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Christianity, Islam, Judaism

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IslamTheism Strict monotheism

Ultimate Reality One God

Name of God Allah (arabic for god)

Clergy Imams

Other spiritual beings Angels, demons, jinn

Revered Humans Prophets, imams

Identity of Jesus True prophet of God, whose message has been corrupted

Birth of Jesus Virgin birth

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IslamDeath of Jesus Did not die, but ascended to

heaven during crucifixion

Resurrection of Jesus Denied

Second coming of Jesus Affirmed

Sacred text Qur’an

View of sacred text Inspired, literal word of God, inerrant (not liable to error) in original languages

Other written authority Hadith (based on Muhammad, tells how to live)

Human Nature Equal ability to do good or evil

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IslamMeans of salvation Correct belief, good deeds, Five Pillars

God’s role in salvation

Predestination

Good afterlife Eternal paradise

Bad afterlife Eternal hell

View of fellow Abrahamic religions

Jews and Christians are respected as ‘People of the Book,’ but they have wrong beliefs and only partial revelation.

Adherents called Muslims

Major concentration Middle East, Southeast Asia, USA, Africa

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IslamReligious Law ShariaHouse of worship

Mosque

Day of worship FridayChurch and state

integrated

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JudaismTheism Strict monotheismUltimate Reality One GodName of God Yahweh, ElohimClergy RabbisOther spiritual beings

Angels and demons

Revered Humans ProphetsIdentity of Jesus False Prophet

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JudaismBirth of Jesus Normal birth

Death of Jesus Death by crucifixion

Resurrection of Jesus

Denied

Second coming of Jesus

Denied

Divine Revelation Through prophets, recorded in the Bible

Sacred text Torah

View of sacred text Inspired, literal word of God, inerrant in original languages

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JudaismOther written authority

Talmud, Midrash, Responsa

Human Nature Two equal impulses, one good/one bad

Means of salvation Belief in God, good deeds

God’s role in salvation

Divine revelation and forgiveness

Good afterlife Views vary; either heaven or no afterlife

Bad afterlife Views vary; either eternal Gehenna (where the wicked get punished), reincarnation, or no afterlife.

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JudaismView of fellow Abrahamic religions

Islam and Christianity are false interpretations and extensions of Judaism.

Adherents called Jews

Major concentration Israel, Europe, USA

Religious Law Halakhah

House of worship Synagogue

Day of worship Saturday

Church and state Separate

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ChristianityTheism Trinitarian monotheism

Ultimate Reality One God

Name of God Yahweh, The Holy Trinity

Clergy Priests, preachers, ministers, bishops

Other spiritual beings Angels and demons

Revered Humans Saints, church fathers

Identity of Jesus Son of God, God incarnate, savior of the world, prophet, messiah

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ChristianityBirth of Jesus Virgin birth

Death of Jesus Death by crucifixion

Resurrection of Jesus Affirmed

Second coming of Jesus

Affirmed

Divine Revelation Through Prophets and Jesus (as God himself), recorded in Bible

Sacred text Holy Bible (Torah + New Testament)

View of sacred text Inspired, some believe inerrant in original language

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ChristianityOther written authority

Church fathers, church councils, papal decrees (Catholics)

Human Nature ‘original sin’ inherited from Adam, tendency towards evil

Means of salvation Correct belief, faith, good deeds, sacraments

God’s role in salvation

Predestination, various forms of grace

Good afterlife Eternal heaven

Bad afterlife Eternal hell, temporary purgatory

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ChristianityView of fellow Abrahamic religions

Judaism is a true religion, but with incomplete revelation. Islam is a false religion.

Adherents called Christians

Major concentration Europe, North/South America

Religious Law Canon Law

House of worship Church, chapel, cathedral

Day of worship Sunday

Church and state Separate