&b+e v#o+$#o&. /he ru+e #s $h$ & c$#o& "or ;ec+r$or Re+#e"

#s proper o&+ #" !e:u$e re+#e" #s &o$ v#+b+e $hrou-h $he me&s o" o$her e#s$#&- "orms o"

c$#o& or procee!#&-.

1. +y "iao Engvs. Ni2on ,ee

G.R. No. 176831

J&ur 15, =010

)ACS*

N#o& 2eeEs "$her psse! o& Ju&e ==, 199= #& + &! +e"$ ho+o-rph#c #++,

h#ch #s &o #& $he cus$o! o" pe$#$#o&er *F#o&-, h#s mo$her. N#o& 2ee "#+e!, o&

=8, =001, pe$#$#o& "or m&!mus #$h !m-es be"ore $he Re-#o&+ /r#+ Cour$ (R/C o"

+, $o compe+ h#s mo$her $o pro!uce $he #++ so $h$ prob$e procee!#&-s "or $he

++o&ce $hereo" cou+! be #&s$#$u$e!.

A++e-e!+, 2ee h! +re! re:ues$e! h#s mo$her $o se$$+e &! +#:u#!$e $he p$r#rchEs es$$e&! $o !e+#ver $o $he +e-+ he#rs $he#r respec$#ve #&her#$&ce, bu$ pe$#$#o&er re"use! $o !o so

#$hou$ & @us$#"#b+e reso&.

F#o&- $rverse! $he ++e-$#o&s #& $he comp+#&$ &! pos#$e! $h$ $he sme be !#sm#sse! "or

"#+ure $o s$$e cuse o" c$#o&, "or +c' o" cuse o" c$#o&, &! "or &o&


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cour$ me&!e! #$s !ec#s#o&, -r&$e! $he mo$#o&, se$ s#!e #$s er+#er ru+#&-, #ssue! $he r#$,

&! or!ere! $he pro!uc$#o& o" $he #++ &chore! o& $he bs#s $h$ $h#s $#me respo&!e&$ s

b+e $o sho b $es$#mo+ ev#!e&ce $h$ h#s mo$her h! #& her possess#o& $he ho+o-rph#c

#++.

F#o&- move! "or reco&s#!er$#o& bu$ $he sme s !ee!. 2e"$ #$h &o o$her recourse

F#o&- brou-h$ $he cse be"ore $he Supreme Cour$ #s pe$#$#o& "or rev#e

o& cer$#orr# u&!er Ru+e 45 o" $he Ru+es o" Cour$, ss#+#&- Ame&!e! ;ec#s#o& o" $he Cour$

o" Appe+s #& !e&- her mo$#o& "or reco&s#!er$#o&.

(SS+E*

he$her $he pe$#$#o& "or m&!mus #s $he proper reme!

HE,D*

N. /he "#rs$ pr-rph o" Sec$#o& 3 o" Ru+e 65 o" $he Ru+es o" Cour$ per$#&e&$+ prov#!es

$h$

SC. 3. )e$#$#o& "or m&!mus. he& & $r#bu&+, corpor$#o&, bor!, o""#cer or perso&

u&+"u++ &e-+ec$s $he per"orm&ce o" & c$ h#ch $he + spec#"#c++ e&@o#&s s !u$

resu+$#&- "rom & o""#ce, $rus$, or s$$#o&, or u&+"u++ ec+u!es &o$her "rom $he use &!

e&@ome&$ o" r#-h$ or o""#ce $o h#ch such o$her #s e&$#$+e!, &! $here #s &o o$her p+#&,

spee! &! !e:u$e reme! #& $he or!#&r course o" +, $he perso& --r#eve! $hereb m

"#+e ver#"#e! pe$#$#o& #& $he proper cour$, ++e-#&- $he "c$s #$h cer$#&$ &! pr#&- $h$

@u!-me&$ be re&!ere! comm&!#&- $he respo&!e&$, #mme!#$e+ or $ some o$her $#me $o be

spec#"#e! b $he cour$, $o !o $he c$ re:u#re! $o be !o&e $o pro$ec$ $he r#-h$s o" $he pe$#$#o&er,

&! $o p $he !m-es sus$#&e! b $he pe$#$#o&er b reso& o" $he ro&-"u+ c$s o" $he

respo&!e&$.

&!mus #s comm&! #ssu#&- "rom cour$ o" + o" compe$e&$ @ur#s!#c$#o&, #& $he &me

o" $he s$$e or $he sovere#-&, !#rec$e! $o some #&"er#or cour$, $r#bu&+, or bor!, or $o some

corpor$#o& or perso& re:u#r#&- $he per"orm&ce o" pr$#cu+r !u$ $here#& spec#"#e!, h#ch

!u$ resu+$s "rom $he o""#c#+ s$$#o& o" $he pr$ $o hom $he r#$ #s !#rec$e! or "rom

oper$#o& o" +. /h#s !e"#$#o& reco->es $he pub+#c chrc$er o" $he reme!, &! c+er+

ec+u!es $he #!e $h$ #$ m be resor$e! $o "or $he purpose o" e&"orc#&- $he per"orm&ce o"

!u$#es #& h#ch $he pub+#c hs &o #&$eres$. /he r#$ #s proper recourse "or c#$#>e&s ho see'

$o e&"orce pub+#c r#-h$ &! $o compe+ $he per"orm&ce o" pub+#c !u$, mos$ espec#++

he& $he pub+#c r#-h$ #&vo+ve! #s m&!$e! b $he Co&s$#$u$#o&. As $he :uo$e! prov#s#o&

#&s$ruc$s, m&!mus #++ +#e #" $he $r#bu&+, corpor$#o&, bor!, o""#cer, or perso& u&+"u++

&e-+ec$s $he per"orm&ce o" & c$ h#ch $he + e&@o#&s s !u$ resu+$#&- "rom & o""#ce,

$rus$ or s$$#o&.

/he r#$ o" m&!mus, hoever, #++ &o$ #ssue $o compe+ & o""#c#+ $o !o &$h#&- h#ch #s

&o$ h#s !u$ $o !o or h#ch #$ #s h#s !u$ &o$ $o !o, or $o -#ve $o $he pp+#c&$ &$h#&- $o

4


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h#ch he #s &o$ e&$#$+e! b +. Nor #++ m&!mus #ssue $o e&"orce r#-h$ h#ch #s #&

subs$&$#+ !#spu$e or s $o h#ch subs$&$#+ !oub$ e#s$s, +$hou-h ob@ec$#o& r#s#&- mere

$echc+ :ues$#o& #++ be !#sre-r!e! #" $he r#-h$ #s c+er &! $he cse #s mer#$or#ous. As

ru+e, m&!mus #++ &o$ +#e #& $he bse&ce o" & o" $he "o++o#&- -rou&!sB H $h$ $he cour$,

o""#cer, bor!, or perso& -#&s$ hom $he c$#o& #s $'e& u&+"u++ &e-+ec$e! $he

per"orm&ce o" & c$ h#ch $he + spec#"#c++ e&@o#&s s !u$ resu+$#&- "rom o""#ce, $rus$,

or s$$#o&I or bH $h$ such cour$, o""#cer, bor!, or perso& hs u&+"u++ ec+u!e!

pe$#$#o&erre+$or "rom $he use &! e&@ome&$ o" r#-h$ or o""#ce $o h#ch he #s e&$#$+e!. &

$he pr$ o" $he re+$or, #$ #s esse&$#+ $o $he #ssu&ce o" r#$ o" m&!mus $h$ he shou+!

hve c+er +e-+ r#-h$ $o $he $h#&- !em&!e! &! #$ mus$ be $he #mper$#ve !u$ o"

respo&!e&$ $o per"orm $he c$ re:u#re!.

Reco->e! "ur$her #& $h#s @ur#s!#c$#o& #s $he pr#&c#p+e $h$ m&!mus c&&o$ be use! $o

e&"orce co&$rc$u+ ob+#-$#o&s. Ge&er++, m&!mus #++ &o$ +#e $o e&"orce pure+ pr#v$e

co&$rc$ r#-h$s, &! #++ &o$ +#e -#&s$ & #&!#v#!u+ u&+ess some ob+#-$#o& #& $he &$ure o"

pub+#c or :us#


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Sep$ember 17, =009

)ACS*

)e$#$#o&ers "#+e! be"ore $he R/C $he#r Comp+#&$ "or Re#v#&!#cc#o&, Ku#e$#&- o" /#$+e, &!

;m-es -#&s$ respo&!e&$s ++e-#&- $h$ $he re $he o&ers o" prce+ o" +&! s#$u$e!

#& /u-ue-ro C#$, C-&. )e$#$#o&ers #&her#$e! $he sub@ec$ proper$ "rom A&s$c#o

;&o (A&s$c#o, ho !#e! #&$es$$e. ;ur#&- $he +#"e$#me o" A&s$c#o, he h! ++oe!

Co&sue+o )u#- $o bu#+! o& &! occup $he sou$her& por$#o& o" $he sub@ec$

proper$. A&s$c#o &! Co&sue+o -ree! $h$ $he +$$er ou+! vc$e $he s#! +&! $ &

$#me $h$ A&s$c#o &! h#s he#rs m#-h$ &ee! #$.

)e$#$#o&ers c+#me! $h$ respo&!e&$s, Co&sue+os "m#+ members, co&$#&ue! $o occup $he

sub@ec$ proper$ eve& "$er her !e$h, +re! bu#+!#&- $he#r res#!e&ces $hereo& us#&-

perm&e&$ m$er#+s. )e$#$#o&ers +so +er&e! $h$ respo&!e&$s ere c+#m#&- o&ersh#p over

$he sub@ec$ proper$. Averr#&- $h$ $he +re! &ee!e! #$, pe$#$#o&ers !em&!e! $h$

respo&!e&$s vc$e $he sme. Respo&!e&$s, hoever, re"use! $o hee! pe$#$#o&ers !em&!.

)e$#$#o&ers re"erre! $he#r +&! !#spu$e #$h respo&!e&$s $o $he 2upo&- /-pmp o"

%r&- A&&"u&& es$ "or co&c#+#$#o&. ;ur#&- $he co&c#+#$#o& procee!#&-s, respo&!e&$s

sser$e! $h$ $he o&e! $he sub@ec$ proper$ &! prese&$e! !ocume&$s os$e&s#b+ suppor$#&-

$he#r c+#m o" o&ersh#p. Accor!#&- $o pe$#$#o&ers, respo&!e&$s !ocume&$s ere h#-h+

!ub#ous, "+s#"#e!, &! #&cpb+e o" prov#&- $he +$$ers c+#m o" o&ersh#p over $he sub@ec$

proper$I &ever$he+ess, $he cre$e! c+ou! upo& pe$#$#o&ers $#$+e $o $he proper$. /hus,

pe$#$#o&ers ere compe++e! $o "#+e be"ore $he R/C Comp+#&$ $o remove such c+ou! "rom

$he#r $#$+e. oever, such comp+#&$ s !#sm#sse! "or +c' o" @ur#s!#c$#o&. /he R/C re"erre!

$o Repub+#c Ac$ No. 7691, me&!#&- %$s )mb&s %+-. 1=9, o$her#se '&o& s $he

Ju!#c#r Reor->$#o& Ac$ o" 1980, h#ch ves$s $he R/C #$h @ur#s!#c$#o& over re+

c$#o&s, here $he ssesse! v+ue o" $he proper$ #&vo+ve! ecee!s )=0,000.00. $ "ou&! $h$

$he sub@ec$ proper$ h! v+ue o" +ess $h& )=0,000.00I he&ce, pe$#$#o&ers c$#o& $o recover

$he sme s ou$s#!e $he @ur#s!#c$#o& o" $he R/C.

)e$#$#o&ers "#+e! o$#o& "or Reco&s#!er$#o& o" $he "oreme&$#o&e! R/C r!er !#sm#ss#&-

$he#r Comp+#&$. /he r-ue! $h$ $he#r pr#&c#p+ cuse o" c$#o& s "or :u#e$#&- o" $#$+eI

$he cc#o& re#v#&!#cc#o& s #&c+u!e! mere+ $o e&b+e $hem $o see' comp+e$e re+#e" "romrespo&!e&$s. )e$#$#o&ers Comp+#&$ shou+! &o$ hve bee& !#sm#sse!, s#&ce Sec$#o& 1, Ru+e 63

o" $he Ru+es o" Cour$ s$$es $h$ & c$#o& $o :u#e$ $#$+e "++s u&!er $he @ur#s!#c$#o& o" $he R/C.

& & r!er !$e! 30 =007, $he R/C !ee! pe$#$#o&ers o$#o& "or Reco&s#!er$#o&. $

reso&e! $h$ & c$#o& $o :u#e$ $#$+e #s re+ c$#o&. )ursu&$ $o Repub+#c Ac$ No. 7691, #$ #s

$he uc#p+ /r#+ Cour$ (/C $h$ eerc#ses ec+us#ve @ur#s!#c$#o& over re+ c$#o&s here

$he ssesse! v+ue o" re+ proper$ !oes &o$ ecee! )=0,000.00. S#&ce $he ssesse! v+ue o"

6


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sub@ec$ proper$ s )410.00, $he re+ c$#o& #&vo+v#&- $he sme s ou$s#!e $he @ur#s!#c$#o&

o" $he R/C.

)e$#$#o&ers "#+e! &o$her p+e!#&-, s#mp+ !es#-&$e! s o$#o&, #& h#ch $he pre! $h$ $he

R/C r!ers !$e! 4 =007 &! 30 =007, !#sm#ss#&- $he#r Comp+#&$, be se$

s#!e. /he re#$er$e! $he#r er+#er r-ume&$ $h$ Sec$#o& 1, Ru+e 63 o" $he Ru+es o" Cour$

s$$es $h$ & c$#o& $o :u#e$ $#$+e "++s u&!er $he ec+us#ve @ur#s!#c$#o& o" $he R/C. /he +so

co&$e&!e! $h$ $here s &o obs$c+e $o $he#r @o#&- $he $o cuses o" c$#o&, #.e., :u#e$#&- o"

$#$+e &! re#v#&!#cc#o&, #& s#&-+e Comp+#&$. A&! eve& #" $he $o cuses o" c$#o& cou+! &o$

be @o#&e!, pe$#$#o&ers m#&$#&e! $h$ $he m#s@o#&!er o" s#! cuses o" c$#o& s &o$

-rou&! "or $he !#sm#ss+ o" $he#r Comp+#&$.

/he R/C #ssue! & r!er !$e! 31 c$ober =007 !e&- pe$#$#o&ers o$#o&. $ c+r#"#e! $h$

$he#r Comp+#&$ s !#sm#sse!, &o$ o& $he -rou&! o" m#s@o#&!er o" cuses o" c$#o&, bu$ "or

+c' o" @ur#s!#c$#o&. /he R/C !#ssec$e! Sec$#o& 1, Ru+e 63 o" $he Ru+es o" Cour$, h#ch

prov#!esB

Sec$#o& 1. ho m "#+e pe$#$#o&. A& perso& #&$eres$e! u&!er !ee!, #++, co&$rc$ or o$her

r#$$e& #&s$rume&$, or hose r#-h$s re ""ec$e! b s$$u$e, eecu$#ve or!er or re-u+$#o&,

or!#&&ce, or & o$her -over&me&$+ re-u+$#o& m, be"ore brech or v#o+$#o& $hereo",

br#&- & c$#o& #& $he ppropr#$e Re-#o&+ /r#+ Cour$ $o !e$erm#&e & :ues$#o& o"

co&s$ruc$#o& or v+#!#$ r#s#&-, &! "or !ec+r$#o& o" h#s r#-h$s or !u$#es, $hereu&!er.

A& c$#o& "or $he re"orm$#o& o" & #&s$rume&$, $o :u#e$ $#$+e $o re+ proper$ or remove

c+ou!s $here"rom, or $o co&so+#!$e o&ersh#p u&!er Ar$#c+e 1607 o" $he C#v#+ Co!e, m be

brou-h$ u&!er $h#s Ru+e.

/he R/C !#""ere&$#$e! be$ee& $he "#rs$ &! $he seco&! pr-rphs o" Sec$#o& 1, Ru+e 63 o"

$he Ru+es o" Cour$. /he "#rs$ pr-rph re"ers $o & c$#o& "or !ec+r$or re+#e", h#ch shou+!

be brou-h$ be"ore $he R/C. /he seco&! pr-rph, hoever, re"ers $o !#""ere&$ se$ o"

reme!#es, h#ch #&c+u!es & c$#o& $o :u#e$ $#$+e $o re+ proper$. /he seco&! pr-rph mus$

be re! #& re+$#o& $o Repub+#c Ac$ No. 7691, h#ch ves$s $he /C #$h @ur#s!#c$#o& over re+

c$#o&s, here $he ssesse! v+ue o" $he re+ proper$ #&vo+ve! !oes &o$ ecee! )50,000.00 #&

e$ro + &! )=0,000.00 #& ++ o$her p+ces.

e&ce, $he pe$#$#o& "or cer$#orr#.

(SS+E*

he$her or Ru+e 63, Sec$#o& 1 (!ec+r$or re+#e" #s proper+ #&vo'e! #& $he #&s$&$ cse.

HE,D*

7


8/44

A& c$#o& "or !ec+r$or re+#e" shou+! be "#+e! b perso& #&$eres$e! u&!er !ee!, #++,

co&$rc$ or o$her r#$$e& #&s$rume&$, &! hose r#-h$s re ""ec$e! b s$$u$e, & eecu$#ve

or!er, re-u+$#o& or & or!#&&ce. /he re+#e" sou-h$ u&!er $h#s reme! #&c+u!es $he

#&$erpre$$#o& &! !e$erm#&$#o& o" $he v+#!#$ o" $he r#$$e& #&s$rume&$ &! $he @u!#c#+

!ec+r$#o& o" $he pr$#es r#-h$s or !u$#es $hereu&!er.

As "ou&! b $he R/C, $he ssesse! v+ue o" $he sub@ec$ proper$ s s$$e! #& / ;ec+r$#o&

No. 0=


9/44

#&vo+ve!. G#ve& $h$ $he sub@ec$ proper$ here#& #s v+ue! o&+ $ )410.00, $he& $he /C, &o$

$he R/C, hs @ur#s!#c$#o& over & c$#o& $o recover $he sme. /he R/C, $here"ore, !#! &o$

comm#$ -rve buse o" !#scre$#o& #& !#sm#ss#&-, #$hou$ pre@u!#ce, pe$#$#o&ers Comp+#&$ #&

C#v#+ Cse No. 6868 "or +c' o" @ur#s!#c$#o&.

3. Planters Deelopment an/vs. 5ames Ng6 et. al.

G.R. No. 187556

5, =010

)ACS*

Jmes N- &! h#s bro$her A&$ho& (respo&!e&$s ob$#&e! +o&s "rom pe$#$#o&er mou&$#&- $o

)=5,000,000.00 $o secure h#ch $he mor$--e! $o prce+s o" +&! s#$u$e! #& S& ?r&c#sco

!e+ o&$e, Kue>o& C#$ &! covere! b /C/ Nos. 79865 &! 79866 o" $he Re-#s$r o" ;ee!s

o" Kue>o& C#$.

Respo&!e&$s "#+e! $o se$$+e $he#r +o& ob+#-$#o&I he&ce, pe$#$#o&er #&s$#$u$e! e$r@u!#c#+

"orec+osure o" $he mor$--e be"ore No$r )ub+#c S$ephe& L. /+. /he No$#ce o" Auc$#o&

S+e sche!u+e! $he s+e o" $he proper$#es covere! b $he mor$--e $ $he #& &$r&ce o"

$he ++ o" Jus$#ce %u#+!#&- #& Kue>o& C#$. /he No$#ce s pub+#she! #& e$ro )ro"#+e, &espper o" -e&er+ c#rcu+$#o&.

/he h#-hes$ b#!!er $ $he uc$#o& s+e s pe$#$#o&er $o h#ch s #ssue! Cer$#"#c$e o" S+e

$h$ s re-#s$ere! #$h $he Re-#s$er o" ;ee!s o" Kue>o& C#$.

As respo&!e&$s "#+e! $o re!eem $he mor$--e #$h#& o&e er, pe$#$#o&er "#+e! & e, +so secure! +o&

"rom $he pe$#$#o&er. );C "#+e! $o p $he +o&. S?R%, "#+e! pe$#$#o& "or e$r


24/44

Cer$#orr# #$h $he CA ver$#&- error $h$ $he R/C shou+! hve !#sm#sse! $he pe$#$#o& "or

r#$ o" possess#o& pe&!#&- !e$erm#&$#o& o" $he subs$&$#+ #ssues b $he 2RA.

S?R% #& #$s comme&$ sser$e! $h$ $h$ $he R/C, s#$$#&- s +&! re-#s$r$#o& cour$, h!

@ur#s!#c$#o& over $he pe$#$#o& "or r#$ o" possess#o&I $hus, $he reme! o" respo&!e&$s shou+!

hve $o ppe+ $he ss#+e! or!er &! &o$ $o "#+e pe$#$#o& "or cer$#orr# #& $he CA. &

14, =003 /he R/C -r&$e! $he mo$#o& &! #ssue! r#$ o" possess#o& &! $he Sher#""

#mp+eme&$e! $he r#$ &! p+ce! pe$#$#o&er #& possess#o& o" $he proper$. & Sep$ember 4,

=003, S?R% "#+e! Comp+#&$ -#&s$ );C &! $he


25/44

Cour$, h! +#m#$e! @ur#s!#c$#o&I #$ h! &o @ur#s!#c$#o& $o reso+ve $he #ssues o& $he v+#!#$ o"

$he !ee! o" ss#-&me&$ &! $he +e-+#$ o" respo&!e&$ A:u#&oEs re!emp$#o& o" $he proper$, s

e++ s #$s o&ersh#p. &+ $he R/C #& $he eerc#se o" #$s -e&er+ @ur#s!#c$#o& #& C#v#+ Cse

No. 1=765 (here pe$#$#o&er ss#+e! $he !ee! o" ss#-&me&$ &! $he Cer$#"#c$e o"

Re!emp$#o& eecu$e! b $he


26/44

#mp+#es such cpr#c#ous &! h#ms#c+ eerc#se o" @u!-me&$ s #s e:u#v+e&$ $o +c' o"

@ur#s!#c$#o& or, #& o$her or!s, here $he poer #s eerc#se! #& & rb#$rr m&&er b reso&

o" pss#o&, pre@u!#ce, or perso&+ hos$#+#$, &! #$ mus$ be so p$e&$ or -ross s $o mou&$ $o

& evs#o& o" pos#$#ve !u$ or $o v#r$u+ re"us+ $o per"orm $he !u$ e&@o#&e! or $o c$ $

++ #& co&$emp+$#o& o" +. ere buse o" !#scre$#o& #s &o$ e&ou-h. oreover, pr$ #s

e&$#$+e! $o r#$ o" cer$#orr# o&+ #" $here #s &o ppe+ &or & p+#&, spee! or !e:u$e

re+#e" #& $he or!#&r course o" +.

/he r#so& !Ee$re "or $he ru+e #s $h$ he& cour$ eerc#ses #$s @ur#s!#c$#o&, & error

comm#$$e! h#+e so e&--e! !oes &o$ !epr#ve #$ o" $he @ur#s!#c$#o& be#&- eerc#se! he& $he

error s comm#$$e!. " #$ !#!, ever error comm#$$e! b cour$ ou+! !epr#ve #$ o" #$s

@ur#s!#c$#o& &! ever erro&eous @u!-me&$ ou+! be vo#! @u!-me&$. & such s#$u$#o&, $he

!m#s$r$#o& o" @us$#ce ou+! &o$ surv#ve. e&ce, here $he #ssue or :ues$#o& #&vo+ve!

""ec$s $he #s!om or +e-+ sou&!&ess o" $he !ec#s#o& Q &o$ $he @ur#s!#c$#o& o" $he cour$ $o

re&!er s#! !ec#s#o& Q $he sme #s beo&! $he prov#&ce o" spec#+ c#v#+ c$#o& "or cer$#orr#.

%-. Peoplevs. Almendras

G.R. No. 145915

Apr#+ =4, =003

)ACS*

Respo&!e&$ spouses A+me&!rs ere rres$e! b $he )N) NARC o" C+mb, 2-u& "or

se++#&- OShbuP $ $he ou&$#& M#e Resor$ Res$ur&$ #& )&so+ be$ee& $he hours o" $hree

$o s# #& $he mor&- o" Ju&e 18, 1998. /he prosecu$#o& res$e! #$s cse &! recep$#o& o"

!e"e&se ev#!e&ce s $he& se$ "or "or 1=, 13, &! 17, 1999.

& 10, 1999, !e"e&se cou&se+ move "or +eve $o o$#o& "or ;emurrer $o v#!e&ce &!

$he !m#ss#o& o" s#! ;emurrer #$h +$er&$#ve prer "or b#+. /he $r#+ cour$ !ee! $he

;emurrer $o v#!e&ce &! ru+e! $h$ h$ #s m$er#+ #& prosecu$#o& "or s+e o" & #++e-+

!ru- #s proo" $h$ bo$h $he mr'e! mo&e &! $he shbu ere prese&$e! #& ope& cour$.

/he !e"e&se $he& "#+e! )e$#$#o& "or Cer$#orr#, )roh#b#$#o& &! &!mus #$h )re+#m#&r

&@u&c$#o& be"ore $he Cour$ o" Appe+s ++e-#&- $h$ $he $r#+ cour$ -rve+ buse! #$s @u!#c#+

!#sre$#o& #& !e&- $he#r !emurrer $o ev#!e&ce &! $he#r prer "or b#+.

& rch =0, =000, !e"e&se cou&se+ move! $o suspe&! procee!#&-s o" $he $r#+ cour$ pe&!#&-

$he "#&+ !#spos#$#o& b $he Cour$ o" Appe+s o& $he#r )e$#$#o& "or Cer$#orr#, )roh#b#$#o&, &!

&!mus.

/he $r#+ cour$ resume! &! promu+-$e! #$s @u!-me&$ "#&!#&- ppe++&$s -u#+$ beo&!

reso&b+e !oub$ &! se&$e&ce! $o !e$h.

(SS+E*

he$her $r#+ cour$ erre! #& procee!#&- $o reso+ve $he cse #$hou$ #$#&- $he reso+u$#o& o"

CA #& $he ppe++&$Es pe$#$#o& "or cer$#orr#

26


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HE,D*

/he cse "or Cer$#orr#, )roh#b#$#o& &! &!mus #$h )re+#m#&r &@u&c$#o&, h#ch s

"#+e! b $he !e"e&se cou&se+ #$h $he CA $o ss#+ $he $r#+ cour$Es !e+ o" $he#r !emurrer $o

ev#!e&ce, !#! &o$ #&$errup$ $he course o" $he pr#&c#p+ c$#o& &or $he ru&&- o" $he

re-+eme&$r per#o!s #&vo+ve! #& $he procee!#&-s.

Se$$+e! #s $he ru+e $h$ $o rres$ $he course o" $he pr#&c#p+ c$#o& !ur#&- $he pe&!e&c o"

cer$#orr# procee!#&-s, $here mus$ be res$r#&- or!er or r#$ o" pre+#m#&r #&@u&c$#o&

"rom $he ppe++$e cour$ !#rec$e! $o $he +oer cour$. /here s &o&e #& $he #&s$&$ cse.

Cse rem&!e! $o $he $r#+ cour$ "or recep$#o& o" !e"e&se ev#!e&ce.

%1. an'o )ilipinovs. Court o0 Appeals

G.R. No. 13=703

Ju&e =3, =000

)ACS*

%&co ?#+#p#&o ?#+#p#&o h! reche! $he ++ob+e +#m#$ #& br&ch s#$e ho+!#&-s bu$

co&$emp+$e! "ur$her ep&s#o& o" #$s oper$#o&s &! Co&se:ue&$+, #$ u&+o!e! some o" #$s

ho+!#&-s $o /+ Re+$. %&co ?#+#p#&o $here"$er +ese! $he sme br&ch s#$es "rom /+

Re+$ h#ch s co&ce#ve! &! or->e! prec#se+ s $r&s"eree corpor$#o& b $he m@or

s$oc'ho+!er o" %&co ?#+#p#&o. A"$er $he #ssu&ce o" $he Secur#$#es &! ch&-e

Comm#ss#o& (SC $o /+ Re+$s cer$#"#c$e o" re-#s$r$#o&, $he bor! o" !#rec$ors o" %&co

?#+#p#&o u$hor#>e! &e-o$#$#o&s "or $he s+e o" some o" #$s br&ch s#$es, $hrou-h %or!

Reso+u$#o& #$h o$her &umerous re+ proper$#es o&e! b $he "ormer be#&- $re$e! $he sme

$o $he +$$er.

/he #&s$&$ cse or#-#&$e! "rom $he s+e b %&co ?#+#p#&o $o /+ Re+$ o" "our (4 +o$s #&

+o#+o C#$, covere! &! !escr#be! #& $he "oreme&$#o&e! /C/ Nos. 6==73 &! 6==74, "or $o

m#++#o& o&e hu&!re! $e& $hous&! pesos ()=,110,000.00 /+ Re+$ $he& +ese! $hem bc'

$o %&co ?#+#p#&o "or mo&$h+ re&$+ o" $e&$ o&e $hous&! pesos ()=1,000.00 "or

per#o! o" $e&$ (=0 ers &! re&eb+e "or &o$her $e&$ (=0 ers. /he +ese co&$rc$s

o" $he o$her br&ch s#$es so+! $o /+ Re+$ hve subs$&$#++ s#m#+r $erms &! co&!#$#o&s,

ecep$ "or $he mou&$ o" $he re&$.

/+ Re+$ !em&!e! pme&$ o" #&crese! re&$+s, !epos#$s &! -oo!#++ "rom %&co

?#+#p#&o, #$h $hre$ o" e@ec$me&$ #& cse o" "#+ure $o comp+ $here$o. ;ue $o %&co

?#+#p#&os "#+ure $o comp+ #$h /+ Re+$s $erms, $he +$$er crr#e! ou$ #$s $hre$ b "#+#&-

&umerous e@ec$me&$ su#$s -#&s$ %&co ?#+#p#&o /h#s promp$e! %&co ?#+#p#&o $o "#+e, o&

Au-us$ 16, 1995, & c$#o& "or recover o" re+ proper$#es be"ore $he Re-#o&+ /r#+ Cour$ o"

+o#+o, %r&ch =8, o& $he -rou&! o" brech o" $rus$.

/he cour$ re&!ere! @u!-me&$ #& "vor o" /+ Re+$ $o #$I

27


28/44

A $horou-h &! cre"u+ perus+ s m!e b $he u&!ers#-&e! )res#!#&- Ju!-e o" $he

r-ume&$s o" oppos#&- cou&se+s, ve&$#+$e! #& $he#r respec$#ve memor&!. ppos#&-

cou&se+s c#$e! $he per$#&e&$ Supreme Cour$ C#rcu+rs, prov#s#o&s o" $he Ru+es o" Cour$ &!

re+$e! ;ec#s#o&s o" $he Supreme Cour$ #& suppor$ o" $he#r r-ume&$s.

A"$er e#-h#&- $he "ore-o#&-, $h#s Cour$ #s o" $he op#o& &! so ho+!s $h$ $he co&$e&$#o& o"

$he !e"e&!&$s #& $he#r mo$#o&s $o !#sm#ss, e$c., #s mer#$or#ous.

here"ore, #& v#e o" $he "ore-o#&-, $he !e"e&!&$s sepr$e mo$#o&s $o !#sm#ss re hereb

-r&$e! /here"ore, +e$ $h#s cse be, s #$ #s hereb ;#sm#sse!.

S R;R;.

/he $r#+ cour$ !ee! %&co ?#+#p#&os mo$#o& "or reco&s#!er$#o&. %&co ?#+#p#&o rece#ve!

cop o" s#! or!er o" !e+ Ju+ 5, 1996 bu$ #&s$e! o" "#+#&- & ppe+, #$ "#+e!, o& Ju+ =4,

1996, pe$#$#o& "or cer$#orr# u&!er Ru+e 65 be"ore $he Cour$ o" Appe+s $he Cour$ o" Appe+s

!#sm#sse! %&co ?#+#p#&os pe$#$#o& o& $he -rou&!, mo&- o$hers, $h$ $he pHe$#$#o&ers

recourse $o Ru+e 65 o" $he Rev#se! Ru+es o" Cour$ #s p$e&$+ m+propos. %&co ?#+#p#&os

"#+ure $o ppe+ b r#$ o" error #$h#& $he re-+eme&$r per#o! &! #$s be+$e! recourse $o

pe$#$#o& "or cer$#orr# u&!er Ru+e 65 s #&$erpre$e! b $he Cour$ o" Appe+s s !esper$e

$$emp$ b %&co ?#+#p#&o $o resurrec$ h$ s o$her#se +re! +os$ ppe+.

(SS+E*

he$her or &o$ $he CA -rve+ buse! #$s !#scre$#o& #& "#+#&- $o correc$ b cer$#orr# $he

!#sm#ss+ or!er b $he R/C &! $h$ respo&!e&$ cour$ -rve+ erre! #& ru+#&- $h$ r#$ o"

error shou+! be $he proper reme! #&s$e! o" pe$#$#o& "or cer$#orr# u&!er ru+e 65

HE,D*

%&co ?#+#p#&os proper reme! "rom $he !verse reso+u$#o&s o" $he Cour$ o" Appe+s #s &

or!#&r ppe+ $o $h#s Cour$ v# pe$#$#o& "or rev#e u&!er Ru+e 45 &! &o$ pe$#$#o&

"or cer$#orr# u&!er Ru+e 65 A pe$#$#o& "or cer$#orr# u&!er Ru+e 65 #s proper #" $r#bu&+,

bor! or o""#cer eerc#s#&- @u!#c#+ or :us#


29/44

Appe+s e""ec$#ve+ "orec+ose! #$s r#-h$ $o resor$ $o pe$#$#o& "or cer$#orr#. /h#s Cour$ hs

o"$e& e&ou-h rem#&!e! members o" $he be&ch &! br $h$ spec#+ c#v#+ c$#o&

"or cer$#orr# u&!er Ru+e 65 +#es o&+ he& $here #s &o ppe+ &or p+#&, spee! &! !e:u$e

reme! #& $he or!#&r course o" +. Cer$#orr# #s &o$ ++oe! he& pr$ $o cse "#+s $o

ppe+ @u!-me&$ !esp#$e $he v#+b#+#$ o" $h$ reme!. /he reme!#es o" ppe+

&! cer$#orr# re mu$u++ ec+us#ve &! &o$ +$er&$#ve or success#ve.

Cer$#orr# c&&o$ be use! s subs$#$u$e "or $he +pse! or +os$ reme! o" ppe+. %&co

?#+#p#&os recourse $o spec#+ c#v#+ c$#o& "or cer$#orr#s bor&e &o$ ou$ o" $he co&v#c$#o&

$h$ -rve buse o" !#scre$#o& $$e&!e! $he reso+u$#o& o" #$s pe$#$#o& be"ore $he Cour$ o"

Appe+s bu$ s#mp+ becuse o" #$s "#+ure $o "#+e $#me+ ppe+ $o $h#s Cour$.

$ #s $rue $h$ $h#s Cour$ m $re$ pe$#$#o& "or cer$#orr# s hv#&- bee& "#+e! u&!er Ru+e 45

$o serve $he h#-her #&$eres$ o" @us$#ce, bu$ &o$ he& $he pe$#$#o& #s "#+e! e++ beo&! $he

re-+eme&$r per#o! "or "#+#&- pe$#$#o& "or rev#e &! #$hou$ o""er#&- & reso& $here"ore.

%&co ?#+#p#&o "rom $he or!er o" $he R/C, #$ "#+e! #$s pe$#$#o& "or cer$#orr# some "our$ee&

(14 !s "$er $he +pse o" $he re-+eme&$r per#o! $o ppe+ $o $he Cour$ o" Appe+s.

2#'e#se, he& #$ "#+e! #$s pe$#$#o& "or cer$#orr# be"ore $h#s Cour$, "or$ "#ve (45 !s hve

+re! psse! s#&ce $he e&! o" $he "#"$ee& (15 ! re-+eme&$r per#o! "or "#+#&- & ppe+

$o $he Supreme Cour$.

Co&com#$&$ $o +#ber+ pp+#c$#o& o" $he ru+es o" proce!ure shou+! be & e""or$ o& $he pr$

o" $he pr$ #&vo'#&- +#ber+#$ $o $ +es$ ep+#& #$s "#+ure $o comp+ #$h $he ru+es. /here

mus$ be ecep$#o&+ c#rcums$&ces $o @us$#" $he re+$#o& o" $he ru+es, e c&&o$ "#&! &

such ecep$#o&+ c#rcums$&ces #& $h#s cse &! &e#$her hs %&co ?#+#p#&o e&!evore! $o

prove $he e#s$e&ce o" &. A&o$her e+eme&$r ru+e o" proce!ure pp+#es &! $h$ #s $he

!oc$r#&e $h$ per"ec$#o& o" & ppe+ #$h#& $he re-+eme&$r per#o! #s &o$ o&+ m&!$or

bu$ +so @ur#s!#c$#o&+ so $h$ "#+ure $o !o so re&!ers $he :ues$#o&e! !ec#s#o& "#&+ &!

eecu$or, &! !epr#ves $he ppe++$e cour$ o" @ur#s!#c$#o& $o +$er $he "#&+ @u!-me&$, much

+ess $o e&$er$#& $he ppe+

%4. )eli2 +y Chua vs.Court o0 Appeals

G.R. No. 1=1438

c$ober =3, =000

)ACS*

Some$#me #& Ju+ 1984, prob$e cour$ ++oe! $he s+e o" $he +o$ +oc$e! #& Cebu "or

)=00,000.00 $o $he spouses &r#:ue>. 2$er, $he spouses &! A#!, $he he#r o" $he !ece!e&$,

-ree! $o resc#&! $he s#! s+e. & J&ur 1988, $he prob$e cour$ -#& #ssue! & or!er

++o#&- $he re spouses. & Apr#+ 1991, ;ee! o" Abso+u$e S+e $hereo" s

eecu$e! #& "vor o" So"# S&che>, here#& pr#v$e respo&!e&$, "or )1,000,000.00 pb+e

29


30/44

#$h !o& pme&$ o" )500,000.00 &! $he b+&ce $o be p#! "$er $he +o$ s c+ere! o"

s:u$$ers.

& Ju+ 1991, &$erve&or S-rr#o ore+os, "#+e! mo$#o& "or reco&s#!er$#o& oppos#&- $he

s+e ++e-#&- $h$ $he s+e s pre@u!#c#+ $o $he m#&or he#rs o" he !ece!e&$. e c+#me! $h$

$he +o$ cou+! be so+! "or )1.5 m#++#o& pesos. Ju!-e Abr:ue> he+! co&"ere&ce #& chmbers

$$e&!e! b A#! &! her cou&se+ A$$. Rec$o !e ;#os, A$$. Ro!o+"o . ore+os, cou&se+ o"

S-rr#o ore+os, &! A$$. ?e!er#co Cb#+o, &o$her #&$erve&or ho represe&$e!

u&!#sc+ose! c+#e&$s #&$eres$e! $o purchse $he +&!. ;ur#&- $he co&"ere&ce, A$$. Cb#+o

reve+e! $h$ he o""ere! )= m#++#o& pesos "or $he +o$ #$h $he se++er u&!er$'#&- $he ev#c$#o&

o" $he prese&$ occup&$s, or )1.5 m#++#o& #$h $he buer shou+!er#&- $he epe&ses $o c+er $he

+o$ o" #$s prese&$ occup&$s. A#! ob@ec$e! $o A$$. Cb#+os s$$eme&$. She ep+#&e! $h$ $he

+$$ers o""er s m!e o&+ "$er $he s+e $o S&che> s +re! pprove! b $he cour$.

& Au-us$ 1991 A$$. Cb#+o, o& #&s$ruc$#o&s o" Ju!-e Abr:ue>, "#+e! h#s )ropos+ $o

)urchse $he )roper$. & her comme&$ &! oppos#$#o& $o $he propos+ o" A$$. Cb#+o, A#!

or! s#! $h$ $he cour$s or!er pprov#&- $he s+e $o So"# S&che> h! +re! become

"#&+ &! eecu$or, &! $h$ she h! bou-h$ $he +&! "rom $he !m#s$r$r# #& -oo! "#$h

&! "or v+ue. She !!e! $h$ she shou+! &o$ su""er h$ever m#ss$eps ere comm#$$e! b $he

!m#s$r$r#.

& November 1991, Ju!-e Abr:ue> #ssue! & or!er revo'#&- h#s pprov+ o" $he s+e &!

!ec+re! vo#! &! #$hou$ e""ec$ $he !ee! o" bso+u$e s+e he h! er+#er pprove! o& $he

bs#s $h$ $he A!m#s$r$r# !e+#ber$e+ co&ce+e! "rom $he Cour$ $he "c$ $h$ S&che> h!

e$e&!e! $o her +o& o" )300,000.00 be"ore $he eecu$#o& o" $he ;ee! o" S+e &! $h$ $he

s#! mou&$ s +re! !e!uc$e! b S&che> "rom $he !o& pme&$ o" )500,000.00 here

$he proce!ure @o#&$+ resor$e! $o b $he A!m#s$r$r# &! b S&che> s $&$mou&$ $o

"orec+osure o" $he#r +oose mor$--e -reeme&$, proce!ure $h$ #s &o$ ++oe! $o $'e p+ce

#& prob$e cour$.

A+mos$ #mme!#$e+ "$er h#s or!er, Ju!-e Abr:ue> +so pprove! $he propos+ o" A$$.

Cb#+o $o purchse $he proper$ "or )1.5 m#++#o&.

& J&ur 199=, S&che> "#+e! mo$#o& "or reco&s#!er$#o& &! m!e cou&$er


31/44

S&che> "#+e! pe$#$#o& "or cer$#orr# be"ore $he Cour$ o" Appe+s ++e-#&- $h$ respo&!e&$

Ju!-es Abr:ue> &! A+#o&ce o" $he pe$#$#o&. )e$#$#o&ers m#sre! $he pp+#cb+e +, Ru+es &!

prece!e&$s.

A spec#+ c#v#+ c$#o& "or cer$#orr# ch++e&-#&- $he R/C #$h -rve buse o" !#scre$#o& m

be #&s$#$u$e! e#$her #& $he Cour$ o" Appe+s or $he Supreme Cour$. %o$h hve or#-#&+

co&curre&$ @ur#s!#c$#o&. Cer$#orr# #s & e$ror!#&r reme! v#+b+e o&+ he& $here #s &o

ppe+, &or & p+#&, spee! or !e:u$e reme! #& $he or!#&r course o" +. h#+e

or!#&r#+, cer$#orr# #s u&v#+#&- here $he ppe+ per#o! hs +pse!, $here re ecep$#o&s.

Amo&- $hem re ( he& pub+#c e+"re &! $he !v&ceme&$ o" pub+#c po+#c !#c$$esI (b

he& $he bro!er #&$eres$ o" @us$#ce so re:u#resI (c he& $he r#$s #ssue! re &u++ &! vo#!I

(! or when the &uestioned order a"ounts to an oppressive e'ercise of judicial authorit!. As

er+ s Crisosto"o vs. (ndencia, e he+!B

. . . /he reme! b cer$#orr# m be success"u++ #&vo'e! bo$h #& cses here#& &

ppe+ !oes &o$ +#e &! #& $hose here#& $he r#-h$ $o ppe+ hv#&- bee& +os$ #$h or

#$hou$ $he ppe++&$s &e-+#-e&ce, $he cour$ hs &o @ur#s!#c$#o& $o #ssue $he or!er or

!ec#s#o& h#ch #s $he sub@ec$ m$$er o" $he reme!.

/he :ues$#o&e! or!ers o" $he prob$e cour$ &u++#"#&- $he s+e $o S&che> "$er #$ pprove! $he

s+e &! "$er #$s or!er o" pprov+ h! become "#&+ &! eecu$or mou&$ $o oppress#ve

eerc#se o" @u!#c#+ u$hor#$, -rve buse o" !#scre$#o& mou&$#&- $o +c' o" @ur#s!#c$#o&.

%3. Celsa P. A'una vs. Dep. Ombudsman 0or ,u=on

G.R. No. 14469=

J&ur 31, =005

31


32/44

)ACS*

A cer$#& r+#&! bu$, $echer o" A&-e+es C#$ N$#o&+ /r!e Schoo+ (ACN/S

re:ues$e! !#+o-ue #$h pr#v$e respo&!e&$ )scu, ACN/S o""#cer


33/44

cses such s $he prese&$ cse. /he reme! o" & --r#eve! pr$ #& cr#m#&+ comp+#&$s

be"ore $he mbu!sm& #s $o "#+e #$h $h#s Cour$ pe$#$#o& "or cer$#orr# u&!er Ru+e 65.

)e$#$#o&er prec#se+ v#+e! o" such reme! he& she "#+e! $h#s pe$#$#o& "or certiorariu&!er

Ru+e 65 ++e-#&- $h$ pub+#c respo&!e&$ -rve+ buse! h#s !#scre$#o& #& !#sm#ss#&- her

comp+#&$ -#&s$ pr#v$e respo&!e&$s. *&!er Sec$#o& 4 o" Ru+e 65, s me&!e!, pe$#$#o&er

h! 60 !s "rom her rece#p$ o" $he 19 Ju&e =000 r!er #$h#& h#ch $o "#+e $h#s pe$#$#o&.

)e$#$#o&er rece#ve! cop o" $he 19 Ju&e =000 r!er o& 13 Ju+ =000. /hus, pe$#$#o&er h!

u&$#+ 11 Sep$ember =000 #$h#& h#ch $o "#+e $h#s pe$#$#o&. )e$#$#o&er !#! so o& 11 Au-us$

=000. e&ce, pe$#$#o&er "#+e! $h#s pe$#$#o& o& $#me.

%7. Angel 5ardinvs. N,RC

G.R. No. 119=68

?ebrur =3, =000

)ACS*

)e$#$#o&ers ere !r#vers o" pr#v$e respo&!e&$, )h#+@m &$er&$#o&+ &c., e&--e! #& $he

oper$#o& o" Goo!m& /# ho ere p#! u&!er $he bou&!r ss$em. /he er&e! &

ver-e o" )400.00 !#+. Respo&!e&$ !m#$$e!+ !e!uc$s o& re-u+r bs#s s#! !#+

er&-s )30.00 suppose!+ "or $he sh#&- o" $he $# u$s.

%e+#ev#&- $h$ $he !e!uc$#o& #s #++e-+, pe$#$#o&ers !ec#!e! $o "orm +bor uo& $o pro$ec$

$he#r r#-h$s &! #&$eres$s. *po& +er&- bou$ $he p+& o" pe$#$#o&ers, pr#v$e respo&!e&$

re"use! $o +e$ pe$#$#o&ers !r#ve $he#r $#cbs. A--r#eve!, pe$#$#o&ers "#+e! #$h $he +bor

rb#$er comp+#&$ -#&s$ pr#v$e respo&!e&$ "or u&"#r +bor prc$#ce, #++e-+ !#sm#ss+ &!

#++e-+ !e!uc$#o& o" sh#&- "ees.

/he +bor rb#$er !#sm#sse! s#! comp+#&$ "or +c' o" mer#$. + +#brr

& ppe+, pub+#c respo&!e&$ N2RC reverse! &! se$ s#!e $he @u!-me&$ o" $he +bor rb#$er.

$ !ec+re! $h$ pe$#$#o&ers re emp+oees o" pr#v$e respo&!e&$, &!, s such, $he#r !#sm#ss+

mus$ be "or @us$ cuse &! "$er !ue process.

)r#v$e respo&!e&$Es "#rs$ mo$#o& "or reco&s#!er$#o& s !ee!. /he "#+e! &o$her mo$#o&

"or reco&s#!er$#o& &! $h#s $#me, pub+#c respo&!e&$, -r&$e! $he sme ru+#&- $h$ #$ +c's@ur#s!#c$#o& over $he cse s pe$#$#o&ers &! pr#v$e respo&!e&$ hve &o emp+oer


34/44

(SS+E*

he$her pub+#c respo&!e&$ -rve+ buse! #$s !#scre$#o& #& $'#&- co->&ce &! -r&$#&-

pr#v$e respo&!e&$Es seco&! mo$#o& "or reco&s#!er$#o&

HE,D*

es. )ub+#c respo&!e&$ -rve+ buse! #$s !#scre$#o& #& $'#&- co->&ce &! -r&$#&-

pr#v$e respo&!e&$s seco&! mo$#o& "or reco&s#!er$#o& s #$ rec's $he or!er+ proce!ure #&

see'#&- re+#e"s #& +bor cses.

/he phrse -rve buse o" !#scre$#o& mou&$#&- $o +c' or ecess o" @ur#s!#c$#o& hs se$$+e!

me&- #& $he @ur#spru!e&ce o" proce!ure. $ me&s such cpr#c#ous &! h#ms#c+ eerc#se

o" @u!-me&$ b $he $r#bu&+ eerc#s#&- @u!#c#+ or :us#


35/44

)ub+#c respo&!e&$ c&&o$ @us$ !#sre-r! #$s o& ru+es o& $he pre$e$ o" s$#s"#&- $he e&!s o"

@us$#ce espec#++ he& #$s !#spos#$#o& o" +e-+ co&$rovers r& "ou+ #$h c+er &! +o&-

s$&!#&- @ur#spru!e&ce s e+uc#!$e! #& $he subse:ue&$ !#scuss#o&. C+er+, !#sre-r!#&-

se$$+e! +e-+ !oc$r#&e e&u&c#$e! b $he Cour$ #s &o$ o" rec$#"#&- & error or m#s$'e.

)ub+#c respo&!e&$ -rve+ buse! #$s !#scre$#o& #& $'#&- co->&ce &! -r&$#&- pr#v$e

respo&!e&$s seco&! mo$#o& "or reco&s#!er$#o& s #$ rec's $he or!er+ proce!ure #& see'#&-

re+#e"s #& +bor cses.

/he Cour$ +so ru+e! $h$ $he re+$#o&sh#p o" $he pr$#es #s more o" +eseho+! or o&e $h$ #s

covere! b chr$er -reeme&$ u&!er $he C#v#+ Co!e r$her $h& $he 2bor Co!e.

$ +so &o$e! $h$ "$er $our o" !u$, #$ #s #&cumbe&$ upo& $he !r#ver $o res$ore $he u$ he hs

!r#ve& $o $he sme c+e& co&!#$#o& he& he $oo' #$ ou$. Cr sh#&- "$er $our o" !u$ #s

#&!ee! prc$#ce #& $he $# #&!us$r &! #s #& "c$ !#c$$e! b "#r p+. e&ce, $he !r#vers

re &o$ e&$#$+e! $o re#mburseme&$ o" sh#&- chr-es.

/he Cour$ -r&$e! $he pe$#$#o&. $ hoever, !#rec$e! $he pr#v$e respo&!e&$ $o re#&s$$e

pe$#$#o&ers $o $he#r pos#$#o&s he+! $ $he $#me o" $he comp+#&e! !#sm#ss+ &! s or!ere! $o

p pe$#$#o&ers $he#r "u++ bc'-es.

%8. Romy>s )rieght Seri'evs. Castro

G.R. No. 141637

Ju&e 8, =006

)ACS*

)r#v$e respo&!e&$ Cs$ro &! Me+or# ere h#re! b pe$#$#o&er s mechc &!s

crpe&$er , respec$#ve+. Cs$ro su""ere! s$ro'e h#+e Me+or# su""ere! & cc#!e&$ he&

$heoverhe$e! $er com#&- "rom $he r!#$or o" cr he s rep#r#&- spur$e! o&$o h#s "ce,

bur&- #$. %o$h rece#ve!sho cuse +e$$ersre:u#r#&- $hem $o ep+#& h $he shou+! &o$ be

!#sc#p+#&e!. )e$#$#o&er"#+e! comp+#&$s "or es$" &! :u+#"#e! $he"$ -#&s$ Cs$ro

&!chr-e! Me+or#"or :u+#"#e! $he"$ o" $he m#ss#&- $oo+s.%ecuse o" pe$#$#o&erEs c$s -#&s$

$hem, bo$h @o#&e! #& "#+#&- cse "or #++e-+ co&s$ruc$#ve !#sm#ss+ -#&s$ pe$#$#o&er.

?or #$s pr$, pe$#$#o&er !ee! $h$ pr#v$e respo&!e&$s ere !#sm#sse! "rom $he#r

emp+ome&$, sser$#&- $h$ pr#v$e respo&!e&$s b&!o&e! $he#r or'. ecu$#ve 2bor

Arb#$er Jesse+#$o2$o@ ru+e! $h$ pe$#$#o&er s -u#+$ o" #++e-+ !#sm#ss+ &! or!ere! #$ $o

p pr#v$e respo&!e&$s $he $o$+ mou&$ o" )35=,944.90, represe&$#&- 13$h mo&$h p,

bc'-es, sepr$#o& p, prem#um p "or or' re&!ere! o& res$ !s &! ho+#!s, &!

$$or&eEs "ees. )r#v$e respo&!e&$s move! "or $he c+r#"#c$#o& o" $he !ec#s#o&, spec#"#c++

o& $he r! o" bc'-es #& $he#r "vor. h#+e $he !ec#s#o& !#scusse! $he#r e&$#$+eme&$ $o

bc'-es, #$ s &o$ #&c+u!e! #& $he compu$$#o& o" $he @u!-me&$ r! #& $he !#spos#$#ve

por$#o& o" $he !ec#s#o&. /he +bor rb#$er, #& h#s or!er, reco->e! h#s #&!ver$e&ce &!

35


36/44

-r&$e! $he mo$#o&. e me&!e! $he !ec#s#o& &! #&crese! $he r! $o )985,5=9.=0 $o

#&c+u!e bc'-es.

)e$#$#o&er ppe+e! $o $he N2RC h#ch, #& #$s !ec#s#o&, reverse! &! se$ s#!e $he +bor

rb#$erEs ru+#&-. $ "ou&! pr#v$e respo&!e&$s -u#+$ o" b&!o&me&$ o" or' &! !#sm#sse!

$he#r comp+#&$ "or #++e-+ !#sm#ss+ -#&s$ pe$#$#o&er.

A--r#eve!, pr#v$e respo&!e&$s "#+e! pe$#$#o& "or cer$#orr# u&!er Ru+e 65 o" $he Ru+es o"

Cour$ #$h $he Cour$ o" Appe+s (CA. /he scr#be! -rve buse o" !#scre$#o& mou&$#&- $o

+c' or ecess o" @ur#s!#c$#o& o& $he pr$ o" $he N2RC "or &o$ "#&!#&- $h$ $he ere

co&s$ruc$#ve+ !#sm#sse! b pe$#$#o&er.

/he ppe++$e cour$ -r&$e! $he pe$#$#o&. $ ru+e! $h$, s#&ce $he "#&!#&-s o" $he +bor rb#$er

ere suppor$e! b subs$&$#+ ev#!e&ce, #$ shou+! be respec$e! b ppe++$e $r#bu&+s.

)e$#$#o&er "#+e! $o overcome $he bur!e& o" prov#&- $he e#s$e&ce o" @us$ cuse "or !#sm#ss#&-

pr#v$e respo&!e&$s, he&ce, #$ s -u#+$ o" #++e-+ !#sm#ss+.

/he CA he+! $h$ $he respo&!e&$sE "#+ure $o repor$ "or or' s "or @us$#"#b+e reso&s &!

$h$ $he h! &o #&$e&$#o& $o sever $he#r emp+ome&$. As co&se:ue&ce, $he CA reverse! &!

se$ s#!e $he !ec#s#o& o" $he N2RC.

)e$#$#o&er move! "or $he reco&s#!er$#o& o" $he ppe++$e cour$Es !ec#s#o& bu$ $he sme s

!ee!. e&ce, $h#s pe$#$#o&.

(SS+E*

he$her $he CA #s correc$ $h$ $he pe$#$#o& "or cer$#orr# o" pr#v$e respo&!e&$s shou+! hve

bee& !#sm#sse! ou$r#-h$ "or "#+ure $o "#+e mo$#o& "or reco&s#!er$#o& #$h $he N2RC be"ore

"#+#&- $he pe$#$#o& "or cer$#orr# #$h $he CA

HE,D*

es. SC ""#rme! $he CA !ec#s#o&. As -e&er+ ru+e, mo$#o& "or reco&s#!er$#o& #s &ee!e!

be"ore pe$#$#o& "or cer$#orr# u&!er Ru+e 65 c& be resor$e! $o.oever, $here re e++

reco->e! ecep$#o&s $o $h#s ru+e. )r#v$e respo&!e&$sE pe$#$#o& "or cer$#orr# be"ore $he CA

s covere! b $he ecep$#o&s.

/he #ssue r#se! #& $he cer$#orr# procee!#&- be"ore $he ppe++$e cour$, #.e., he$her pr#v$e

respo&!e&$s ere co&s$ruc$#ve+ !#sm#sse! #$hou$ @us$ cuse, s +so $he ver sme #ssue

r#se! be"ore $he N2RC &! reso+ve! b #$. oreover, $he emp+oer


37/44

/he so+e ob@ec$ o" $he r#$ #s $o correc$ errors o" @ur#s!#c$#o& or -rve buse o" !#scre$#o&. /he

phrse -rve buse o" !#scre$#o&E hs prec#se me&- #& +, !e&o$#&- buse o" !#scre$#o&

$oo p$e&$ &! -ross s $o mou&$ $o & evs#o& o" pos#$#ve !u$, or v#r$u+ re"us+ $o

per"orm $he !u$ e&@o#&e! or c$ #& co&$emp+$#o& o" +, or here $he poer #s eerc#se! #&

& rb#$rr &! !espo$#c m&&er b reso& o" pss#o& &! perso&+ hos$#+#$. $ !oes &o$

e&compss & error o" +. Nor !oes #$ #&c+u!e m#s$'e #& $he pprec#$#o& o" $he

co&$e&!#&- pr$#esE respec$#ve ev#!e&ce or $he ev+u$#o& o" $he#r re+$#ve e#-h$.

/he so+e o""#ce o" r#$ o" cer$#orr# #s $he correc$#o& o" errors o" @ur#s!#c$#o& #&c+u!#&- $he

comm#ss#o& o" -rve buse o" !#scre$#o& mou&$#&- $o +c' o" @ur#s!#c$#o&, &! !oes &o$

#&c+u!e $he rev#e o" pub+#c respo&!e&$Es ev+u$#o& o" $he ev#!e&ce &! $he "c$u+ "#&!#&-s

bse! $hereo&./here"ore, $he prese&$ pe$#$#o& "or cer$#orr# "#+s #&so"r s #$ :ues$#o&s $he

""#rm$#o& b $he CA o" $he "c$u+ "#&!#&- o" $he +bor rb#$er $h$ pr#v$e respo&!e&$s ere

#++e-++ !#sm#sse!, e&$#$+#&- $hem $o & r! o" bc'-es, u&p#! be&e"#$s, sepr$#o& p

&! $$or&eEs "ees.

%9. arra=onavs. RC aguio City

G.R. No. 154=8=

Apr#+ 7, =006

)ACS*

S&o&, pe$#$#o&er, hs bee& +es#&-

por$#o&s o" $he bu#+!#&- #!e&$#"#e! s *$s =03 A &! % $ $he seco&! "+oor. /he per#o! o" $he

+ese #s "or $o (= ers, comme&c#&- Ju+ 15, =001 &! e&!#&- Ju&e 30, =003. /he mo&$h+

re&$+ #s )400.00 per s:ure me$er "or *$ =03 A &! )500.00 per s:ure me$er "or *$ =03

%.

S$r$#&- Au-us$ =001, pe$#$#o&er !e"u+$e! #& $he pme&$ o" $he mo&$h+ re&$+s &! "#+e! $o

p !esp#$e !em&!s b respo&!e&$. /hus, o& 14, =00=, respo&!e&$ "#+e! #$h $he R/C,

%r&ch 61, %-u#o C#$, Comp+#&$ "or Co++ec$#o& o" Sum o" o&e #$h ;m-es.

& Ju&e 3, =00=, pe$#$#o&er "#+e! #$h $he R/C o$#o& $o ;#sm#ss o& $he -rou&!, mo&-

o$hers, $h$ $he R/C hs &o @ur#s!#c$#o& over $he comp+#&$ co&s#!er#&- $h$ $he ++e-$#o&s

$here#& c+er+ #&!#c$e $h$ $he c$#o& #s o&e "or e@ec$me&$ (#++e-+ !e$#&er h#ch #s u&!er

$he ec+us#ve @ur#s!#c$#o& o" $he uc#p+ /r#+ Cour$ (/C.

/he R/C !ee! $he o$#o& $o ;#sm#ss "or +c' o" mer#$.%rro>, pe$#$#o&er, "#+e! $he #&s$&$

)e$#$#o& "or Cer$#orr# ++e-#&- $h$B (1 $he R/C comm#$$e! -rve buse o" !#scre$#o&

mou&$#&- $o +c' or ecess o" @ur#s!#c$#o& #& !e&- her o$#o& $o ;#sm#ssI &! (= $he

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Reso+u$#o& !e&- her o$#o& $o ;#sm#ss #s u&co&s$#$u$#o&+ s #$ !oes &o$ s$$e #$s +e-+

bs#s.

& $he o$her h&!, respo&!e&$ R/C %-u#o C#$, #& pr#&- "or $he !#sm#ss+ o" $he pe$#$#o&,

co&$e&!s $h$ (1 $he comp+#&$ #s "or $he co++ec$#o& o" u&p#! re&$+s s $here #s bso+u$e+ &o

++e-$#o& $h$ #$s #&$e&$ #s $o e@ec$ pe$#$#o&er "rom $he prem#sesI (= pe$#$#o&er shou+! hve

"#rs$ "#+e! mo$#o& "or reco&s#!er$#o& be"ore resor$#&- $o $he e$ror!#&r su#$ o" cer$#orr#I

&! (3 $he ss#+e! or!er !e&- pe$#$#o&ers mo$#o& $o !#sm#ss #s #&$er+ocu$or &!,

$here"ore, c&&o$ be $he sub@ec$ o" pe$#$#o& "or cer$#orr#.

(SS+E*

he$her o$#o& "or reco&s#!er$#o& shou+! hve bee& "#+e! pr#or $o "#+#&- cer$#orr#

he$her !e+ o" mo$#o& $o !#sm#ss h#ch #s & #&$er+ocu$or or!er be sub@ec$ o" pe$#$#o&

"or cer$#orr#

HE,D*

S. h#+e $he comp+#&$ #s cp$#o&e! Co++ec$#o& o" Sum o" o&e #$h ;m-es, $he

++e-$#o&s $here#& sho $h$ respo&!e&$s c$#o& #s "or e@ec$me&$. A++ e@ec$me&$ cses re

#$h#& $he @ur#s!#c$#o& o" $he /C. e&ce, $he R/C o" %-u#o hs &o @ur#s!#c$#o& over $he

cse.

h#+e & or!er !e&- mo$#o& $o !#sm#ss #s #&$er+ocu$or &! &o& ppe++b+e, hoever, #"

$he !e+ #s #$hou$ or #& ecess o" @ur#s!#c$#o&, cer$#orr# &! proh#b#$#o& re proper

reme!#es "rom such or!er o" !e+.

& /#me, &c. v. Rees, $h#s Cour$, spe'#&- $hrou-h Jus$#ce J.%. 2. Rees, he+!B /he mo$#o&

$o !#sm#ss s pre!#c$e! o& $he respo&!e&$ cour$s +c' o" @ur#s!#c$#o& $o e&$er$#& $he c$#o&I

&! $he ru+#&-s o" $h#s Cour$ re $h$ r#$s o" cer$#orr# or proh#b#$#o&, or bo$h, m #ssue #&

cse o" !e+ or !e"erme&$ o" & c$#o& or o& $he bs#s o" mo$#o& $o !#sm#ss "or +c' o"

@ur#s!#c$#o&.

Mer#+, $he r#$ o" cer$#orr# #s -r&$e! $o 'eep & #&"er#or cour$ #$h#& $he bou&!s o" #$s

@ur#s!#c$#o& or $o preve&$ #$ "rom comm#$$#&- such -rve buse o" !#scre$#o& mou&$#&- $o

+c' or ecess o" @ur#s!#c$#o&.

S. /he Supreme Cour$ c&&o$ -o +o&- #$h respo&!e&$s co&$e&$#o& $h$ pe$#$#o&er shou+!

hve "#rs$ "#+e! mo$#o& "or reco&s#!er$#o& be"ore resor$#&- $o $he reme! o" cer$#orr#.

h#+e $he ru+e #s $h$ be"ore cer$#orr# m be v#+e! o", pe$#$#o&er mus$ "#rs$ "#+e mo$#o&

"or reco&s#!er$#o& #$h $he +oer cour$ o" $he c$ or or!er comp+#&e! o", hoever, such ru+e

#s &o$ #$hou$ ecep$#o&.

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/he SC hve, #& sever+ #&s$&ces, !#spe&se! #$h $he "#+#&- o" mo$#o& "or reco&s#!er$#o&

o" +oer cour$Es ru+#&-, such sB

1. here $he procee!#&-s #& h#ch $he error occurre! #s p$e&$ &u++#$I

=. here $he :ues$#o& #s pure+ o" +I

3. he& pub+#c #&$eres$ #s #&vo+ve!I

4. here @u!#c#+ #&$erve&$#o& #s ur-e&$ or #$s pp+#c$#o& m cuse -re$ &! #rreprb+e

!m-eI &!

5. here $he cour$ :uo hs &o @ur#s!#c$#o&, s #& $h#s cse

%:. ,onginovs. General

G.R. No. 147956

?ebrur 16, =005

)ACS*

& rch 1, 1988, $he )h#+#pp#&e N$#o&+ R#+s ()NR eecu$e! Co&$rc$ o" 2ese No.

103=0 #& "vor o" Ju+#& s$re++ over #$s proper$ +oc$e! #& )o+o, M+e&>ue+, %u+c&. /he

+ese -reeme&$ s "or per#o! o" $o ers up $o rch 1, 1990. A+$hou-h s$re++ h!

u&p#! re&$+s o& $he #$#+ -reeme&$, $he co&$rc$ o" +ese s re&ee! u&$#+ ;ecember 31,

199=. s$re++ co&s$ruc$e! h#s house o& $he proper$.

& Apr#+ 6, 199=, s$re++ "#+e! & pp+#c$#o& #$h $he )NR "or +ese o" & !!#$#o&+ 848

s:ure me$ers #$h $he #&$e&$#o& o" co&s$ruc$#&- 1=

$he s#! proper$. oever, $he )NR !#! &o$ c$ o& $he s#! pp+#c$#o&.

Some$#me #& November 199=, s$re++ &! +s Serr&o, o&er &! oper$or o" $he .M.%.

Co&s$ruc$#o& Supp+ e&$ere! #&$o verb+ co&$rc$ o" +ese #& h#ch o&e o" $he pr$me&$s,

h#ch ere s$#++ $o be co&s$ruc$e!, ou+! be +ese! $o Serr&o. oever, s$re++ "#+e! $o

co&s$ruc$ $he p+&&e! 1=

e&h#+e, Serr&os +ese co&$rc$ #$h $he o&er o" $he proper$ here she h! es$b+#she!

her bus#&ess h! ep#re!. She s compe++e! $o co&s$ruc$, $ her epe&se, o&e

commerc#+ pr$me&$ o& por$#o& o" $he proper$ +ese! b s$re++ "rom $he )NR. She &!

s$re++ +$er -ree! $h$ she ou+! co&s$ruc$ &o$her commerc#+ pr$me&$ bes#!e $he

e#s$#&- o&e, #$h $he +$$ers ssur&ce $h$ $he por$#o& o" $he proper$ #& h#ch $he seco&!

commerc#+ pr$me&$ ou+! be co&s$ruc$e! ou+! be +ese! $o her "or per#o! o" $e& (10

ers.

Serr&o cuse! $he co&s$ruc$#o& o" $he seco&! commerc#+ pr$me&$, bu$ s -hs$ $o

!#scover #& Sep$ember 1993 $h$, "$er $he ep#r$#o& o" s$re++s co&$rc$ #$h $he )NR #&

;ecember o" 199=, s$re++ &o +o&-er h! & e#s$#&- +ese co&$rc$ #$h $he )NR. orse,

)NR o""#c#+s $o+! her $h$ s$re++ h! &o r#-h$ $o +ese por$#o& o" #$s proper$ $o $h#r!

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perso&s, &! !v#se! her &o$ $o p & more re&$+s $o s$re++ "or $he proper$ occup#e! b

$he commerc#+ pr$me&$.

& J&ur 13, 1994, Serr&o "#+e! Comp+#&$ "or ;m-es -#&s$ s$re++. s$re++ s

!ec+re! #& !e"u+$. Serr&o !!uce! her ev#!e&ce e pr$e.

& rch 31, 1995, $he )NR &! Serr&o e&$ere! #&$o 2ese Co&$rc$ over $he por$#o& o"

$he sub@ec$ proper$ here Serr&os commerc#+ pr$me&$ bu#+!#&- s$oo!. /he e""ec$#v#$ o"

$he co&$rc$ s u&$#+ ;ecember 31, 1995.

& Sep$ember =8, 1995, $he cour$ re&!ere! @u!-me&$ #& "vor o" Serr&o &! -#&s$ s$re++.

& J&ur ==, 1996, $he )NR &! Serr&o eecu$e! 2ese Co&$rc$ over por$#o& o" $he

proper$ o" $he )NR.

e&h#+e, $he !ec#s#o& o" $he R/C #& C#v#+ Cse No. 4=87


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e&h#+e, o& J&ur 19, 1999, $he %or! o" ;#rec$ors o" $he )NR pprove! Reso+u$#o&

No. 99 2o&-#&o eecu$e! 2ese Co&$rc$ over

por$#o& o" #$s proper$ &er $he house o" Serr&o, "ormer+ o&e! b s$re++, #$h & re o"

146 s:ure me$ers, "or per#o! o" $hree mo&$hs up $o Apr#+ =6, 1999. A"$er secur#&- $he

re:u#s#$e bu#+!#&- perm#$s, 2o&-#&o $he& embr'e! $o co&s$ruc$ her bu#+!#&- o& $he proper$.

& ?ebrur =5, 1999 Serr&o "#+e! h&!r#$$e& Comp+#&$ -#&s$ 2o&-#&o, #$h $he

Comm#ss#o& o& Se$$+eme&$ o" 2&! )rob+ems (CS2A), !em&!#&- $h$ $he )NR +ese $he

proper$ $o her, &! $he ev#c$#o& o" 2o&-#&o "rom $he proper$ o& $he -rou&! $h$ she h!

pre"ere&$#+ r#-h$ $o +ese $he proper$. Serr&o ++e-e! $h$ $he house she h! purchse! $

pub+#c uc$#o& "rom s$re++ s +oc$e! o& $he s#! )NR proper$, &! $h$ 2o&-#&o

occup#e! $he proper$ o& her su""er&ce u&!er $he#r Au-us$ 4, 1998 -reeme&$. Serr&o

pre! $h$ she be !ec+re! e&$#$+e! $o +ese $he proper$ &! $h$ her pp+#c$#o& "or +ese

co&$rc$ over $he proper$ be pprove! b $he )NR. As pre! "or b Serr&o, $he CS2A)

#ssue!, o& ?ebrur =6, 1999, s$$us :uo or!er.

/he CS2A) op$e! $o ssume @ur#s!#c$#o& over $he comp+#&$ &! #ssue! summo&s o& $he

respo&!e&$. $ +so #ssue!, o& rch 4, 1999, & r!er !#rec$#&- $he Re+ s$$e ;epr$me&$

o" $he )NR $o #mp+eme&$ $he S$$us Kuo r!er. 2o&-#&os mo$#o& $o :ush $he cse o& $he

-rou&! o" +c' o" @ur#s!#c$#o& s !ee! b $he CS2A).

;esp#$e $he pe&!e&c o" $he cse, $he )NR &! 2o&-#&o eecu$e!, o& 5, 1999,

Co&$rc$ o" 2ese over $he proper$ $o ep#re o& Ju+ =6, 1999, revocb+e #$h#& "#"$ee& (15

!s #& $he eve&$ $h$ $he Nor$hes$ )ro@ec$ ou+! s$r$ #& $he re.

& Au-us$ 9, 1999, ;&$es me$ #$h Serr&o, #&"orm#&- her $h$ she cou+! re


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30, 1999 &! "#+e! $o ppe+ $he sme. &s$e!, o& J&ur 19, =000, she se&$ +e$$er $o $he

Ge&er+ &-er o" $he )NR, ur-#&- $he +$$er $o !#sre-r! $he reso+u$#o&recomme&!$#o& o"

$he CS2A) "or be#&- pr$#++ #rre-u+r. She rec++e! $he $es$#moes o" ;&$es &! o" $he

)NR cou&se+ be"ore $he CS2A) $h$ o&+ $he )NR h! $he r#-h$ $o !e$erm#&e ho s

e&$#$+e! $o +ese $he +&!, such !e$erm#&$#o& s revers#b+e o&+ b $he re-u+r cour$s.

& $he me&$#me, $he c$ober =7, 1999 2ese Co&$rc$ o" 2o&-#&o #$h $he )NR s &o$

re&ee! "$er #$s ep#r$#o&. & mo$#o& o" Serr&o, $he CS2A) #ssue! r#$ o" ecu$#o&

o& ?ebrur 8, =000. )er $he re:ues$ o" $he CS2A), $he R/C o" M+e&>ue+ #ssue! & r!er,

o& rch =, =000, or!er#&- $he Sher#"" $o #mp+eme&$ $he r#$ o" eecu$#o&. & rch 31,

=000, $he Sher#"" serve! &o$#ce o& 2o&-#&o $o vc$e $he proper$, bu$ she re"use!. /he

comp+#&&$ $he& "#+e! mo$#o& "or $he !emo+#$#o& o" $he s$ruc$ures co&s$ruc$e! b $he

respo&!e&$ o& $he proper$ pe&!e&$e +#$e, h#ch $he CS2A) -r&$e!. $ "or$h#$h #ssue! $he

r#$.

2o&-#&o "#+e! pe$#$#o& "or proh#b#$#o& -#&s$ $he CS2A) &! Serr&o #$h $he Cour$ o"

Appe+s (CA "or $he &u++#"#c$#o& o" $he ;ecember 16, 1999 Reso+u$#o& o" $he CS2A) &!

$he ?ebrur 8, =000 r#$ o" ;emo+#$#o& #ssue! b #$, #$h p+e "or #&@u&c$#ve re+#e".

2o&-#&o ++e-e! $h$ #& $'#&- co->&ce o" Serr&os comp+#&$, $he CS2A) c$e! #$hou$

@ur#s!#c$#o&I &!, he& #$ #ssue! $he s#! Reso+u$#o&s, #$h -rve buse o" #$s !#scre$#o&. She

verre! $h$ $he CS2A) h! &o @ur#s!#c$#o& $o rev#e $he +ese co&$rc$s e&$ere! #&$o

be$ee& her &! $he )NR. She co&$e&!e! $h$ she h! $he pre"ere&$#+ r#-h$ $o +ese $he

proper$.

& Apr#+ 17, =001, $he CA re&!ere! @u!-me&$ !#sm#ss#&- $he pe$#$#o&. /he ppe++$e cour$

he+! $h$ $he CS2A) h! @ur#s!#c$#o& over Serr&os comp+#&$ becuse #$ mere+

!e$erm#&e! ho h! $he pre"ere&$#+ r#-h$ over $he proper$ bu$ !#! &o$ rev#e $he +ese

co&$rc$ be$ee& $he )NR &! 2o&-#&o. /he CA +so ru+e! $h$ Serr&o h! $he pre"ere&$#+

r#-h$ over $he !#spu$e! +o$ &! $h$ $he ;ecember 16, 1999 Reso+u$#o& o" $he CS2A) h!

+re! become "#&+ &! eecu$or. e&ce, $he ppe++$e cour$ co&c+u!e! $h$ $he pe$#$#o& "or

proh#b#$#o& s moo$ &! c!em#c.

2o&-#&o, &o $he pe$#$#o&er, "#+e! $he #&s$&$ pe$#$#o& "or rev#e o& cer$#orr# "or $he revers+

o" $he !ec#s#o& o" $he CA.

(SS+E*

he$her $he pe$#$#o& "or proh#b#$#o& u&!er Ru+e 65 o" $he Ru+es o" Cour$ s $he proper

reme! o" $he pe$#$#o&er

HE,D*

/he pr#v$e respo&!e&$ vers $h$ $he reme! o" $he pe$#$#o&er "rom $he ;ecember 16, 1999

Reso+u$#o& o" $he CS2A) s $o ppe+, b o" pe$#$#o& "or rev#e, $o $he CA u&!er

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Ru+e 43 o" $he Ru+es o" Cour$, #&s$e! o" "#+#&- pe$#$#o& "or proh#b#$#o& u&!er Ru+e 65 o" $he

Ru+es o" Cour$, s me&!e!. /he pr#v$e respo&!e&$ vers $h$ s#&ce $he pe$#$#o&er op$e! &o$

$o ppe+ $he reso+u$#o& $o $he CA, she #s proscr#be! "rom "#+#&- pe$#$#o& "or proh#b#$#o&

u&!er Ru+e 65 o" $he Ru+es o" Cour$.

e re &o$ #& "u++ ccor! #$h $he pr#v$e respo&!e&$s co&$e&$#o&. /he pr#&c#p+ purpose "or

$he r#$ o" proh#b#$#o& #s $o preve&$ & e&crochme&$, ecess, usurp$#o& or ssump$#o& o"

@ur#s!#c$#o& o& $he pr$ o" & #&"er#or cour$ or :us#


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b $he respo&!e&$ sher#"". ?or &o$her reso&, $he +ese co&$rc$ o" $he pe$#$#o&er &! $he )NR

h! &o$ bee& re&ee! "$er #$s ep#r$#o& o& J&ur =6, =000. "es$+, $he pe$#$#o&er s

ob+#-e! $o vc$e $he proper$ &! remove her s$ruc$ures $hereo&. Never$he+ess, $he CA $oo'

co->&ce o" $he pe$#$#o& &! reso+ve! $he sme o& #$s mer#$s, prec#se+ becuse $he #ssues

r#se! $here#&, &me+, he$her $he CS2A) h! @ur#s!#c$#o& over $he comp+#&$ o" $he

pr#v$e respo&!e&$I &! he$her $he CS2A) ecee!e! #$s @ur#s!#c$#o& #& !ec+r#&- $he

pr#v$e respo&!e&$ $he +e-+ possessor o" $he proper$ &! o" hv#&- pr#or#$ #& +es#&- $he

sub@ec$ proper$ r#se! #& $he pe$#$#o&, ere subs$&$#+.

Christopher g. Halnin Case Digests No. 4

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Transcript of Christopher g. Halnin Case Digests No. 4