CHP 3-3 Phase Changes - Physical Science Leilehua

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2/2/15 1 Chp 3.3 Phase Changes Pg. 8491 Characteris6cs of Phase Changes When at least two states of a substance are present, each state is described as a phase Phase change a reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of maCer to another Mel6ng, freezing, vaporiza6on, condensa6on, sublima6on, and deposi6on are six common phase changes. Temperature and Phase Changes The temperature of a substance does not change during a phase change it remains the same un6l the phase change is complete The temperature at which a substance freezes (freezing point) is iden6cal to the temperature at which it melts (mel6ng point) Energy and Phase Changes During a phase change energy is transferred between a substance and its surroundings Energy is either absorbed or released during a phase change Temperature and kine6c energy are directly related As temperature increases the kine6c energy of the par6cles increase Energy and Phase Changes The amount of energy absorbed depends on the substance One gram of water absorbs 334 Joules of energy as it melts = its heat of fusion The heat of fusion or heat of “mel6ng” Varies from substance to substance Phase Changes that REQUIRE Energy (Endothermic) 1.Melting 2.Vaporization 3.Sublimation

Transcript of CHP 3-3 Phase Changes - Physical Science Leilehua

Page 1: CHP 3-3 Phase Changes - Physical Science Leilehua

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Chp  3.3  -­‐  Phase  Changes  

Pg.  84-­‐91  

Characteris6cs  of  Phase  Changes  •  When  at  least  two  states  of  a  substance  are  present,  each  state  is  described  as  a  phase  

•  Phase  change-­‐  a  reversible  physical  change  that  occurs  when  a  substance  changes  from  one  state  of  maCer  to  another  

•  Mel6ng,  freezing,  vaporiza6on,  condensa6on,  sublima6on,  and  deposi6on  are  six  common  phase  changes.  

Temperature  and  Phase  Changes  •  The  temperature  of  a  substance  does  not  change  during  a  phase  change  it  remains  the  same  un6l  the  phase  change  is  complete  – The  temperature  at  which  a  substance  freezes  (freezing  point)  is  iden6cal  to  the  temperature  at  which  it  melts  (mel6ng  point)  

Energy  and  Phase  Changes  •  During  a  phase  change  energy  is  transferred  between  a  substance  and  its  surroundings  

•  Energy  is  either  absorbed  or  released  during  a  phase  change  

•  Temperature  and  kine6c  energy  are  directly  related  – As  temperature  increases  the  kine6c  energy  of  the  par6cles  increase  

Energy  and  Phase  Changes  

•  The  amount  of  energy  absorbed  depends  on  the  substance  – One  gram  of  water  absorbs  334  Joules  of  energy  as  it  melts  =  its  heat  of  fusion  

•  The  heat  of  fusion  or  heat  of  “mel6ng”  – Varies  from  substance  to  substance  

Phase Changes that REQUIRE Energy (Endothermic)

1. Melting 2. Vaporization 3. Sublimation

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Mel6ng  •  The  arrangement  of  molecules  in  water  becomes  less  orderly  as  water  melts  and  more  orderly  as  water  freezes  

•  Phase  change  in  which  a  substance  changes  from  a  solid  to  a  liquid  

•  Mel6ng  –  Heat  flows  from  air  to  ice  –  Ice  gains  energy  and  molecules  vibrate  un6l  they  gain  enough  energy  to  overcome  the  aCrac6ons  and  move  away  

– When  all  can  move  mel6ng  is  complete  

Vaporiza6on  •  Vaporiza6on  -­‐  the  phase  change  in  which  a  substance  changes  from  a  liquid  to  a  gas  

•  Vaporiza6on  is  an  endothermic  process  – A  substance  must  absorb  energy  in  order  to  change  from  a  liquid  to  a  gas  

Vaporiza6on    •  Evapora6on  

–   takes  place  at  the  surface  of  a  liquid    

–  The  process  that  changes  a  substance  from  a  liquid  to  a  gas  at  temperatures  below  the  substance’s  boiling  point  

•  Water  evaporates  and  vapor  collects  above  the  liquid  in  a  closed  container  –  Vapor  Pressure  -­‐  caused  by  collisions  of  the  vapor  and  the  walls  of  the  container  

–  increases  as  the  temperature  increases  

Boiling  •  Is  when  the  vapor  pressure  and  atmospheric  pressure  become  equal  the  water  boils.  Occurs  throughout  the  liquid  

•  Heat  a  pot  of  water,  As  temperature  increases  water  molecules  move  faster  and  faster  – When  it  reaches  100  degrees  Celsius  some  molecules  below  the  surface  overcome  the  aCrac6on  forces  and  form  bubbles  of  water  vapor  

– When  the  bubbles  reach  the  surface  they  pop  and  release  water  vapor  into  the  air  

Sublima6on    

A phase change in which a substance changes from a solid to a gas or vapor

•  Endothermic •  Example is dry ice

Goes from solid carbon dioxide to a gas The gas causes water vapor to condense and that’s how it forms clouds or fog

Phase Changes that RELEASE Energy

(Exothermic)

1. Freezing 2. Condensation 3. Deposition

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Freezing  •  Freezing  –  change  from  a  liquid  to  a  solid  –  Energy  flows  from  the  water  to  the  air  in  a  freezer  and  the  water  cools  down  

–  As  kine6c  energy  of  molecules  decrease,  the  move  more  slowly  

–  ACrac6ons  between  molecule  take  effect  

– When  all  molecules  have  been  drawn  into  orderly  arrangement  freezing  is  complete  

Condensa6on  •  Condensa6on  -­‐  the  phase  change  in  which  a  substance  changes  from  a  gas  or  vapor  to  a  liquid  

•  An  exothermic  process  •  Responsible  for  the  morning  dew  on  grass  and  the  “cloudy”  mirror  a_er  you  take  a  shower.  

Deposi6on  

•  Deposi6on  -­‐  phase  change  in  which  a  gas  or  vapor  changes  directly  into  a  solid  without  first  becoming  a  liquid  – Exothermic  – Opposite  of  sublima6on  – Causes  frost  on  cold  window  glass  

The  End