Christian Art - From Catacombs to Cathedral FINAL

8/3/2019 Christian Art - From Catacombs to Cathedral FINAL

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Presented By:Rogelio Sasam, Aiza Paris, and Gio Acuña

GROUP 3

CHRISTIAN ART:FROM CATACOMBS TO

CATHEDRAL



CHRISTIAN ART

Began Around 2nd Century

Images of Jesus and narrative scenes from the Life of

Christ are the most common subjects

Scenes from the Old and New Testament play a part

in the art of most denominations.



Divided into two periods:

1. Period of Persecution

2. Period of Recognition

EARLY CHRISTIAN ART



EARLY CHRISTIAN ARTThe Period of Persecution

The Good Shepherd in the Catacombs

of Saints Pietro and Marcellino

(1st Century)

Located at Catacomb di

Priscilla Rome

Symbolizes Christian faith and

eternity

In the central circle which

Jesus is shown as the Good

Shepherd

Depicting the scenes from theOld Testament story of

³Jonah and The Whale´



EARLY CHRISTIAN ARTThe Period of Recognition

Old St. Peter¶s Cathedral326 CE

Rome, Italy

Built in time of Constantine

Place on top of the land of Catacombs

Became the BLUEPRINT for

most Christian cathedrals

Decorated lavishly with inlaid

marble and mosaics

Took 30yrs. to complete



BYZANTINE ART

Byzantine comes from the town of

ancient Byzantium, the site of

Constantine¶s capital, Constantinople.

The Art called ³Byzantine´ was

produced after the early Christian era in

Byzantium



BYZANTINE ART

San Vitale, Ravenna

Church of San Vitale, Ravenna

526-547 CE

Designed as a central plan

church.

Has an octagonal perimeter.



Justinian andAttendants

(547 CE)

Frieze like horizontal band that

communicates unity. Heads represent as points in a

single line.

These Characteristic contrast

strongly with the CLASSICISMof early Christian art.

BYZANTINE ART



Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus

of Miletus

Hagia Sophia, Constantinople

532-537 CE

served at one time or other in its history

as an Eastern Orthodox church

An Islamic mosque and a museum.

The dome is about 108 feet across and

arises almost 180 feet above the church

floor.

Pendentives is a four triangular surface to support the dome

on a square base.

BYZANTINE ART



St. Marks, Venice

(1063 CE)

The central plan, called a Greek

cross plan, was used in this

cathedral

BYZANTINE ART



EARLY MEDIEVAL ART

- The medieval art of the Western world covers a vast scope

of time and place, over 1000 years of art.

- It includes major art movements and periods, national and

regional art, genres, revivals, the artists crafts, and the artists

themselves.



EARLY MEDIEVAL ART

Lindisfarne Gospels

700 CE an illuminated Latin manuscript of the

gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John

in the British Library.

Depicts a stylized cross inscribe

meandering multicolored scrolls.

Surrounding the cross are repetitive linear

patterns that can be decoded as fantastic,

intertwined snakes devouring themselves



EARLY MEDIEVAL ARTCarolingian Art

The Palatine Chapel of

Charlemagne

792-805 CE

Established by Charlemagne (Charles

The Great)

Has an ambulatory and octagonal Dome

Polygonal perimeter



EARLY MEDIEVAL ARTOttonian Art

When Charlemagne died three German emperors, each named Otto, who

succeeded one another in what now is called Ottonian period.

In many respects their reigns symbolizes an extension of Carolingan

ideals, including the architectural and artistic styles that denominate

Charlemagne¶s Era




Abbey Church of St. Michael

1001-1031 CE

Hildesheim, Germany

The most architectural achievement of

this period

It is a double-choir basilica with twotransepts and a square tower at each

crossing. The west choir is emphasized

by an ambulatory and a crypt.

The painted wooden ceiling (around

1230) is most famous of the Church's

interior. It shows the genealogical tree of Jesus Christ.




The Coronation Gospel(Gospel Book of Charlemagne)

800-810 CE

Characteristics:

Matthew who have written the first gospel

Represented as a educated Roman writediligently at work

Has an attitude of calm, pensive and

deliberate

The Halo surrounding his head suggest his

sacred identity




The Ebbo Gospel(Gospel Book Archbishop Ebbo of

Reims)

826-835 CE

Characteristics:

Ebbo¶s evangelist scroll in hand, rashesto jot down every word being uttered by

an angel of God hovering in the upper

right corner.

Seems to be feverishly trying to keep-up

His brow is furrowed and his hands and

feet cramp under the strain of the task




Saint Matthew and the Angel1535

He leans back from yhe manuscript into

the darkness where an angel whispers to

him

Figures at the background that Matthew

has stolen away to a hidden chamber to

seek divine inspiration




SculptureAdam and Eve Reproached by the Lord

1025 CE

A panel from the bronze doors of St.

Mary¶s Cathedral Hildesheim

God points his finger accusingly at the pathetic figures of Adam and Eve

Adam and eve tries to deflect the blame

Adam points to Eve and Eve gesture

towards to Satan, who is in the guise of

a fantastic dragon-like animal crouchedin the ground

God is shown as the merciless judge,

bewaring of his wrath



ROMANESQUE ART

Appeared in the closing decades of 1000CE

Roman architectural style

Vigorous style in both sculpture and painting



ROMANESQUE ARTArchitecture

In Romanesque Cathedral the exterior forms

reflecting the interior spaces

Spaciousness and fireproofing of the criteria of

the building




Church of St. SerninToulouse, France

Around 1080-1120 CE

Has 5 radiating chapels

Fireproof (Replacing wooden

roofs to cut stones)

Has a tall narrow spire

From flat wooden vault to barrel

vault

Lack of light




Church of St. EtienneCaen, France

1067-1087 CE

Instead of application of Barrel Vault they use

Rib Vaults

The abbey is constructed of µCaen stone¶, alight creamy-yellow Jurassic limestone

Has a Clerestory Ceiling



ROMANESQUE ARTSculpture

Freestanding sculpture was use around upper

portion of the portals or door called Tympanum



ROMANESQUE ARTSculpture

Tympanum of St. Lazare Cathedral W eighing of Souls Freestanding sculpture was use

around upper portion of the

portals or door called

Tympanum Details of the Last Judgment day

Scenes and symbols of

reminders fate in afterlife

Made by Gislebertus a French sculptor



ROMANESQUE ARTManuscript Illumination

Manuscript is a handwritten book or simply an authorsoriginal handwritten text

Illumination is clarifying some event in the time of

Christ

Use of gold and silver to make the art bright when

perceived by light

Border and text is use




The Annunciation of the

sheperds, fromthe lectionary

of Henry II

Located at Munich, Germany Golden background similar to

mosaics

Made up of Gold Foil and

pigments



Bayeux Tapestry

1073-1083 CE

Tapestry means embroidered

hangings which the design is woven

into the cloth

The main points of this tapestry is

the quest of Harold, The comet, and

Battle of Hastings





Hildegard of BingenVi sion of the Ball F i re

12th Century CE

A detailed patterned orb floats in the center of a

rectangular frame. It¶s central symbols are

surrounded by a field of star-flowers spreadingoutward toward a wreath of flames. Here and

there can spot demons spewing forth fire.

The neatness of the execution bears similarity to

the great fine needlepoint and embroidery

techniques



Art and Architecture of the twelfth and thirteenth

centuries is called Gothic.

Goths were ³barbarians´

GOTHIC ART



The Gothic style of architecture began in

1140 with the construction of the choir of St. Denis near Paris.

GOTHIC ARTArchitecture



Laon CathedralLaon, France

Interior View

A series arches, or triforium, was addedabove the tribune gallery to piece.




The Façade of Laon Cathedral isDivided into three levels.

A large rose window in the center


Laon CathedralLaon, France

Exterior View



Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris ( begun

1163 CE, completed

1250 CE).

One of the most famous building in the history of

architecture.

mixture of old and new

elements.

Use of flying buttressesto support the nave walls.




Chartres Cathedral

Chartres, France

( Begun 1134 CE )

The first High

Gothic church




Gothic Architecture outside

France

Florence Cathedral( Begun 1368 CE)

It is the cathedral church of

Florence, Italy.

The Italians, preserved the mural

quality of the structures.

There are no Flying Buttresses.




Jamb figures, west portals,

charters Cathedral

( 1140-1150 CE)

The Sculpture during the

Gothic Period shows a change

of condition from that of the

Romanesque.

Either religious figures or

secular or ecclesiastical

leaders.

GOTHIC ARTSculpture



Jamb Figure, west portals,

Reims Cathedral

( begun 1210 CE)

The detail of the central portal

of the Façade illustrates twogroups of figures

GOTHIC ARTSculpture

Christian Art - From Catacombs to Cathedral FINAL

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