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CHNOLOGY AND INSTITUTIONS TE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SYST 406 Dr. D. RATEB.
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Transcript of CHNOLOGY AND INSTITUTIONS TE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SYST 406 Dr. D. RATEB.
CCHHNNOOLLOOGGYYAANNDD
IINNSSTTIITTUUTTIIOONNSS
TEE
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SYST 406 Dr. D. RATEB
ANDINSTITUTIONS
TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SYST 406 Dr. D. RATEB
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SYST 406 Dr. D. RATEB
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
ORGANIZATIONAL STUDIES
AND
WHAT CAN
LEARN FROM EACH OTHER?!!
ZEINAB ABDELFATTAHROAA ALIAN
MOHAMED EL DEMERDASHNAILA FATTOUHDANA HASHEMSALMA KABIL
YARA MANSOURTAREK SHAHIN
ZEINAB ABDELFATTAHROAA ALIAN
MOHAMED EL DEMERDASHNAILA FATTOUHDANA HASHEMSALMA KABIL
YARA MANSOURTAREK SHAHIN
ZEINAB ABDELFATTAHROAA ALIAN
MOHAMED EL DEMERDASHNAILA FATTOUHDANA HASHEMSALMA KABIL
YARA MANSOURTAREK SHAHIN
ZEINAB ABDELFATTAHROAA ALIAN
MOHAMED EL DEMERDASHNAILA FATTOUHDANA HASHEMSALMA KABIL
YARA MANSOURTAREK SHAHIN
ZEINAB ABDELFATTAHROAA ALIAN
MOHAMED EL DEMERDASHNAILA FATTOUHDANA HASHEMSALMA KABIL
YARA MANSOURTAREK SHAHIN
ZEINAB ABDELFATTAHROAA ALIAN
MOHAMED EL DEMERDASHNAILA FATTOUHDANA HASHEMSALMA KABIL
YARA MANSOURTAREK SHAHIN
ZEINAB ABDELFATTAHROAA ALIAN
MOHAMED EL DEMERDASHNAILA FATTOUHDANA HASHEMSALMA KABIL
YARA MANSOURTAREK SHAHIN
ZEINAB ABDELFATTAHROAA ALIAN
MOHAMED EL DEMERDASHNAILA FATTOUHDANA HASHEMSALMA KABIL
YARA MANSOURTAREK SHAHIN
ZEINAB ABDELFATTAHROAA ALIAN
MOHAMED EL DEMERDASHNAILA FATTOUHDANA HASHEMSALMA KABIL
YARA MANSOURTAREK SHAHIN
INTRODUCTION
DEFINING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
DEFINING ORGANIZATIONAL STUDIES
INTRODUCTIONASSUMPTIONS
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL STUDIES ARE
TWO DISTINCT FIELDS
BOTH FIELDS PREVIOUSLY HAVE NOT BEEN INTEGRATED, AND SO COULD LEARN EQUALLY FROM EACH OTHER.
INTRODUCTIONCURRENTLY, HOWEVER, THE INFLUENCE
THE TWO HAVE ON EACH OTHER IS “LOP-SIDED”
INTRODUCTION
CONTRASTING IT AND OS:
IT OBJECTIVES OS OBJECTIVES
INTRODUCTIONTHE ESTIMOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES
IT OSPARTICULAR
GENERAL
PRACTICAL
THEORETICAL
THEY ARE COMPLIMENTARY DIFFERENCES
INTRODUCTIONTHE ARTICLE PROVES THAT THEIR
EPISTEMOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES ARECOMPLEMENTARY:
““ParticularsParticulars are important for theory building, and are important for theory building, and theorytheory is important for making sense of specifics.” is important for making sense of specifics.”
WHAT WHAT ORGANIZATION ORGANIZATION STUDIES CAN STUDIES CAN
LEARN FROM IT LEARN FROM IT RESEARCH?RESEARCH?
MATERIALISM VS. AGENCY
MATERIALISM VS. AGENCY
IN THE 1960’s AND 1970’s, THEORISTS DEVISED THEORIES
OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN IT AND OS
There exist three main theories
1- Contingency Theory2- Media-Richness Theory3- Social Construction Theory
MATERIALISM VS. AGENCY
MATERIALISM VS. AGENCY
TECHNOLOGY AS A MATERIAL DETERMINANT OF AN ORGANIZATION’S
STRUCTURE…
“…“…The more The more complexcomplex and unpredictable the and unpredictable the technology, the more likely are organizations to technology, the more likely are organizations to adopt an adopt an organicorganic rather than a mechanistic rather than a mechanistic structure”structure”
CONTINGENCY THEORY
MATERIALISM VS. AGENCY
MEDIA-RICHNESS THEORY TRIES TO EXPLAIN INDIVIDUALS’ CHOICES OF COMMUNICATION MEDIA IN
TERMS OF A MEDIUM’S PROPERTIES.
Although the theory moves significantly towards the concrete and welcomes the actual properties of
technology, it undermines organizational cultures, group preferences, work practices, and symbolic
properties.
MEDIA-RICHNESS THEORY
MATERIALISM VS. AGENCYSOCIAL CONSTRUCTION THEORY
SHIFTS AWAY FROM THE ABSTRACT AND MATERIAL IMAGE OF TECHNOLOGY TO A VIEW OF TECHNOLOGIES AS FUNDAMENTALLY
SOCIAL OBJECTS…
…ACKNOWLEDGES THE ROLE OF HUMAN AGENCY IN TECHNOLOGICAL
CHANGE
BRIDGING THE GULF BETWEEN BRIDGING THE GULF BETWEEN MATERIALISM VS. AGENCYMATERIALISM VS. AGENCY
MATERIALISM VS. AGENCY:MATERIALISM VS. AGENCY:BRIDGING THE GULFBRIDGING THE GULF
WHEN “BRIDGING THE GULF”, ELEMENTS OF BOTH CONSTRUCTIONIST AND MATERIALIST
PERSPECTIVES SHOULD BE USED
MATERIALISM VS. AGENCY:BRIDGING THE GULF
EVERY TECHNOLOGY REFLECTS HUMAN AGENCY IN TWO WAYS
1.
ALL TECHNOLOGIES REPRESENT A PARTICULAR SET OF CHOICES
2. MULTIPLE USE OF TECHNOLOGIES ALLOWS THE
SHAPING OF THEIR IMPLICATIONS INTO
EVERYDAY PRACTICE
MATERIALISM VS. AGENCY:BRIDGING THE GULF
TECHNOLOGY’S MATERIAL PROPERTIES INFLUENCES HUMAN AGENCY
CONSTRAINS
AFFORDS
MATERIALISM VS. AGENCY:BRIDGING THE GULF
BRAVERMAN BELIEVED THAT TECHNOLOGIES DESKILL WORKERS
“…“…managers use designs and labor processes that managers use designs and labor processes that separate separate cognitioncognition from from executionexecution…”…”
“…“…relegating the latter to workers and the former to relegating the latter to workers and the former to managers and staff”managers and staff”
MATERIALISM VS. AGENCY:BRIDGING THE GULF
BUCHANNAN AND BODDY ARGUED THAT WHETHER TECHNOLOGY DESKILLED WORKERS DEPENDED ON THEIR ATTITUDES AND BACKGROUNDS…
…AND ON THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC CONTEXT OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL
STRUCTURE AND TECHNOLOIGICAL APPLICATION
AN ILLUSTRATION:COMPUTER-SUPPORTED COOPERATIVE WORK (CSCW)
CSCWCSCW EMERGED OUT OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION RESEARCH IN THE MID-1980’S
GENERAL PHILOSOPHY:
DESIGNERS COULD MORE ADEQUALTLY FORMULATE SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS IF THEY MAKE USE OF DESCRIPTIONS OF WORK PRACTICES MADE BY SOCIAL SCIENTISTS
CSCW“STUDIES OF SITUATED COORDINATION”
…EXAMINES HOW WORKERS ORIENT TO EACH OTHER AND TO THEIR TASKS USING EMERGING INFORMATION
AND TECHNOLOGIES AT HAND
WHAT IT RESEARCH CAN LEARN WHAT IT RESEARCH CAN LEARN FROM ORGANIZATIONAL STUDIESFROM ORGANIZATIONAL STUDIES
GENRES OF IT RESEARCHGENRES OF IT RESEARCH
GENRES OF IT RESEARCHGENRES OF IT RESEARCHSTUDIES OF THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
THESE TEND TO EXAMINE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES
SIMILAR TO STUDIES OF ORGANIZATION
GENRES OF IT RESEARCHGENRES OF IT RESEARCH
RESEARCH ON DEVELOPMENT DEPLOYMENT AND THE USE OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGIES
…STRONGLY INFLUENCED BY ORGANIZATIONAL
STUDIES
IT INVOLVES:
HOW TO DESIGN BETTER TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
MORE EFFECTIVE ADOPTION OF TECHNOLOGY BY USERS
Organizing and Managing IT Services
It researchers have found the work of organizational theorists useful in examining a variety of questions:
How should IT departments relate to other organizational functions?
How should firms recruit and retain IT Professionals
What are the best ways to develop and manage IT
infrastructure
GENRES OF IT RESEARCHGENRES OF IT RESEARCH
THE INSTITUTIONAL THE INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT CONTEXT
OF TECHNOLOGYOF TECHNOLOGY
THE INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXTTHE INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXTRECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ORGANIZATIONAL STUDIES
INSTITUTIONALIZATIONGLOBALIZATION
ENTERPRENEURSHIPPOST-MODERNITY
INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS
EXAMINES HOW BROAD SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL FORCES – LAWS, CULTURE – AFFECT, AND ARE
AFFECTED BY, THE ACTIONS OF ORGANIZATIONS
…”…”organizations, and the individuals who populate them, are suspended in a organizations, and the individuals who populate them, are suspended in a webweb of values, norms, rules, beliefs, and taken-for-granted assumptions, that of values, norms, rules, beliefs, and taken-for-granted assumptions, that are at least partially of their own making”are at least partially of their own making”
-Barely and Tolbert-Barely and Tolbert
THE INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXTTHE INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT
INSTITUTIONAL INFLUENCES…
THE INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXTTHE INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT
ENABLE
AND CONSTRAIN
…ACTIONS
ENABLE
AND CONSTRAIN
INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVES AND IT RESEARCH
THE INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXTTHE INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT
““An institutional perspective would offer IT researchers An institutional perspective would offer IT researchers a vantage point for conceptualizing the a vantage point for conceptualizing the digital economydigital economy……that is shaped as much by culture and structural that is shaped as much by culture and structural forces as by technical and economic ones.”forces as by technical and economic ones.”
TOWARD A MORE TOWARD A MORE TECHNOLOGICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL AND
INSTITUTIONAL VIEW OF INSTITUTIONAL VIEW OF TELECOMMUTINGTELECOMMUTING
TELECOMMUTINGTELECOMMUTINGDEFINING TELECOMMUTING
“…“…refers to using telecommunications lines, refers to using telecommunications lines, computers, and other office technologies (such as computers, and other office technologies (such as pagers, telephones, and faxes) to work from a pagers, telephones, and faxes) to work from a sitesite other other than one’s assigned than one’s assigned officeoffice.”.”
TELECOMMUTINGTELECOMMUTINGSTUDIES OF TELECOMMUTING
COMPARE TELECOMMUTERS TO TRADITIONAL OFFICE WORKERS
WITH RESPECT TO
JOB SATISFACTIONPRODUCTIVITYSOCIAL ISOLATIONSTRESSABILITY TO MANAGE WORK AND FAMILY ISSUES
TELECOMMUTINGTELECOMMUTINGISSUES CONCERNING TELECOMMUTING
TELECOMMUTING VIOLATES THE SEPERATION OF WORK AND HOME
iRoNiCaLLy IrOnIcAllY iRoNiCaLLy IrOnIcAllY iRoNiCaLLy IrOnIcAllY iRoNiCaLLy IrOnIcAllY iRoNiCaLLy IrOnIcAllY iRoNiCaLLy
WORKERS FEAR TELECOMMUTING: “IT WILL UNDEERMINE
OUR CAREERS BY MAKING US LESS VISBLE FOR PROMOTION
MANAGERS RESIST TELECOMMUTING: “WORKERS WILL EXERT LESS EFFORT WHEN
THEY ARE NO LONGER VISIBLE TO THEIR SUPERVISORS”
The practical Literature on Telecommuting revolves around 4 scenes
TELECOMMUTINGTELECOMMUTING
TELECOMMUTINGTELECOMMUTINGWITH REGARD TO THE STUDIES MADE…
Both IT and OSBoth IT and OS ResearchResearch UsingUsing DifferentDifferent TimeTime SpansSpans
NEITHER IT LITERATURE Nor OS LITERATURE ON TELECOMMUTING
“ENVISION REALITY”…
…INSTEAD, EACH DISCUSSES A SPECIFIC SITUATIONAL FEATURE WITHOUT “DEVELOPING AN INTEGRATED
UNDERSTANDING”
TELECOMMUTING REMAINS WRONGLY DEFINED AS A SUBSTITUE FOR OFFICE
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONINFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL
STUDIES ARE TWO DISTINCT DISCIPLINES THAT CAN LEARN SUBSTANTIALLY FROM EACH OTHER
UNDERSTANDING TECHNO-SOCIAL DEVELOPMENTS REQUIRES KNOWLEDGE OF TECHOLOGICAL SYSTEMS,
SOCIAL PROCESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL ACTIVITIES
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
The Article is far from promoting complete fusion of The Article is far from promoting complete fusion of the two fields. However, it merely claims that greater the two fields. However, it merely claims that greater Integration will be needed as we move into a Integration will be needed as we move into a post-industrial era that requires a fast and dynamicpost-industrial era that requires a fast and dynamicOrganizational structureOrganizational structure
THANKS, Y’ALLTHANKS, Y’ALL