Chorus Product Consultation Paper Product Roadmap V1
Transcript of Chorus Product Consultation Paper Product Roadmap V1
Product Consultation Paper - Product Roadmap
February 2019 Chorus Confidential Page 1
© Copyright Chorus 2019
Chorus Product
Consultation Paper
Product Roadmap V1
The purpose of this document is to solicit ideas, feedback and recommended priorities for Chorus products going forward.
Publication Date: 27 February 2019
Document Number: 1.0
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February 2019 Chorus Confidential Page 2
© Copyright Chorus 2019
Document Control Document Authorities
Document Details Name Title
Document Owner Peter Coleman Lead Product Development Manager
Author(s) Peter Coleman Lead Product Development Manager
Contributor Matt Harris Jana Kodali
Lead Product Manager
Product Manager
Content Stakeholder Martin Sharrock
Richard Cowsill
Head of Network Technology
Head of Business Technology
Legal Review Carl Allwood Assistant General Council
Approval to publish Date Name Approval By
Approver Ed Hyde, Chief Customer Officer
Version History This table shows a record of significant changes to the document.
Version Date Author Description
0.1 08.10.2018 Peter Coleman Initial draft
0.2 17.01.2019 Peter Coleman Updated version
0.3 5.02.2019 Peter Coleman Updated following internal feedback
1.0 27.02.2019 Peter Coleman Release version
Document Review
This document will be subject to periodic review. It is the responsibility of the Document Owner to initiate and control the review process.
The next update will include feedback from the consultation process
Copyright
Copyright © 2019 Chorus New Zealand Ltd
All rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of Chorus New Zealand Limited.
This document is the property of Chorus New Zealand Limited and may not be copied without consent.
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Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 4
1.1. OBJECTIVES OF THIS CONSULTATION DOCUMENT ........................................................................................... 4 1.2. INTENDED AUDIENCE ............................................................................................................................. 4 1.3. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.4. EXCLUSIONS ....................................................................................................................................... 4 1.5. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER DOCUMENTS ........................................................................................................ 5
2. CHORUS LAYER 2 FIBRE PRODUCTS .................................................................................................... 6 2.1. CHORUS’ FIBRE ROLLOUT STATUS .............................................................................................................. 6 2.2. CURRENT UFB LAYER 2 PRODUCT SUITE ...................................................................................................... 6 2.3. LAYER 2 AND RELATED PRODUCTS FOR 2020+ .............................................................................................. 7 2.4. THE CHORUS PRODUCT ROADMAP .............................................................................................................. 7
3. CHORUS LAYER 2 FIBRE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT ROADMAP ................................................................. 8 3.1. OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................................................... 8 3.2. LAYER 2 ROADMAP IDEAS ....................................................................................................................... 8
3.2.1. Top ideas .................................................................................................................................. 10 3.2.2. Next tranche ............................................................................................................................. 12 3.2.3. Other ideas ............................................................................................................................... 14
3.3. LAYER 2 PRODUCTS AND SUPPORT SYSTEM DOMAINS ..................................................................................... 20 4. THE CHORUS PRODUCT SUITE AND LAYER 2 UNBUNDLING ................................................................. 22
4.1. NETWORK SLICING.............................................................................................................................. 22 4.2. SDN AND NFV .................................................................................................................................. 22
4.2.1. Software Defined Networking ...................................................................................................... 23 4.2.2. Network Functional Virtualisation (NFV) ........................................................................................ 23
4.3. LAYER 2 UNBUNDLING BUSINESS MODEL .................................................................................................... 24 4.4. INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................... 24 4.5. INTEGRATION BETWEEN NETWORK AND OSS .............................................................................................. 25 4.6. RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................................ 26
APPENDIX A CONSULTATION APPROACH ................................................................................................... 27 APPENDIX B CHORUS PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT ......................................................................................... 28
B.1 ONBOARDING PROCESS FOR NEW PRODUCTS OR FEATURES .............................................................................. 28 B.2 CHORUS CO-INNOVATION ENVIRONMENTS.................................................................................................. 28 B.3 NGA ‘PICK AND MIX’ PRODUCT MODEL ...................................................................................................... 29
Table of Figures Figure 1. Layer 2 Product domains ....................................................................................................... 21 Figure 2. Network slicing ..................................................................................................................... 22 Figure 3. SDN generic architecture ....................................................................................................... 23 Figure 4. Layer 2 unbundling product suite ............................................................................................ 24 Figure 5. APIs as an abstraction layer ................................................................................................... 26 Figure 6. Chorus Onboarding process ................................................................................................... 28 Figure 7. Chorus UFB Change Process ................................................................................................... 28 Figure 8. Custom NGA Offers using common building blocks .................................................................... 29
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1. Introduction
This paper looks at planned and potential Chorus product enhancements. It forms part
of a consultation program to gather ideas and help prioritise a suite of product options
for the future.
1.1. Objectives of this consultation document
The objective of this Consultation Document is to:
Suggest ideas for enhancements to current and future Chorus products.
To solicit feedback on possible ideas, features and business priorities to support
the creation of a development pipeline and roadmap.
1.2. Intended audience
Service Providers and key stakeholders of Chorus.
1.3. Executive summary
The original UFB Agreement (NIPA) required Chorus to offer a number of specified
wholesale bitstream services. Subsequent to this, Chorus has introduced a number of
additional features and services that extended this initial product suite.
We expect the demand for new features and product enhancements to continue to
accelerate, especially as fibre broadband becomes more and more embedded in
Customer’s day-to-day business and personal activities.
Section 2 of this paper looks at the current and future state of the Chorus fibre products
and provides the context for the suggested product enhancements.
Section 3 of this paper suggests a number of features or services that would enhance
the Chorus Bitstream product suite, for feedback and prioritisation by the industry.
Section 4 of this paper looks at the outcome and recommendations from our
investigation into the current and potential state of Layer 2 unbundling.
The Appendices includes additional information about Chorus product development.
This is expected to be a living document, with the contents of this paper changing as a
result of consultation, and during delivery of the roadmap.
1.4. Exclusions
This paper is primarily focused on Chorus Layer 2 and related products and supporting
infrastructure. It excludes:
Layer 1 services, such as PONFAS (point to multipoint fibre) and Direct Fibre
Access (Point to Point fibre);
Customer Experience and Fibre Order Process enhancements, which are part of
a separate workstream and consultation process;
Operational enhancements, to improve workflows or operations, which may
have customer facing impacts;
Implementation of machine learning to understand our NGA order data to
understand improve reschedules and cancellations.
Promotions or price changes;
Product Pricing
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1.5. Relationship to other documents
This document should be read in conjunction with the following consultation documents,
available on our consultation website here:
Chorus Technical Document Layer 1 Unbundling January 2019;
Chorus PONFAS Product Construct consultation paper V2 November 2018
Chorus Product Consultation – WiFi and RGB V1 January 2019.
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2. Chorus Fibre Products
We are living in an era of rapid social and economic change, where the scope, scale and
complexity of issues facing people and businesses require increasingly complex
solutions and technology, such as Artificial Intelligence, data lakes and analytics.
Telecommunications is the engine facilitating and supporting these solutions by
seamlessly interconnecting individuals, businesses, systems and clouds.
Chorus is continuing to expand and improve our fibre network to help New Zealand
grow economically and socially. We want to work with you to create a product roadmap
that will meet your current and future customer’s needs.
2.1. Chorus’ fibre rollout status
Chorus UFB 1 fibre rollout is completing at the end of 2020. UFB 2 and Greenfield
expansions will further expand fibre coverage.
Currently 48% of houses and businesses who can get fibre have taken it up, with some
areas as high as 85%. Take-up is expected to continue to increase over the next few
years, and some areas may become fibre only.
This high fibre penetration rate means that New Zealand has a high fibre population
base with diverse business and personal needs that will require an increasingly diverse
range of applications and services to address these needs.
2.2. Current UFB Layer 2 product suite
Chorus released the initial suite of fibre offers into the market in 2011 based on industry
standards and the UIFB NIPA contract.
Subsequent to this, Chorus has worked with and led the industry to develop and release
a number of additional features and services that extend the initial product suite,
including:
Adding Low Traffic Class to Bitstream 3, creating the Bitstream 3a;
Accelerate enhancements, including overclocking Low Traffic Class and tweaking
QoS technical parameters;
Introducing offers that were higher speed than envisaged in the original product
suite, including 200 Mbps and 1 Gbps offers;
Operational flexibility enhancements, such as allowing Service Providers to
select and change handover and handover VLANs per service instance
The Dunedin Gigatown initiative;
Introduction of an SFP ONT for Smart Locations and Data Centres;
Introduction of an API Digital Gateway;
Introduction of our Check Mate assure tool and corresponding API;
New Service Availability and Address APIs;
Regional Tail Extension, reducing the barriers for Service Providers to enter a
coverage area, particular the more remote areas;
Supporting up to four OVCs on a single UNI;
Multicast solutions;
Numerous private offers, which allow Service Providers to design their own
service using common (non-discriminatory) building blocks (see §B.3);
Introduction of our congestion free network policy;
Numerous whitepapers and technical documents to support consumption of fibre
services;
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2.3. Products for 2020+
Customers and Service Providers have identified a range of product characteristics that
the industry will need going forward:
Flexible products that allow Service Providers to create differentiated solutions
without being non-discriminatory;
New features and technology that allows Service Providers to introduce exciting
and cool stuff without incurring risky high upfront investment costs;
Features and capabilities that make fibre products easier to consume - “as easy
to consume as if the Chorus network was part of their network”;
Tools and features that support great customer experience, to keep customers
happy and engaged;
Solutions that reduce Service Provider’s operate costs and improve cash flow;
Flexibility of features and attributes so Service Providers can customise service
instances for individual customers – no one size fits all;
Visibility and control of what’s going on to ensure the Service Provider has no
surprises and can answer Customer’s queries quickly and efficiently.
2.4. The Chorus product roadmap
The Chorus fibre product suite is moving away from an initial range of simple offers
towards a more mature product suite that will enable Service Providers to create a wide
range of complex solutions.
This document suggests a number of potential products and enhancements based on
discussions with a number of different sources:
We expect these ideas to change over time, and the purpose of this consultation is both
to validate and update the current list, and to help us prioritise delivery in the short to
medium term.
Following this consultation, Chorus will publish a roadmap that we will:
Update quarterly to reflect delivery milestones;
Reset annually to align with any changes in industry needs.
Startup2011
100Mbps2015
Gigabit2017
Post UFB 12020
2023+
We are here
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3. Chorus Fibre Product development roadmap
This section suggests a number of features or services that would enhance the Chorus
Layer 2 and related products. We seek feedback and prioritisation with the industry for
inclusion on the Chorus post-2020 product roadmap.
We welcome additional ideas, as well as feedback on the current list.
3.1. Overview
Chorus offer a wide range of fibre products that provide or support connectivity between
an End Customer and a Service or Content Provider. These products have been, and
are expected to continue to be, enhanced over time to address changing market needs:
New revenue opportunities for both Service Providers and Chorus to support
growing the broadband market;
Performance, to meet ever-growing End Customer demand for faster and better
broadband services;
Customer experience enhancements, to keep End Customers engaged and
happy with their broadband experience and thus reduce churn;
Flexibility, to enable Service Providers to differentiate their services to suit their
customers’ needs;
Operate improvements, to make it easier for Service Providers to order and
manage Chorus services.
3.2. Product roadmap ideas
This section contains a list of current ideas, divided as follows:
Top ideas. New products or enhancements that we have had the most requests
for, or best match industry trends. Most of these are proceeding, or likely to
proceed over the next 18 months, but may be prioritised based on feedback.
Next tranche. Additional products and enhancements that some Customers
have expressed an interest in, or would naturally follow the top ideas.
Other. These ideas are a mixture of hygiene, opportunities or blue-sky ideas,
where we would like to understanding demand or interest.
Some items are prerequisites for other ideas and are thus likely to proceed, but
some are purely speculative.
Many of these concepts have limited assessment of their cost and complexity. A few
may address similar business needs but in different ways, e.g. Bandwidth on Demand
vs More Bandwidth options.
There may be regulatory or contractual limitations that may limit or constrain some of
these ideas, such as Layer 3 business line restrictions. These have been included so as
to not limit the conversations. All ideas would have to align with Chorus’ wholesale
position, i.e. the delivery of services from an End Customer to a Retail or Content
Service Provider.
These ideas are categorised as follows:
Status Description
WIP This is a work in progress initiative, i.e. is either currently in progress,
or about to commence, subject to resource constraints.
Planned These are initiatives planned to commence in the next six months,
subject to resource constraints.
Pipeline These are ideas where some demand has been identified, or where it
is an opportunity driven by other related opportunities.
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Status Description
Idea These ideas are more speculative and would only proceed if there is
identified demand, but they demonstrate potential opportunities that
fibre offers.
Category Description
Enhance New or modified features to current products to add value or ensure
they are fit for purpose.
Experience Improvements to end customer experience.
Flexibility Provides Service Providers with more control over the product
features and attributes.
This allows us to offer non-discriminatory functionality to all Service
Providers, while still allowing each Service Providers to create
differentiated services in the market.
Innovate New products that create new revenue opportunities that may not
exist today.
Operate Features or attributes that make it easier to either integrate Chorus
and Service Provider systems and operations, or make Chorus
products easier to consume.
SLAs Increases service diversity or reliability.
Complexity* Description
Low 1-6 months development
Medium 6-12 months development
Large 6-18+ months development
* Based on ‘finger in the air’ assessments and subject to availability of resource and development environments, which may be shared with other initiatives, depending on priority.
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3.2.1. Top ideas
These are possible products or enhancements that we have had the most requests for, or best match industry trends:
Idea Description Segment Status Domain Category Service Provider benefits
Customer benefits Complexity
1 10GPON High Speed Broadband offers Consumer Business
WIP – Trial Planned Q1 2019
Access Innovate Can offer very high speed broadband service for technology early adopters or bandwidth-hungry customers
Customers can burst to extremely fast speeds when they need to.
Large
2 National NGA Tail Extension
Allow Service Providers to map any NGA service in the country to a UFB Handover in Auckland, Hamilton, Wellington, Christchurch or Dunedin.
Consumer Business
WIP – Initiate Planned Q3 2019
Aggregation Enhance Low barrier of entry to UFB services Flexibility in network grooming for demand
swings
More choice/service options Medium
3 Open Access Gateway
Activate the 3rd Generation ONT’s Open Access Gateway function and provide Service Providers with remote management access to configure and manage it as an RGW. This is a dependency for Home WiFi
Consumer Business
Planned Home Innovate Reduces capex and opex by removing the two-device model.
Simpler installation with less points of failure or integration issues
Large
4 LAN as a service Extend high speed fibre connectivity directly to individual CPE. Creates very flexible LAN and WANs without the need for local active infrastructure and associated support.
Business Pipeline Access Fulfil
Innovate Reduced infrastructure costs. Creates the ability to create highly flexible cloud-based local and wide area network solutions that can be reconfigured to meet fluctuating business demand
Future-proof fibre connection with lower maintenance/support costs than traditional LAN solutions. Allows seamless integration between local and remote users, supporting more business’s growing need for flexibility.
Large
5 Flexible broadband
Allows a customer to activate their broadband, via a Service Provider activation website, for X days Broadband at a time. Useful in batches and holiday areas.
Consumer Idea Digital Access
Flexibility Partner with Chorus to offer flexible internet services for transient customers
Customers don’t have to pay for broadband all year around when they only need it for short periods, such as holiday homes.
Large
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Idea Description Segment Status Domain Category Service Provider benefits
Customer benefits Complexity
6 Small business fibre
Provide an assure wrapper that can be applied to entry level Business fibre services.
Business WIP – Discovery Planned Q2 2019
Fulfil Assure Access Aggregation
Experience Provides for more flexible choices while still providing business-level assure service levels
Allows customers to get a service that meets their operational requirements without having to buy a premium service that may be over-engineered for their needs.
Medium
7a 10G Bitstream 4 10Gbps access for Bitstream 4, supporting up to 10 Gbps High or Low bandwidth
Business WIP – initiate Planned Q2 2019
Access Aggregation
Enhance Ability to offer fast high quality business service
High speed, high performing WAN connections that meet current and future needs
Small
7b Glass only Bitstream 4
Glass only access for Bitstream 4, i.e. no active electronics at customer premises
Business WIP – initiate Planned Q2 2019
Access Enhance Ability to offer high quality business services in locations with limited space and power, such as Smart Locations or Datacentres
Customers can access high quality business services in Data Centres. Customers can deploy solutions that require fast high-quality multi-vlan broadband into Smart Locations
Small
8 Backhaul Improvements
Update Chorus backhaul services to provide intra and inter regional backhaul to support Service Providers consuming Chorus Access products
Networks WIP – Discovery Planned Q3 2019
Backhaul Flexibility Economical and fit-for-purpose infrastructure to adapt to their business needs
Customers get the right level of performance that expands as their bandwidth demand increases.
Medium
9 Mobile Front-haul
An optimised fibre backhaul service for 5G access points
Networks Planned Access Innovate Cost effective backhaul for 5G networks
Wider 5G coverage to complement fibre.
Large
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3.2.2. Next tranche
These are additional products and enhancements that some Customers have expressed an interest in, or would naturally follow the top
ideas.
Idea Description Segment Status Domain Category Service Provider benefits
Customer benefits Complexity
10 WiFi Remote Access
Distributed WiFi subscriber service allows multiple Service Providers to offer a WiFi service over a shared WiFi access with 802.1x authorisation
Business Planned Home Access
Innovate Provide secure access from any Chorus WiFi access to cloud infrastructure. Extend WAN solutions to employee homes
Provides managed access to a Service Provider via any Chorus WiFi service. E/g/ Employees working from home can get secure remote access to their work environment from multiple locations.
Medium
11 Real time activation
Allow end customer to select a service provider on a website where there is already a fibre intact connection and get connected quickly in minutes, rather than hours
Consumer Planned Digital Access Aggregation Fulfil
Experience Makes it easier to acquire customers when they move into a premises that has previously had fibre
installed
Make it easy to get broadband if they are moving into a premises has previously had fibre installed.
Large
12 Near real time changes
Service Requests for intact and active connections, including modify attributes, are applied in seconds rather than hours
Consumer Business
Planned Fulfil Experience Changes can be implemented while talking to customers, or direct from website
Customers can have their service activated quickly. Customers can have their service changed quickly.
Small
13 Bandwidth on Demand
Ability to dynamically change service bandwidth in near-real-time using API calls with no service disruption
Consumer’ Business
Planned Digital Access Aggregation
Flexibility They can choose bandwidth they want to offer, rather than one size fits all
Customers get the bandwidth they normally require, but can boost it higher if they need to, without disrupting their experience.
Large
14 Business ONT(s)
Business ONTs with different numbers of ports and business features, such as Power over Ethernet UNIs.
Business Planned Home Access
Innovate The ability to offer differentiated services to business customers, including Data Centres and Smart Locations
More choice and solutions tailored to meet their business needs
Medium
15 More Bandwidth options
More speed options for Bitstream 2/3/3a
Consumer Business
Pipeline Access Aggregation Fulfil
Enhance Can differentiate offers by speed
Customers get the right bandwidth they need and do not pay for bandwidth they don’t need
Small
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Idea Description Segment Status Domain Category Service Provider benefits
Customer benefits Complexity
16 WPON A wireless technology using unlicensed 60GHz spectrum to provide an up to 3 Gbps access to a premises where a fibre lead-in isn’t available.
Consumer Business
Pipeline Access Flexibility Has the potential to solve the challenge of connecting customers in Smart Locations, multi dwelling units, right of way and business parks more easily
Customers can get Gbps broadband faster and easier, particularly if there are legal or technical barriers for fibre.
High
17 Fibre premium installation
Request a Fibre installation outside of standard hours. Customers will be able to choose when they need to be home to get connected to Fibre
Consumer Planned Access Experience Reduce the barrier for Customers to get fibre installations
Customers can get fibre installed when it is convenient for them, with less disruption to their normal activities.
Low
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3.2.3. Other ideas
This is a mixture of hygiene, opportunities or blue-sky ideas, where we would like to understanding demand or interest.
Some items are prerequisites for other ideas and are thus likely to proceed, but some are purely speculative.
Idea Description Segment Status Domain Category Service Provider benefits
Customer benefits Complexity
18 Multiple Primary Offers on ONT
Remove constraint on multiple primary offers on same ONT
Consumer Business
WIP – delayed due to work on 3rd Gen ONT Planned Q3 2019
Fulfil Experience Allows new service to be stood up and tested before old service is removed. Can retain multiple services where needed. Simplifies network configuration by
reusing existing BNG configurations.
Much better experience and service continuity when upgrading service or changing service provider. Avoids unnecessary ONT installations or service interruptions
Medium
19 Handover diversity
Use MC-LAG to allow handovers to be split across exchanges
Networks WIP – On hold due to Rugby World Cup activity
Aggregation SLAs Service continuity during upgrades, brand protection for failure scenarios
More reliable service with less risk of outages.
Medium
20 Home WiFi Provide a reliable high-performing home WiFi solution. Includes mesh-WiFi and analytics-based assure tools. Is dependent on having the Open Access Gateway function (above)
Consumer Planned Home Innovate Reduces complexity in managing Home WiFi solutions
Customer experience is not constrained by poor WiFi.
Large
21 Layer 2 WiFi A bridged WiFi access. All Layer 3 functions are managed within the Service Provider domain
Business Planned Home Access
Innovate Provide secure access from a specific WiFi ONT to cloud infrastructure. Extend WAN solutions to employee homes
Employees can get remote access to the Service Provider on a WiFi device.
Medium
22 Power over Ethernet
Utilise ONTs capable of providing Power over Ethernet, primarily for supporting WiFi Access Points for business
Business Planned Home Innovate Simplifies premises wiring for business WiFi Access Points for business customers by avoiding separate power
Improved Business WiFi Medium
23 Remote Management Gateway
An API gateway that provides Service Provides with visibility and control of their services on the ONT, such as Open Access Gateway or ATA Voice.
Consumer Business
Planned Home Innovate The ability to configure services and features directly on ONT, and to see what is happening
Better and more flexible services from Service Provider, with informed conversations
Large
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Idea Description Segment Status Domain Category Service Provider benefits
Customer benefits Complexity
24 API: Get ONT An API that provides a list of ONTs installed in a premises, similar to feasibility
Consumer Business
Planned Digital Inventory
Operate Provides a simple way to get information on what ONTs are installed at a premises
Better (informed) customer experience in multiple scenarios
Medium
25 API: Get ONT Details
An API that provides a list of used and unused (capacity) features associated with a specified ONT
Consumer Business
Planned Digital Inventory
Operate Provides a simple way to get information on what services are installed on an ONT, and any spare capacity. Allows Service Provider to set the right customer expectations during selling process
Customer is informed as to whether a new service or feature requires a truck roll or not, prior to ordering
Medium
26 Request: Replace ONT
Allows Service Provider to request a new ONT of a specific type, so they can then offer a particular service or feature. This could be triggered by ordering a feature that requires a new ONT, or on its own in anticipation of a new service.
Consumer Business
Planned Home Access
Operate The ability to get the right ONT with the right features for the service they intend to sell
Customers can get access to ONT-based services and features not available on their currently installed ONT.
Large
27 Hot-swap ONTs Allow ONTs to be replaced dynamically by certified technicians
Consumer Business
Planned Digital Fulfil Inventory
SLAs Make it easy and fast to fix problems for ONT failures, or to change ONTs if new features are required
The ability to quickly replace faulty ONTs, e.g. in Smart Locations or data centres with restricted access. The ability to get access to new features that may require a different type of ONT.
Medium
28 Speed Story Web, video and written collateral and supporting information to guide Customer conversations around speed
Consumer Pipeline - Experience Allows them to manage end user expectations and discourage churn
Customers have the right expectations and can make informed choices about speed
Small
29 Service utilisation reporting
Provide per-service capacity utilisation reports to identify when customers traffic starts to reach OVC capacity
Business Pipeline Access Aggregation Data
Experience Upsell opportunity. Proactively identify when customers need to upgrade their bandwidth before their service starts to congest
Uncongested broadband experience.
Medium
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Idea Description Segment Status Domain Category Service Provider benefits
Customer benefits Complexity
30 Handover utilisation reporting
Provide handover utilisation reports that predict when handovers will congest, based on our congestion free network policy
Networks Pipeline Aggregation Data
Experience Ensures customer experience isn’t accidentally degraded due to handover congestion
Congestion free broadband experience
Small
31 Finance options for high cost installs
The ability to pay a higher cost install over time
Business Pipeline Billing Experience Reduces the barrier of entry for customers to get broadband by spreading the cost
Makes it easier to get broadband where significant work is required to connect fibre to the premises
Small
32 Rich information based on QR code
Customers can access rich technical information on their ONT by scanning the QR code. Information would include static information,
service inventory and diagnostic information based on Check Mate
Consumer Pipeline Digital Assure Inventory Data
Experience Keeps customers or on-premises technical personnel well-informed about the
ONT and installed services
Customers can see useful live and static information about their ONT and installed services
Medium
33 VLAN transparency as feature
Allow an offer to switch between single VLAN and VLAN transparent (BS2/BS3) as a modify attributes request.
Business Pipeline Fulfil Access
Flexibility Simplified offers with flexible service options, providing more control and flexibility over feature set
Customers get the service that best meet their needs at the right price.
Large
34 Multiple OVCs Provide multiple Access-EVPLs OVCs (single VLAN OVC) on a UNI, each of which can be delivered to separate handovers One example is for Business services to separate management, voice, internet and intranet traffic. It could also be used for logical diversity, to protect against handover failure.
Business Pipeline Fulfil Access Aggregation
Flexibility Allows economical tailored WAN solutions, e.g. separating management, internal, voice and internet traffic, each with their own QoS solution and delivered to the appropriate application.
Supports tailored WAN solutions that are fit for purpose
Medium
35 Ethernet Peering
Specialised Ethernet backhaul service that supports Content and Retail Service Providers to exchange
content privately or publicly with local or remote Content/Service Providers
Networks Pipeline Aggregation Backhaul
Innovate Reduces backhaul costs by sharing content close to
BNGs, leveraging unused UFB Handover Connection upstream bandwidth
Customer gets high-speed low-latency access to high quality video and other
content
Large
36 Business WiFi Provides business-level access point plus management system to allow Corporate WiFi to be remotely managed
Business Pipeline Home Innovate Provides a solution for SMEs/businesses with built-in security and operations
Supports high quality and secure corporate WiFi
Large
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Idea Description Segment Status Domain Category Service Provider benefits
Customer benefits Complexity
37 Fast Connect The ability to request a connection lead-in to be done immediately, similar to Critical Response (subject to consent rules)
Consumer Business
Pipeline Access Operate The ability to order connections that need to be connected urgently
Fast connection for customers that really need it
Medium
38 Event driven notifications
Push notifications of network events, including impacted services
Consumer Business Networks
Pipeline Assure Operate Understand customer-affecting issues before the customer reports them, so no surprises
Customer is fully informed of the problem and its status, providing a better experience
Large
39 Flexible Big Fat Dumb Pipe
Use TR-156 aggregated ePipes between OLT and Handover, similar to UBA. Use flexible cross-connect in OLT to retain per-User mapping (one
aggregated ePipe per OLT per handover)
Consumer Business
Pipeline Fulfil Access Aggregation
Operate Very fast bulk map customers between handovers Simplified BNG configurations
Flexible customer mapping to handovers
Congestion free broadband experience.
Large
40 Rich ONT Location information
Provide detailed information regarding ONT location within a premises
Business Pipeline Inventory Operate Supports fast restore times and improved ordering, particular for premises with special access requirements
Improved reliable service with fast fault restoration times.
Medium
41 API: Service Verification test
Compare what the network has provisioned, which could then be compared with product/service inventory.
Business Pipeline Inventory Access Aggregation
Operate Supports reconciliation between what has been ordered, what has been provisioning and what has been billed
Customer gets what they have requested and are paying for
Medium
42 API: Handover Services
Provide a list of active and assigned services associated with handover, including VLAN assignment
Networks Pipeline Inventory Data
Operate The ability to reconcile services to handovers quickly and efficiently. Supports handover optimisation
Optimised broadband experience
Small
43 PON Diverse access
Use GPON Type-B diversity to provide redundant access to businesses
Business Pipeline Access SLAs Can offer increased reliability to business customers
More reliable service with less risk of outages
Large
44 Diversity standard
Collateral and supporting information to guide Customer conversations around network and access diversity within the Chorus network
Business Networks
Pipeline Access Aggregation
SLAs Provide clear information on Chorus’ access and network diversity and how this can be leveraged to provide high-resilient telecommunication services
Customers can get the right level of diversity that suits their business needs.
Small
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February 2019 Chorus Confidential Page 18
© Copyright Chorus 2019
Idea Description Segment Status Domain Category Service Provider benefits
Customer benefits Complexity
45 SLAs: Provisioning
Improvements to provisioning SLAs, including possible multiple options, based on consultation
Business Pipeline Access SLAs Adaptable and differentiated provisioning service levels that match market propositions
Provisioning service levels that meet market needs
Medium
46 SLAs: Assure Improvements to Assure SLAs, including possible multiple options, based on consultation
Business Pipeline Assure SLAs Adaptable and differentiated assure service levels that match market propositions
Assure service levels that meet market needs
Medium
47 G.fast Fibre to boundary but use existing copper lead-in for delivery of fibre services
Consumer Idea Access Experience Alternative installation where fibre is outside premises but cannot be installed due to
cost, consent or other reason
Allows non-intrusive installations in situations where fibre installation into the premises is difficult
Large
48 Commissioning Test
As part of commissioning a service or service change, test what service has been provisioned end to end, in a form that can be saved as a birth certification
Consumer Business
Idea Fulfil Access Aggregation
Experience Provide confidence that service request has been correctly delivered and is working
Customer gets what they have requested and it works
Large
49 Service Provider-defined profiles
Service Providers can design their own network profiles using YANG.
Consumer Business
Idea Access Aggregation Fulfil
Flexibility Able to differentiate broadband services and avoid ‘one size fits all’
More choice and options. Large
50 CDN A Chorus CDN for delivering Video and other content to End Customers or Service Provider BNGs
Consumer Business Networks
Idea Access Aggregation
Innovate Take advantage of asymmetric traffic patterns to get content through existing handovers Reduce backhaul costs by offloading content to CDN
Customer gets high-speed low-latency access to high quality video and other content
Large
51 CDN Injection Integrate CDN directly with Service Provider access, i.e. downstream from BNG
Consumer Idea Access Aggregation
Innovate Reduce backhaul costs by offloading content to CDN
Customer gets high-speed low-latency access to high quality video and other content
Large
52 Use copper to power ONT
Use old copper access to provide power to ONT for service continuity in power cuts
Business Idea Access Innovate Can offer service continuity as a service May be suitable for some Smart Locations where power is difficult to provide
Service continuity in the event of power failures
Large
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February 2019 Chorus Confidential Page 19
© Copyright Chorus 2019
Idea Description Segment Status Domain Category Service Provider benefits
Customer benefits Complexity
53 Wavelength unbundling
Operate multiple optical wavelengths along PON, similar to GPON/10GPON, where Chorus operates some wavelengths and RSP operates others.
Business Networks
Idea Access Innovate The ability to offer differentiated services to customers and Smart Locations with minimal investment in access infrastructure
More choice and better services
Large
54 Speed boost weekend
Boost speed for a weekend or designated period
Consumer Idea Digital Access Fulfil
Innovate Encourage upsell through speed promotions
Customers can try out higher speeds before they buy
Large
55 API: LSO interfaces
Implement MEF-55 Lifecycle Service Orchestration B2B interfaces - Sonata (B2B) and Interlude (SOF:SOF)
Consumer Business
Idea Digital Fulfil Inventory
Innovate Provides visibility and control of customer's services. Acts as a roadmap to L2 unbundling
Better provisioning and assure experience. More informed about how their broadband services are working.
Large
56 API: Logical Network creation
Use LSO APIs and calls to create end to end Ethernet solutions on existing hardware interfaces
Consumer Business
Idea Digital Fulfil Access Aggregation
Innovate The ability to build customised Ethernet solutions rapidly, which can then be delivered in scale or one-off
More choice and solutions tailored to meet their business needs
Large
57 Consumer ONT(s)
Additional ONTs with different numbers of ports and features, such as WiFi.
Consumer Idea Home Access
Innovate The ability to offer differentiated services to residential customers
More choice and solutions tailored to meet their home needs
Medium
58 Layer 2 E-Tree Support Bitstream services using an E-Tree domain, so all users delivered at handover over a single VLAN
Consumer Business
Idea Aggregation Operate Simplified BNG design. Possibly useful for internet applications, with access controlled by IP addresses
Optimised internet experience
Large
59 MPLS Handovers
MPLS-based handover connections Networks Idea Aggregation Operate Allows seamless integration between Chorus and Service Provider network, with more efficient traffic handling
Optimised network services
Large
60 Real time network status on webpage
Display network map and API with green / red / amber indication of network status
Consumer Business Networks
Idea Digital Data
Operate Reduces fault calls during network events
Confidence in network performance
Medium
61 Diverse path management
Create a mechanism that describes a circuits unique diverse path, so it is easy see if two circuits are diverse
Business Networks
Idea Inventory SLAs Provides assurance that diversity will be correctly managed for the life of a service
Customers can get the right level of diversity that suits their business needs.
Large
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February 2019 Chorus Confidential Page 20
© Copyright Chorus 2018
3.3. Layer 2 products and support system domains
Chorus products are defined across multiple network and support system domains,
where
A product enhancement may touch more than one domain;
A new product will likely touch most domains.
Domain Description
Premises Services and features in the premises (home or business), including
premises wiring and integrating ONT/NID features with the premises network environment.
Access Connectivity between the ITP in the home and the Central Office.
For Layer 2 point to multipoint services, this includes the ONT, OLT (Access Node), OLT uplink and point to multipoint fibre interconnection.
For Layer 2 point to point services, this includes the NID, Access Node,
Access Node uplink and point to point fibre interconnection.
Aggregation Connectivity between the OLT/Access Node and the E-NNI;
It can connect POIs for Candidate Areas served by multiple POIs, such as
Auckland and Wellington.
Tail Extension is considered an Aggregation feature, but may self-consume backhaul to connect to a remote POI.
Backhaul Point to point connectivity between POIs.
Backhaul can also be used within a POI coverage are
Colocation Exchange space and related products that allow Service Providers to host
their electronics in Chorus or Spark exchanges.
Digital APIs and online channels that allow Service Providers to interact with
Chorus.
Fulfil Allows Service Providers to Move, Add or Change Chorus products.
Includes service availability, i.e. listing what products are installed or can
be installed at a premises and can therefore be requested or modified.
Assure Allows service providers to report issues with Chorus products and
services, and track the trouble ticket to resolution.
Includes diagnostic capability, i.e. the ability to view and test active services to see if they are working as expected.
Bill All pricing and billing of services, including one-off and recurring charges,
reconciliation and managing billing disputes.
Work
Management
The ability to request and manager Service Company resource for fulfil or
assure.
Inventory There are multiple inventory sub-domains:
Product and Service inventory, which document the product instances;
PSR Models, which map the data elements that define the product,
service and resource layers that make up a Chorus product.
Physical and Logical inventory, which map the product instances to
consumed resources;
GIS Plant/Asset Manager, a geographic information system that
records the physical plant and assets;
Data and
Reporting
Storage, management and reporting of data including:
Inventory;
Product reconciliation information;
Network analytics;
Operational data, such as fulfil and assure;
Product Consultation Paper - Product Roadmap
February 2019 Chorus Confidential Page 21
© Copyright Chorus 2019
Figure 1. Layer 2 Product domains
Tail Extension(L2 only)
Chorus L1 Access Service
Co-locationChorus Backhaul
(ICABS or CRT)
Third Party Backhaul
HandoverAccess RSP NetworkCustomer Premises
SDUs
MDUs
Smart Location
GPON
10GPON
Active Optical Network
DFASCSE
Premises Networking
Aggregation(L2 Only)
Per Service
Aggregated
UNI
PoE
WiFi UNI
ATA
ONT/NID
Chorus Access Service
1/10/100 HoC
L1 Jumper
ICABS
CRT
Peering
COMCustomer Order
Manager
FSOMFibre Service Order
Manager
Element ManagersGIS Plant/Asset
Manager
Service Inventory
Order Manager
Work Management
Physical Inventory
Logical Inventory
Orchestration
Fulfil Assure Bill Operate
Channels
Chorus Portal
B2B
OFM
APIs
Availability
Connect
Modify/Move/Add
Remove
Educate
Test
Report/Inform
Fix/SLAs
Price
Bill
Audit
Dispute
Visbility
SLA Measurement
Reporting
Change Management
Retail Service Provider
Analytics
Gold/Silver/Bronze
Premium
PON DiversityHome WiFi
LAG Diversity
MC LAG Diversity
GPON Diversity
Capacity Planning
SFP UNI
Product Catalogue
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February 2019 Chorus Confidential Page 22
© Copyright Chorus 2019
4. The Chorus Product Suite And Layer 2 Unbundling
Chorus has been investigating Layer 2 unbundling and the underlying technologies that
support it. This section summarizes the outcomes and recommendations from this
investigation.
4.1. Network slicing
Network slicing is a new approach to wholesaling active infrastructure. It uses the
concept of Data Centre virtualisation to allow multiple Virtual Network Operators to
share a common physical network infrastructure:
Figure 2. Network slicing
The key advantage to this approach over the traditional wholesale Bitstream approach
is that:
In a bitstream model, the Virtual Network Operator service creation is
constrained by the common underlying Bitstream service;
In a network slice model, each Virtual Network Operator has full access and
control of their network slice, giving them complete control over their service
creation.
4.2. SDN and NFV
Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functional Virtualisation (NFV) are
new technologies that promise more flexible and agile solutions going forward.
These technologies are complementary, but can be applied independently of each other.
Service Provider 1 Access Slice
Service Provider 1 Service Provider 2
Diagnostics
Authorisation
Request Management
Configuration
OLTONT OLT-facing EAS Handover EAS
Logical/Physical Inventory
Product Catalogue
Service Inventor
Address Management
API Digital Channel
Service Provider 2 Access Slice
Service Provider 3 Access Slice
Monitoring, performance,
test, diagnostic and status
parameters
Controland
Configuration
Service Provider 3
Vir
tual
Ne
two
rks
Network Management
Customer Experience
Fulfil, Assure, Bill
Network Management
Customer Experience
Fulfil, Assure, Bill
Network Management
Customer Experience
Fulfil, Assure, Bill
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February 2019 Chorus Confidential Page 23
© Copyright Chorus 2019
4.2.1. Software Defined Networking (SDN)
Software Defined Networking is a set of techniques that enables users to directly
program, orchestrate, control, and manage network resources. It achieves this by
separating the control plane from the forwarding plane, allowing the intelligence to be
centralised and abstracted from the underlying infrastructure.
Figure 3. SDN generic architecture
SDN promises to deliver the following technical and business benefits:
Centralised Management, makes it easier for the Application Layer increasing
automation and control of the network;
Directly Programmable, allowing for better integration with upstream OSS/BSS
stack;
Reduction of CAPEX, by reducing the need for specialised networking hardware;
Reduction of OPEX, by speeding service creation and making it easier and more
efficient to make dynamic changes;
Agility and Flexibility, making it easier for customised and differentiated
solutions;
Enables Innovation by allowing changes to be tested and deployed quickly;
This technology is still evolving and current downsides may include:
Potential security vulnerabilities in the virtual infrastructure;
Availability/reliability limitations;
Higher cost per bit for solutions that may not need this flexibility;
4.2.2. Network Functional Virtualisation (NFV)
Network Functional Virtualisation (NFV) replaces dedicated network devices with a
software function running on general-purpose CPUs or virtual machines.
NFV Promises to deliver:
Network functionality that can be located in optimal locations with rapid
deployment and scaling;
Flexible relocation of network functionalities in order to suit changing needs;
Lower operational expenses using commercial off-the-shelf platforms – combine
multiple network functionalities on single server. Less space and power.
Simplified operations;
Faster time to market for new services
Application Layer (Business Applications)
Control Layer (Network Services)
Resource Layer (Infrastructure)Mu
lti-
Laye
r M
anag
emen
t Fu
nct
ion
s
Northbound APIs(Application Control Interface)
Southbound APIs(Resource Control Interface)
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February 2019 Chorus Confidential Page 24
© Copyright Chorus 2019
4.3. Layer 2 unbundling business model
In 2017/2018 Chorus undertook a lab and paper-based investigation into using SDN
and NFV technology to create a suite of products under the L2 unbundling banner. This
included looking at overseas case studies and deployments.
Figure 4. Layer 2 unbundling product suite
4.4. Investigation and analysis
Layer 2 unbundling was investigated against four key criteria:
Criteria Description Result
Position Network slicing seems a natural fit
with Chorus’ wholesale model, with
the potential to provide Service
Providers to consume a common
input service but retain the ability to
provide end-to-end differentiated
services.
Positive, depending on
technical and
commercial viability
Acc
ess
Agg
reg
atio
nIP
Ed
geM
arke
t P
rop
osi
tio
nR
SP f
un
ctio
ns
CLN
E
OLT
EAS
BNG
AAA
CDN Transport
CRM Sales
Billing FAB
PeeringInternational
ONT+RGW
OLT
EAS
BNG
AAA
CDN Transport
CRM Sales
Billing FAB
PeeringInternational
ONT
OLT
EAS
BNG
AAA
CDN Transport
CRM Sales
Billing FAB
PeeringInternational
L1 Unbundling L2 Unbundling Bitstream
NFV
DNS Cloud CloudDNS DNS Cloud
CP
E
ONT+RGW RGW
NFV
NFV
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February 2019 Chorus Confidential Page 25
© Copyright Chorus 2019
Criteria Description Result
Service Velocity SDN/NFV Promises much faster
service introduction, accelerating
revenue start dates, and delivering
products within the opportunity
window.
Positive but requires
further investigation.
Cost of
ownership
The move to virtualisation has
significant potential to reduce the
need for specialised and expensive
hardware
Negative. Current
assessment shows
that cost per bit could
be up to 30 times the
cost of specialised
hardware.
Revenue
opportunities
The flexibility and innovation
potential provides opportunity for
new revenue streams for Chorus and
Retail/Content Service Providers
Positive, subject to
demand and any
constraints for these
services.
The key conclusion is that the technology is not currently ready for deployment in a
wholesale context. SDN and NFV technology is not mature enough and the cost per bit
is too high at this time. It would also require new access network hardware, so would
need to be planned with network lifecycle upgrades to ensure efficient investment.
Chorus’ core business model is to provide an uncongested access network that provides
connectivity between a Customer premises and a Service Provider. Exponential
bandwidth demand means that keeping cost per bit down is critical for a successful
product.
However these technologies are evolving rapidly. One trend that could change this
picture significantly is network vendors are looking at hardware solutions that match
the SDN model:
The Control plane is delivered using virtualised hardware that supports flexible
NFV;
The Forwarding plane is delivered on proprietary switch fabric to keep the cost
per bit down.
4.5. Integration between network and OSS
One area that shows a lot of potential is using APIs to control and configure the Chorus
products.
This effectively acts as an abstraction layer, which allows Service Providers to get many
of the benefits of the SDN model, even if the network technology itself is not using
Network Functional Virtualisation:
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February 2019 Chorus Confidential Page 26
© Copyright Chorus 2019
Figure 5. APIs as an abstraction layer
The underlying services would initially be bitstream-based, but SDN and NFV features
and attributes could be introduced over time and published via the APIs.
4.6. Recommendations
While SDN and NFV technology is not viable today as a replacement for current services,
the drivers are real and the technology itself is evolving rapidly. It is not really a matter
of if, but when, where and how much.
The key recommendations from this investigation are:
Continue to monitor vendor and industry developments;
Implementation can be gradual, with some elements being virtualised first;
Accelerate the use of APIs to allow Service Providers more control and visibility
of their Chorus products. Where possible, align with industry standards such as
MEF-55 Lifecycle Service Orchestration
Ab
stra
ctio
n L
aye
r
Service Provider 1 Service Provider 2
Diagnostics
Authorisation
Request Management
Configuration
OLTONT OLT-facing EAS Handover EAS
Logical/Physical Inventory
Product Catalogue
Service Inventor
Address Management
API Digital ChannelMonitoring,
performance, test, diagnostic
and status parameters
Service Provider 3
Network Management
Customer Experience
Fulfil, Assure, Bill
Network Management
Customer Experience
Fulfil, Assure, Bill
Network Management
Customer Experience
Fulfil, Assure, Bill
Controland
Configuration
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February 2019 Chorus Confidential Page 27
© Copyright Chorus 2019
Appendix A Consultation Approach
Timelines for the overall consultation can be found here:
The aim of this consultation process is to create a working roadmap of committed and
proposed future initiatives with target releases. The next steps are:
Service Providers to review list and advise:
o Any additional items you may wish to be added to list;
o Any clarifications or concerns with any of the items on the list;
o Any items of particular interest;
Chorus will provide a more detailed impact assessment for the priority items,
for Service Providers to review, for example we have recently released a
consultation paper on WiFi and RGW ideas.
Initiatives will be prioritised based on:
o Industry feedback, as part of consultation;
o Doability, i.e. can it be technically done;
o Financial viability, i.e. cost vs benefits;
o Domain development capacity – this typically varies between domains
and over time.
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February 2019 Chorus Confidential Page 28
© Copyright Chorus 2019
Appendix B Chorus Product Development
Chorus uses a co-innovation approach to product development that allows Service
Providers to participate in, and influence, the product development process.
B.1 Onboarding process for new products or features
Onboarding is a process to allow Chorus and Service Providers to work together to
ensure Service Providers can consume changes to the Chorus network or products,
including the introduction of new products, as follows:
Figure 6. Chorus Onboarding process
Initiatives that result in a change, or potential change, to Service Providers existing
products or systems will go through the Chorus Change process:
Figure 7. Chorus UFB Change Process
B.2 Chorus Co-innovation environments
Chorus provides a number of Co-Innovation environments to assist Service Providers
in developing and onboarding new Chorus products, services or changes.
Environment Description Types of Testing Notes
1 Non Production
Environment
(NPE)
The Chorus NPE is
located in
Wellington and
provides a full lab
environment and
test facilities.
Formal testing
including technical
interface and
compatibility
testing.
Predominantly
used for Chorus
TAT and BAT.
Rarely used for
Service Provider
testing.
2 Innovation Lab
(99 Khyber Pass)
Auckland-based
environment to
develop, test and
showcase new
technology.
Has access to
CCIL and
production.
Innovation
Technology and
product trials and
demonstrations.
CCIL testing for
Service Providers
outside Auckland.
Service Providers
need to book
space and have
equipment in lab.
Network
Lifecycle
Upgrade
Product/Offer
Proposal
Onboarding
Request
CCIL Onboarding
Model
Current
Network/Product
State
New
Network/Product
State
Change
Notification
TCF Product Forum
90 Days Consultation Process
Trivial Change
Notice
Major Change
Notice
20 Days
12 Months
Change
Implemented
Change
Implemented
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February 2019 Chorus Confidential Page 29
© Copyright Chorus 2019
Environment Description Types of Testing Notes
3 Chorus Co-
Innovation
Laboratory
Isolated
production
network in
Auckland and
Wellington that
provides test
capabilities to
Service Provider
premises.
Allows informal
and formal testing
of new offers and
features within
the Service
Provider’s
premises.
Intended as the
primary
onboarding and
co-innovation
facility.
4 CCIL Test Production-based
test circuits for
(limited) testing.
Allows limited
informal and
formal testing of
new offers and
features within
the Service
Provider’s
premises.
A secondary
onboarding and
co-innovation
environment.
Primarily intended
for Service
Providers that
cannot use CCIL
or pre-production
trials.
B.3 NGA ‘pick and mix’ product model
A key feature of NGA is the ability for Service Providers to create unique and
differentiated products and services that meet their business needs, by allowing them
to select non-discriminatory building blocks.
There are multiple ways Service Providers can differentiate their products using Chorus
inputs:
Customise the product within the Service Provider domain (CPE, upstream
network);
Different attribute values, such as Bitstream 3a bandwidth options;
Different combinations of Chorus products, such as Access + Backhaul;
Custom Chorus input services using common building blocks.
The following diagram shows how common building blocks can be used to create
customised templates:
Figure 8. Custom NGA Offers using common building blocks
Prototyping and
Development
Custom
Building Blocks
“Productised”
Building Blocks
Primary/Secondary
Access-EVPL
Access-EPLVoice-EVPL
UNI
Multicast Domain
Multicast Connection
XXX
XXX XXX
Template
Definitions
Template 1
Primary Template
2 x Access-EVPL
1 x Voice-EVPL
1 x UNI
Multicast Connection
Template 2
Primary Template
1 x Access-EVPL
1 x UNI
Multicast Connection
Template 3
Secondary Template
1 x Access-EPL
1 x UNI
CCIL-2
Agile/IterativeDevelopment
Service ProviderTesting
Commercialsand Pricing
Public Templates
Evolve 30-10-2.5-2.5
Evolve 100-50-10-2.5
Business 200
Service Provider 1
Offer 1
Offer 2
Offer 3
Service Provider 2
Offer 4
Offer 5
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February 2019 Chorus Confidential Page 30
© Copyright Chorus 2019
Chorus has delivered a number of private NGA templates using this approach, where
the NGA template is tailored for a particular Service Provider and only consumable by
them.