CHORDATA (an organism who has or had a notochord at least once in their life)
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CHORDATA(an organism who has or had a notochord at least once in their
life)
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Ectothermic – body temperature is controlled by the outside environment
Gills
Fins
Scales
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• Three classes:
• JAWLESS FISH– Notochord (underdeveloped spine)– No jaws– Cartilage skeleton– Smooth slimy skin– Ex. Lamprey
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• CARTILAGINOUS– Has jaws– Cartilage skeleton– Denticles – sharp tiny scales that can be
found on any
cartilaginous fish.– Oily liver
(helps to stay afloat)
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• BONY FISH– Bones for a skeleton– Swim bladder – an organ in a bony fish that
controls buoyancy– Lateral line – a sense organ that picks up on
vibrations and pressure in the water and helps a fish with balance and navigation.
– Ray finned
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• Ectothermic
• Smooth moist skin
• Double lifeMETAMORPHOSIS – When an organism goes
through a series of stages dramatically changing how it looks.
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• Three types
– CAECILIANS• No legs• Looks like a worm or
a snake• Some are blind• Some have bony
scales
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• SALAMANDERS– Tail– Four strong legs– Found under logs
or in damp woods
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• FROGS AND TOADS– Both have sticky tongue attached at the front of the
mouth– Frogs
• Smooth moist skin• Jump and spend more
time in the water
– Toads• Drier bumpier skin• walk
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• ECTOTHERMIC
• AMNIOTIC EGG– A hard shell holding young that provides nutrients and allows reptiles to live on land
• DRY SCALY SKIN
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• TURTLES and TORTISES– Turtles live in water some of the time (flippers
or webbed feet)– Tortises live on land and have claws – Both have a shell that is the backbone
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• CROCODILES and ALLIGATORS– Carnivores– Eyes and nostrils on top of head– Care for eggs and young– Crocks – narrow pointed snout– Alligators – broad rounded
snout
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• LIZARDS
– 4 legs
– Carnivores
– Warm habitat
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• SNAKES– Deserts to swamps– No legs, no eyelids, no ears– One lung– Jaw can separate
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• TUATARA– Ancient – hasn’t changed much in 225 million
years – called a living fossil– Like cooler weather, live in New Zealand– Not lizards
– Special teeth arrangement (one bottom row fits into two rows on the top)
– Mate differently than lizards– Gland beneath skin on head that is a third eye
» Used to get UV rays during first few months of life, then it covers with scales
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• ENDOTHERMIC – body temperature is controlled and regulated within the body
• HOLLOW BONES• AMNIOTIC EGG
• FEATHERS– Contour feathers – outer layer that helps with
flight and protects down feathers (water resistant with oil)
– Down feathers – under contour feathers that are used for insulation
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• FLIGHTLESS– Penguin (flippers)– Ostrich – can reach 40 mph
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• WATER– Webbed feet– Ducks, geese
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• BIRDS OF PREY– Sharp claws– Pointed sharp beaks– Meat eaters
Hawk, Eagle, Owl
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• PERCHING– Robins, Blue Jays, etc– Claws for clamping onto
branches• Prevents from falling off
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• ENDOTHERMIC
• FUR OR HAIR
• MAMMARY GLANDS– Glands that produce milk for the young
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• MONOTREMES– Lays leather shelled eggs– Licks milk from skin– Platypus and Echidna
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• MARSUPIALS OPOSSUM
– Pouch– Babies are born twice, into the pouch after a
few weeks very underdeveloped and then out of the pouch after several months
Kangaroo Koala
Wombat
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• PLACENTAL– Embryo develops in the uterus of the mother– Placenta provides nutrients