Cholestérol: Quelle normalité? chol.pdf · HPS-S 4S-S HPS-P CARE-P LIPID-P 4S-P 0 5 10 15 20 25...

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Cholestérol: Quelle normalité? C. Abdelkhirane, MD, PhD Cardiologue Cardiologie Maarif ∞ Clinique Maarif AMBM/AMCAR 19 février 2015

Transcript of Cholestérol: Quelle normalité? chol.pdf · HPS-S 4S-S HPS-P CARE-P LIPID-P 4S-P 0 5 10 15 20 25...

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Cholestérol: Quelle normalité?

C. Abdelkhirane, MD, PhD

Cardiologue

Cardiologie Maarif ∞ Clinique Maarif

AMBM/AMCAR 19 février 2015

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C=control; T=treatment; A=aggressive; M=moderate.

Yusuf S, Anand S. Circulation. 1996;93:1774-1776.

5

10

15

20

25

Post-treatment TC (mg/dL)

5-yr CV events (%)

CARE-T

Post-CABG-A 4S-T

CARE-C

Post-CABG-M 4S-C

155 174 193 212 232 251 271

Risk of CHD Events and Level of

Cholesterol

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PI=placebo; Rx=treatment Shepherd J et al. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1301-1307. 4S Study Group. Lancet. 1995;345:1274-1275. Sacks FM et al. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1001-1009. Downs JR et al. JAMA. 1998;279:1615-1622. Tonkin A. Presented at AHA Scientific Sessions, 1997.

Mean LDL-C level at follow-up (mg/dL)

Relation Between CHD Events and

LDL-C in Recent Statin Trials

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

90 110 130 150 170 190 210

% with CHD event CARE-Rx

LIPID-Rx

4S-Rx

CARE-PI LIPID-PI

4S-PI

2° Prevention

1° Prevention

WOSCOPS-PI

WOSCOPS-Rx AFCAPS/TexCAPS-Rx

AFCAPS/TexCAPS-PI

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CHD Event Rates in Secondary Prevention and ACS Trials

Updated from - O’Keefe, J. et al., J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:2142-6.

y = 0.1629x · 4.6776 R² = 0.9029 p < 0.0001

LDL Cholesterol (mg/dl)

CH

D E

ven

ts (

%)

PROVE-IT-PR

PROVE-IT-AT CARE-S

LIPID-S

HPS-S 4S-S

HPS-P

CARE-P

LIPID-P

4S-P

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

30 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210

TNT 80

TNT 10 A2Z 80

A2Z 20

IDEAL S20/40

IDEAL A80

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Cholesterol Trialist Collaboration Meta-Analysis of Dyslipidemia Trials

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

-10%

Adapted from CTT Collaborators. Lancet. 2005; 366:1267-78

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Reduction in LDL Cholesterol (mmol/L)

Major Vascular Events P

rop

ort

ion

al R

edu

ctio

n in

Eve

nt

Rat

e (S

E)

TNT

IDEAL

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The Statin Decade For LDL: “Lower is Better”

0

5

10

15

20

25

30R² = 0.9029 p < 0.0001

LDL Cholesterol (mg/dl)

CH

D E

ven

ts (

%)

Adapted and Updated from O’Keefe, J. et al., J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:2142-6.

30 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210

4S

CARE LIPID

HPS

PROVE IT –TIMI 22

66 52

TNT

IMPROVE IT

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Odds ratio

0.5 1 3.0

Study (n)

Treatment Achieved LDL (mg/dl)

Odds ratio (95% CI)

0.74 (0.58,0.94) TNT (10,001) Atorvastatin 80 77

0.72 (0.52,0.98) A to Z (4497) Simvastatin 80 63

0.54 (0.34,0.85) PROVE-IT (4162) Atorvastatin 80 62

0.80 (0.61,1.05) IDEAL (8888) Atorvastatin 80 81

0.73 (0.63,0.84), p<0.001 Overall (95% CI)

Intensive statin therapy better

Moderate statin therapy better

Atorvastatin 10 101

Simvastatin 20 77

Pravastatin 40 95

Simvastatin 20 104

Intensive Moderate

Scirica BM, et al. AHA 2005

Meta-Analysis of Intensive Statin Therapy CHF

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Quelques exemples de rendus d’analyses biologiques

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Définitions

Norme : Règle, principe, critère auquel se réfère tout jugement Normalité : 1-État, caractère de ce qui est conforme à la norme, à ce qui est considéré comme l'état normal. 2-Rapport de la concentration d'une solution titrée à celle de la solution normale du même corps dissous. (La normalité d'une solution normale est égale à l'unité.) 3-En psychiatrie, caractère heureux des relations aux autres et à soi-même, quelle que puisse être la nature des conflits sous-jacents.

LAROUSSE, 2014

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La loi Normale (Laplace-Gauss)

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La densité de la courbe modale

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La répartition modale

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La symétrie (normale)

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Distribution non normale

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Densité de probabilité (Fonction de masse)

La courbe rouge représente la fonction Phi, densité de probabilité de la loi normale centrée réduite.

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Fonction de répartition

La courbe rouge représente la fonction Théta , fonction de répartition de la loi normale centrée réduite.

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Courbes en biologie humaine!!!

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Modèle du cholestérol cutané et le pourcentage des sténoses artérielles

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Etablissement d’une normalité

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Peterbuck, Primary and early secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, 2010

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Influence de l’âge sur la distribution

Circulation.1998; 97: 1087-1094 doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.97.11.1087

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Distribution vs conséquences

Martin et al. , Curr Control Trials Cardiovasc Med (2001)

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The Princeton Longevity Center Medical News, 2010

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Quel niveau de cholestérol pour quel pays?

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Maroc

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Implication du changement de normes

H. Gilbert Welch et al, Dartmouth Medicine Mag, 2010

+13.000.000

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Que disent les recommandations?

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SCORE Scale

• A particular problem relates to young people with high levels of risk factors.

• Although the absolute SCORE risk can be low in young patients, if several risk factors are present, the relative risk will be high. ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J. 2011 Jul;32(14):1769-818.

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SCORE Scale

• The preference for the SCORE system over other risk scales is based on the fact that it was designed and evaluated using representative European cohorts.

ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J. 2011 Jul;32(14):1769-818.

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SCORE Scale

• The SCORE scale allows for estimating the 10-year risk of the first fatal atherosclerotic complication based on the following risk factors:

– Age

– Gender

– Smoking

– Systolic blood pressure

– Total cholesterol

ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J. 2011 Jul;32(14):1769-818.

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Score Européen selon régions

Région risque bas :Belgium, Germany, Finland, France, Greece, Italy, Spain, Denmark, The Netherlands, United Kingdom, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Ireland, Austria, Malta, Portugal, Slovenia, Monaco, San Marino.

Région risque haut:Bulgaria, Macedonia, Russia, Moldova, Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia.

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SCORE Scale

• SCORE database has shown that HDL-C modifies risk at all levels of risk as estimated from the SCORE cholesterol charts.

• Risk will be higher than indicated in the charts in individuals with low HDL-C.

ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J. 2011 Jul;32(14):1769-818.

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Stratégies d’intervention

ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J. 2011 Jul;32(14):1769-818.

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Risk Category

CHD and CHD risk equivalents Multiple (2+) risk factors Zero to one risk factor

LDL Goal (mg/dL)

<100

<130 <160

Three Categories of Risk that Modify LDL-C GOALS

ATP-3 update, Circulation, 2004

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New 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines on treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in Adults

• 1-Le traitement doit être considéré dans un contexte de prévention vasculaire intégrée : usage d’un Score du risque CV Absolu

• 2-Le niveau d’action est déclenché par le taux de LDL-C: des patients à très haut, à haut et à risque intermédiaire

• 3-Les statines sont LE choix dans le traitement, mais avec une nouvelle façon : intensité du traitement

• 4-Les objectifs du traitement doivent être détaillés pour chaque situation clinique

• 5-Modifications du style de vie

Stone Nj, Robinson J, Lichtenstein Ah, Bairey Merz Cn, Lioyd-jones Dm, Blum Cb, Mcbride P, eckel Rh, Schwartz Js, Goldberg Ac, Shero St, Gordon D, Smith Sc Jr, Levy D, Watson K, Wilson Pw. 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline On The Treatment Of Blood Cholesterol To Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk In Adults: A Report Of The American College Of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force On Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013 Nov 7. Pii: S0735-1097

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1,9g/L 1,10 g/L 0,39 g/L 1,7 g/L

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Objectifs selon régions du monde Cholestérol total

Total Cholesterol (US et w) Total cholesterol (Can , Eu)

<200mg/dL <5.2 mmol/L Désirable

200-239 mg/dL 5.2 – 6.2 mmol/L Borderline haut

≥240 mg/dL >6.2 mmol/L haut

NHLBI. http://nhlbi.gov/guidelines/cholesterol/index.htm. May 31, 2012

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Objectifs selon les régions LDL

LDL Cholesterol (US et w) LDL cholesterol (Can , Eu)

<70 mg/dL <1.8 mmol/L Idéal pour très haut risque

<100 mg/dL <2.6 mmol/L Idéal pour haur risque

100-129 mg/dL 2.6-3.3 mmol/L Presque idéal

130-159 mg/dL 3.4-4.1 mmol/L Borderline haut

160-189 mg/dL 4.2-4.9 mmol/L Haut

>190 >4.0 mmol/L Très haut

NHLBI. http://nhlbi.gov/guidelines/cholesterol/index.htm. May 31, 2012

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Objectifs selon régions du monde HDL

Total Cholesterol (US et w) Total cholesterol (Can , Eu)

<40 mg/dL (H) <50 mg/dL (F)

<1 mmol/L <1.3 mmol/L

pauvre

40-49 mg/dL (H) 50-50 mg/dL (F)

1-1.3 mmol/L 1.3-1.5 mmol/L

mieux

≥60 mg/dL >1.6 mmol/L meilleur

NHLBI. http://nhlbi.gov/guidelines/cholesterol/index.htm. May 31, 2012

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Objectifs selon régions du monde Triglycérides

Triglycérides (US et w) Triglycérides (Can , Eu)

<150 mg/dL <1.7 mmol/L désirable

150-199 mg/dL 1.7-2.2 mmol/L Borderline haut

200-499 mg/dL 2.3-5.6 mmol/L haut

≥500 mg/dL >5.6 mmol/L Très haut

NHLBI. http://nhlbi.gov/guidelines/cholesterol/index.htm. May 31, 2012

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Conclusion

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La cascade de filtres sur le niveau final

• Normalisation des techniques de dosage

• Norme sur une population (cholestérol)

• Correction par le risque encouru et sa levée (taux de décès par CAD)

• Recommandation pour réajustement selon le niveau

d’intervention pour correction donnée du risque (Bonne pratique)

• Objectif final

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Retenir pour nous et pour l’heure

• CT ≤ 2 g/l

• HDL ≥ 0.6 g/l

• LDL ≤1.6 g/l

• TG < 1.5 g/l

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