Cholesterol & Fat

Cholesterol & Fat

FAT - FACTSFat have a greasy, oily, or waxy consistency, composed of fatty acids

1. Saturated Fatty Acid

2. Monounsaturated

3. Polyunsaturated

Fatty Acids

• Saturated fats are solid at room temperature

• Found in animal fat – milk fat, butter, red meat

• Plant Origin – Coconut and Palm Oils

• Cashew nut

• Unsaturated Fats are soft or liquid

• Polyunsaturated fats will stay in Liquid Form

• Mono-unsaturated fats will become viscous

Cholesterol & Fat

Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Omega – 3 & Omega 6

• Omega - 3

• Found in fish oils – mackerel, tuna, salmon, sardines

• Walnuts, Soya, pumpkin Seeds, and Olives

• Fish Oil reduce Blood Triglycerides

• Anti-Clogging Effect

• Anti-Inflammatory Properties

• Good Vision

• Hormone Production

• Joint Flexibility

• Lower the risk of Alzheimer’s Disease

Cholesterol & Fat

• Omega - 6 Polyunsaturated Fat

• Linolenic Acid found – Vegetable oil – corn oil, safflower and soya bean

• Corn Oil, Cotton Seed Oil, Safflower oil, Sunflower Oil, Soya Bean Oil are Polyunsaturated.

• They prevents clotting

• Relax blood vessels

• Lower blood pressure

• Maintain water balance in the body

• Decrease pain and inflammation

• Improve immune system

• Help insulin to work

Cholesterol & Fat

Mono-Unsaturated Fats : Found in Olive and Canola Oils

• Olive Oil

• Lower the incidence of Heart disease

• Brain Function – Mood controlling brain chemical, Serotonin

• Pregnancy – Omega 3 and Omega 6 for Foetal Brain development

• Decrease Triglycerides, LDH and Increase HDL

• Weight Loss – Increase Metabolic Rate – Heat Production – Energy – Burn more calories

• Skin – Vitamin E

Cholesterol & Fat

Major Food Sources of Trans Fat

Cakes, Cookies, crackers, pies bred, etc

40%

Animal Products 21%Candy 1%

Breakfast Cereal 1%

Salad dressing 3%

Household shortening 4%

Potato Chips, corn chips, popcorn 5%

Fried potato 8%

Margarine 17%

Cholesterol & Fat

Function of Dietary Fats

• Source of Heat and Energy

• Add Flavour and Palatability to diet

• Furnish Essential Fatty Acids

• Spare Burning of Proteins for Energy

• Slow Digestive Process

• Serve as carrier of Fat Soluble, Vitamin A, D, E & K

• Insulate and Control Body Temperature

Cholesterol & Fat

Cholesterol: is a waxy, fat like substance classified as Lipid- found in every cell of human body

• To digest Fat

• To Strengthen Cell Membrane

• To Manufacture Hormones

• Vitamin D

• Bile ( Digestive Juice)

• Skin Oils

• Nerve and Brain Cell Sheath

It is used by the body

Cholesterol & Fat

• Body’s richest concentration of cholesterol is in the

Brain

• Liver and to some extend small intestine make all the

cholesterol that we need

• 1000 mg of Cholesterol is Manufactured in a day

• Cholesterol and other fats in the body cannot dissolve

in the blood

• Transported by the Special Carrier’s of Lipids and

Proteins – Lipoproteins

• Two important ones are – low density Lipoprotein and

High – Density Lipoprotein

Cholesterol

Cholesterol & Fat

• Major Carrier of Cholesterol in the blood

• LDL Cholesterol have little protein and high levels of cholesterol

• LDL Cholesterol can slowly build up within the walls of arteries while feeding the Heart and Brain - Plaque

• Later causes arteries to harden – “Atherosclerosis”

• Plaque can block the flow of blood and oxygen to heart

• If enough blood and Oxygen cannot reach your heart – suffer chest pain

• When blood supply to a portion of the heart is completely cut off by blockage – Heart Attack

• When blood and oxygen to the brain is cut off-Stroke

• Hence LDL Cholesterol is also known as “Bad Cholesterol”

Low Density Lipoprotein (Bad Cholesterol)

BLOCKAGE OF THE BLOCKAGE OF THE ARTERYARTERY

Cholesterol & Fat

• Carries away bad cholesterol from

the cell and tissue back to Liver

• Hence know as Good Cholesterol

• Has a powerful Anti-oxidant

properties

• It block the oxidation of LDL

Cholesterol

• HDL has lot of Protein and Very

little Cholesterol

High Density Lipoproteins – Good Cholesterol

Cholesterol & Fat

• Over the age of 20, should get their cholesterol level checked at least once every 5 years

What are the symptoms of High Cholesterol?

When to Check for Cholesterol?

• Does not cause any Symptoms

Total CholesterolTotal Cholesterol 150 – 250 mg %150 – 250 mg %

H. D. L.H. D. L. 20 – 60 mg %20 – 60 mg %

L. D. L.L. D. L. Up to 150 mg %Up to 150 mg %

TriglycerideTriglyceride 30 – 180 mg %30 – 180 mg %

NORMAL VLUES

Cholesterol & Fat

Total CholesterolTotal Cholesterol CategoryCategory

Less than 200Less than 200 DesirableDesirable

200 – 239200 – 239 Border LineBorder Line

240 and above240 and above HighHigh

LDL CholesterolLDL Cholesterol CategoryCategory

Less than 100Less than 100 OptimalOptimal

100 - 129100 - 129 Near OptimalNear Optimal

130 -159130 -159 Border Line HighBorder Line High

Bad Cholesterol Level

160 - 189160 - 189 HighHigh

190 and Above190 and Above Very HighVery High

HDL Cholesterol - Above 35 mg / dlHDL Cholesterol - Above 35 mg / dl

Triglyceride - 150 – 199 HighTriglyceride - 150 – 199 High

Cholesterol & Fat

• Main Goal is to lower LDL and raise HDL

• Eat a Heart – Healthy Diet

• Take Cholesterol Lowering Medication

• Goals for Lowering LDL based on the number of risk factors for Heart Disease

• If you have 0-1 Risk factor for Heart Disease – Low to moderate risk – life style change recommended.

• 2 or more risk factors – Moderate risk-life style change with cholesterol lowering drugs

• If you have known heart disease, diabetes or multiple risk factors – High Risk

How is High Cholesterol Treated?

Cholesterol & Fat

• Statins

• Niacin

• Bile Acid Resins

• Fibric Acid Derivatives

Cholesterol Lowering Drugs

Side Effects of Cholesterol Lowering Drugs• Muscle Aches

• Abnormal Liver Function

• Allergic Skin Reaction

• Heart Burn

• Dizziness

• Abdominal Pain

• Constipation

• Decreased Sexual Desire

Cholesterol & Fat

Uncontrollable Risk Factors• Positive Family History of Heart Disease

• Male Sex > 45 years

• Post-menopausal > 55 years

• Older Age

Risk Factors for Heart Disease

Controllable Risk Factors• Smoking

• Hypertension

• Diabetes Mellitus

• Sedentary Habit

• Obesity (More than 20% over ones ideal body weight)

• High LDL and Low HDL

• Uncontrollable Stress and Anger

• Increased Plasma Homocysteine Level

Cholesterol & Fat

Prevention of Ischemic Heart Diseaseo Check cholesterol level and be sure it is normal

o Check B.P. regularly, and if high, take treatment

o Diabetes should be treated and brought under control

o Stop Smoking

o Do regular aerobic exercise and brisk walking

o Stick to healthy diet rich in fish, vegetable, fruits, and low in fat

o Maintain an ideal body weight

o Do not indulge in excess of alcohol

o If you are a post-menopausal women consider hormone replacement therapy

o Dietary supplementation of folic acid in combination with Vitamin B6, vitamin B-12, if the plasma homocystene level is high