Chpt 1 Test- pg #30 Microscope Lab #1 –pg 38 Epithelial Tissue Matching- Pg 40 Case Vignette:...
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Transcript of Chpt 1 Test- pg #30 Microscope Lab #1 –pg 38 Epithelial Tissue Matching- Pg 40 Case Vignette:...
• Chpt 1 Test- pg #30• Microscope Lab #1 –pg 38• Epithelial Tissue Matching- Pg 40• Case Vignette: Brutus – Pg 41• Simple Epithelial Micro Lab- Pg 42• Stratified Epithelial Micro Lab – pg 43• Notebook Check-pg 44• Label pg 45 “Epithelial Tissue Quiz”
• NO LOOSE PAPERS!!!!!!
Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 47
Topic: Ch. 5 Connective Tissue
Essential Question:Describe the general characteristics and functions of Connective tissue. Make a tree map of the three major cell types (on top of pg 46)
Don’t forget to add it to your T.O.Contents!
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Ch. 5 Connective Tissue
Describe the general characteristics and functions of Connective tissue. Make a tree map of the three major cell types
Connective Tissues: Comprise much of the body and are the most abundant type of tissue
Bind structures provide support and protection fill spaces store fat produce blood cells protect against infection help repair tissue damage
* Farther apart than epithelial tissue• C.T. has an extracellular matrix between tissue
cells. This matrix consists of fibers and a ground substance whose consistency varies from fluid to semisolid to solid
• Can usually divide and in most cases have a good blood supply and are well nourished
• Bone/cartilage- rigid
• Loose C.T. such as areolar, adipose, and dense C.T.- flexible
Connective Tissue: Major Cell Types• The fibroblast is the most common
kind of fixed cell in CT. – Produce fibers by secreting protein.
Stay in C.T. for extended periods of time
Macrophages originate as white blood cells. Usually attached to fibers, can detach and move. Scavenger cells.
Mast cells are large and widely distributed. Located near blood vessels.
Release heparin to prevent blood clotting and histamine to promote reactions to asthma and hay fever.
5.1 Clinical Application Questions
• What did scientists find when they looked beyond the collagens in the matrix?
• What is the basement membrane composed of?
• What happens if the balance of the components of the ECM are off?
• Name and explain one of the three diseases that can result.
Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 49
Topic: Ch. 5 Connective Tissue
Essential Question:1. Differentiate between
loose connective tissue and dense tissue.
2. Distinguish between reticular and elastic connective tissue.
Don’t forget to add it to your T.O.Contents!
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
Ch. 5 Categories of Connective Tissue
1. Differentiate between loose connective tissue and dense tissue.
2. Distinguish between reticular and elastic connective tissue.
Connective Tissue: Fibers1. Collagenous fibers are thick strands
of collagen, which is the major structural protein of the body. Appear white.
flexible, can resist force
Ex: ligaments and tendons
2. Elastic fibers are bundles of microfibrils embedded in elastin (a protein). Appear yellow. Can be stretched and deformed and will resume their shape
Weaker than collagenous fibers but more elastic.
Found in vocal cords and air passages. (Where elasticity is needed).
Categories of Connective Tissue• Loose connective tissue (areolar) forms delicate,
thin membranes throughout the body. Cells are mainly widely scattered fibroblasts
separated by a gel-like ground substance that contains many collagenous and elastic fibers.
Binds skin to underlying organs and fills spaces between muscles. Also beneath epithelium.
Figure 05.18
Figure 05.18a
Loose (areolar) Connective Tissue
• Adipose (fat) tissue Certain cells within CT store fat within their cytoplasm.
Lies beneath the skin, between muscles, around the kidneys, in the abdomen, and around the heart.
Cushions joints and some organs. Insulates beneath the skin.
Figure 05.19
Figure 05.19a
Adipose (fat) Connective Tissue
• Reticular CT is composed of thin, collagenous fibers.
Supports the walls of the liver, spleen, and lymphatic organs.
Figure 05.20
Figure 05.20b
Figure 05.20a
Reticular Connective Tissue
• Dense CT consists of closely packed, thick, collagenous fibers that can withstand pulling forces. Blood supply poor
Make up Tendons and ligaments
Figure 05.21
Dense Connective Tissue
• Elastic CT consists mainly of yellow, elastic fibers.
Found in attachments between vertebrae and within the walls of the heart, larger arteries, and the larger airways.
Figure 05.22
Figure 05.22b
Elastic Connective Tissue
• Cartilage is a rigid connective tissue. Largely composed of collagenous fibers in a gel-like ground substance.
Support, frameworks, attachments, protects underlying tissue, forms structural models for many developing bones.
Cartilage cells (chondrocytes) occupy chambers called lucunae.
Cartilage lacks a direct blood supply.
Connective TissueCategories
• Hyaline cartilage is the most common type of cartilage. Ends of bones, in the nose, and in respiratory passages.
An embryo’s skeleton begin as hyaline cartilage “models” that bone replaces.
Connective TissueCategories
• Elastic cartilage is very flexible. Contains many elastic fibers.
Ears and parts of the larynx.
Connective TissueCategories
• Fibrocartilage is very tough. Contains many collagenous fibers. Acts as a shock absorber.
Intervertebral disks.
Connective TissueCategories
• Bone is the most rigid connective tissue. Hardness is due to mineral salts (calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate). Also contains a large amount of collagen for toughness.
Bone supports, forms blood cells, and protects.
Bone matrix is deposited by osteocytes (bone cells), which form concentric patterns called an osteon.
Connective TissueCategories
• Blood is composed of cells suspended in a fluid called blood plasma.
Cells are red blood cells, white blood cells, and cellular fragments called platelets.
RBCs transport gases. WBCs fight infection. Platelets are involved in blood clotting.
38
Connective TissuesGeneral characteristics -
• most abundant tissue type• many functions
• bind structures• provide support and protection• serve as frameworks• fill spaces• store fat• produce blood cells• protect against infections• help repair tissue damage
• have a matrix• have varying degrees of vascularity• have cells that usually divide
39
Connective Tissue Major Cell Types
Fibroblasts• fixed cell• most common cell • large, star-shaped• produce fibers
Macrophages• wandering cell• phagocytic• important in injury
or infection
Mast cells• fixed cell• release heparin• release histamine
40
Connective Tissue Fibers
Collagenous fibers• thick• composed of collagen• great tensile strength • abundant in dense CT• hold structures together• tendons, ligaments
Elastic fibers• bundles of
microfibrils embedded in elastin
• fibers branch• elastic• vocal cords, air
passagesReticular fibers
• very thin collagenous fibers• highly branched• form supportive networks
41
Connective Tissues
Connective tissue proper• loose connective tissue• adipose tissue• reticular connective tissue• dense connective tissue• elastic connective tissue
Specialized connective tissue• cartilage• bone• blood
42
Connective Tissues
Loose connective tissue• mainly fibroblasts• fluid to gel-like matrix• collagenous fibers• elastic fibers• bind skin to structures• beneath most epithelia• blood vessels nourish
nearby epithelial cells• between muscles
Adipose tissue• adipocytes• cushions• insulates• store fats• beneath skin• behind eyeballs• around kidneys and heart
43
Connective Tissues
Reticular connective tissue• composed of reticular fibers• supports internal organ walls• walls of liver, spleen,
lymphatic organs
Dense connective tissue• packed collagenous fibers• elastic fibers• few fibroblasts• bind body parts together• tendons, ligaments, dermis• poor blood supply
44
Connective Tissues
Elastic connective tissue• abundant in elastic fibers• some collagenous fibers• fibroblasts• attachments between bones• walls of large arteries, airways, heart
Bone (Osseous Tissue)• solid matrix• supports• protects• forms blood cells• attachment for muscles• skeleton• osteocytes in lacunae
45
Connective Tissues
Cartilage• rigid matrix• chondrocytes in lacunae• poor blood supply• three types
• hyaline• elastic• fibrocartilage
Hyaline cartilage• most abundant• ends of bones• nose, respiratory passages• embryonic skeleton
Elastic cartilage• flexible• external ear, larynx
Fibrocartilage• very tough• shock absorber• intervertebral discs• pads of knee and pelvic girdle
46
Connective Tissues
Three types of cartilage
Hyaline Cartilage Elastic Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
47
Connective Tissues
Blood• fluid matrix called plasma• red blood cells• white blood cells• platelets• transports• defends• involved in clotting• throughout body in blood
vessels• heart