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HOLY NAME UNIVERSITYCOLLEGE OF NURSING

CITY OF TAGBILARAN

TYPHOID FEVER

Area : Community Health Nursing (Booy District, Tagbilaran City, Bohol)

Date : March 4-5 & 11-13, 2013

Time : 7:30 am 2:00 pm

No. of Hours : 1- 2 hours

Course Description : Typhoid Fever- definitions, causes, sign & symptoms, complications, nursing and medical

management.

General Objective : After the discussion on the topic, the student nurses will be able to add in their knowledge about

Typhoid Fever.

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Specific Objectives Contents Teacher Learner Time Allotted Resources Evaluat

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After 2 hour of discussion,

the students nurses will be

able to;

Define TyphoidFever

Describe the

causes, sign and

symptoms,

complications,

nursing and

medical

management of

Typhoid fever.

Formulate nursing

diagnoses that

address the needs

of the patient and

her/ his family.

-definition oftyphoid fever

-causes, sign and

symptoms,

complications,

nursing and

medical

management of

Typhoid fever

-base on the

complication

Discussion

Discussion

Discussion

ActiveListening

Active

Listening

Active

Listening

15 min.

55 min.

15 min.

Public Health Nursing inthe Philippines

www.mayoclinic.com

www.medlineplus.com

Question aanswer

10 item qui

TYPHOID FEVER

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Definition

Typhoid fever is an infection that causes diarrhea and a rash -- most commonly due to a type of bacteria called Salmonella typhi

(S. typhi).

Causes

The bacteria that cause typhoid fever -- S. typhi -- spread through contaminated food, drink, or water. If you eat or drink

something that is contaminated, the bacteria enter your body. They travel into your intestines, and then into your bloodstream,

where they can get to your lymph nodes, gallbladder, liver, spleen, and other parts of your body. A few people can become

carriers of S. typhi and continue to release the bacteria in their stools for years, spreading the disease.

Intubation Period

Average of 2 weeks usual range 1 to 3 weeks

Sign and Symptoms

Early symptoms include fever, general ill-feeling and abdominal pain. A high (typically over 103 degrees Fahrenheit) fever and

severe diarrhea occur as the disease gets worse. Some people with typhoid fever develop a rash called "rose spots," which are

small red spots on the abdomen and chest.

Other symptoms that occur include:

Abdominal tenderness

Agitation

Bloody stools Chills

Confusion

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Difficulty paying attention (attention deficit)

Delirium

Fluctuating mood

Hallucinations

Nosebleeds

Severe fatigue

Slow, sluggish, lethargic feeling

Weakness

Complications

Intestinal bleeding or holes

The most serious complication of typhoid fever intestinal bleeding or holes (perforations) may develop in the third week ofillness. About 5 percent of people with typhoid fever experience this complication. Intestinal bleeding is often marked by a

sudden drop in blood pressure and shock, followed by the appearance of blood in your stool. A perforated intestine occurs when

your small intestine or large bowel develops a hole, causing intestinal contents to leak into your abdominal cavity and triggering

signs and symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and bloodstream infection (sepsis). This life-threatening

emergency requires immediate medical care.

Other, less common complications

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Other possible complications include:

Inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis)

Inflammation of the lining of the heart and valves (endocarditis)

Pneumonia

Inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis) Inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis)

Kidney or bladder infections

Infection and inflammation of the membranes and fluid surrounding your brain and spinal cord (meningitis)

Psychiatric problems such as delirium, hallucinations and paranoid psychosis

With prompt treatment, nearly all people in industrialized nations recover from typhoid. Without treatment, some people may not survive

complications of the disease.

Medical Management

A complete blood count (CBC) will show a high number of white blood cells.

A blood culture during the first week of the fever can show S. typhi bacteria.

Other tests that can help diagnose this condition include:

ELISA urine test to look for the bacteria that cause Typhoid fever

Fluorescent antibody study to look for substances that are specific to Typhoid bacteria

Platelet count (platelet count will be low)

Stool culture

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Fluids and electrolytes may be given through a vein (intravenously), or you may be asked to drink uncontaminated water with electrolyte

packets.

Appropriate antibiotics are given to kill the bacteria. There are increasing rates of antibiotic resistance throughout the world, so your health

care provider will check current recommendations before choosing an antibiotic.

Nursing Management

Health Teaching

Teach members of the family how to report all symptoms to the attending physician especially when patient is being cared for at home

Teach, guide and supervise members of the family on nursing techniques which will contribute to the patients recovery

Interpret to family nature of disease and need for practicing preventive and control measures.

Management

Demonstrate to family how to give bedside care such as tepid sponge, feeding changing of bedlinen,use of bedpan and mouth care

Any bleeding from the rectum, blood in stools sudden acute abdominal pain restlessness, falling of temperature should be reported at once to

the physician or the patient should be brought at once to the hospital.

Take vital signs and teach patient family member how to take and record same.