Choosing Plants for the Landscape. Next Generation Science / Common Core Standards Addressed! CCSS....
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![Page 1: Choosing Plants for the Landscape. Next Generation Science / Common Core Standards Addressed! CCSS. Math. Content.HSN ‐ Q.A.1 Use units as a way to understand.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d975503460f94a81030/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
• Choosing Plants for the Landscape
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Next Generation Science / Common Core Standards Addressed!
• CCSS. Math. Content.HSN‐Q.A.1 Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi‐step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays.
• CCSS. Math. Content. HS N‐Q.A.2 Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling.
• CCSS. Math.Content.HSG‐CO.A.1 Know precise definitions of angle, circle, perpendicular line, parallel line, and line segment, based on the undefined notions of point, line, distance along a line, and distance around a circular arc.
• CCSS .Math. Content. HS G‐CO.D.12Make formal geometric constructions with a variety of tools and methods (compass and straightedge, string, reflective devices, paper folding, dynamic geometric software, etc.). Copying a segment; copying an angle; bisecting a segment; bisecting an angle; constructing perpendicular lines, including the perpendicular bisector of a line segment; and constructing a line parallel to a given line through a point not on the line.
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Bell / Work Student Learning Objectives
• 1. Define the categories of landscape plants.
• 2. Describe why plant names are important.
• 3. Identify factors to consider when selecting woody plant material for the landscape.
• 4. Explain how the environment affects plant selection.
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Terms
• Cultivar• Deciduous• Evergreen• Flowers• Genus• Groundcovers• Hardiness zone
• Ornamental• Shrubs• Soil pH• Species• Specimen plant• Variety• Woody
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Write down the name of the plants that you recognize
• Echinacea purpurea• Purple Coneflower• Liquidambar
stryaciflua• Sweetgum• Snapdragon • Antirrhinum nanum
• Acer rubrum• Red Maple • Arrowwood
Viburnum• Viburnum dentatum• Foxglove• Digitalis purpurea
Most of the names that you do not recognize are the plant’s Latin names.
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What are the common categories of landscape
plants?
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I. Plants are divided into separate categories based on their size,
growth habit, and purpose in the landscape.
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A. Trees
• Trees are woody perennial plants that are usually single-stemmed and over 12 feet in height.
• They may be deciduous or evergreen
• When designing a landscape trees are used to provide shade, frame a house, or for ornamental characteristics like flowers or fruit.
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B. Shrubs
• Smaller perennial plants than trees, getting no more than 20 feet in height and multi-stemmed.
• Shrubs may also be evergreen or deciduous
• Used to create hedges or borders, screen an area, or as foundation plants.
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C. Ground covers• Plant materials under 1 foot tall that are
used in place of grass.
• They help to tie the elements of a landscape together
• They can climb objects or creep along the ground.
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D. Flowers• Ornamental plants that add a burst of
color to the landscape. • They can be found on trees, shrubs, or
ground covers, or they can be plants in a category of their own like marigolds and tulips.
• Flowering plants can live for only one season or return to the garden year after year.
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Why are plant names important?
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II. Plant naming• Plant names are what people often associate
with the actual plant.• Plant names can fall into two categories—
common names and botanical names (Latin names).
• The botanical names of plants come from Carl von Linne (Linnaeus) and his binomial system of naming plants.
• Each plant has a genus, specific epithet (species), and often a variety, and a cultivar.
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A. Genus• A group of plants that are closely related
to each other
• They may contain one or more species.
• The genus is always written with a capital letter and is either underlined or italicized.
• It is the same for every plant in a particular group.
• For example, Quercus is the Latin name for all oaks while Acer refers to all maples.
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B. Species
• A group of plants that have similar characteristics which make them distinct from other groups in the genus.
• The species name is written in lower case, underlined or italicized.
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C. Variety
• Results from a difference within a species.
• This difference is passed sexually from one generation to the next.
• A variety follows the species name and is lowercase, underlined, or italicized.
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D. Cultivar
• A group of plants within a species with a very distinguishing characteristic.
• However, unlike a variety, the only way to keep this characteristic within a plant is to asexually propagate the plant from cuttings or grafting.
• The cultivar is placed in single quotations and capitalized.
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Latin Names
Acer rubrum var. columnarGenus species variety
Acer rubrum ‘Red Sunset’
Genus species cultivar
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What factors should be considered when selecting
woody plant materialfor the landscape?
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III. Become familiar with the plants• Research
potential plants – Ornamental
characteristics, the mature size and form, its environmental requirements and its hardiness zone.
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Become Familiar with the plant
• Consider the purposes or function the plant will serve. – The landscaper would need a different
plant to create a screen in the yard versus the plant that would be chosen to act as a specimen plant. • A specimen plant is a plant that is
particularly attractive and adds accent to a planting bed.
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Become Familiar with the plant• Plants are then selected for the correct
areas based on their cold tolerance and other environmental requirements.
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A. Ornamental Characteristics• Ornamental characteristics would
include flowers, fruits, foliage, bark, and form.
• The best plants for the landscape would have four-season appeal.
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The flower
• A plant’s ability to produce attractive flowers is certainly an asset to the landscape.
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The fruit• The fruit on a tree
could both be a reason for selection like in the case with crab apples or holly, or be a reason to avoid that plant, like ginkgo, which has rotten smelling fruit, or hedge apple with its fruit the size of softballs.
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The foliage
• The foliage on the plant plays an important roll in plant selection.
• Plants can be either evergreen or deciduous.
• The leaves can have different textures and colors.
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Branches and trunks
• The plant’s branches and trunk can add to the landscape interest.
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The shape
• The shape of the plant from an elegant weeping form to a stark pyramidal can be used in the landscape to create bold statements.
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B. Size of the plant• One of the easiest things
to forget about when selecting plants for the landscape is the mature size of the plant.
• People often forget that plants will grow. One must consider the mature size of a plant and use caution when placing the plant close to the home or windows.
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C. Hardiness Zones• The U.S. Department of Agriculture
established hardiness zones.
• A plant must be in the correct hardiness zone for that particular area or it will not survive the winter.
• The U.S. is divided into 11 zones.
• Plants in the landscape can be used from colder regions but they can not be selected from warmer regions.
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D. Select cultivars
• Cultivars have been selected because they have proven themselves to have consistent outstanding characteristics.
• Cultivars are often selected for their disease resistance to common ailments.
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IV. Environmental conditions
• Two common environmental conditions that affect plants are soil pH and the moisture level in the soil.
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A. Soil pH• The measure of the acidity or alkalinity in
the soil.
• It is measured on a scale of 1–14 with 7 being neutral. Measurements of 1–6 are acidic with 8–14 alkaline.
• Most plants like to grow at a pH of 5.6–7.0.
• If the soil pH is too high or too low, it will affect the availability of nutrients to the plant .
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B. Soil Moisture
• Most plants do not like to have their roots sitting in wet soil for any length of time.
• Many plants can not tolerate dry soils without any moisture.
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Review• Plants add a beautiful surrounding to a
home. But using the proper plants means more than selecting the one with a pretty flower. Being able to identify the plants name is the first step in determining the needs of a plant. Good landscapers associate plants with growing regions and will select plants based on their shape, foliage, flower and fruit.
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Evaluation• List four factors that one should
consider when selecting plants for the landscape.
• Would a pH of 6 be acidic or alkaline?
• What are the two common environmental concerns that affect plants?
• What hardiness zone are we in?
• What are the two categories of trees?
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The End!